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Coroş, Monica Maria, Oana Adriana Gică, Anca C. Yallop, and Ovidiu Ioan Moisescu. "Innovative and sustainable tourism strategies." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2017-0033.
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Purpose According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation, sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future. It is an industry that aims at having a low impact upon the environment and local culture, generating income and employment, and ensuring the conservation of local ecosystems. The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which the development and promotion of a new tourism product based on unique rural heritage and traditions contribute to the development of sustainable tourism strategies in Romania. Design/methodology/approach This paper includes a literature review on the topic of sustainable tourism in post-conflict destinations and provides arguments for the adoption and development of sustainable tourism. Using a case study methodological approach, this paper provides an example of a sustainable tourism destination from the Central development region of Romania (Alba County, Transylvania) to depict specific sustainable tourism practices and their impact on the place, in a post-communist and post-conflict context. The study uses a comprehensive desk-research based on secondary data from key industry and academic sources. Findings The research findings show that rural tourism can greatly support the (re)development of post-conflict destinations, and it makes a significant contribution to the sustainable development of the Romanian tourism industry, in general, and rural economies in particular, as shown in the case examined in this paper. Practical implications This paper illustrates that fostering the unique rural heritage and traditions of a post-conflict destination can contribute to the revival and sustainable development of the place. Sustainable tourism practices contribute not only financially to a destination but also to its social infrastructures, jobs, nature conservation, adoption of new working practices and the revitalisation of passive and poor rural areas. Originality/value This paper examines and depicts rural tourism development as an innovative and sustainable strategy for Romania, a post-conflict destination that experienced severe political and social turmoil during the communist regime, and ethnic conflicts and violent events in the 1990s. The research findings may be applicable to other geographic regions and post-conflict destinations with similar contexts.
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Seneviratne, Krisanthi, Dilanthi Amaratunga, and Richard Haigh. "Post conflict housing reconstruction." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 5, no. 4 (September 7, 2015): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-08-2014-0034.
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Purpose – Despite the role of post conflict housing reconstruction in establishing the development of peace in conflict affected countries, there are many issues which hinder its success. While the inconsideration of housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction has directly or indirectly given rise for most of the issues, the countries emerging from conflicts face many challenges in addressing such housing needs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the management of housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction. This paper aims to focus on identifying the challenges in addressing housing needs within the context of post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach – The study used the grounded theory approach to collect and analyse the data collected through 37 in-depth interviews, conducted with policy makers, practitioners, academics and housing beneficiaries in Sri Lanka. Primary data were verified through a documents review. Findings – The paper reveals that addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka is challenging, due to several factors. These include the socio economic profile of conflict affected people, conflict sensitive issues, donor requirements, limited availability of finance, weakened government administration, extent of housing and infrastructure damage, attitudes of affected people, land-related issues and shortage of labour and material. Originality/value – A number of studies have identified the challenges of post conflict reconstruction. This study particularly identifies the challenges of addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction. These findings are useful for policy makers to develop strategies in addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction.
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Collier, P. "Post-conflict Recovery: How Should Strategies Be Distinctive?" Journal of African Economies 18, Supplement 1 (January 1, 2009): i99—i131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejp006.
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KRUMOV, KRUM, SNEJANA ILIEVA, SONYA KARABELIOVA, and LYUDMILA ALEXIEVA. "Conflict Resolution Strategies in the Transition to Market Economy." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 552, no. 1 (July 1997): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716297552001006.
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One of the most typical characteristics of post-totalitarian societies is the expansion of conflict. In the transition from totalitarianism to democracy, conflict accompanies the changes in all social spheres: politics, economics, culture, personality, and so on. The most dramatic and difficult conflicts to overcome are the economic ones. The conflicts in the economic sphere always emerge, develop, and die away within a given organization. It is precisely the structure and characteristics of the organization that determine the dynamics and the development of the conflict, and it is again the organization that determines the resolution and disappearance of the conflict. The goal of our empirical study was to trace the dynamics of the conflicts within changing Bulgarian organizations, as well as to reveal their peculiarities depending on the gender, age, and position of the subjects in the organizational hierarchy. In addition, our task was to find out the ways in which the five basic strategies for conflict resolution are applied in developing organizations. The general conclusions of our study outline the ways for successfully coping with conflicts and effectively managing organizations in the transition from a centralized to a market economy.
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Obwona, M., and M. Guloba. "Poverty Reduction Strategies During Post-conflict Recovery in Africa." Journal of African Economies 18, Supplement 1 (January 1, 2009): i77—i98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejp008.
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Kopp, Kathrin S., and Katja Liebal. "Conflict resolution in socially housed Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii)." PeerJ 6 (July 31, 2018): e5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5303.
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BackgroundPeaceful conflict resolution strategies have been identified as effective mechanisms for minimising the potential costs of group life in many gregarious species, especially in primates. The knowledge of conflict-management in orangutans, though, is still extremely limited. Given their semi-solitary lives in the wild, there seems to be barely a need for orangutans to apply conflict management strategies other than avoidance. However, because of the rapid loss of orangutan habitat due to deforestation, opportunities to prevent conflicts by dispersion are shrinking. Additionally, more and more orangutans are brought into rehabilitation centres where they are bound to live in close contact with conspecifics. This raises the questions of whether and how orangutans are able to cope with conflicts, which are inevitably connected with group life.MethodsObservational zoo-studies provide a valuable method to investigate such potential: in zoos, orangutans usually live in permanent groups and face the challenges of group life every day. Therefore, we observed a group of six socially-housed Sumatran orangutans at the Dortmund Zoo, Germany, both in their spacious outdoor enclosure in the summer and in the less spacious indoor enclosure in the winter. During 157.5 h of observation, we collected data on aggressive interactions, third-party interventions and post-conflict affiliations. We applied the post-conflict/matched-control observation (PC/MC) and the time rule method to investigate the occurrence of reconciliation and post-conflict third-party affiliations.ResultsWe recorded a total of 114 aggressive interactions (including conflicts in the context of weaning and of male sexual coercion). As expected, we found an increase of both open conflicts and peaceful conflict resolution under less spacious conditions. In accordance with previous reports, we observed interventions by initially uninvolved individuals. Whereas we found no clear evidence for post-conflict third-party affiliations, we were able to demonstrate the occurrence of reconciliation among orangutans.DiscussionNotwithstanding the small sample size and the explorative character of our study, we found evidence that orangutans possess a potential for prosocial conflict resolution. When living in groups and under conditions in which dispersion is no longer an option, orangutans are capable to flexibly apply strategies of conflict resolution to cease open conflicts and to repair the potential social damage of aggressive interactions. These strategies are similar to those of other great apes.
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VAN LEEUWEN, MATHIJS. "To Conform or to Confront? CSOs and Agrarian Conflict in Post-Conflict Guatemala." Journal of Latin American Studies 42, no. 1 (February 2010): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x10000064.
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AbstractThis article is about the role of civil society after violent conflict. It argues that the transformations that civil society organisations (CSOs) make are more ambiguous than supporting donors and NGOs presume. The article analyses how, ten years after the 1996 peace agreements, Guatemalan CSOs deal with agrarian conflict. It discusses in detail the case of a church-related organisation assisting peasants with agrarian conflicts and the challenges it faced in defining its strategies. The article argues that supporting donors and NGOs should stop seeing the difficulties of organisational change in post-conflict situations exclusively in terms of the internal incapacities of civil society. Instead, they should re-politicise their analyses and focus on the importance of broader social and political processes in post-conflict settings for the strategic options open to CSOs.
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Seneviratne, Krisanthi, Dilanthi Amaratunga, and Richard Haigh. "Managing housing needs of post conflict housing reconstruction: Sri Lankan perspective." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2015-0157.
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Purpose Post conflict housing reconstruction is crucial to development and peacekeeping. However, the success of it, is hindered by a number of problems related to a lack of addressing housing needs. The purpose of this paper is to explore how such housing needs can be effectively managed in post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach Using the grounded theory method as the research strategy, unstructured interviews were conducted with policy makers, practitioners, beneficiaries and academics in Sri Lanka. Data were analysed using open, axial and selective coding to develop the theoretical framework. Findings The study reveals the challenges, contributing factors and strategies in addressing housing needs of accessibility, habitability, affordability, location, facilities, cultural considerations and security of land tenure. It also identifies the gaps and recommendations. The paper establishes the links between these and presents a theoretical framework for managing housing needs effectively in post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka. Practical implications This research enhances the success of post conflict housing reconstruction through addressing housing needs effectively, which contributes to sustainable housing development after conflicts. Originality/value The study combines the literature from five main areas: conflicts, post conflict, post conflict reconstruction, post conflict housing reconstruction and housing needs and provides a better understanding on how the housing needs can be managed during post conflict housing reconstruction in developing countries based on empirical evidence.
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Barrios-Tao, Hernando, José María Siciliani-Barraza, and Bibiana Bonilla-Barrios. "Education Programs in Post-Conflict Environments: a Review from Liberia, Sierra Leone, and South Africa." Revista Electrónica Educare 21, no. 1 (December 11, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.21-1.11.
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Education should be considered as one of the mechanisms for governments and nations to succeed in a post-conflict process. The purpose of this Review Article is twofold: to explain the importance of education in a post-conflict setting, and to describe a few strategies that post-conflict societies have implemented. In terms of research design, a multiple case study approach has been implemented. The paper reviews a unique topic with specific reference to education plans implemented in post-conflict societies such as Liberia, Sierra Leone, and South Africa. Each of them has experienced violent conflicts and has used education as a tool to succeed in their post-conflict process. In sum, there are several educational programs that involve children, young people, survivors, parents, teachers, and local communities as well as curriculums focused on teaching of cultural values and technical skills to improve the quality of life in a post-conflict setting.
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Ndubisi, Nelson Oly, and Setiadi Umar. "Outsourcing: reap the fruit; contain the “bad apple”." Journal of Business Strategy 39, no. 5 (September 17, 2018): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2018-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to show how outsourcing partners can maximise the benefits of outsourcing while containing the negative effect of destructive conflict (the “bad apple”) on trust and commitment. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed existing literature on the benefits and limitations of outsourcing from the principal’s (outsourcer) and the agent’s (service provider) perspectives. The study further draws on empirical evidence from studies conducted across ten industries in three countries within the Asia–Pacific Rim and the Middle-East, namely, Australia, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Findings Long-term orientation and ethical norms are robust ex-ante (i.e. before the destructive conflict) handling strategies, whereas integrative conflict handling style and (to a lesser degree) accommodating and compromising conflict handling styles are effective ex-post (i.e. after the destructive conflict) handling strategies. Forcing and avoidance conflict handling styles can escalate destructive conflict and should be completely avoided by outsourcing partners at all times. Practical implications The benefits of outsourcing outweigh its challenges. Trust and commitment are positively affected by ex-ante and ex-post (destructive conflict) strategies. Destructive conflicts (or the bad apple effect) can be contained through these strategies. Firms should leverage the upsides of outsourcing relationships and contain the downsides by integrating long-term orientation and ethical norms that can help to pre-empt and forestall destructive conflict. They should adopt an integrative conflict handling strategy in the event of a manifest conflict. Other strategies that can be applied to manifest conflict (albeit more sparingly) are accommodating and compromising strategies. Each has the potential to increase trust and commitment in the relationship. Originality/value The authors unveil before and after (the destructive conflict) handling strategies that do not depend on contextual factors or industry/sectoral differences.
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CZACHOR, Rafał. "THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT AS A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF ASYMMETRIC CONFLICT." Journal of Science of the Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces 185, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5119.
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The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh is one of the most serious conflicts in the post-USSR area. The aim of the article is to present this conflict in the asymmetric paradigm. Features of the conflict have been characterized respectively and the conflict has been interpreted based on the analysis of the legal status of the conflict sides as well as the goals, strategies and resources the sides’ disposition. Referring to the asymmetric conflict paradigm allows for a new interpretation not only of its nature, but also of causes of the current state and the uncertainty regarding its further development.
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Mohammed, Walied Salim. "Political elite and peacebuilding mechanisms in post-conflict societies." Tikrit Journal For Political Science, no. 16 (July 2, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v0i16.140.
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The research discusses the mechanisms that could change fragile peace, achieved after conflict in unstable societies, into sustainable one. This process will not be achieved if the political elite doesn't have a sufficient political and social consciousness that enables it to manage conflict and transfer it into peace, consequently, seeking to promote peace foundations through adopting two types of strategies. First, short-range strategies, related to transitional justice, tolerance, reconciliation, and compensation. Second, long-range strategies, related to re-engineering political culture of society and achieving socio-economic development, besides the integration among different groups, a matter that means dedicating and sustaining peace.
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Toró, Tibor. "Hungarian Minority Politics in Post-Socialist Romania: Interests, Strategies, and Discourses." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseur-2016-0022.
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Abstract This paper analyses the integration strategies formulated by the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania and the Hungarian political elite in the post-communist period. It argues that the internal debates of the political community are formulated in a field where other actors (the Hungarian and the Romanian state, political parties, European institutions, etc.) carry out their activities, which deeply influences both the chosen strategies and the needed resources for their implementation. Moreover, it questions the monolithic organization of the minority organization, showing that DAHR as the representative of the minority community was shaped by several internal debates and conflicts. Also from 2003 these conflicts have grown beyond the borders of the organization and since 2008 we can follow a whole new type of institutionalization. In achieving this, I introduce three strategies - individual integration, collective integration, and organizational integration - which are chosen by different fragments of the Hungarian minority elite both toward the Hungarian and the Romanian political sphere. Throughout the 1989-2012 period, the outcome of the conflict between the supporters of these strategies is deeply influenced by the policies of the two states.
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Desire, ASSAMOI Seraphim. "The Issue of Education in Post-Conflict Reconstruction through the Transitional Justice Process: The Case of Côte D’Ivoire." Frontiers in Education Technology 3, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): p141. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fet.v3n4p141.
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The inclusion of education in post-conflict reconstruction in a transitional justice process goes far beyond physical construction and educational facilities to become part of national educational planning and policy. The issue of education in post-conflict periods is at the level of the national education system in general and of educational policies and strategies in particular. In Côte d’Ivoire, as in other countries emerging from violent conflict, even if the issue of education can be identified in the structural and direct causes of the occurrence of conflicts, it must be recognized that the impact of these conflicts on education remains considerable at different levels. Thus, taking account of its consequences in post-conflict reconstruction in the context of transitional justice is of great interest both for its contribution to economic growth and for the promotion of fundamental human rights and social cohesion. A full involvement of education in the transitional justice process is a real potential for mutual reinforcement in the reconstruction process. Practical synergies between education and transitional justice call for closer collaboration between education and transitional justice actors.
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Saxon, L., N. Makhashvili, I. Chikovani, M. Seguin, M. McKee, V. Patel, J. Bisson, and B. Roberts. "Coping strategies and mental health outcomes of conflict-affected persons in the Republic of Georgia." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 3 (January 25, 2016): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000019.
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Aims.Adults who experienced the 1992 and 2008 armed conflicts in the Republic of Georgia were exposed to multiple traumatic events and stressors over many years. The aim was to investigate what coping strategies are used by conflict-affected persons in Georgia and their association with mental disorders.Method.A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3600 adults, representing internally displaced persons (IDPs) from conflicts in the 1990s (n = 1200) and 2008 (n = 1200) and former IDPs who returned to their homes after the 2008 conflict (n = 1200). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and coping strategies were measured using the Trauma Screening Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalised Anxiety and adapted version of the Brief Coping Inventory, respectively. Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were used.Results.Coping strategies such as use of humour, emotional support, active coping, acceptance and religion were significantly associated with better mental health outcomes. Coping strategies of behavioural and mental disengagement, denial, venting emotions, substance abuse and gambling were significantly associated with poorer mental health outcomes. The reported use of coping strategies varied significantly between men and women for 8 of the 15 strategies addressed.Conclusions.Many conflict-affected persons in Georgia are still suffering mental health problems years after the conflicts. A number of specific coping strategies appear to be associated with better mental health and should be encouraged and supported where possible.
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Hlavac, Jim. "Pre- and post-conflict language designations and language policies." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 27, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 238–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.27.2.04hla.
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This paper examines the reported actions and strategies of translators working in three closely related languages, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, which have recently undergone re-codification in countries that have greatly changed their language planning and language policy regulations. The legacy of former and unofficial designations such as ‘Serbo-Croatian’ or ‘Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian’ within the post-conflict situation is contextualised and translators’ decisionmaking processes and reported strategies in relation to language form and designation are examined. The paper seeks to demonstrate the explanatory power of Toury’s notion of norms as a framework to account for new regularities of practice. Texts identified to be different from their nominal code, or market requests to work from or into unofficial designations are now problematised and re-negotiated as secondary practices or a less commonly reported behaviour. The paper extends and applies the notion of norms to the social and occupational, macro-pragmatic role that translators occupy.
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Seraphin, Hugues, Anca C. Yallop, Alexandru Capatîna, and Vanessa GB Gowreesunkar. "Heritage in tourism organisations’ branding strategy: the case of a post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destination." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-05-2017-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the link between history (heritage) and tourism marketing (destination branding). More specifically, the paper focusses on how heritage is used by private- and public-sector tourism organisations of post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster (PCCD) destinations in their branding strategy. In particular, the paper investigates how these organisations use heritage in their branding and logo design. Design/methodology/approach Within the paradigm of theory building and exploratory approach, this conceptual study is based on a narrative literature review and analysis of research and secondary data on Haiti. The study uses visual research methods to examine and reveal the basis and composition of logos of both private- and public-sector organisations in Haiti. Findings The findings of this paper suggest that capturing the essence of the destination is critical for any visual identification (i.e. logos), and that the visual identification can either adjust representation of past events to the time being (heritage) or move away from the past with clear expectations for the future. Such findings are reflected within the new marketing strategies adopted by the Haitian destination marketing organisation (DMO) and a private resort that we used as examples. Both moved from an idiosyncratic identity-based logo to a universal “sea-and-sun” stereotyped one that goes against heritage for which authenticity is the most important criterion. Practical implications The findings of this research may help destination managers in general, and DMOs in PCCD destinations in particular, to design logos aligned with their marketing and branding strategies. The findings of the paper may also assist industry experts in designing logos that communicate with potential tourists, by leveraging heritage to influence their emotion and decision making. Originality/value This paper represents one of the first papers in tourism research that examines branding strategies of both public and private sectors in the context of Haiti. The research contributes to the body of knowledge on heritage and destination marketing by exploring the role of heritage in the Caribbean area’s branding and marketing strategies.
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Sheng, Sixin. "Emotional Conflicts and Coping Strategies: The Case of Life Insurance Agents in China." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 27, no. 2 (September 17, 2009): 6–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v27i2.2526.
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Through analysing Chinese life insurance agents’ emotional conflicts and coping strategies, this study tries to reveal organization and work’s impact on the agents. Because organizational and working rules are often inconsistent with social norms and personal feelings, life insurance agents easily experience negative emotions and conflicts. Various strategies that make efforts to solve this kind of conflict may trigger off some new emotional problems, and they probably make agents’ emotional conflicts worse as well. In a way, emotional alienation has become a necessity for service workers in the post-industrial society, and that means individuals’ emotions and regulations are subject to the demand of organization and work, but deviate from themselves and social rules.
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Saliba, Robert. "Studio culture / war culture: pedagogical strategies for reconstructing Beirut's southern suburbs." Architectural Research Quarterly 17, no. 2 (June 2013): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135513000523.
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The article focuses on a critique of three different approaches to undergraduate architecture design studio teaching around the scenario of post-conflict reconstruction in Lebanon following the Hezbollah-Israeli war in 2006. Broadly, the author argues for the value of their own politically-engaged/critical teaching method over politically ‘neutral’ humanitarian, or radical but politically pre-disposed approaches. In addition to the relevance of how the topic of post-conflict reconstruction in architectural teaching relates to questions of political ‘positionality’, the article also offers an insight into the challenging political environment faced by academics in Lebanon and how this highlights the ethical limits of ‘apoliticality’.
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Juhari, Juhari, and Zulfadli Zulfadli. "INTERACTION BETWEEN RELIGIOUS PEOPLE POST SOCIAL CONFLICT IN ACEH SINGKIL DISTRICT." Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 19, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v19i2.3683.
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The case Singkil district in October 2015 in the form of inter-religious clashes that led to the burning of churches and loss of life is the fact that social interaction anatar religious adherents in the district of Gunung Meriah has not gone well. This study focused on the background of conflict, the interaction between religious communities after conflict and efforts to foster religious harmony after a conflict in Aceh Singkil. This study used a qualitative approach by using in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and study the documentation as data collection techniques. The results showed that the social conflict between religious communities is part of the social dynamics that occur in the community that stretches the inter-religious relations, but on the other hand can strengthen internal solidarity respective faiths. Forms of social interaction leads to the associative process and found to be also the potential that may lead to forms of dissociative interaction. Other forms of social interaction among religions is mutual cooperation, kinship, mutual silaturrahmi and respect among religions. The search results show that during the Aceh Singkil district government has sought to provide guidance to inter-religious harmony though not maximized. This is evident from the Government's efforts impressed yet to find effective strategies for conflict resolution that is holistic, systemic and regenerative. Then it can be predicted that the events of religious conflicts are still likely to occur in the future, both in the district of Gunung Meriah and elsewhere, especially in the district of Aceh Singkil.
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Séraphin, Hugues, and Vanessa G. B. Gowreesunkar. "Conclusion: what marketing strategy for destinations with a negative image?" Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2017-0036.
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Purpose This concluding paper filters out meaningful marketing strategies that could be used to re-position and re-establish tourism destinations struggling with negative image. Drawing from a collection of case studies around the world, this paper aims to provide evidence from post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations to anchor the overall conclusion of the theme issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper summarizes key issues faced by destinations plagued with a negative image and identifies adaptive marketing strategies based on existing marketing theories and success stories from struggling destinations. Findings Destinations with a negative image are mostly post-colonial, post-conflict or post disaster destinations (or all of the three combined), and despite their poor (if no) marketing strategies, they continue to struggle to find their share in the tourism market. This paper highlights four main challenges of such destinations and proposes that adaptive marketing strategies can turn the situation of struggling destinations to a situation of emerging destinations. Marketing strategies that are cited in this theme are based on empirical evidence and they are communication strategy, differentiation and promotion of responsible and health tourism, heritage tourism, cluster tourism and the involvement of destination marketing organisations. Originality/value This paper takes a somewhat different approach and proposes adaptive marketing strategies for struggling destinations. These are based on the notion that the consequences of not addressing negative image also impacts on established destinations that have to cope with increased capacity. The value of this paper is that it draws from empirical evidence, each unique in their own right and re-establishes how post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations could improve while highlighting their potential and limiting factors.
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Vogt, Manuel. "The Disarticulated Movement: Barriers to Maya Mobilization in Post-Conflict Guatemala." Latin American Politics and Society 57, no. 1 (2015): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2015.00260.x.
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AbstractOver the last decades, indigenous movements have propelled the political empowerment of historically marginalized groups in Latin America. The Maya struggle for ethnic equality in Guatemala, however, since its reawakening during the peace process, has reached an impasse. Based on field research consisting of dozens of elite interviews, this article analyzes the patterns of and obstacles to present-day Maya mobilization. It combines movement-internal and -external factors in an overarching theoretical argument about indigenous movements' capacity to construct strong collective voices. In the Guatemalan case, organizational sectorization, the lack of elite consensus on key substantive issues, and unclear alliance strategies compromise the effectiveness of horizontal voice among Maya organizations. These problems are exacerbated by the lasting effects of the country's unique history of violence and state strategies of divide and rule, preventing the emergence of a strong vertical voice capable of challenging the Guatemalan state.
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Lachowski, Tomasz. "How to Reckon with Past Evils? Rethinking Transitional Justice Strategies in Post-Authoritarian and Post-Conflict Environments." Polish Political Science Yearbook 46, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2017218.
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Islam, Mohammad Tarikul. "Conflict Resolution and Civil Society: Experiences of Nepal in Post-Maoist Revolution." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 21, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598417728858.
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Peacemaking involves a set of goals, policies, and strategies, and those are directed to prevent the occurrence of armed conflicts and to avoid violence. Peacemaking solicits a legitimate framework through which all actors could peacefully participate in social, economic, and political life of the nation. The role of civil society groups in peacebuilding has not been adequately discussed in both academic writings and policy analysis of Nepal. The pro-democracy movement jointly launched by the Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN-M) witnessed a shift in the political landscape of Nepal, bringing an end to the decade-old Maoist insurgency as King Gyanendra stepped down on April 24, 2006. Therefore, the study carefully exemplifies the various activities which different civil society groups performed and attempted to analyze their roles in the prolonged process of peacebuilding. The responsibilities of civil society in Nepal, particularly in the aftermath of Maoist Revolution, are found to be focused and calculated, and effective to some extent. Collective efforts of different civil society groups helped to restart searching common ground for conflict mediation and peace in Nepal after a decade-long Maoist conflict. The underlying community interests for conflict resolution have been the business for all and where civil society has a spirited stake.
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Komatsu, Taro. "Navigating a Divided Society: Educational Research Strategies for Post-Conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina." Research in Comparative and International Education 7, no. 2 (January 2012): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2012.7.2.146.
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Gurdalli, Huriye. "Spatial co-transformation through socio-cultural resilience strategies in post-conflict divided Nicosia." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.01.018.
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Suarez, Andres, Paola Arias-Arévalo, Eliana Martinez-Mera, Juan Carlos Granobles-Torres, and Tatiana Enríquez-Acevedo. "Involving victim population in environmentally sustainable strategies: An analysis for post-conflict Colombia." Science of The Total Environment 643 (December 2018): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.262.
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Lunze, Karsten, and Fatima I. Lunze. "Addressing the burden of post-conflict surgical disease – Strategies from the North Caucasus." Global Public Health 6, no. 6 (September 2011): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.557667.
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Dahal, Kedar. "Livelihood and coping strategies among urban poor people in post-conflict period: Case of the Kathmandu, Nepal." Geographical Journal of Nepal 10 (May 31, 2017): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v10i0.17391.
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Kathmandu is receiving large number of poor immigrants from the neighbouring districts. Many of them are living in the temporary or semi-permanent structure of dwelling on the bank of the river Bagmati and its tributaries. A traumatic experience of an unprecedented decade long armed conflict in Nepal between government security force and Maoist insurgents between 1996-2005 forced people migrate to the safer zones for their livelihood security, particularly in the urban areas like Kathmandu. As a consequence an increase in landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, livelihood insecurity, and disruption of the social fabric have been noticed. Now the country is in the post-conflict phase. This study, therefore, seeks to explore coping strategies of the poor people residing in Kathmandu in post-conflict phase by using primary data collected from sampled household based on multi-stage sampling procedures. Livelihood of the poor people is highly influenced by the armed conflict in the past. But the post-conflict phase is characterized by increasing mobility, expanding knowledge and opportunities. Working farther from the place of residence, change in food habits, mutual cooperation and borrowing are important coping strategies adopted by the poor people living in the poverty pockets.The Geographical Journal of Nepal Vol. 10: 73-88, 2017
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Elkahlout, Ghassan. "Post-conflict housing reconstruction in the Gaza Strip." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-03-2019-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of using the agency-driven housing approach in a post-conflict context. This paper aims to identify the challenges in applying the agency-driven approach within the context of post-conflict housing reconstruction in the Gaza Strip. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and representatives of project beneficiaries. Secondary data drawn from academic papers, articles, technical reports and media reports were also obtained. Findings The findings support doubts in the literature about the feasibility of using the agency-driven approach in post-conflict housing reconstruction. The paper concludes that an agency-driven housing project successfully constructed a few thousand housing units and provided thousands of temporary job opportunities. The project encountered challenges in beneficiary selection; affordability of housing units; access to building materials; governance issues; and delays in implementation. Practical implications This paper offers valuable lessons for decision-makers, planners and architects to build on in future endeavours in Gaza and in similar contexts. Originality/value This paper particularly confirms the challenges of using the agency-driven housing approach in a post-conflict setting. These findings are useful for policy-makers to develop relevant strategies to address housing needs in the Gaza Strip.
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Séraphin, Hugues, and Vanessa G. B. Gowreesunkar. "Introduction: what marketing strategy for destinations with a negative image?" Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2017-0035.
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Purpose This introductory paper aims to provide an overview of the significance of the theme issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper sheds lights on issues that post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations are facing, and more importantly provides strategies to overcome the issues. The solutions are tailored to the particular profile of the destination. Findings For post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations to enhance their image to potential visitors and to be able to compete equally with established destinations, it is important to provide solutions that are tailor-made to their own situation and circumstances, as one size does not fit all. Originality/value The value of this paper is that it re-visits the realities faced by post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations while highlighting their potentials and barriers.
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Umar, S., and B. F. Umar. "Coping Strategies among Farmers and Herders during Post Conflict Situation in the Kaindji Dam Area of Yauri Emirate, Kebbi State, Nigeria." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 19 (December 2013): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.19.234.
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This study examines the coping strategies among farmers and herders during post-conflict situation in Kainji dam area of Yauri Emirate, Kebbi State Nigeria. The study was conducted in the 3 Local Government Areas of the Emirate. Purposive sampling was used to select twelve villages in the LGAs (4 villages/ LGA). 16 respondents were randomly selected for data collection, to obtain a total of 192 respondents. The result of the study reveals that the average uses of problem-oriented coping strategies score among farmers were 51.8 %, Herders 50.5 %. The use of emotion-oriented coping strategies score among farmers and herders were 38.4 %, 59.7 %, respectively and the average use of social support coping strategies among farmers and herders were 30.0 %, 28.5 % respectively. The study recommends that Government and other donor organizations should assist the conflict actors with relief materials during conflict situation, so that they can cope with the stress and resume normal production activity.
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HUGHES, CAROLINE. "The politics of knowledge: ethnicity, capacity and return in post-conflict reconstruction policy." Review of International Studies 37, no. 4 (May 12, 2011): 1493–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210511000210.
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AbstractA new casting of diasporas, exiles and returnees as potentially transformative agents in post-conflict polities is the topic of this article. ‘Return of Qualified Expatriates’ programmes have recently been launched by international agencies in a number of post-conflict countries in an attempt to promote better capacity-building within post-conflict states institutions. This article argues that the ostensible technical orientation of these programmes is misleading, and they have a political significance which is noted and contested locally. In political terms, they represent attempts to smuggle Western hierarchies of knowledge into post-conflict reconstruction efforts under the cover of ethnic solidarity, to the detriment of local participation and empowerment. The article argues further that this is always contested by interested parties locally, often by mobilising alternative capacities, labelled ‘authentic’, in opposition. As such, strategies that attempt to use ethnic ties to overcome this local contestation are placing a significant burden on ethnic categories that are slippery, malleable and contested in post-conflict contexts. These points are demonstrated with reference to the cases of Cambodia and Timor-Leste.
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Palmer, Lisa, and Andrew McWilliam. "Spirit Ecologies and Customary Governance in Post-conflict Timor-Leste." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 175, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 474–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17504003.
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Abstract In post-conflict Timor-Leste, the concepts of spirit ecologies and intergenerational wellbeing direct our attention to the ways in which Timorese people derive strength from house-based family networks as well as protective and productive spiritual relations with living nature. These practices of exchange resonate with a comparative body of research that has described similar ‘spiritscapes’ elsewhere in Southeast Asia and their relevance for social and environmental governance. Exploring the diverse ontologies of particular Timorese ‘spirit ecologies’ and their embedding in a concept of more-than-human ‘intergenerational wellbeing’, in this article we investigate the renewed significance of these ‘house-based’ practices for social and environmental governance in Timor-Leste. We argue that despite the challenges, multiple engagements of mutually appropriated, transgenerational debt obligations and ritually regulated forms of resource governance are emerging as cultural, and increasingly state-sanctioned, strategies aimed at rebuilding the social and environmental commons.
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Ubillos-Landa, Silvia, Alicia Puente-Martínez, Gina Arias-Rodríguez, Marcela Gracia-Leiva, and José Luis González-Castro. "Coping Strategies Used by Female Victims of the Colombian Armed Conflict: The Women in the Colombian Conflict (MUCOCO) Program." SAGE Open 9, no. 4 (July 2019): 215824401989407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019894072.
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The effects of armed conflict on women in post-conflict situations are an area of analysis for social disciplines. This study will analyze the situation in Colombia, currently involved in a peace restoration process. The aim is to verify the efficacy of a coping and emotion regulation program analyzing victimization as well as the coping strategies employed in response to these violent acts. The program focuses on 62 women contacted through the Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres, a nongovernmental organization. The program had a positive effect on women, reporting lower levels of posttraumatic stress, more functional coping strategies, and less use of dysfunctional strategies. All emotional cognitive and social indicators improved. Women felt emotionally better, perceiving greater social support and more trust in institutions. Survivors had more self-confidence to achieve their goals and solve their problems. The implications in a context of peace reconstruction and search for social cohesion are discussed.
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Korpi, Walter. "Political and Economic Explanations for Unemployment: A Cross-National and Long-Term Analysis." British Journal of Political Science 21, no. 3 (July 1991): 315–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006189.
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This article shows that the widely accepted supply shock and real wage gap explanation of increases in unemployment rates since 1973 has only limited empirical support. The causal factors behind unemployment are best understood by focusing on conflicts of interest in Western democracies, on the distribution of power resources between major interest groups and on strategies of conflict. Given economic constraints, from this perspective unemployment appears as the labour market expression of distributive conflict, alternatives to which are inflation and industrial disputes. Strategic action by government elites and long-term patterns in settling conflicts are major factors behind the two great transformations of Western unemployment levels – the introduction of full employment in the immediate post-war period and the return to high unemployment since 1973 – as well as in variations in unemployment among eighteen Western democracies.
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Cusato, Eliana. "Back to the Future? Confronting the Role(s) of Natural Resources in Armed Conflict Through the Lenses of Truth and Reconciliation Commissions." International Community Law Review 19, no. 4-5 (September 26, 2017): 373–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12340030.
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Abstract Natural resources are critical factors in the transition from conflict to peace. Whether they contributed to, financed or fuelled armed conflict, failure to integrate natural resources into post-conflict strategies may endanger the chances of a long-lasting and sustainable peace. This article explores how Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (trcs), as transitional justice institutions, can contribute to addressing the multifaceted role of natural resources in armed conflict. Drawing insights from the practice of the Sierra Leonean and Liberian trcs in this area, the article identifies several ways in which truth-seeking bodies may reinforce post-conflict accountability and avoid the future reoccurrence of abuses and conflict by actively engaging with the natural resource-conflict link. As it is often the case with other transitional justice initiatives, trcs’ engagement with the role of natural resources in armed conflict brings along opportunities and challenges, which are contextual and influenced by domestic and international factors.
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Schwartz, Lleij Samuel, and Saeed A. Aden. "Educational Leadership During Times of Armed Conflict: Thailand’s Lessons for Somalia." International Journal of Education 9, no. 4 (November 15, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v9i4.11566.
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In this theoretical paper, the authors present the results of a collaborative effort to construct a teaching case centered on the challenges of educational leadership in the context of regions affected by the Somali insurgency. Noting a paucity of research in educational leadership for institutions situated in conflict zones, the authors present findings from prior research on educational leadership conducted in the restive southern provinces of Thailand that have the potential to be successfully applied in the similar context of post-conflict Somalia. The authors posit that comparative social policy methodology might be successful in identifying common challenges educational leaders in conflict zones around the world face, and leadership strategies that address those challenges.
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Mourad, Khaldoon A., and Helen Avery. "The Sustainability of Post-Conflict Development: The Case of Algeria." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113036.
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The Algerian civil war, 1992–2002, affected all aspects of life in the country. Major development efforts were therefore initiated in the post-conflict era. Almost 20 years later, the economy remains fragile, and the country’s large hydrocarbon revenues have not been used to develop the infrastructure for sustainability, support energy transition or reduce structural vulnerabilities. This paper provides an overview of Algerian development strategies before and after the conflict, examining in particular the orientation of major development projects involving foreign financing. Two rural development programmes are described to illustrate the outcomes of such projects. The results show that the conflict stopped or hindered many ongoing and planned development projects in the country, especially in the agriculture sector, while new investments in industry started after the conflict. The review of individual development projects further revealed that many projects between 1980–2017 had doubtful benefits with respect to long-term development goals. Initiatives tended to be discontinued once the funding period closed, and the involvement of the private sector was low. It is therefore concluded that additional attention needs to be devoted to long-term and structural impacts of development projects, including considerations regarding sustainability, demographics, and climate-related future changes.
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Mojalefa, Mamoeletsi Limakatso. "Union Strategies of Addressing Conflicts at the National University of Lesotho." Business Management and Strategy 12, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v12i1.18617.
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This paper discusses the strategies that are used by the unions to address industrial conflict at the National university of Lesotho (NUL). Content analysis was undertaken to understand the interviewee’s responses and the NUL policy documents. The strategies are analyzed within the policy context, pre-industrial action, industrial action and post-industrial action. The study also shows that unions at the higher education institutions consult with other unions in the sector and, where other strategies have failed, they resort to either industrial action or legal process to resolve conflicts at the workplace. The findings further show that unions employ widespread communication between their members to share new development in the negotiation process. The findings reveal that strategies which unions normally adopt at NUL are: constant consultations and joint decision making, strikes/industrial action, work to rule, negotiations, collective bargaining, taking legal process and communication of possible ideas and solutions.
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Opongo, Elias O. "Transitional justice discourse in post-conflict societies in Africa: introduction." Journal of the British Academy 9s2 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s2.001.
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Post-conflict reconstruction has emerged as one the major issues of concern in Africa in the last three decades. Since the end of the Cold War following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, many African countries embraced multiparty systems that expanded democratic spaces. With this came the claim to justice and consciousness on the need to reconstruct a new vision of the nation, a vision that is based on social cohesion. This led to calls for democratisation in a number of African countries as well as in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and, in particular, former Soviet Union countries. In Africa, the approach taken by different countries varied from elaborate transitional justice processes that involved truth commissions to national dialogue processes that called for political compromise without putting into place any formal transitional justice process. The articles in this supplementary issue on transitional justice discourse in post-conflict societies in Africa draw attention to diverse contextual issues on post-conflict reconstruction in the continent. These articles bring together divergent discourses, experiences, theorisations, and interpretations of transitional processes while calling for a new way of assessing truth-telling processes within the purview of legal frameworks, gender and cultural sensitivities, peace sustainability, and conflict resolution strategies in Africa. The articles open up debate on the extent to which transitional justice processes contribute to peace and sustainability in Africa, and what could be done to improve this important post-conflict reconstruction initiative.
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Ruhe, Constantin, and Iris Volg. "Sticks and carrots for peace: The effect of manipulative mediation strategies on post-conflict stability." Research & Politics 8, no. 2 (April 2021): 205316802110183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20531680211018368.
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Mediation is widely used to settle armed conflict and interstate crises. However, the debate over the most appropriate and effective mediation strategy is still ongoing. In particular, manipulative mediation is controversial, with some research indicating that heavy-handed mediation may buy short-term peace at the expense of an instable long-term situation. This paper re-evaluates these claims. We discuss how existing theoretical arguments either do not imply long-term instability or implicitly make unrealistic assumptions to explain possible long-term problems of manipulative strategies. We re-examine published empirical evidence for problematic long-term effects of manipulative mediation in interstate crises. We demonstrate statistically that this evidence actually implies a different conclusion and instead supports our theoretical argument: manipulative mediation is associated with substantively greater stability compared to unmediated cases, although this effect weakens and becomes statistically insignificant after several years. Interestingly, non-manipulative mediation appears to be uncorrelated with post-crisis stability, based on our analysis.
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Mirza, Muhammad Nadeem, Hussain Abbas, and Irfan Hasnain Qaisrani. "Anatomising Syrian crisis: Enumerating actors, motivations, and their strategies (2011-2019)." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.4.
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Syrian crisis started as a domestic uprising against President Bashar-ul-Assad, and soon engulfed not only the neighbouring states, but also extra-regional great powers. This study tries to anatomise the crisis by addressing the nature of the actors lying at domestic, regional, and system levels, who have rendered the conflict its multifaceted nature. The main question this study addresses is: What are the actors and factors that have contributed to the complexity of the Syrian Civil War and why has this conflict degenerated into a prolonged violent engagement between different groups? While using the theoretical prism of contentious theory of civil war developed by Adrian Florea and in-depth qualitative case study as methodological tool, this study hypothesizes that grievances at the domestic level have resulted in the onset of the conflict in Syria, which was later exacerbated and prolonged by the rise of ISIS and strategic competition among the regional and system level powers. The study concludes that, though the crisis is not over yet, increasing interests and overtures by Saudi Arabia and the domestic growing Syrian animosity towards Iran has opened new avenues for regional and extra-regional involvement in the post-conflict reconstruction for effective governance, peace, and stability in Syria.
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Jenkins, Eva L., Jasmina Ilicic, Annika Molenaar, Shinyi Chin, and Tracy A. McCaffrey. "Strategies to Improve Health Communication: Can Health Professionals Be Heroes?" Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061861.
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Communicating evidence-based nutrition messages to the public is challenging and is often in conflict with popular opinions, particularly from social media influencers (SMIs). In order to increase engagement with nutrition professionals (NPs) on social media, we aimed to explore young adults’ perceptions of the authenticity and trustworthiness of SMIs and NPs Instagram posts. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to students (n = 149) from an Australian University. Participants viewed a real-life Instagram profile and one post from both a NP and a SMI. Main outcomes were post authenticity and trustworthiness, and emotional message appeals measured on five-point Likert scales. Regression models were developed to assess whose post (the NP or SMI) was perceived to be more authentic and trustworthy. Participants were young adults (median age (25th, 75th percentiles): 20 (19,21)), with approximately half identifying as female. A high heroic message appeal (+1SD above mean) significantly increased the perceived authenticity of the NPs post only (p = 0.01). Post authenticity enhanced post trustworthiness, but only when a heroic message appeal was used by the NP. When appropriate, NPs should convey positive emotions such as bravery and success to enhance the authenticity and trustworthiness of their posts.
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Mohanty, Rabindra K. "The Extant of Conflict among Marginalised Communities: A Study in Kandhamal District of Odisha." Sociological Bulletin 66, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022917708452.
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The task of conflict analysis is to unravel the complex dynamics of interactive processes in order to understand how and why people resort to violence. Based on the field research, this article seeks to analyse the following: (a) to study the causal dynamics and structural characteristics of the manifestation of violent conflict in Kandhamal; (b) to assess the role played by governmental organisations and non-governmental organisations in the pre- and post-conflict situation; (c) to explain the post-conflict scenario in terms of its immediate and long-term impact and (d) to conclude with analysis of the policy implications and to suggest strategies for establishment of peace in the area on sustainable basis. This study represents an exploratory and descriptive research design. Sources of data included both secondary and primary in nature.
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Santos, Ana Paula Azevedo, Silvia Helena Henriques Camelo, Fabiana Cristina dos Santos, Laura Andrian Leal, and Beatriz Regina da Silva. "Nurses in post-operative heart surgery: professional competencies and organization strategies." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 50, no. 3 (June 2016): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420160000400014.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze nurses' competencies with regard to their work in post-operative heart surgery and the strategies implemented to mobilize these competencies. METHOD This was an exploratory study with a qualitative approach and a methodological design of collective case study. It was carried out in three post-operative heart surgery units, consisting of 18 nurses. Direct observation and semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data. Data were construed through thematic analysis. RESULTS nine competencies were found, as follows: theoretical-practical knowledge; high-complexity nursing care; nursing supervision; leadership in nursing; decision making; conflict management; personnel management; material and financial resources management; and on-job continued education. Organizational and individual strategies were employed to develop and improve competencies such as regular offerings of courses and lectures, in addition to the individual pursuit for knowledge and improvement. CONCLUSION the study is expected to lead future nurses and training centers to evaluate the need for furthur training required to work in cardiac units, and also the need for implementing programs aimed at developing the competencies of these professionals.
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Herța, Laura-Maria. "Hybrid Warfare – A Form of Asymmetric Conflict." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0021.
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AbstractFor a few decades now, a vivid scholarly discussion centred on new forms of conflict has been developing. Military historians and political scientists entered into debates building consistent pro and counter-arguments about whether armed conflict at the end of the 20thcentury and beginning of the 21st century features novel aspects. Several concepts have been coined in order to describe the nature and dynamic of warfare in a post-clausewitzian/post-conventional era, such as new wars, Fourth Generation Warfare, compound wars and last, but not least, hybrid warfare. This article will briefly present the core of each category and will stress hybrid warfare as most recent development of such intellectual categories. The main argument defended here is that hybrid wars are a contemporary feature of global politics, mostly associated with non-state actors (such as terrorist groups) and with Russia’s strategies in eastern Ukraine, but also that they are a form of asymmetric conflict.
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Feng, Min, and Driss Bourazzouq. "An Action Research on a French Law Firm." Journal of Technological Advancements 1, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jta.20210101.oa5.
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This study qualitatively analyzes interactional coping strategies used to managed technostress in the post-adoption stage of information technology implementation at a French legal firm. The nine strategies are participatory, collaborative, conflict resolution, bureaucratic coping (adaptation), perceived contribution to exchange, loyalty, affect, professional respect, and mutual trust. A critical perspective was applied to a longitudinal study of the intervention process. First, a problem with task distribution at the individual level affected the efficacy of perceived contribution strategies to exchange and professional enhancement. Second, a lack of creative interaction between group level colleagues undermined strategies of collaboration, mutual aid and assistance, participatory adaptation, and mutual trust. Third, a lack of digitalization commitment at the organizational level negatively affected conflict resolution and bureaucratic adjustment. Finally, an absence of loyalty and affect strategies was evident.
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Mestanza-Ramón, Carlos, and José Luis Jiménez-Caballero. "Nature Tourism on the Colombian—Ecuadorian Amazonian Border: History, Current Situation, and Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084432.
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Global conflicts can severely affect a nation’s tourism activities. Tourism can also be seriously affected by health problems such as epidemics or pandemics. It is important to establish strategies to be prepared for adverse situations. The objective of this study focused on analyzing nature tourism from a post-conflict and post-COVID-19 situation in the Amazonian border of Colombia (Department of Putumayo) and Ecuador (Province of Sucumbíos), which will contribute to establishing future strategic management scenarios. In order to respond to this objective, a systematic bibliographic review was carried out, accompanied by fieldwork (interviews). The results indicate that in the face of adverse situations, the tourism industry has the capacity to be resilient. The success of its recovery will be directly proportional to its capacity to create policies and strategies that allow it to take advantage of natural resources and turn them into an opportunity for the socioeconomic development of its population.
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Perlina, Mia. "DISCURSIVE STRATEGIES OF NEWS PRESENTATION IN THE SELECTED ONLINE NEWSPAPERS." Lexeme : Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 1, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/ljlal.v1i1.2478.
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AbstractResearch on media language has still attracted a great deal of attention from discourse analysts due to the fact that the news delivered may vary, following the issues growing in society. This study, then, concentrated on the news reports regarding the issue of KPK vs. Polri conflict in three selected online newspapers, namely The Jakarta Post, the Jakarta Globe, and Tempo.Co. By adopting Bell’s (2007) work, the study analyzed the news text structure at the discourse level, where it dealt with the process of inclusion and exclusion in the headline, lead, and news scheme (contents). The data revealed that while The Jakarta Post (JP) tended to be objective in delivering the news in relation to Budi Gunawan’s case, the discursive strategy was practiced by The Jakarta Globe (JG) and Tempo through the news text structure at the discourse level. JG, in that case, gave the positive appraisal to Budi Gunawan (Polri) more than to KPK. Tempo, on the other hand, preferred to highlight the role of President Joko Widodo on Budi Gunawan’s case. In conclusion, the issue of media partiality in the news reports, especially on KPK vs. Polri conflict, can still be found even though it exactly opposes to journalism ethics and standards. Owing to this, it is suggested that media should pay more attention to the neutrality and objectivity in every news report.Keywords: CDA, Media, Partiality, Representation