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Journal articles on the topic 'Post-apartheid urban development'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Visser, Gustav. "Social Justice, Integrated Development Planning and Post-apartheid Urban Reconstruction." Urban Studies 38, no. 10 (September 2001): 1673–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980120084813.

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2

Rogerson, Christian M. "Consolidating Local Economic Development in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Urban Forum 19, no. 3 (May 22, 2008): 307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-008-9035-8.

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3

Low, Murray, Richard Ballard, and Brij Maharaj. "Dilemmas of Representation in Post-apartheid Durban." Urban Forum 18, no. 4 (November 30, 2007): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-007-9019-0.

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4

Nel, Etienne, Trevor Hill, and Brij Maharaj. "Durban’s pursuit of economic development in the post-apartheid era." Urban Forum 14, no. 2-3 (April 2003): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-003-0012-y.

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5

Oldfield, S. "Local state restructuring and urban transformation in post-apartheid Cape Town." GeoJournal 57, no. 1/2 (2002): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026068802114.

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6

Comrie, Henri. "A reflection on ten years of post-apartheid urban design praxis." URBAN DESIGN International 8, no. 3 (September 2003): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000104.

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7

Hermanson, Judith. "Equalising Housing Opportunities in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Open House International 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2005-b0014.

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Faced with a dearth of affordable housing opportunities, even after the end of Apartheid, residents from Motherwell, South Africa, turned to CHF International for help. CHF provided residents with the technical assistance, organisational support and bridging finance they needed to build their own high-quality homes, through a method that allowed the use of relatively unskilled labour. After helping residents form the Sakhezethu NgoManyano Housing Association and establishing the Assisted Self-Help Model, community members built a total of 395 safe and affordable houses to which they have full title. This model has been transferred throughout South Africa, with thousands of houses built using the concepts for the development of housing and community that it established.

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8

Marais, Lochner, and Skip Krige. "Post-apartheid housing policy and initiatives in South Africa." Urban Forum 10, no. 2 (June 1999): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036615.

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9

Rogerson, C. M. "Local economic development and urban poverty alleviation: the experience of post-apartheid South Africa." Habitat International 23, no. 4 (December 1999): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(99)00019-3.

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10

Bakker, Jan David, Christopher Parsons, and Ferdinand Rauch. "Migration and Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa." World Bank Economic Review 34, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy030.

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Abstract Although Africa has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades, little is known about the process of urbanization across the continent. This paper exploits a natural experiment, the abolition of South African pass laws, to explore how exogenous population shocks affect the spatial distribution of economic activity. Under apartheid, black South Africans were severely restricted in their choice of location, and many were forced to live in homelands. Following the abolition of apartheid they were free to migrate. Given a migration cost in distance, a town nearer to the homelands will receive a larger inflow of people than a more distant town following the removal of mobility restrictions. Drawing upon this exogenous variation, this study examines the effect of migration on urbanization in South Africa. While it is found that on average there is no endogenous adjustment of population location to a positive population shock, there is heterogeneity in the results. Cities that start off larger do grow endogenously in the wake of a migration shock, while rural areas that start off small do not respond in the same way. This heterogeneity indicates that population shocks lead to an increase in urban relative to rural populations. Overall, the evidence suggests that exogenous migration shocks can foster urbanization in the medium run.

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11

Pillay, Udesh. "Urban Policy in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Context, Evolution and Future Directions." Urban Forum 19, no. 2 (May 24, 2008): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-008-9038-5.

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12

Bond, Patrick, and Angela Tait. "The failure of housing policy in post-apartheid South Africa." Urban Forum 8, no. 1 (March 1997): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036607.

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13

Maharaj, Brij, Reshma Sucheran, and Vino Pillay. "Durban—A tourism Mecca? Challenges of the post-apartheid era." Urban Forum 17, no. 3 (July 2006): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-006-0012-9.

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14

Freund, Bill. "Is There Such a Thing as a Post-apartheid City?" Urban Forum 21, no. 3 (June 4, 2010): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-010-9087-4.

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15

Bond, Patrick, and Shauna Mottiar. "Terrains of Civil and Uncivil Society in Post-Apartheid Durban." Urban Forum 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-018-9351-6.

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16

Roberts, D. "Durban's Local Agenda 21 programme: tackling sustainable development in a post-apartheid city." Environment and Urbanization 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624780201400116.

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17

Bremner, Lindsay J. "Post-apartheid urban geography: A case study of Greater Johannesburg's Rapid Land Development Programme." Development Southern Africa 17, no. 1 (March 2000): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768350050003433.

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18

Bond, Patrick. "Local economic development and the municipal services crisis in post-apartheid South Africa." Urban Forum 9, no. 2 (June 1998): 159–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033049.

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19

Todes, Alison, and Jennifer Robinson. "Re-directing developers: New models of rental housing development to re-shape the post-apartheid city?" Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 2 (September 3, 2019): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19871069.

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The role of developers in shaping the built environment has attracted considerable critical attention, often focussing on the overbearing role of powerful, globalised actors in urban development. But there is also evidence that regulatory pathways shape outcomes. Through the case of a large-scale initiative in Johannesburg, South Africa, the “Corridors of Freedom”, we consider whether there is potential for developmental benefit to be gained from redirecting developer interest to create new kinds of built form. Linked to investment in a bus rapid transit system and agile bureaucracy, a model of closely managed low-income rental housing is emerging, although there is evidence of some displacement of the poorest from more informal housing. The study suggests the importance of reassessing the political complexion and potential of state–developer co-operation in urban development, and of looking more closely at the diversity of developers as well as the array of forms of finance mobilised for urban development beyond financialisation.

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20

Holness, Stephen, Etienne Nel, and Tony Binns. "The changing nature of informal street trading in post-apartheid South Africa." Urban Forum 10, no. 2 (June 1999): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036623.

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21

Gibbs, Timothy. "Apartheid South Africa's segregated legal field: black lawyers and the Bantustans." Africa 90, no. 2 (February 2020): 293–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019001050.

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AbstractThe history of South Africa's urban-based ‘struggle lawyers’ – a trajectory epitomized by Nelson Mandela – is much discussed by historians and biographers, reflecting a broader vein of historiography that celebrates anti-colonial legal activism. However, it was South Africa's ‘Native Reserves’ and Bantustans that produced the majority of African lawyers for much of the twentieth century. Indeed, two-thirds of the African justices who have sat on the post-apartheid Constitutional Court either practised or trained in the Bantustans during the apartheid era. The purpose of this article is thus to reappraise South Africa's ‘legal field’ – the complex relationship between professional formation, elite reproduction and the exercise of political power – by tracing the ambiguous role played by the Native Reserves/Bantustans in shaping the African legal profession across the twentieth century. How did African lawyers, persistently marginalized by century-long patterns of exclusion, nevertheless construct an elite profession within the confines of segregation and apartheid? How might we link the histories of the Bantustans with the better-known ‘struggle historiography’ that emphasizes the role of political and legal activism in the cities? And what are the implications of South Africa's segregated history for debates about the ‘decolonization’ of the legal profession in the post-apartheid era?

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22

Horn, Anele. "Telling Stories – A History of Growth Management in the Gauteng Province (South Africa)." European Spatial Research and Policy 17, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10105-010-0009-1.

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The sprawled nature of major South African cities can be attributed to a variety of reasons. The 1994 (post-apartheid) political shift, however, prompted cities and regions to plan for more equitable and accessible cities. Together with its three metropolitan municipalities, the Gauteng Province proved to be a pioneer in adopting an urban growth management approach (the Gauteng Urban Edge). Against the backdrop of a Provincial Spatial Development Framework, a Provincial Urban Edge was delineated within which local authorities were awarded the opportunity to refine a custom-made growth management strategy. In the absence of clear provincial direction, these strategies achieved various levels of success. This paper explores the urban growth management movement, its approaches and its expressions as witnessed in the case of Gauteng.

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23

MURRAY, MARTIN J. "Fire and Ice: Unnatural Disasters and the Disposable Urban Poor in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00835.x.

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24

SCHENSUL, DANIEL, and PATRICK HELLER. "Legacies, Change and Transformation in the Post-Apartheid City: Towards an Urban Sociological Cartography." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 35, no. 1 (December 16, 2010): 78–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00980.x.

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25

Mackay, C. J. "The development of housing policy in South Africa in the post apartheid period." Housing Studies 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673039608720849.

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26

CZEGLEDY, ANDRE P. "Getting Around Town: transportation and the built environment in post-apartheid South Africa." City Society 16, no. 2 (December 2004): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/city.2004.16.2.63.

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27

Parnell, Susan, and Owen Crankshaw. "The politics of ‘race’ and the transformation of the post-apartheid space economy." Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 28, no. 4 (April 16, 2013): 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-013-9345-6.

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28

Wilkinson, Peter. "Renegotiating local governance in a post-apartheid city: The case of Cape Town." Urban Forum 15, no. 3 (July 2004): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-004-0001-9.

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29

Turok, Ivan. "Deconstructing density: Strategic dilemmas confronting the post-apartheid city." Cities 28, no. 5 (October 2011): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2010.10.003.

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30

Nel, Etienne, and Tony Binns. "Place Marketing, Tourism Promotion, and Community based Local Economic Development in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Urban Affairs Review 38, no. 2 (November 2002): 184–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107808702762484088.

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31

Mokoena, B. T., T. Moyo, E. N. Makoni, and W. Musakwa. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELLING & THE NEW URBAN AGENDA IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 1327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1327-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper presents the potentialities of spatio-temporal modelling in transforming South Africa’s previously marginalised townships. Using the Katlehong township in Ekurhuleni as a case study, the paper argues that the hitherto marginalised townships can benefit from a localised implementation of smart-city concepts as articulated in the Integrated Urban Development Framework. Instead of viewing townships as spaces of perpetual despair and hopelessness, the paper appreciates these areas as having the potential to benefit from new smart innovative planning approaches that form part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. So, the discussion identifies smart transportation modes such as bicycle-sharing, as well as Bus Rapid Transit Networks as critical in promoting mobility in and beyond townships, while contributing to spatial integration and transformation. Using geolocation data, the paper concludes that formerly marginalised townships such as Katlehong can and must form part of the emergent smart cities in South Africa.</p>

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32

Steinbrink, Malte. "The Role of Amateur Football in Circular Migration Systems in South Africa." Africa Spectrum 45, no. 2 (August 2010): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500202.

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This article explores the significance of amateur football for the changing patterns of circular migration in post-Apartheid South Africa. Even after the end of Apartheid, the abolishment of the migrant labour system has not brought a decline of circular migration. The state-institutionalised system has merely been replaced by an informal system of translocal livelihood organisation. The new system fundamentally relies on social networks and complex rural-urban linkages. Mobile ways of life have evolved that can be classified as neither rural nor urban. Looking into these informal linkages can contribute to explaining the persistence of spatial and social disparities in “New South Africa”. This paper centres on an empirical, bi-local case study that traces the genesis of the socio-spatial linkages between a village in former Transkei and an informal settlement in Cape Town. The focus is on the relevance of football for the emergence and stabilisation of translocal network structures.

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33

Brueckner, Jan K. "WELFARE GAINS FROM REMOVING LAND-USE DISTORTIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN CHANGE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA*." Journal of Regional Science 36, no. 1 (February 1996): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01102.x.

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34

Hunter, Mark, and Dorrit Posel. "Here to work: the socioeconomic characteristics of informal dwellers in post-apartheid South Africa." Environment and Urbanization 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247811433537.

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Government policy towards informal settlements in south africa reflects a tension between two approaches: recognizing the legitimacy of informal settlements and aggressively removing these so-called “slums”.( 1 ) drawing on nationally representative household survey data and interviews with 25 individuals relocated from an informal settlement to a “transit camp”, this paper argues that more detailed attention should be paid to the changing connection between housing, household formation and work. Whereas cities in the apartheid era were marked by relatively stable industrial labour and racially segregated family housing, today the location and nature of informal dwellings are consistent with two important trends: demographic shifts, including towards smaller more numerous households, and employment shifts, including a move from permanent to casual and from formal to informal work. This study is therefore able to substantiate in more detail a longstanding insistence by informal settlement residents that they live where they do for reasons vital to their everyday survival. The paper also highlights the limitations of relocations not only to urban peripheries but also to other parts of cities, and it underscores the importance of upgrading informal settlements through in situ development.

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35

Kiefer, Karly, and Malini Ranganathan. "The Politics of Participation in Cape Town’s Slum Upgrading: The Role of Productive Tension." Journal of Planning Education and Research 40, no. 3 (March 21, 2018): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x18761119.

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This article studies Cape Town’s new slum “reblocking” paradigm, in which settlements are reorganized, housing upgraded, and services delivered in situ. Though not without structural and long-term challenges, research shows that for those waiting for post-apartheid housing, reblocking provides an alternative to eviction and resettlement. Through primary and secondary research over 2014–2016 on four reblocking pilot projects covering six hundred households, we argue that reblocking hinges not on consensus but rather the “productive tension” generated in the negotiation of visions and outcomes. We draw on critical theories of agonism and participation to suggest that such tension plays a role in producing legitimacy.

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36

Khan, Firoz, Benedict Francis Higgins, and Willan Adonis. "Saving or Seizing the City: Discursive Formations in Cape Town, South Africa." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031376.

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‘Neoliberalism’ is the dominant theme pervading numerous studies of post-apartheid urban development in Cape Town. This often renders invisible the many nuances and complexities embedded within its transitions. Via critically examining the assumption of the neoliberal usurpation of urban governance in Cape Town’s policy formation, this paper highlights critical historical contingencies from 1994; contingencies framing a discursive formation as less the choreographies of global capitalism and more the committed and sincere mobilisation of a local, grassroots movement to ‘save’ the city from urban decline. Largely unacknowledged in the literature, its exploration is crucial to transiting from a putative and omnipotent neoliberalism as a bottomless well of explanation to admitting and appreciating subjective agency in the origins, evolution and trajectory of the city’s urban development. This, in turn, furnishes insights about the metamorphosis and mutation of the original—ostensibly sincere—discursive formation into the particularly powerful and potent form of market-led urban regeneration sponsored in Cape Town today.

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37

Rogerson, Christian M. "Urban tourism, aerotropolis and local economic development planning: Ekurhuleni and O.R. Tambo International Airport, South Africa." Miscellanea Geographica 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0019.

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Abstract One vibrant topic within the emerging scholarship around geographies of tourism development and planning concerns that of tourism and local economic development planning. Across many countries tourism is a core base for planning of place-based local economic development programmes. In post-apartheid South Africa the country’s leading cities have promoted tourism as part of economic development programming. This article examines planning for South Africa’s aerotropolis around the O.R. Tambo International Airport in Ekurhuleni, which is adjacent to Johannesburg. Under circumstances of economic distress and the need for new sources of local job creation Ekurhuleni is undertaking planning for tourism development through leveraging and alignment to aerotropolis planning. The nexus of aerotropolis and urban tourism planning is analysed. Arguably, the strengthening of tourism in Ekurhuleni offers the potential for contributing towards inclusive development goals.

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38

J�rgens, Ulrich. "Mixed-race residential areas in South African cities ? urban geographical developments in the late and post-apartheid phases." GeoJournal 30, no. 3 (July 1993): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00806722.

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39

Freund, Bill. "Brown and Green in Durban: The Evolution of Environmental Policy in a Post-Apartheid City." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, no. 4 (December 2001): 717–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00341.

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40

Piscitelli, Paola. "In the waithood. Vecchi e nuovi confinamenti nella Johannesburg post-apartheid." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 125 (August 2021): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2021-125005.

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Dal regime dell'apartheid ad oggi, i ghetti sudafricani hanno assunto configurazioni distinte e articolate, che richiedono un monitoraggio consapevole della loro evoluzione, attento a carpirne le trasformazioni e scevro da retoriche sensazionalistiche di necessaria rimozione forzata. L'articolo ricostruisce gli effetti della divisione ereditata dalla Johannesburg post-apartheid nella vita quotidiana di un'adolescente immigrata in una township alle prese con il nuovo confinamento da Covid-19. Un'attesa nell'attesa per un profilo rappresentativo di un'intera generazione "in the waithood", la cui urgenza di futuro invoca il ripensamento di uno sviluppo urbano fondato sulla relazionalità e non sulla divisione per ricucire il frammentato tessuto socio-economico della città più diseguale del mondo.

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41

LIPIETZ, BARBARA. "Building a Vision for the Post-Apartheid City: What Role for Participation in Johannesburg's City Development Strategy?" International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32, no. 1 (March 2008): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00767.x.

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42

Bénit-Gbaffou, Claire, and Obvious Katsaura. "Community Leadership and the Construction of Political Legitimacy: Unpacking Bourdieu's ‘Political Capital’ in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 38, no. 5 (July 4, 2014): 1807–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12166.

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43

Ballard, Richard. "Middle class neighbourhoods or ‘African Kraals’? The impact of informal settlements and vagrants on post-apartheid white identity." Urban Forum 15, no. 1 (January 2004): 48–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-004-0009-1.

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44

Moodley, Sogen. "Why Do Planners Think That Planning Has Failed Post-Apartheid? The Case of eThekwini Municipality, Durban, South Africa." Urban Forum 30, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-018-9357-0.

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45

Seekings, Jeremy. "Planning and Transformation: Learning from the Post-Apartheid Experience - By Philip Harrison, Alison Todes and Vanessa Watson." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00850_9.x.

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46

LEMANSKI, CHARLOTTE L. "Desegregation and Integration as Linked or Distinct? Evidence from a Previously 'White' Suburb in Post-apartheid Cape Town." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30, no. 3 (September 2006): 564–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00676.x.

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47

Bolt, Maxim. "Homeownership, Legal Administration, And The Uncertainties Of Inheritance In South Africa’s Townships: Apartheid’s Legal Shadows." African Affairs 120, no. 479 (February 10, 2021): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adab001.

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Abstract Expanded homeownership in Johannesburg’s townships offered the prospect of post-apartheid formal inclusion. Yet allocation of title to former rental homes has been characterized by a profound lack of normative consensus regarding ownership or inheritance. In bitter disputes over houses, appeals to law jostle and interweave with claims in a customary register. In much regional scholarship, normative pluralism provides a point of departure for understanding disagreement of this kind. This article proposes an alternative perspective by examining how dissensus is mediated and given shape by a legal–administrative process. Law becomes inchoate in layers of bureaucratic encounter, while contested claims to custom are sharpened at the interface with bureaucracy. In South Africa, taking administration as a starting point reveals the long shadows of apartheid in concrete experiences of the law, in extra-legal understandings, and in the very terms of contestation among kin. Illuminating the little-explored topic of urban property inheritance, the perspective has broader implications for understanding inequality. Inclusion through homeownership is a form of ‘adverse incorporation’ marked by official opacity, diffidence regarding the law, stratifying administrative dualism, and uncertainty about the parameters of ownership and inheritance.

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48

Mokoena, B. T., and J. P. Sebola. "A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION URBAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LAND EXPROPRIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A STRATEGIC APPROACH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (August 25, 2020): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-399-2020.

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Abstract. The land question in South Africa has been a long-standing issue for more than 360 years. Consequent to unjust legislation such as The Natives Land Act No.27 of 1913 to this day, there is a racial imbalance in the distribution of land ownership in South Africa. Coupled with the socio-economic and spatial segregative mandates of the apartheid-government to enrich the white minority, such unjust legislation fostered mass-land dispossessions and displacements of black people relocating them to peripheral areas known as ‘Bantu stands’ where they were further ethnically grouped in remote from socio-economic opportunities. The preceding has resulted in the impoverishment of the black people as they no longer had land – their primary source of livelihood. The limited access to land by black people remains true in post-apartheid South Africa.Since the dawn of democracy, limited access to urban land has coursed challenges for housing development. Spatial transformation towards socio-economic integration has also become problematic as large areas of strategically located land remain locked in the hands of the minorities. Thus, to realise the mandates of South Africa’s democratic government – equal access to land and opportunities, this land needs to be acquired, particularly for the previously disadvantaged, poor, and landless.As cities move towards being smart, this research will demonstrate the use of Evidence Based Planning (EBP) in order to assist Local Government to foster scientific decision making methods. The use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a method to develop a Strategic Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) as a Planning Support System (PSS) that will be used to investigate the best suitable land for possible expropriation. Various criteria such as proximity to road connectivity, proximity to current and future economic activity, proximity to public transport routes, dolomitic land, priority areas and proximity to city centres are some of the criteria selected for the research. The Strategic Spatial Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) enabled us to stream line significant criteria and processes that where specific to strategic urban development in the Benoni town situated in the City of Ekurhuleni using critical spatial policy and strategic objectives of the city.

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49

Fenton, Annabel, Alexander Wafer, and Jennifer M. Fitchett. "Youth Mobility in a Post-Apartheid City: An Analysis of the Use of E-Hailing by Students in Johannesburg, South Africa." Urban Forum 31, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-019-09384-2.

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Denoon-Stevens, Stuart Paul, Lauren Andres, Verna Nel, and Phil Jones. "Unpacking planners' views of the success and failure of planning in post-apartheid South Africa." Cities 130 (November 2022): 103867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103867.

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