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1
Cox, Peter. "Gandhi and post-development : re-enchanting emancipation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577191.
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Historically, emancipation has been interpreted as inseparable from modernity. Emancipation has been configured in terms of an increase in reason and a commensurate 'disenchantment' and a banishment of the sacred. The emergence of post-development as a recognisable discourse within the field of development studies and practice has raised important questions regarding understandings of social progress. Notable in the literature and practice of post-development is an increased reference to the human spirit and 'spirituality' as an integral part of the process of social liberation. According to Marxist theory, such reference undermines its emancipatory potential. This thesis provides an alternative way of interpreting this return of the sacred by arguing that post-development is more fruitfully interpreted as a reinvention of Gandhian praxis. Moreover, the conjunction of Gandhian categories with post-colonial and post-developmental analyses provide an alternative lens through which to frame a model of emancipation more appropriate to the context of post-modernity. This process foregrounds issues of agency and identity in social change locating discussion of the spiritual in activist narrative as central to the structural processes of social change. The framework produced by these discussions is subsequently employed in order to examine the verity of environmentalist claims to emancipation. The argument is informed by ongoing post-development activism in North India and a range of new social movement activity. Fundamental to the approach is the need to focus on the ongoing processes involved in social transformation as a means to emancipation, rather than to any pre-determined aims. In conclusion, I show how the conjunction of Gandhian thought and post-development. is providing a framework for re-enchanted understandings of emancipatory action. Contingent upon their location, such emancipations are applicable to the 'North' as well as the 'South'.
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Sumida, Paulo Yukio. "Post-larval development in deep-sea echinoderms." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42173/.
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The post-larval phase is an essential period in the life history of marine invertebrates; vulnerable to high mortality, it ultimately influences the distribution and abundance of adult populations. The postmetamorphic ontogenesis of thirty species of deep-sea echinoderms, belonging to three classes (Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea and Echinoidea), is described using scanning electron microscopy. The life history of Ophiocten gracilis is also examined as a case study for future research on post-larval organisms. The analysis of development in ophiuroids reveals that species can be identified from a very early postmetamorphic stage, even in congeneric species, contrary to the findings of other authors. The ontogeny of homologous structures is similar within related groups, but may give rise to different adult structures in different taxa. The mouth papillae within the ophiurids are serially homologous, originating from the jaw, but the fourth mouth papilla may have a different origin. In the families Ophiactidae, Ophiacanthidae and Amphilepididae examined, the mouth papillae have different origins, as, for instance, the adoral shield spine or tentacle scale. Data on the post-larval development of Ophiura affinis suggest that this species is more closely related to the genus Ophiocten and a change in the generic status is proposed. Ophiocten gracilis is a bathyal brittle star occurring on both sides of the North Atlantic and its life history is studied in the eastern side of the North Atlantic. In this area, O. gracilis spawns in February/March of each year producing a large number of eggs. Fecundity is estimated to be around 40,000 eggs ind"1, with the population of the Hebridean Slope being able to produce probably up to 16 million eggs m"2. Post-larvae start settling in May and numbers settling reached over 3,200 post-larvae m"2. The settling speed of post-larvae in the water column is estimated to be around 500 m day"1, settling faster in warmer than colder water. Settling speeds appear to be similar for post-larvae ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 mm in disk diameter. Size at settlement is around 0.6 mm in disk diameter and 5-6 arm segments. The settlement of post-larval O. gracilis on the bottom of the Hebridean Slope also represented a considerable fraction of the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux in the area, reaching over 7% of the total daily flux. This is likely to have a considerable impact in the benthic community as competition and predation and as an additional food source for demersal and benthic organisms. The occurrence of post-larvae of O. gracilis in sediment traps also represented a large problem for POC flux measurements, with ophiuroids consuming part of the flux. In future works with sediment traps, such errors must be taken into account and ophiuroids must be included in the total POC flux. The deep-sea juvenile asteroids of the NE Atlantic could be distinguished to species level from a very early stage of development. The ontogenesis of Porcellanaster ceruleus shows that this species is likely to undergo a shift in habitat and diet during the juvenile phase. This is evidenced by the appearance of the epiproctal cone, the changing of the furrow and apical spines, the early development of the cribriform organ adjacent to the madreporite and the appearance of sediment in the stomach. P. ceruleus is probably a predator on meiofauna and small macrofaunal organisms during the early stages of life, changing to a burrowed life style ingesting sediment particles. Most juvenile sea stars analysed during the present study showed wider bathymetric distribution than their adult counterparts, suggesting that events occurring during the early stages of life are important for the maintenance of the local population structure and diversity in the deep NE Atlantic. The post-metamorphic development of three deep-sea spatangoid echinoids is very similar, but the morphology and formation of fascioles facilitate the distinction of the species examined. Whereas in Hemiaster expergitus and Spatangus raschi the fascioles present in the post-larvae develop to form the adult fascioles, in Brissopsis lyrifera post-larvae there is a juvenile fasciole, which disappears during ontogenesis giving way to the adult fascioles. The function of the juvenile fasciole is unknown in B. lyrifera. The development of the periproct in all spatangoids examined is similar to that described by other authors, with the periproct being initially endocyclic and migrating towards the rear of the animal as development progresses. Post-larvae of the genus Echinus could not be separated into different species, which may be linked to the recent diversification of the genus in the North Atlantic. The widespread settlement of echinoderm post-larvae reported in the present thesis and in other works is thought to have been very important for the colonization of the deep-sea through the supply of stages to deeper areas and selection of pressure adapted animals and subsequent speciation.
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Eakin, Leroy. "Development solutions in a post-consensus world." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6899.
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Includes bibliographical references.The following paper investigates the current paradigm for economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Following a review of recent literature in international political economy, the author argues the present system is a result of national self-interest in the North, rather than being the best program for development in the South. A critical analysis of the popular Washington Consensus strategy is provided. The author contends these policies underutilize recent advances in the theory of economic development as well as international political economy. Empirical data is used throughout the paper to support the argument. While most of the data comes from leading researchers in the field, a portion is based on primary research into the statements and documents of government officials, international organizations, and non-governmental entities. A case study is used to illustrate the benefits of new theories for growth, as well as to identify the critical determinants of economic development. The author concludes that reforms are needed to improve the economic, political and social development of Sub-Saharan Africa. Policies would improve by properly pacing and sequencing the macroeconomic reforms of the Washington Consensus, building national unity and domestic institutions, focusing on productivity growth and agriculture and utilizing African intellectual and political contributions.
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Daniels, M. "Cell cycle dependent post-translational modifications during development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598271.
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Cell fate choice is a complex process that involves several successive steps and signalling events, integrated and co-ordinated with proliferation. Particular combinations of transcription factors (TFs) are involved in this complex program and post-translational modifications of TFs largely play a key role in this. In this thesis, the role of a negative co-factor of TFs, inhibitor of differentiation (Id), and its regulation by the cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) are investigated. Id3 effectively antagonises the activities of proneural basic helix-loop-helix TFs by interacting with them and leading to an enhancement of their degradation. This inhibitory activity was significantly increased by in a modified Id3 that cannot be phosphorylated by cdk. Id3 is also shown to interact with histone de-acetylase, and possibly control the accessibility of TFs to their target promoter regions. The cdk inhibitors also influence cell fate choice as well as inhibition of cell cycle progression. Characterisation of two novel cdk inhibitors was performed, and found to induce glial cells in the retina. The mechanism of SUMOylation was explored, since SUMO is required for mitotic growth and cell viability, in the context of development. The expression patterns of Xenopus SUMO genes and SUMO-regulatory molecules isolated from the EST database were examined in this thesis. In addition, the novel role of SUMO E3 ligase, PIASya, on mesoderm induction is discussed. In addition to SUMOylating Smad2, PIASya was found to inhibit transcriptional activity of Smad2 by direct interaction and this is not SUMOylation-dependent. This thesis demonstrates that cell cycle dependent post-translational modifications of TFs affect cell fate by a complex network of signalling pathways. These findings may be relevant to tumourgenesis as well as development since the co-ordination of the cell cycle with cellular differentiation is at the heart of both processes.
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Spencer-Fry, J. E. "Optimisation and development of the post-labelling assay." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639093.
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The research contained within this thesis has a strong technical bias and is centred around developing novel procedures and techniques to move the postlabelling assay from its current status to a safer, more reliable and reproducible procedure consistently producing good quality data. In meeting these study objectives the postlabelling assay would not only be an important biomarker in monitoring exposure to environmental genotoxic compounds but it would provide a reliable biomarker for such monitoring, something not previously achieved. For the study the assay procedure was broken down into six stages; sample preparation, DNA digestion, adduct enrichment, radioactive labelling, adduct resolution and adduct quantification. Each stage in the assay was scrutinised, potential improvements identified, conditions optimised for maximum performance and reliability and suitable assay controls prepared and introduced to evaluate the impact of such changes on the performance criteria of the assay. Where appropriate, novel techniques such as the use of minicolumns for adduct enrichment and the use of alternative isotopes such as [γ33P]ATP were developed and combined with other assay modifications to improve safety, enhance reliability in a bid to reduce the complexity of the procedure and tackle the labour intensity of the approach. As a result of the research performed in this study the laboratory was asked to participate in an "Interlaboratory Trial for the Standardisation and Validation of DNA Adduct Postlabelling Methods". The trial provided an ideal opportunity to evaluate the improved assay procedure developed within this study alongside the protocol recommended by the trial co-ordinators. Many of the trial findings and recommendations correlated with those identified and reported in this thesis.
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Ratcliffe, Joel. "The (Post)Development of Rwandan Rice-Growers' Cooperatives." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31022.
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The Rwandan countryside is currently undergoing a process of rapid reform under ambitious government programs to modernize agriculture for participation in national and international markets. While the government asserts that it is pursuing pro-poor growth, many critics present significant evidence to the contrary. This thesis examines the use of farmers cooperatives within the ongoing government campaign of agricultural modernization, and it asks whether the co-ops themselves are sources of personal empowerment and material gain for the small producers. Adopting the “sceptical” post-development position advanced by Aram Ziai, the present research attempts to take a pragmatic look at the ways in which the co-ops meet or fail to meet the material and non-material needs of their members while appreciating that cultural preferences are heterogeneous and dynamic. While the use of farmers cooperatives appears appropriate for the Rwandan marshland, the co-ops examined very much fall short of the post-development social movement model.
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Burmeister, Marina. "Reconnecting man with nature : post industrial landscape development." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45272.
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Industries became a permanent addition to
cities in the 18th century, transforming the
natural landscape and influencing the people
directly dependant on it, this enforces to the
consumer culture we experience every day.
This industrial development all over the
world has disregarded apparent and non-apparent
relationships that humans have within
nature, resulting in the connection between
humans and nature to become estranged,
leaving humankind searching for identity and
purpose.
This study investigates the connection between
humans and nature through adapting
the post-industrial landscape, to ultimately
establish an identity of place for human
well-being.
The study proposes that apparent and
non-apparent relationships between humans
and nature can be introduced in the post-industrial
landscape through the concepts of
ecosystem services and commemorative
design. By commemorating the natural
landscape, memories and experiences
will create an appreciation for the natural
landscape, strengthening the connection
between humans and nature. Different
ecosystem services are generated by the
design to establish ecological and human
well-being.
The sketch plan design intervention proposes
that, these apparent and non-apparent relationships
between humans and nature are
revealed and celebrated. The non-apparent
relationships are transformed into apparent
design features within the landscape to make
visitors aware of their unity with nature and
the services it provides them with. The
design proposal creates opportunities for
interaction, education and appreciation by
means of food gardens, utility gardens,
biodiversity gardens and experiments of
spontaneous succession.
The purpose of these interventions is to
restore the post-industrial landscape while
creating a strong cultural connection to
heritage within industries and nature to
reconnect humankind with their own identity
as part of nature.Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
ML(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Korosteleva-Polglase, Elena A. "Explaining party system development in post-communist Belarus." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341674.
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Singh, Sabina Sharan. "Repoliticising development, the rise of participatory development in the post-fordist context." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36082.pdf.
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Alajrami, Sami. "Software development in the post-PC era : towards software development as a service." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3756.
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Engineering software systems is a complex task which involves various stakeholders and requires planning and management to succeed. As the role of software in our daily life is increasing, the complexity of software systems is increasing. Throughout the short history of software engineering as a discipline, the development practises and methods have rapidly evolved to seize opportunities enabled by new technologies (e.g., the Internet) and to overcome economical challenges (e.g., the need for cheaper and faster development). Today, we are witnessing the Post-PC era. An era which is characterised by mobility and services. An era which removes organisational and geographical boundaries. An era which changes the functionality of software systems and requires alternative methods for conceiving them. In this thesis, we envision to execute software development processes in the cloud. Software processes have a software production aspect and a management aspect. To the best of our knowledge, there are no academic nor industrial solutions supporting the entire software development process life-cycle(from both production and management aspects and its tool-chain execution in the cloud. Our vision is to use the cloud economies of scale and leverage Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) to integrate production and management aspects into the development process. Since software processes are seen as workflows, we investigate using existing Workflow Management Systems to execute software processes and we find that these systems are not suitable. Therefore, we propose a reference architecture for Software Development as a Service (SDaaS). The SDaaS reference architecture is the first proposal which fully supports development of complex software systems in the cloud. In addition to the reference architecture, we investigate three specific related challenges and propose novel solutions addressing them. These challenges are: Modelling & enacting cloud-based executable software processes. Executing software processes in the cloud can bring several benefits to software develop ment. In this thesis, we discuss the benefits and considerations of cloud-based software processes and introduce a modelling language for modelling such processes. We refer to this language as EXE-SPEM. It extends the Software and Systems Process Engineering (SPEM2.0) OMG standard to support creating cloudbased executable software process models. Since EXE-SPEM is a visual modelling language, we introduce an XML notation to represent EXE-SPEM models in a machine-readable format and provide mapping rules from EXE-SPEM to this notation. We demonstrate this approach by modelling an example software process using EXE-SPEM and mapping it to the XML notation. Software process models expressed in this XML format can then be enacted in the proposed SDaaS architecture. Cost-e cient scheduling of software processes execution in the cloud. Software process models are enacted in the SDaaS architecture as workflows. We refer to them sometimes as Software Workflows. Once we have executable software process models, we need to schedule them for execution. In a setting where multiple software workflows (and their activities) compete for shared computational resources (workflow engines), scheduling workflow execution becomes important. Workflow scheduling is an NP-hard problem which refers to the allocation of su cient resources (human or computational) to workflow activities. The schedule impacts the workflow makespan (execution time) and cost as well as the computational resources utilisation. The target of the scheduling is to reduce the process execution cost in the cloud without significantly a ecting the process makespan while satisfying the special requirements of each process activity (e.g., executing on a private cloud). We adapt three workflow scheduling algorithms to fit for SDaaS and propose a fourth one; the Proportional Adaptive Task Schedule. The algorithms are then evaluated through simulation. The simulation results show that the our proposed algorithm saves between 19.74% and 45.78% of the execution cost, provides best resource (VM) utilisation and provides the second best makespan compared to the other presented algorithms. Evaluating the SDaaS architecture using a case study from the safety-critical systems domain. To evaluate the proposed SDaaS reference architecture, we instantiate a proof-of-concept implementation of the architecture. This imple mentation is then used to enact safety-critical processes as a case study. Engineering safety-critical systems is a complex task which involves multiple stakeholders. It requires shared and scalable computation to systematically involve geographically distributed teams. In this case study, we use EXE-SPEM to model a portion of a process (namely; the Preliminary System Safety Assessment - PSSA) adapted from the ARP4761 [2] aerospace standard. Then, we enact this process model in the proof-of-concept SDaaS implementation. By using the SDaaS architecture, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and its applicability to di erent domains and to customised processes. We also demonstrate the capability of EXE-SPEM to model cloud-based executable processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the added value of the process models and the process execution provenance data recorded by the SDaaS architecture. This data is used to automate the generation of safety cases argument fragments. Thus, reducing the development cost and time. Finally, the case study shows that we can integrate some existing tools and create new ones as activities used in process models. The proposed SDaaS reference architecture (combined with its modelling, scheduling and enactment capabilities) brings the benefits of the cloud to software development. It can potentially save software production cost and provide an accessible platform that supports collaborating teams (potentially across di erent locations). The executable process models support unified interpretation and execution of processes across team(s) members. In addition, the use of models provide managers with global awareness and can be utilised for quality assurance and process metrics analysis and improvement. We see the contributions provided in this thesis as a first step towards an alternative development method that uses the benefits of cloud and Model-Driven Engineering to overcome existing challenges and open new opportunities. However, there are several challenges that are outside the scope of this study which need to be addressed to allow full support of the SDaaS vision (e.g., supporting interactive workflows). The solutions provided in this thesis address only part of a bigger vision. There is also a need for empirical and usability studies to study the impact of the SDaaS architecture on both the produced products (in terms of quality, cost, time, etc.) and the participating stakeholders.
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Mbulle-Nziege, Leonard. "Post -war recovery and development in Liberia since 2013." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12361.
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The aims and objectives of this study are notably, to provide an overall understanding of the history of Liberia, from the country’s foundation, through the civil war, up to the present day post-conflict scenario. It intends to identify the strategies and schemes put in place by Liberian officials and other stakeholders, while outlining the importance of attaining the goals attached to these various plans. The difficulties of achieving these post-conflict development goals will also be noted, and finally, It analyses whether the concepts used in Liberia might also be implemented in post-conflict societies not only in Africa, but all over the world.
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Heleta, Savo. "Post-war reconstruction and development: a collective case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008049.
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Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a surge in post-war stabilisation, reconstruction and development operations around the world. Externally driven efforts have been shaped by the liberal peace framework, which assumes that a rapid transmission or imposition of neo-liberal norms and values, combined with Western-style governance institutions, would create conditions for lasting peace and prosperity. Only in a few instances countries have attempted internally driven post-war reconstruction and development; in most cases, these efforts were either ignored or suppressed by international analysts, experts, academics and organisations. Despite all the expertise and funding spent since the early 1990s, externally driven operations have not led to lasting peace and stability, establishment of functioning institutions, eradication of poverty, livelihood improvements and economic reconstruction and development in war-torn countries. All too often, programmes, policies and „solutions‟ were designed and imposed by external actors either because they worked elsewhere or because they were influenced by geopolitical, economic and/or security interests of powerful countries. Furthermore, external actors have tended to assume that generic approaches based on the liberal peace framework can work in all places, while ignoring local actors, contexts and knowledge. Focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Sudan and Somaliland, this exploratory qualitative study critically explores and assesses both externally and internally driven post-war reconstruction and development practices and operations in order to understand the strengths and shortcomings of both approaches and offer recommendations for future improvements. This is important since socio-economic recovery and economic development are crucial for lasting stability and peace in post-war countries.
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Mikicich, Stephen Nenad. "Waterfront development in the post-industrial city : a profile." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29987.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the significance of waterfront redevelopment in the post-industrial city. The context for this analysis is the advent of post-industrial society - as evidenced by the economic, social and physical restructuring of cities. My objectives in undertaking this research are to gain a better understanding of planning issues in waterfront redevelopment; to examine the use of waterfront redevelopment as a policy tool for achieving community objectives; and to ascertain the broader implications of waterfront redevelopment in post-industrial society.
My research is based on an extensive literature review, several interviews, and more in-depth study of selected waterfront projects. The significance of urban waterfront redevelopment is studied from three different perspectives: (i) the physical restructuring of cities in the post-industrial period; (ii) the experiences of various waterfront communities; and (iii) the case study of New Westminster, British Columbia.
Waterfront redevelopment is significant in the post-industrial city as a public policy tool for achieving broader social and economic development objectives. Through the redevelopment of their waterfronts, communities have an opportunity to redress a range of social and economic issues. The social development potential is seldom realized, however, because redevelopment is primarily commercially-motivated.
In theory, the urban waterfront has been reclaimed for all residents of the post-industrial city. The notion of public access and the creation of public amenities are fundamental principles of waterfront development. In practice, however, the benefits of a revitalized waterfront are not shared equally. As the waterfront profiles demonstrate, the nature of the waterfront land-use mix is generally biased towards high-end commercial development and luxury housing.
The nature and form of new waterfront developments raises questions about elitism and equity in the post-industrial city. If some level of economic integration is not achieved, the waterfront will not have been reclaimed for all residents of the post-industrial city, but, rather - for the post-industrial urban elite.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Witbooi, Moses J. S. "Education and development in a post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24944.pdf.
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Melloni, Nicola. "Political change and institutional development in post-Soviet Russia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600800.
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This thesis explores the process of political change, economic transformation and institutional development in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It assesses the outcomes of the transition as the results of a multifaceted process. At theoretical level, the work analyses Russian transformation as an integral part of Russian history. Institutional theory. in its various ramifications, has been the analytical tool on which my study is based on. In particular, this work seeks to connect the determinants of power struggle and distribution with institutional change and development. It does so by explaining not only why and how certain institutions were designed - a field in which rational choice can be of great help - but also why and how these institutions failed to create a modern market democracy - and here historical and sociological institutionalism are necessary tools of the research. At empirical level, this thesis investigates the socio-economic structures that Russia inherited from the former Soviet Union and in particular, the relative strength of the old nomenklatura and the weakness of alternative social forces. The nomenklatura exploited the dramatic weakening of the central authority to expropriate vast economic resources, to hijack the course of the reforms and to consolidate its powerful position by impeding the development of a modem market economy. Nevertheless, the equilibrium reached between political and economic actors was not a stable one because it was based only on the exploitation of public resources without creating the conditions for the reproduction of economic relations. In this sense, Putin's ascent to power is explained as an attempt to stabilise this situation by reaffirming the role of the state and re-defining the relations between both the centre and the regions and the state and the "oligarchs". This research concludes that despite the efforts of the reformers, the ultimate goal of transforming Russia in a liberal country was not achieved. Traditional patrimonialism, albeit in a modernised version, and political soft authoritarianism have emerged as the economic and political framework of the new Russia.
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Nistor, Mihai M. "The development of post-Socialist urban areas in Romania." Thesis, University of Kent, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413275.
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Sillah, Abdulai. "The effects of post-conflict aid on economic development." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669036.
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White, Miki Machell. "Analysis and Development of Post Secondary Curriculum on Sustainability." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2488/.
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This thesis examines existing curricula at colleges and universities about sustainability and uses results to develop an introductory post secondary course curriculum. The proposed course is organized around three major elements - - science, philosophy, and economics - - all integral to understanding sustainability. Materials needed to teach the proposed 3-semester hour course including syllabus, teaching modules, transparencies, handouts, and exams were developed. Suggestions on how to teach a one-semester hour course on sustainability and a workshop on sustainability are also presented. The following research and curriculum development was a project established and funded by the Texas Energy Office, Renewable Resources and Sustainability Program.
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Hemstock, Hsiaofen. "Economic development strategies and policies in post-war Taiwan /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683049374695.
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Lloyd, Emma. "The development of novel post-tensioned glulam timber composites." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707817.
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Improvements in the structural performance of glulam timber beams by the inclusion of reinforcing materials can improve both the service performance and ultimate capacity. In recent years research focusing on the addition of fibre reinforced polymers to strengthen members has yielded positive results. However, the FRP material is still a relatively expensive material and its full potential has not been realised in the combination with structural timber. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of strengthening timber beams by the addition of a post-tensioned basalt fibre reinforced polymer rod. This will be achieved through the experimental testing of a combination of unreinforced and post-tensioned GL28 timber beams, with both unbonded and bonded Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) rods being utilized as the post-tensioning tendon. It is intended that experimental and analytical research will begin to assess the viability of using this timber composite in construction scenarios.
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Rabin, Chaim. "The development of the syntax of post-biblical Hebrew /." Leiden, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37212797h.
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Wu, Simiao. "Development of a psychological intervention for post-stroke fatigue." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22808.
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Background Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common and distressing problem after stroke. It impedes patients’ participation in daily activities and is associated with higher risks of institutionalisation and death following stroke. Despite its high prevalence and detrimental consequences, little research has been conducted to develop effective treatments for PSF. Psychological interventions are effective in treating fatigue in other conditions such as cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. This thesis described the development of a psychological intervention for PSF. Methods This thesis was based on the theoretical, modelling and part of the piloting phases of the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions. This intervention was developed in collaboration with a multidisciplinary group of stroke clinicians, clinical psychologists, a psychotherapist, and stroke survivors. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Systematic reviews were conducted to explore the natural history of PSF and to identify potential targets for a psychological intervention for PSF. The format of the intervention was adapted from existing psychological interventions for cancer-related fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. The intervention was delivered by a clinical psychologist (i.e. the therapist) to 12 patients with PSF (i.e. the participants) to test its acceptability and feasibility in the local health system. After the feasibility study, the intervention was refined according to the feedback from the participants and the therapist. A Cochrane review of interventions for PSF was updated to identify any new evidence that could inform future studies. Results Systematic reviews suggested that PSF often occurred early after stroke and persisted over time (which justified the need for interventions for PSF) and that PSF was associated with distressed mood, lower self-efficacy, reduced physical activity and sleeping problems (which were potential targets for the treatment of PSF). Based on interventions that have been used to treat fatigue in other conditions, these psychological and behavioural factors could be addressed by psychological interventions that challenge patients’ thoughts and behaviours (i.e. the cognitive behavioural therapy, CBT). Thus a manualised CBT was developed for PSF. This CBT was delivered to each participant individually, through six face-to-face treatment sessions over a period of 12 weeks, followed by a telephone-delivered review session one month later. Both the participants and the therapist gave favourable opinions on the acceptability of the intervention. The recruitment and follow-up procedures were feasible in the local health system. Following the feedback from participants and therapist, the intervention manual was refined for future use, where the last two treatment sessions will be combined to a single session and the review session will be delivered in person by the therapist. There were statistically significant improvements in fatigue, mood, mobility, and participation in social activity from baseline to three months after the end of treatment. The updated Cochrane review concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend any specific intervention for PSF; psychological interventions are one type of interventions worth being investigated in future trials. Conclusions PSF is associated with distressed mood, lower self-efficacy, reduced physical activity and sleeping problems, which are potential targets for the treatment of PSF. Although there was insufficient evidence to recommend any intervention for the treatment of PSF, psychological interventions are one type of promising interventions worth future investigation. The promising results from this uncontrolled feasibility study support the need for a subsequent exploratory randomised controlled trial (RCT) of this brief psychological intervention.
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Obuaku, Chinwe Christopher. "Capacity development in a post-conflict context: An analysis of tangible infrastructural development in the Niger Delta of Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5205.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Within the discourse of community development, the expression 'capacity development' stands out. Its common usage has somehow rendered it almost insignificant given the fact that those who use it tend to think of it in ways that hardly can be considered as having singular meaning. To be precise, there is no consensus as to its meanings; yet, it has not stopped its usage. The implication is that capacity development as a concept remains complex and has the tendency to erect difficulty in the attempt to operationalize it and apply it in evaluating development initiatives. However, this study presents an operational definition of capacity development in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; levels of capacity development as well as dimensions used to evaluate on-going development projects/ policies in the region. The research method used to gather data was mixed. Quantitative method was more convenient due to the topography of the study area. However, qualitative method was introduced and utilized to guarantee the validity, authenticity and reliability of data collected. Mapping and an observation of government agencies/ organizations involved in capacity development in the study area (the Niger Delta region, by extension); questionnaires that spoke of practices supportive of capacity development in the region as well as resources available to Southern Ijaw LGA for capacity development; focused group discussions and in depth interviews that drew attention to factors affecting capacity development at all levels; individual, institutional and societal etc. these tools were means that efficiently helped in assessing the extent to which capacity development has been operationalized in post conflict Niger delta.
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Daurer, Vanessa. "What is Development? : Peruvian local perception on “development” and foreign development aid- a way to a “non-westernized” development?" Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4393.
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Abstract“Development” is an essentially contested concept within academia and some critics, the so-called post-development school, argue that the concept and practice of development is a world-view monopolizing our imagination. The school of thought promotes alternative ways to think about development but is merely at the theoretical level and lacks taking into account empirical cases. Therefore, this theoretical approach is to test and develop existing literature and the theory is originating from the work of Michel Foucault and theory of post-development’s presented hegemonic development discourse. The aim is to study Peruvian NGO executives’ perceptions on development and alternative development collaborations through in-depth interviews and a critical case study design. The study reveals an alternative thinking about “development” and local perceptions challenge the “truth” of the hegemonic development discourse. A donor-recipient relation is visible where local knowledge is limited and local NGOs are coerced into new behaviors to satisfy donors’ demands. Studying “periphery” grass-root voices from the Third World is important to be able to imagine “development” differently in discourses silenced, limited and at the margins.
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D'Ambruoso, Lucia. "Global health post-2015 : the case for universal health equity." Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71419.
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Set in 2000, with a completion date of 2015, the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals is approaching, at which time a new global development infrastructure will become operational. Unsurprisingly, the discussions on goals, topics, priorities and monitoring and evaluation are gaining momentum. But this is a critical juncture. Over a decade of development programming offers a unique opportunity to reflect on its structure, function and purpose in a contemporary global context. This article examines the topic from an analytical health perspective and identifies universal health equity as an operational and analytical priority to encourage attention to the root causes of unnecessary and unfair illness and disease from the perspectives of those for whom the issues have most direct relevance.
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Abdool, Shelly N. "Unraveling feminist theories of development, a post-modern approach to women and development theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39799.pdf.
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CAVALLERI, ALEX. "CHARACTERISATION OF AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5/MONOPTEROS POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL REGULATIONS DURING ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA DEVELOPMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/838364.
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Alternative splicing generates a MONOPTEROS isoform required for ovules development
Auxin is one of the main designers of plant development and organs differentiation and its function relies on its differential accumulation with the generation of points of high and low hormone content. At cellular level, auxin signaling impacts on the transcriptomic landscape thought the modulation of the interplay between AUX/IAA repressor proteins and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR transcriptional factors. AUX/IAAs and ARFs compose a combinatory system in which AUX/IAAs binding to ARFs negatively regulates their ability to activate the transcription of downstream targets. Upon auxin sensing, AUX/IAAs stability is compromised thought their direct ubiquitination and degradation, allowing transcriptional activator ARFs to promote gene expression. Among transcriptional activator ARFs, ARF5/MONOPTEROS (MP) has been shown to be a key integrator of auxin signaling for many developmental events, thought the activation of the transcription of target genes above auxin threshold concentration. We show that in ovules, MP is expressed and functional in domains of low auxin content. We described that MP post-transcriptional regulations are involved in this process thought the generation of a biologically functional mRNA splicing variant, whose translation generates a protein isoform lacking the AUX/IAA interaction domain. Indeed, the alternative MPint11 isoform was able to partially complement mp mutants defects and ovule developmental process. Interestingly, also the canonical MP protein results partially functional for complementation of ovules formation, with a similar behavior to the one observed for MPint11. Our results suggest that MP functions relies on the combined activity of both its isoforms with the evidence that, during ovules development, MP domains involved in AUX/IAAs binding are not strictly required. These findings describe a novel scenario in which, not only MP is able to work uncoupled from the classical auxin signaling model, but also in which post-transcriptional regulation controls the formation of a functional isoform required for correct ovules development.MP translation initiation is modulated by an auxin dependent alternative splicing event The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5/MONOPTEROS (ARF5/MP) is a transcriptional factor involved in the activation of downstream targets upon auxin signalling. MP has been shown to be fundamental in the regulation of several biological processes in Arabidopsis thaliana, including vegetative and reproductive development. Despite MP functions have been deeply studied, little is known about its intrinsic regulative mechanisms, and how auxin regulate them. In this work we characterised the existence of a predicted alternative splicing event of a leader intron sequence located in MP 5’UTR. We show that MP alternative spliced mRNA is preferentially accumulated in inflorescences tissues. Interestingly, this alternative splicing event is positively regulated by exogenous auxin application, a modulation which involves the action of the previously described alternative splicing regulative module NSRs-ASCO. Moreover, the absence of the leader intron sequence in the alternative spliced mRNA results in the usage of a downstream start codon for translational start. Thanks to the characterisation of two novel CRISPR/Cas9-generated mp mutant alleles, and by ribosomes profiling datasets analysis we propose that the fourth in-frame aug on MP open reading frame can be used as alternative translational start site, without impairing protein structure and function. Our results show that auxin can modulate MP transcript maturation, generating alternative spliced mRNA variants and flexibility in the translational start codon usage, revealing a new level of auxin functions on ARFs modulation.
Auxin modulates MP post-translational regulation in post embryonic root development Root development is a process strictly controlled by auxin activity. Polar auxin transport and accumulation has been shown to be fundamental for correct root patterning and differentiation and AXIN RESPONSE FACTOR transcriptional factors are directly involved in these processes. Among theme, ARF5/MP has been shown to be a crucial integrator of auxin signalling for primary root formation, root meristem maintenance and lateral roots development. MP was previously described to positively regulate the transcription of its downstream targets upon auxin concentration increase. Nevertheless, recent studies reveal that MP activity during reproductive development relies on different protein isoforms, acting uncoupled from the classical auxin signalling model. These observations suggest that, also in root development, MP function might be integrated by these regulations, leading to the establishment of a novel scenario of auxin mediated MP modulation. In this work we show that MP and alternative MPint11 isoforms undergoes to differential post-translational regulation both in the root apical meristem and in lateral roots primordia, which impact on their stability and accumulation. We observed that high auxin levels allow canonical MP protein accumulation, whereas sub-threshold auxin concentration determines its degradation by the proteasome. On the other side, alternative MPint11 isoforms escape from this regulation, allowing its broader accumulation. These regulative mechanisms might impact on a differential functionality of MP and MPint11 isoforms during root development, as suggested by their differential ability to restore mp mutant phenotype at the seedling level. Our results reveal a completely new level of ARFs modulation mediated by auxin, showing that its level not only determines ARFs transcriptional behaviour but also might impact differentially on their stability, acting as a bridge from post-transcriptional to post-translational regulations.
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Anac, Caner. "Development Of A Risk Assessment Tool For Post-project Appraisal." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608216/index.pdf.
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As competition in the business environment increases, knowledge management
becomes a critical success factor. Firms should be able to gather, analyze and reuse
knowledge to support their strategic decisions. Construction firms should also
analyze information in hand (completed and on going project data) and make it a
part of their learning mechanism. Post-project appraisal is an organizational learning
mechanism aiming to form an organizational memory. Organizational memory is a
remedy for organizational amnesia, which is a very common problem in the
construction industry due to the project-specific nature of the industry and lack of
systematic ways to manage knowledge. Particularly, information about risks and
their consequences is an important piece of knowledge that the firms should refer to
in the forthcoming projects in order not to do the same mistakes.
v
Risk management comprises of risk identification, analysis and formulation of risk
response strategy to maintain an optimum risk-return structure in a project. It is
agreed upon by many researchers that, although risk management is accepted as one
of the critical success factors for construction projects, project participants generally
do not have sufficient knowledge pertinent to risk management concept and the
number of tools which facilitate the risk management process is rather low.
Typically, companies carry out a risk assessment exercise at the start of a project
and the obtained risk ratings are used to determine contingency. However, after the
project is over, a final assessment is not usually carried out. The main idea in this
study is that, in order to improve the risk assessment process in forthcoming projects,
risk assessment should be a part of post-project appraisal. Risk events that actually
happened may be classified according to their sources and impacts (monetary/nonmonetary)
as well as the effectiveness of utilized response strategies. Consequently,
companies may learn from what had happened in previous projects and prepare
more realistic risk management plans in the future.
The major objective of this thesis is to develop a project risk management
information model for risk assessment using historical data in order to improve risk
assessment process in forthcoming projects. The framework is modeled to ensure
information continuity throughout the project life cycle by storing and reusing
project information that resides in risk event databases. The applicability of the
developed database system is tested on a real construction project and potential
benefits are discussed.
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Taylor, Suzanne. "Local development, seeking an alternative in post-conflict El Salvador." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56722.pdf.
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Dunajevas, Eugenijus. "The development of personal social services in post-communist Lithuania." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110414_105213-57549.
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The objective of the dissertation is to identify the main features of Western personal social services in institutional and organizational structure of post-communist Lithuania. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to get analytical frame of personal social services. Part two presents the research strategy used to analyze the institutional and organizations structure of personal social services in post-communist Lithuania: object of research, data sources and data gathering techniques, data analysis process and techniques. The analysis of institutional and organizational structure of personal social services in post-communist Lithuania is conducted in the third part of dissertation. Findings: the institutional and organizational structure of personal social services in post-communist Lithuania corresponds to Western structures, but the development was influenced by the legacy of communist period.Disertacijoje tyrinėjama asmeninių socialinių paslaugų institucinė ir organizacinė struktūra Lietuvoje. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – ištirti Vakarų šalių asmeninių socialinių paslaugų institucinės ir organizacinės struktūros pagrindinių bruožų raišką Lietuvoje. Disertacijos struktūrą lėmė išsikeltas tyrimo tikslas. Pirmoje darbo dalyje siekiama pateikti asmeninių socialinių paslaugų sampratą, išskiriant ją sudarančius elementus, kurių transformacijos analizuojamos kitose darbo dalyse. Antroje darbo dalyje pristatomi tyrimo objektai, duomenų šaltiniai ir duomenų rinkimo metodai, duomenų analizės metodai ir procesas. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje analizuojama Lietuvos asmeninių socialinių paslaugų institucinė ir organizacinė struktūra, siekiant identifikuoti Vakarų šalių asmeninių socialinių paslaugų institucinės ir organizacinės struktūros bruožus, bei atskleisti atitinkamo bruožo raišką sąlygojančius mechanizmus. Disertacijoje konstatuojama, kad Lietuvos asmeninių socialinių paslaugų institucinėje ir organizacinėje struktūroje galima identifikuoti tam tikrus Vakarų šalių bruožus, tačiau jų raiška yra veikiama iki nepriklausomybės atkūrimo buvusios institucinės ir organizacinės struktūros.
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Dewar, Fleur Simone. "Empowering Women? Family Planning and Development in Post-Colonial Fiji." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/943.
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Family planning initiatives have been critical to development strategies since the 1950s. Family planning has been justified on various grounds including its contribution to poverty alleviation, improved maternal and infant health and the advancement of women's rights and choices. More recently, the discourse of 'women's empowerment' has been used in the advocacy of family planning. This discourse integrates a number of earlier justifications for fertility control promoting family planning as a strategy to enhance women's access to higher standards of living and improved health. It associates family planning with advances in women's rights as individual citizens in 'modern' economies and their greater involvement in paid work. This thesis investigates whether this empowerment discourse is evident in family planning programmes in Fiji and its relationship to the socio-economic development of that country. Critical analyses of the operation of power, development strategies and western assumptions about family size, human rights and economic wellbeing inform this research. In particular, Foucault's concept of 'biopower' is used to analyse narratives about family planning articulated by health practitioners, women's rights activists and officials in the Ministry of Health. The analysis of key informants' statements is complemented by consideration of official statistics, and existing empirical data such as documents and pamphlets. The thesis argues that an empowerment discourse is strongly evident in Fiji with respect to the statements made by key informants and available written sources. It looks critically at the narratives that construct family planning as empowering for women, particularly the tropes of choice, health and full citizenship. Close analysis of these narratives demonstrate that the 'stories' uniformly position women as potentially empowered 'modern' subjects. However, critical analysis of these stories about choice, health and citizenship found that family planning strategies were sometimes disempowering. The generic stories embodied by the empowerment discourse did not allow for the diversity of women's needs; this finding supported critiques of one-size-fits-all development strategies. I demonstrate that while the empowerment discourse provided women with the opportunity to control their fertility, engage in paid work and be empowered, it simultaneously created new challenges and different forms of subordination. This thesis found that the empowerment discourse was an unmistakable example of biopower at work
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Nedderman, Anthony. "Consultancy in high technology: the development of post-entrepreneurial strategy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264451.
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Biccum, April R. "Continuity & rupture : towards a 'post'-colonial reproof of development." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430309.
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Oakley, David James. "Development of post-conciliar pastoral theology applied to Presbyteral education." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265096.
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Connolly, Richard M. "Economic structure and social order development in Post-Socialist Europe." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1065/.
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This study examines the role of economic structure in explaining the different trajectories of social order development across the post-socialist region. Social orders are shown to differ according to the extent to which competitive tendencies contained within them – economic, political, social and cultural – are resolved according to open, rule-based processes. Social orders are also assumed to exhibit a ‘double balance’ between political and economic systems in which political systems will tend to reflect the prevailing economic system within a society. The focus of this dissertation is placed on tracing which economic conditions facilitate increased levels of political competition. Principally, it will test the hypothesis that the nature of a country’s ties with the international economy, and the level of competition within a country’s economic system, will shape the nature of political competition within that society. After several decades of relative ‘bloc autarky’, the ongoing process of reintegration across the post-socialist region has resulted in varying patterns of interaction with the international economy. This study will focus primarily on the links with the international economy that are formed through export sectors.
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Massaquoi, William N. "Women and post-conflict development : a case study on Liberia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42108.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-134).
Liberia seems an ostensible 'poster child' in light of the call by women's rights advocates to insert women in all aspects of the political, social, and economic transition in post-conflict countries. Liberia has elected the first female African President and women head the strategic government ministries of Finance, Justice, Commerce, Gender, Youth and Sports and National Police. Women also helped to secure an end to fourteen years of civil war. Pressured by women, the National Legislature has.passed a revised law against rape and a Devolution of Estate Act granting women in customary marriages the rights to own property and to take custody of their children. While acknowledging these remarkable contributions, I argue that reliance on these successes of the women's movement in the last several years is not enough to produce the kinds of changes that will bring economic benefits to ordinary women. I argue that the women's movement plurality neither ensures an automatic and equal representation for all women nor is it an all-encompassing movement for sudden empowerment for all or for equalizing life chances and opportunities. I then argue that what is needed is a developmental state that ensures a rights-based approach to state building. Without a social policy that protects at the least those whose subsistence have been decimated by the civil war, condition for sustained peace may be eroded. Assuring poor women a modicum of economic welfare is a legitimate goal. And a rights-based approach to state building gives poor women control over all areas of their daily existence and put pressure on the state to be accountable for such obligations.
by William N. Massaquoi.
M.C.P.
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Wang, Yang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Molecular pathway analysis and therapeutics development in post-traumatic osteoarthritis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109668.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, February 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Post traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) refers to the progressive degradation of cartilage often triggered by a traumatic joint injury, such as a tear of the meniscus or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Such impact injuries lead to elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid of the joint, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNFa. In turn, these cytokines cause decreased matrix synthesis by chondrocytes and contribute to reprogramming of chondrocytes and synovial cells to increase release of matrix proteases. PTOA accounts for 12% of the OA population and typically affects younger individuals. The first part of this thesis focuses on developing a combination therapeutic which can address multiple aspects of cartilage degradation associated with the pathogenic responses to joint injury. We studied the combined use of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and dexamethasone (Dex) to block multiple degradative effects of cytokine challenge to articular cartilage. We found that in young bovine cartilage, the combination of IGF- 1 and Dex significantly inhibited the loss of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and collagen induced by IL-I. rescued the suppressed matrix biosynthesis, and inhibited the loss of chondrocyte viability caused by iL- 1 treatment. In adult human cartilage, only IGF- 1 rescued matrix biosynthesis and only Dex inhibited sGAG loss and improved cell viability. Thus, the combination of IGF-1+Dex together showed combined beneficial effects in human cartilage. Our findings suggest that the combination of IGF-I and Dex has greater beneficial effects than either molecule alone in preventing cytokine-mediated cartilage degradation in adult human and young bovine cartilage. In the second part of this thesis, a global phosphoproteomics approach was employed to determine the pathways that are activated upon cytokine challenge of adult human chondrocytes. We identified key regulatory kinases, p38, JNKI/2, ERKI/2, ERK5, JAK2, and STAT3 that were upregulated in phosphorylation as a result of inflammatory cytokine treatment. In addition, we identified 417 phosphopeptides with MAPK substrate motif that were more than 4 times upregulated in response to cytokine treatment. Using inhibitors against the key kinases, it was shown that P38, JNK1/2, ERK5 played important roles in cytokine induced cell death in bovine and human cartilage, while inhibition of JNK1/2 and ERK5 had the anti-catabolic effect of reducing GAG loss from cartilage matrix. In addition, JNK inhibition sensitized chondrocytes to IGF-1 stimulation in young bovine cartilage. These result indicate that kinase activity plays an essential role in cytokine induced cartilage catabolism and that kinase inhibitors have therapeutic potential in preventing cartilage degeneration. The third and final part of this work examined the release of matrix molecules upon mechanical injurious compression and/or cytokine treatment in long term culture to identify potential biomarkers of cartilage degeneration. A quantitative mass spectrometry approach was used to characterize the kinetics of aggrecan and collagen degradation. Although mechanical injury alone does not lead to a substantial increase in matrix degradation, mechanical injury can accelerate cytokine-induced matrix degradation and release. Additionally, we found that a collagen type III neo-epitope could be a potential biomarker for cartilage degradation. A neoepitope of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), which was identified in the synovial fluid of acute injury patients, was also found in our ex vivo explant injury model. This makes our model physiologically relevant and it can be a valuable system for determining the effects of potential drug treatment on matrix degradation.
by Yang Wang.
Ph. D.
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Rahman, Sabhi. "Analyses of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control during neocortical development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613345.
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Jones, Benjamin Nicholas Farror. "British politics and the post-war development of human rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e680adc1-a3e9-4c7a-be6d-0f3b374fb209.
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In this thesis I explore the attitudes, arguments, and actions of British political elites in connection with the development of human rights law in Europe and the UK. I do this by examining British input into five key episodes for the development of European supranational rights and their incorporation into domestic legal orders (namely the drafting of the European Convention on Human Rights 1950, the drafting of the European Social Charter 1961, the acceptance of individual petition in 1966, the failed 1970s Bill of Rights debate, the passing of the Human Rights Act 1998, and recent developments such as the UK ‘opt-out’ to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, and the emergence of a new ‘British Bill of Rights’ debate). Casting light on British involvement in less examined periods in European rights development, I challenge existing, isolated, explanations for the more focal episodes (such as Simpson’s rational-choice post-colonial thesis for individual petition acceptance, and ideological accounts for New Labour’s post-1997 constitutional reform). Responding to the most recent literature in the area, central to my analysis is the question of how rights progress relates to inter-party conflict. By considering continuities and discontinuities in elite political discussion of rights I argue that while conflict is a significant underlying feature of every major episode of rights progress during the last sixty years, and is less evident in less progressive periods, other factors have had a greater influence over the form, timing, and extent of rights progress. Most significant amongst these is the constitutional ideological development of the Labour party and the critical connection between Labour’s elevation of the Convention within the UK constitutional space and revisionist shifts in party thinking.
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Odei-Tettey, Kwame. "Institutions and development management in Ghana : the post-revolutionary years." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a09a54b3-00e7-4367-be64-fe3df3fa832d.
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Svenskerud, Monica. "Community participation and participatory development in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5958.
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Haynes, Michael J. "Mining, dependence, and post-independence urbanisation in Botswana : sustainable development?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15422.
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Bibliography: leaves 187-197.Botswana has been considered as one of the few post-independence development successes in Africa. The country's recent status is attributable to the growth of the minerals sector, with diamonds and copper/nickel matte forming the basis of exports and government development revenues. Mining has not only been responsible for boosting export earnings, but has also stimulated most recent urbanisation, resulting in the some of the highest urban growth rates in sub-Saharan Africa. The problem of urban in-migration has been compounded by a bias in development expenditure, with the towns receiving a disproportionately large share of scarce resources. All new towns since independence have been established as service centres for the mines, with limited wider development occurring. Resultant vulnerability and instability in the urban sphere has been reflected in the case of Selebi-Phikwe, where a decline in the copper/nickel industry has threatened the future integrity of the town. That mining has not contributed towards development which is sustainable over the long terms calls into question, the resilience of Botswana's progress. A political-economic analysis of the development history of Botswana indicates a continuity between colonial neglect and the migrant labour system, and the current problems of dependence on the mining sector and external employment opportunities. The reasons for the dearth in diversified productive activity in mining towns in Botswana are related to an externally orientated development policy, with dependence on the world mineral markets. As the mining industry is based on the extraction of finite, non-renewable resources and is susceptible to fluctuations in mineral pricing, towns exclusively based on mining are latently unstable and have similarly finite lives. The problem is compounded by the lack of a local entrepreneurial class capable of stimulating the 'modern' sector which is related to the historical lack of an urban elite in the country. Given that there has been minimal associated development of productive opportunities outside of the primary sector in Selebi-Phikwe, the Government has instituted a crisis management strategy to deal with the situation. Proposals to diversify the economic base of Selebi-Phikwe are focused on attracting foreign investment, as a means of stimulating local, export-orientated industrialisation. As the incentives for locating in the town are primarily based on cheap, malleable, labour supplies, transnational investment is likely to be of a highly mobile nature and is unlikely to sustain employment and development in Selebi-Phikwe Certain conclusions are drawn from the experience of Selebi-Phikwe: Firstly, the problem of continuity in Selebi-Phikwe has historical roots indicating that short term panaceas are unlikely and that structural solutions are needed. Secondly, the town's fate holds important implications for the maintenance and support of the wider urban system in Botswana. Thirdly, expectations of indefinite economic prosperity have been generated in part, by continual Government emphasis on urban infrastructural development, something which is potentially problematic given the potential for urban discontinuity. A more rational evaluation of the urban sector in Botswana is required. With the precarious foundations of urbanisation in Botswana borne in mind, surplus revenues generated by mining should be channelled into rural employment creation rather than urban areas. An approach which treats the urban question in its entirety is required. There is thus a real need for a national development programme which integrates population and environmental policy with rural and urban sector planning, and which bases future development on the criteria of equity and sustainability.
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Powell, Stephen. "Positive Autonomy as a Mechanism in Rwanda’s Post-Genocide Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1592.
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Rwanda is a small resource poor country in East Africa that has experienced almost two decades’ worth of significant growth following a genocide that claimed almost 10% of the country’s population. This paper explores the role of positive autonomy in the countries path to development hoping to demonstrate that countries that are ready to pursue independent policy initiatives ought to be encouraged to do so by their international partners. Positive autonomy has three defining characteristics; the ability of a country to pursue its own internally driven policy choices, especially in the face of external opposition but not necessarily in the face of opposition, “ownership” of a community over policy developments that affect them, i.e. their involvement in the administration of policy, and lastly, the ability of a country to reject policy propositions from the outside. Negative autonomy would be a lack of two or more of those conditions. Using this model, I seek to show that these three characteristics have been pursued by Rwanda as a result of its pre-genocide history. I also seek to show that these three characteristics have played a vital role in the development of Rwanda by allowing the government to pursue innovative strategies outside of international norms. To demonstrate this conclusion, I first look to the pre and post-colonial histories of Rwanda in order to examine the role of negative autonomy, seeking to build a case that demonstrates its lasting impact in Rwanda’s political character. I then examine an extreme case of negative autonomy in the case of the CFA monetary union followed by an extended examination of a clear case of positive autonomy in Rwanda and the benefits and failures it has produced. I then briefly examine the relationship between development aid and influence also demonstrating that Rwanda’s position on development aid mirrors its position on positive autonomy in general. Finally, I briefly examine three different examples of positive autonomy in Rwanda as a supplement to the extended example to demonstrate that some of the biggest policy initiatives undertaken by the Rwandan government are either the result of positive autonomy, are successful because of positive autonomy or can be drastically improved by a better implementation of positive autonomy. I hope that this research can be seen as a fresh lens for examining the relationship between weak and powerful states to validate the position that more autonomy for weaker states in their decision-making processes can produce much more successful results in their development drives.
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Hooper, Janice (Janice Otilia) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Post-Marxist development praxis: NGDOs and new social movement theory." Ottawa, 1993.
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Whitacre, Laura Frances Britnell Richard E. "Guidelines for the development of products from post-consumer glass." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1796.
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Beznosov, Mikhail A. "Political Markets of Post-Socialism: Anomalous Development or Evolutionary Trend?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194497.
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Looking at the post-socialist cases of Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Russia, this dissertation asks whether rapid development of political markets in post-socialist polities represents the anomaly of post-socialist transformation or, perhaps, it represents the normal trajectory of the evolutionary development of democratic institutions. The study has a cross-disciplinary approach, incorporating insights and analyses from different disciplines. To answer the research question in this study, a comprehensive (comparative case study) research strategy is employed. The cases were selected based on the notion that they represent a subset of a larger set of post-socialist democratic polities with very similar transformational trajectories although different in a range of historical, cultural, and geopolitical aspects. All selected cases experienced a relatively painful transformation of social, political and economic institutions. However, the success of these transformations varies across these cases. Also there is a substantial variation in the strategies of reforms, pace of changes and extent of public and elite support for the changes.Particular electoral practices and their correlation with distinct institutional and media environments are examined by combining macro-level contextual data with micro-level data. The conclusions about the degree of professionalization, the impact of the ongoing mediatization of electoral politics, the variety of campaign styles and the consequences of these changes in the nature of political campaigns for electoral democracies in post-socialist countries and worldwide are drawn.The study provides empirical support for an argument that rapid development of political markets in post-socialist polities is not an anomaly of post-socialist transformation, but, rather, is a reflection of the radical changes that are being faced by the modern democratic polities. The study suggested potential dangers caused by spread of modern political marketing techniques. This problem is even more acute in post-socialist countries than in established democracies. These countries have not inherited the robust system of democratic guarantees in the form of institutions or traditions. The effects of adaptation of modern forms of political institutions functioning could be much more unpredictable.
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Rashid, George J. "Counselor educator ego development and ethical decision-making post graduation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2262.
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Counselor Educators are interested in assessing and promoting the professional and personal development of those in the counseling profession, including their ego and ethical development. While there has been much research concerning such development, there is insufficient research concerning the level of personal development of Counselor Educators themselves, and how such development progresses over the course of their tenure as professors. Thus, this dissertation assessed the ethical decision-making and ego development of Counselor Educators who earned their doctorates from institutions accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) and who are currently working as Counselor Educators at a CACREP-accredited program. In particular, the following questions had sought to be answered: (a) What is the level of ego development of Counselor Educators and how do they develop over their tenure as professors? (b) What is the ethical decision-making level of Counselor Educators and how do they develop over their tenure as professors? (c) What is the relationship between ego development and ethical decision-making as Counselor Educators develop both of these over their tenure? and (d) How do the varying environments, qualities, and responsibilities of Counselor Educators relate to ego development and level of ethical decision-making?
Essentially, the Researcher categorized Counselor Educators into two groups, according to their level of tenure: untenured (assistant professors) and tenured (associate professors and full professors). The Researcher then measured ego development, using the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger, 1996), and ethical decision-making, using the Ethical Decision-Making Scale—Revised (EDMS-R; Dufrene, 2000). The Researcher then compared WUSCT stages and EDMS-R P indexes for each of the two group-mean scores through a one-way analysis of variance ANOVA), in order to ascertain if there were developmental differences between the two groups. It was anticipated that tenured professors, on the whole, would be more developed than untenured professors.
The results from the present study tentatively indicate that Counselor Educators are well-developed, in terms of ego development and ethical decision-making. Of the four research questions, there was one finding of significance: participants who stated that they were not very challenged by their department had higher EDMS-R P indexes than those who were challenged.
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James, Tracy. "Characterization of Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of lin-42/Period During Post-embryonic Development of C. elegans." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29083.
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Period, which is broadly conserved in metazoans, regulates circadian timing of neurophysiology as well as cell fate specification. Studies in mouse and humans indicate that period functions as a tumor suppressor and controls adult stem cell differentiation. However, regulation of period function in developmental pathways has not been characterized and appears to be different from its regulation and function in circadian pathways. lin-42 is the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of period and has both circadian and developmental timing functions. During post-embryonic larval development, cyclic expression and function of lin-42 controls stage-specific and reiterative cell fate choices of a subset of epidermal stem cells called seam cells. We are studying lin-42 regulation of seam cell fate during C. elegans larval development as a model for understanding the mechanisms of period regulation of adult stem cell fate in mammals.
This dissertation describes the research undertaken to characterize the cis-regulatory elements and the trans-regulatory factors that control lin-42 expression. We used direct molecular interaction assays (Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, EMSA) (Chapter 2) followed by an RNA interference (RNAi)-based genetic screen (Chapter 3) to identify lin-42 transcriptional regulators. Using the EMSA, we identified three 50 to 100 base pair regions (binding regions, BR1-3) in the lin-42 5â noncoding sequences that were bound with specificity by C. elegans nuclear proteins. These binding regions represent putative cis-regulatory elements that may serve as transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). We attempted to identify by mass spectrometry the proteins that bind to the BR sequences. We also used Phylogenetic Footprinting and bioinformatics screens to identify candidate C. elegans transcription factors (TFs) that may bind to putative TFBSs within the BR sequences. Using an RNAi-based screen, we tested the candidate TF genes for potential genetic interactions with lin-42. We identified ZTF-16, a member of the Hunchback/Ikaros zinc-finger transcription factor family, as a potential lin-42 activator and, using quantitative real-time PCR, confirmed that ztf-16 mutation results in down-regulation and loss of cycling expression of lin-42. We further determined that loss of ztf-16 results in seam cell development defects that phenocopy lin-42 loss-of-function, thus validating ZTF-16 as a transcriptional activator of lin-42.Ph. D.
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Oparah, Francis C. "The transportation system of post-colonial Nigeria: A strategy for development." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3234.
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This dissertation analyzes the influence of colonialism on the current transportation system in Nigeria, its impact on development and the stringent difficulties experienced in the restructuring of the system for efficient development in the Nigerian economic milieu. These have been accomplished by an analysis of the colonial intentions of the foreign influence under whose auspices the transportation system in Nigeria was initiated and constructed. Also, the post-colonial difficulties in the efforts to restructure the system were critically analyzed. A major assumption made in this dissertation has been that colonialism was the main reason the system was structured the way it stands currently, especially since the system reached its greatest development and expansion during colonialism in Nigeria. All evidences in this study point to the fact that unless the system is completely restructured to better address the developmental needs in Nigeria, development will still be far-fetched and thus negate the importance of transportation as a major vehicle to national development.
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Carruthers, Clare. "The development of a "comprehensive" model of post-industrial urban cultural tourism development in the UK." Thesis, Ulster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532172.
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