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Taylor, David. "Vernon Lushington : practising positivism." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2010. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/Vernon-Lushington(d5ec7c59-aa01-41f9-b3e5-6893be72ed21).html.
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Vernon Lushington (1832-1912) was a leading Positivist and disciple of Comte's Religion of Humanity. In The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on Victorian Britain T.R. Wright observed that "the inner struggles of many of [Comte's] English disciples, so amply documented in their note books, letters, and diaries, have not so far received the close sympathetic treatment they deserve". Material from a previously little known and un-researched archive of the Lushington family now makes possible such a study. After a childhood influenced by the values of the Clapham Sect, Lushington went to Cambridge where he came under the spell of Thomas Carlyle, for whom he worked for a period as an unpaid secretary, and then Auguste Comte whose Religion of Humanity finally replaced any lingering orthodox Christian faith. At Cambridge Lushington mixed with leading Christian Socialists and worked as a tutor at the Working Men's College alongside Ruskin and D.G. Rossetti. Other friends included William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones who Lushington later introduced to Rossetti, an event which triggered the second phase of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, The altruistic Lushington used his legal skills to assist struggling trade union leaders consolidate their cause and his concern for the working classes led him to co-operate with Elizabeth Gaskell in raising funds to assist the struggling Manchester cotton operatives. It was as a Positivist that Lushington wished to be remembered. This thesis considers the attraction of Positivism for Lushington and his place in its development and spread during the second half of the nineteenth century. Specific areas covered are Lushington's childhood influences, his university life, his relationship with Carlyle and his adoption of Positivism. The thesis then turns to consider how Lushington outworked his new beliefs first in his public life - especially in the area of the Arts, and in then in his domestic role where his enthusiastic embrace of the Religion of Humanity placed severe strains on his marriage.
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Rizvi, Majid. "J.A.G. Griffith's normative positivism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21699.
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This thesis provides a reinterpretation of J.A.G. Griffith’s lecture ‘The Political Constitution’—a reinterpretation that stresses the commitment Griffith expressed in that lecture to the normative dimension of legal positivism. I call this normative dimension ‘normative positivism’. Identifying Griffith as a normative positivist serves to clarify a number of debates surrounding Griffith’s arguments in ‘The Political Constitution’ and serves to clarify our understanding of the concept that has come to be known in UK public law scholarship in recent years as ‘political constitutionalism’, of which Griffith is regarded as a leading exemplar. The thesis argues that Griffith’s political constitutionalism is best understood as a form of normative positivism and is very different from some more recent defences of political constitutionalism available in the scholarly literature. The thesis also considers how the big constitutional questions of the age in the UK—questions relating, for example, to bills of rights and devolution—play out in the light of our discovery and appreciation of Griffith’s normative positivism.
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D'Acconti, Alessandra. "The genealogies of logical positivism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627650.
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Oberdan, Thomas. "Protocols, truth and convention." Amsterdam ; Atlanta, GA : Rodopi, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35609110v.
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Sievers, Juliele Maria. "A philosophical reading of legal positivism." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30017/document.
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Le travail ici présenté offre une approche originelle des notions juridiques développées par Hans Kelsen dans ses efforts vers l'élaboration d'une théorie "pure" du droit. Cette étude est basée sur une analyse philosophique des principaux concepts juridiques qui ont, à leur tour, des caractéristiques philosophiques pertinentes, principalement les notions qui sont apparemment "partagées" entre les domaines juridique et philosophique, sans pour autant garder les mêmes significations sémantiques. La notion la plus pertinente à avoir ces caractéristiques est peut-être celle de "validité", étant donné qu'il s'agit d'une notion présente tant dans le domaine de la logique quant dans le domaine juridique; Dans ce sens, nous prétendons approcher aussi les notions de fiction normative, de science du droit, de conflits entre normes (qui sont aussi erronément appelés "contradictions entre normes"), et la règle d'inférence comme elle est appliquée dans le contexte de la création normative, donnant lieu à des notions trompeuses comme celle de raisonnement pratique. La notion de raisonnement pratique est d'ailleurs très riche concernant ce contexte de comparaison, et elle sera particulièrement traitée en fonction des autres notions problématiques qu'elle génère dans le champ normatif, telles que le Dilemme de Jørgensen; Cette notion, étant employée dans différents cas problématiques du droit, nous offre une opportunité de présenter une approche alternative pour le traitement logique du processus de justification dans la création d'une norme. Nous avons pour objectif aussi d'analyser les notions de condition logique et juridique, qui représentent un changement dans la perspective de Kelsen concernant l'utilité et la légitimité de l'application de la logique dans le champ normatif du droit. Une telle étude comparative, même si elle semble être fondamentale pour éclaircir les notions en question dans ces domaines respectifs, reste une tâche jamais réalisée dans une telle manière systématique. L'objectif de cette étude est de fournit un panorama clair concernant les limites entre les champs de la philosophie (spécialement la logique) et les normes juridiques. La compréhension des relations entre les notions "homonymes" doit aussi expliquer pourquoi elles sont utilisées de forme erronée aussi fréquemment quand les philosophes discutent du droit, mais aussi quand les juristes cherchent des justifications pour les concepts dans leurs théories. Ainsi, le contexte de cette étude est le positivisme juridique tel qu'il est présenté par le philosophe du droit Hans Kelsen. Notre choix est justifié par le fait que lathéorie de Kelsen s'avère l plus conforme à notre approche philosophique d'orientation logique et analytique. L’œuvre qui servira de base à notre investigation est la "Théorie Générale des Normes" (1979), surtout dû au fait de représenter l'intensité des efforts de son auteur pour traiter les problèmes juridiques liés à des aspect philosophiques ou logiques. Cela est particulièrement remarquable dans le cas de la possibilité d'application de la logique aux normes, mais aussi concernant les notions problématiques comme celle de norme fondamentale comme fiction ou encore la notion de substrat indifférent au modeThe present work offers an original approach on the legal notions developed by Hans Kelsen in his attempts towards a “pure” theory of Law, based on a philosophical analysis of the main legal concepts that have a strong philosophical feature, namely those notions which are somehow “shared” between the two fields in their name, but not always in their meaning. While the most striking notion to be approached via a philosophical perspective would probably be that of legal validity (since validity is a central term also in Logic), we aim, in the same way, to approach the notions of legal fictions, the notion of science in Law, normative conflicts or “contradictions” as they are commonly – and wrongly – named, and the rule of inference as it is applied in the context of normative creation, giving place to the wrong notion of practical reasoning. The notion of practical reasoning is very rich in this context of comparison, and will be a special one, as it serves for us to analyze traditional problems of legal theory, such as Jørgensen’s dilemma, as well as it offers us the opportunity of providing our own alternative of a logical treatment of the process of legal justification of the creation of a norm. We aim to analyze the notion of legal and logical conditions as well, which represent a changing in Kelsen’s perspective on the utility and legitimacy of the application of logic to the legal domain. Such a comparative study, even if it appears to be fundamental for clarifying those notions in their respective fields, is a task never before developed in this systematic manner. The objective of such a study is to provide a clear overview of the boundaries between the fields of philosophy (especially logic) and the legal norms. A clear understanding of the relations between those “homonym” notions may explain why they are most of the time misused when philosophers talk about law, as well as when lawyers try to justify the concepts composing the legal theory.The context of this study is the legal positivism as it is explained by the legal-philosopher Hans Kelsen. This choice is justified by the fact that Kelsen’s legal theory appears to be the most suitable frame for an analytical, logic-oriented investigation. The work emphasized will be the General Theory of Norms (1979), mainly because of the fact that this book represents how intensively Kelsen dedicated himself to the legal problems mostly related to philosophy or logic, namely the question of the application of logic to norms and the clarification of problematic notions such as the basic norm as a fiction or, still, the notion of modally indifferent substrate
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Glahn, Jason C. "Is hard positivism too hard to swallow? /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426061.
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Shaw, Geoffrey C. "The rise and fall of liberal legal positivism : legal positivism, legal process, and H.L.A. Hart's America, 1945-1960." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7ea644b-0d13-4a60-8993-e4119404a5ca.
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This dissertation uses new archival materials to analyze the intellectual journey of H.L.A. Hart and his ideas in the United States, focusing on Hart's year as a visiting professor at Harvard, 1956-57, and its immediate aftermath. The dissertation situates Hart's work in the United States in the historical and intellectual context of the Legal Process School, the jurisprudential movement that dominated legal thought at Harvard during Hart's visit. When Hart arrived at Harvard in 1956, he found himself on a harmonious intellectual trajectory with the process theorists, seeking a middle road between legal formalism and legal realism, despite the deep suspicion with which American legal theorists viewed analytical jurisprudence and legal positivism. Over the course of the year, Hart and the process theorists collaborated and debated constantly - clarifying their methodological disagreements and also their shared jurisprudential mission. In close contact with the process theorists, Hart developed an account of legal decision-making and the relationship between legal indeterminacy and the rule of law that resonated deeply with process theory. He expressed these ideas in a lost essay, Discretion, written shortly after his arrival at Harvard. Discretion spurred a year of fruitful debate in the newly formed Legal Philosophy Discussion Group on topics ranging from the value of Hart's analytical methodology to the core problems of American democracy. Throughout the year, for example, Hart exchanged views with Lon Fuller about the applicability of the fact-value distinction to jurisprudence, constituting a "pre-Hart-Fuller debate Hart-Fuller debate," largely unreconstructed until now, which informs what was really at stake in the published Hart-Fuller exchange. In the spring, Hart delivered his famous Holmes Lecture, Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals. Understood in historical context, the lecture represented the culmination of a year of collaboration and debate with the Legal Process School, and Hart's attempt to defend a new, truly liberal formulation of legal positivism that responded specifically to the challenges his methodological outlook had encountered in the United States. Ultimately, however, Hart's ideas were unable to transcend the broiling debate over the role of the judiciary in American democracy in the wake of Brown vs. Board of Education. As progressive politics in the United States came increasingly to depend on an activist judiciary enforcing moral rights, Hart's positivism seemed to resonate more with Learned Hand's criticism of judicial review (which came out the same month as Hart's Holmes Lecture) than with justice-oriented defenses of the Warren Court. Further, Hart's process theoretic account of judicial discretion came to conflict with the Warren Court's activist judicial stance, partly due to the "botched" reception of Herbert Wechsler's 1959 lecture, Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law, which was heavily influenced by Hart's Discretion essay. But at the deepest level, Hart held a view about liberalism in which open, rational democratic deliberation, not judicial intervention, was the primary force for social change - a view the Process School largely shared, yet a view that was sidelined in the Warren Court era. For largely political reasons, Hart's liberal legal positivism failed to gain traction. In telling this history, this dissertation makes an original contribution to the literature in several ways: by drawing on a wealth of new source material, by situating Hart's year at Harvard in the intellectual context of the Legal Process School, by providing a complete historical analysis of the Legal Philosophy Discussion Group, by analyzing Hart's lost essay Discretion and Fuller's forgotten "Reply to Critics," by reconstructing the interactions between Hart and Fuller before their published exchange, and by interpreting Hart's Holmes Lecture in the context of process theory's decline. Hart's extraordinary year in America and the legacy of analytical legal positivism and the Legal Process School remain topics of great importance to legal philosophy, and my goal is to contribute a new, I hope helpful, historical interpretation to the scholarly conversation.
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Souza, Natalia Peixoto Bravo de. "A mlitância em torno da glorificação de Euclides da Cunha: um projeto político-ideológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-27042010-105742/.
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Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo discutir e analisar o papel de intelectuais cariocas das décadas de 30 e 40 do século XX na popularização de Euclides da Cunha e na construção de uma imagem que associa o escritor ao pensamento positivista. Para fundamentar a discussão e a análise, são analisados os conceitos de positivismo e evolucionismo, as trajetórias profissionais dos intelectuais citados, a militância dos mesmos no Grêmio Euclides da Cunha do Rio de Janeiro e a importância de suas atuações para a divulgação não só da obra de Euclides da Cunha, mas de uma interpretação específica sobre ela e sobre seu autor, contribuindo para cristalizar a noção de que Euclides da Cunha foi positivista.This work had as main objective to discuss and analyze the role of intellectuals in Rio at the decades of the 30th and 40th century in the popularization of Euclides da Cunha and the construction of an image that links the writer to positivist thinking. To support the discussion and analysis this work reviews the concepts of positivism and evolutionism, the career paths of intellectuals mentioned, the militancy of the same with Gremio Euclides da Cunha of Rio de Janeiro and the importance of their actions to disseminate not only the work of Euclides da Cunha, but a specific interpretation on it and on its author, helping to crystallize the notion that Euclides da Cunha was positivist.
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Chapman, Owen Blayne. "The end of metaphysics, logical positivism and postmodernism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22283.pdf.
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Casey, Brian P. "Natural law and the challenge of legal positivism." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4842.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 30, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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McBride, Mark. "Drawing methodological and substansive morals from legal positivism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613818.
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Židonis, Giedrius. "Positivism and Lithuanian prose. The second half of the 19th century." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090218_101956-96860.
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This dissertation will attempt to present the foundations of the positivist philosophy and worldview. It will also attempt to show the spread of Lithuanian positivism in the context of the dominant positivism of Russia and Poland, and to thoroughly examine the exploration and interpretation of positivism in the mind of Lithuanian fictional literary criticism. This study raises the question as to whether one can in general speak of the adoption of certain models of literature from didactic literature to positivist literature. Aside from discussing different time periods and different literary styles of the nineteenth century (the beginning of Lithuanian didactic literature, while the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance was still in its embryonic stage; the maturation of didactic literature and the beginning of the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance; and positivist literature as well as Lithuania's Cultural Renaissance in full force) this work also discusses the pieces having the characteristics of the positivist literature written during the prohibition of the press. The work will also attempt to explain what positivist personalities were significant during the second half of the nineteenth century, and to what professional and social groups these people belonged, along with reconstructing their aesthetic positivist program.
This dissertation about the spread of positivism in the prose from the end of the nineteenth century is the first of its kind done in Lithuanian literary... [to full text]Disertacijoje pristatomi pozityvizmo filosofijos ir pasaulėžiūros pagrindai, nagrinėjama lietuviškojo pozityvizmo sklaida Lenkijoje ir Rusijoje vyravusio pozityvizmo kontekste, nuosekliai apžvelgiamas pozityvizmo paieškų ir interpretavimo kelias lietuvių grožinės literatūros kritinėje mintyje. Studijoje keliams klausimas, ar apskritai galima kalbėti apie literatūrinių modelių perimamumą (didaktika pozityvizmo literatūra), šalia pasirinktų skirtingų krypčių, skirtingo laikotarpio atraminių kūrinių (atstovaujančių lietuvių didaktinės literatūros pradžiai ir Atgimimo užuomazgoms; didaktinės literatūros brandai ir Atgimimo pradžiai; pozityvistinei literatūrai ir Atgimimui) aptariami ir spaudos draudimo laikotarpio pozityvistinių bruožų turintys kūriniai, aiškinamasi, kaip XIX a. pabaigos lietuvių literatūroje veikia personažai pozityvistai, kokioms jie priklauso profesinėms / socialinėms grupėms, rekonstruojama jų estetinė pozityvistinė programa. Disertacija apie pozityvizmo sklaidą lietuvių XIX a. pabaigos prozoje yra pirmoji tokio pobūdžio studija lietuvių literatūrologijoje. Išsami pozityvistinės gyvenimo sampratos programa Lietuvoje nebuvo suformuluota, tačiau ją galima rekonstruoti iš teiginių ir minčių, išsisklaidžiusių literatūros ir kultūros darbuotojų publicistiniuose, kritiniuose, sociologiniuose darbuose, o šio tyrimo atveju – grožinės literatūros kūriniuose. Disertacijoje siekiama nuosekliai apžvelgti ir apibendrinti pavienius pasisakymus ir įžvalgas pozityvizmo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Martins, Gabriela Pereira. "O positivismo: uma linguagem dos sentimentos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2513.
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Esta dissertação pretende mostrar que o positivismo não é uma filosofia dividida em dois momentos aparentemente contraditórios, expressos pela ciência e pela religião. Ao contrário, ela é uma filosofia na qual o sentimento é o elemento chave do entendimento, seja das explicações de caráter científicas ou das de conotação religiosa. Para chegar à finalidade desejada, parte-se de um estudo do positivismo em si, ou melhor, da obra de Auguste Comte, criador da filosofia positivista, visando a estabelecer parâmetros que pudessem definir com a necessária precisão o que é o positivismo comteano. Com isso, busca-se dar ao trabalho uma base de sustentação, evitando discussões especulativas, partindo, em seguida para o exame do positivismo no Brasil.
This paper intends to show that positivism is a philosophy shared by two seemingly contradictory moments, expressed by science and religion. Rather, it is a philosophy in which the feeling is the key element of understanding, it is the scientific explanation of nature or of religious connotation. To reach the desired purpose, it starts from a study of positivism itself, or rather the work of Auguste Comte, founder of the positivist philosophy, seeking to establish parameters that could define with sufficient precision what it is Comtean positivism. Thus, the aim is to provide the research with a theoretical foundation, to avoid mere speculative discussions, and to exam positivism in Brazil.
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Del, Mastro Puccio Fernando, Risi Walter Piazza, Cuba José Saldaña, Paredes Noemí Ancí, Garzón Martín Sotero, and Mantilla Gorki Gonzáles. "Teaching Law: Perspectives and approaches." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119123.
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This event revolves around the change inside the teaching law, as well as the relationship between this and other social and economics phenomena like the market. In this way, the reader will be introduced in the changes that teaching law has experienced in the last years.El presente evento gira en torno al cambio de paradigmas dentro de la enseñanza del Derecho, así como la relación que existe entre esta y otros fenómenos sociales y económicos como el mercado. De esta manera el lector se introducirá de lleno en los cambios que experimenta la educación legal en los últimos años.
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Ghirardi, José Garcez. "Important, unimportant: a critical anticipation of the assumptions of legal positivism in Alice in wonderland." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116127.
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Almost a full century separates Alice in Wonderland (1865) of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson(who will be referred by his pseudonym, Lewis Carroll) and the second, lengthier and more elaborate edition of Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law (1960; first edition published in 1934). And yet, it is possible to argue that the former anticipates and critically addresses many of the philosophical assumptions that underlie and are elemental to the argument of the latter. Both texts, with the illuminating differences that arise from their disparate genre, have as one of their key themes norms and their functioning. Wonderland, as Alice soon finds out, is a world beset by rules of all kinds: from the etiquette rituals of the mad tea-party to the changing setting for the croquet game to the procedural insanity of the trial with which the novel ends. Pure Theory of Law, as Kelsen emphatically stresses, has the Grundnorm as the cornerstone upon which the whole theoretical edifice rests (see Green, 2003; Posner, 2005).This paper discusses some of the assumptions underlying Kelsen’s argument as an instance of the modern worldview that Lewis satirically scrutinizes. The first section («Sleepy and stupid») discusses Lewis’ critique of the idea that, to correctly apprehend an object (in the case of Kelsen’s study, law), one has to free it from its alien elements. The second section («Do bats eat cats?») discusses the notion of systemic coherence and its impact on modern ways of thinking about truth, law and society. The third section («Off with their heads!») explores the connections between readings of systems as neutral entities and the perpetuation of political power. The fourth and final section («Important, Unimportant») explains the sense in which a «critical anticipation» is both possible and useful to discuss the philosophical assumptions structuring some positivist arguments. It also discusses the reasons for choosing to focus on Kelsen’s work, rather than on that of Lewis’ contemporary John Austin, whose The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (published in 1832) remains influential in legal debates today.Casi un siglo entero separa a Alicia en el país de las Maravillas (1865) de Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (a quien nos referiremos por su seudónimo, Lewis Carroll) y a la segunda, más larga y más elaborada edición de la Teoría pura del derecho (1960) de Hans Kelsen —cuya primera edición fue publicada en 1934—. Y, sin embargo, es posible argumentar que la primera obra anticipa y trata en forma crítica a muchos de los supuestos filosóficos que fundamentan y son elementales en los razonamientos sobre la última. Ambos textos, con las diferencias iluminadoras que surgen de sus géneros dispares, tienen como uno de sus temas clave las normas y su funcionamiento. El país de las maravillas, como Alicia pronto descubre, es un mundo sitiado por regulaciones de todo tipo: desde los rituales de etiqueta de la merienda de locos hasta los arreglos cambiantes para el juego de croquet y la insensatez procesal del juicio con el que termina la novela. La Teoría Pura del derecho, como enfáticamente recalca Kelsen, tiene a la Grundnorm (norma fundamental) como la piedra angular sobre la que reside todo el edificio teórico (véanse Green, 2003; Posner, 2005).Este trabajo discute algunos de los supuestos en los que se basa el razonamiento de Kelsen como un ejemplo de la moderna visión del mundo a la que satíricamente analiza Carroll. La primera sección («Somnolienta y atontada») discute la crítica de Carroll a la idea de que, para comprender un objeto (en el caso del estudio de Kelsen, el derecho), uno tiene que liberarlo de sus elementos ajenos. La segunda sección («¿Comen murciélagos los gatos?») discute la noción de coherencia sistémica y su impacto sobre las formas modernas de pensamiento sobre la verdad, el derecho y la sociedad. La tercera sección («¡Que les corten la cabeza!») explora las conexiones entre las lecturas de sistemas como entidades neutrales y la perpetuación del poder político. La cuarta y última sección («Importante, No importante») explica el sentido en el que una «anticipación crítica» es tanto posible como útil para discutir los supuestos filosóficos que estructuran algunos argumentos positivistas. Esta sección también discute las razones para elegir concentrarse en el trabajo de Kelsen, más que en el del contemporáneo de Carroll John Austin, cuya obra La provincia de la jurisprudencia determinada (publicada en 1832) continúa influyendo hoy en los debates legales.
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Campbell, Neil. "Physicalism and the challenge of epiphenomenal properties /." *McMaster only, 1997.
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Diener, Keith William. "A Defense of Soft Positivism: Justice and Principle Processes." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172006-125357/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Andrew Altman, committee chair; Andrew J. Cohen, William Edmundson, committee members. Electronic text (75 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).
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Phillips, Cindy L. "Rescuing Inclusive Legal Positivism from the Charge of Inconsistency." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/81.
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Scott Shapiro, an exclusive legal positivist, argues that inclusive legal positivism is inconsistent with the view that legal norms must conceptually provide reasons for agents of a legal system to act in specified ways. I defend inclusive legal positivism from Shapiro's charge of inconsistency.
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Sell-Smith, Julie Ann. "A journey of pregnancy loss| From positivism to autoethnography." Thesis, Union Institute and University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601607.
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The experience of anxiety and depression can have detrimental effects on the body, especially that of a developing fetus. Depression and anxiety have been linked to the experience of greater pregnancy symptoms, miscarriage, poorer birth outcomes and difficult deliveries. Despite their detrimental effects, depression and anxiety may be common during the prenatal period. A history of miscarriage may heighten normally occurring symptoms, adding a layer of difficulty to an already stressful time period.
Mind-body practices have been linked to a number of health benefits, including attenuation of psychiatric symptoms and improved pregnancy outcomes. While many of these practices have received increasing attention in popular literature, lacking are studies utilizing large, randomized clinical trials empirically validating the efficacy of these interventions.
The purpose of the original study was to examine whether miscarriage status and the engagement in mind-body practices were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety in pregnant women. Forty-three (N=43) pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were recruited and questioned about their pregnancy, their engagement in mind-body practices (past and present) and were asked to complete the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). It was anticipated that women with a miscarriage history would report higher levels of anxiety and depression and that women engaging in mind-body practice, past or present, would report lower levels of depression and anxiety. When statistical analyses failed to yield significant results, this author chose to explore the process of generating new knowledge through autoethnography. This dissertation moved from an empirical study to a qualitative, autoethnographic exploration of pregnancy loss in which the themes of meaning making, personhood and the expression of feelings were explored through the literature, the author's personal experience and through participation in an online pregnancy loss support group.
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Mendonça, Maria Magdalena Cunha de. "Dialetica e contingencia no ceticismo em David Hume." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280583.
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Orientador: Luiz Roberto MonzaniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho investiga a relevância da crÃtica humeana ao pensamento teleológico, a partir da análise crÃtica do argumento do desÃgnio exposta no texto dos Diálogos da Religião Natural e sua articulação com o projeto filosófico do autor. Objetiva-se mostrar que a reflexão de Hume a respeito da religião natural, não se reduz a uma espécie de querela entre teÃsmo e ateÃsmo, deixando claro o entrelaçamento existente entre a recusa do raciocÃnio finalista e a crÃtica ao determinismo teológico e cientÃfico, a fim de deixar evidente o distanciamento do filósofo escocês da metafÃsica, sobretudo, das filosofias das ciências e epistemologia. No texto dos Diálogos da Religião investiga-se também a estrutura argumentativa filosófica do autor no intuito de precisar o sentido dialético e referencial cético presentes na sua compreensão e uso singular do estilo dos diálogos e sua ruptura com o discurso filosófico da tradição, precisamente platÃ'nico-aristotélica. Em um segundo momento deste trabalho, precisamente no terceiro capÃtulo, a motivação maior consiste em reafirmar o tom radical da crÃtica humeana ao argumento do desÃgnio em que se investiga a articulação entre os textos dos Diálogos da Religião natural e o da História da Religião natural, procurando tornar clara a manutenção do padrão da contrariedade dialética no contraponto que Hume apresenta entre politeÃsmo e teÃsmo, bem como, a compatibilidade entre a postura de Hume na obra da História da Religião natural e a do expositor do ceticismo e crÃtico maior do argumento teológico no texto dos Diálogos, a saber, Philo. Além disso, ainda nesta parte do trabalho, busca-se localizar no conceito de contingências a expressão da crÃtica de Hume ao raciocÃnio teleológico da filosofia experimental da sua época, que pretende apoiar-se no postulado da análise observacional objetiva, da necessidade fÃsica da esfera natural e do agir humano. No quarto capÃtulo o intuito é o de analisar o duplo papel que desempenha o conceito de circunstancia no pensamento de Hume: elemento fundamental da sua visão de um cosmo antifinalista e linha mestra da sua ruptura com o pensamento teleológico presente nas reflexões tradicionais e moderna sobre os problemas morais. Detendo-se na análise da noção de valor , particularmente nas reflexões sobre o problema filosófico da felicidade, busca-se tornar clara a recusa de Hume à visão teleológica religiosa e cientÃfica em suas pretensões de padronização dos comportamentos humanos, ou â?¿formas de vidaâ??, enfim, da singularidade e diversidade das múltiplas formas de pensar, crer e viver de cada homem
Abstract: This work examines the relevance of the humean critique regarding the critical analysis of the argument of design ( purpose) exposed in the text of the Dialogues of Natural Religion and its articulation with the authorÂ's philosophical project. The object is to demonstrate that HumeÂ's reflection in regards to the natural religion does not confine itself to a kind of quarrel between theism and atheism, making clear the present intertwining between the refusal of the finalist reasoning and the critique to the theological and scientific determinism, in order to prove this scotch philosopherÂ's detachment from methaphysics, especially, from the philosophies of the sciences and the epistemology. The text of Dialogues of the Religion examines also the argumentative philosophical structure of the author with the purpose of determining the dialectic meaning and skeptical referential present in his comprehension and his singular utilization of style of dialogues and its rupture with the philosophical discourse of tradition, precisely platonic-aristotelian. In a second moment of this work, precisely on the third chapter, the major motivation consists of reaffirming the radical tone of the humean critique of the design in which it examines the articulation between the texts of the Dialogues of Natural Religion and of the Natural Religion History, endeavoring to make clear the maintenance of the pattern of dialectic contrariness in the counterpoint that Hume presents between polytheism and theism, as well as, the compatibility between HumeÂ's posture in the work History of Natural Religion and that of the exposer of skepticism and principal critic of the theological argument in the text of the Dialogues, that is, Philo. Besides, still in this part of the work, one endeavors to locate in the concept of the contingences the critical expression of Hume to the teleological reasoning of the experimental philosophy of his period , which intents to base itself in the postulate of the objective observational analysis, the physical necessity of the natural sphere, and of human acting. In the fourth chapter the intention is to analyse the double role played by the concept of contingence in HumeÂ's thinking . : fundamental element of his vision of an antifinalist cosmos and main support of his rupture with the current teleological thought in the traditional and modern reflections regarding the moral problems. Lingering on the analysis of the notion of value, particularly in the reflections about the philosophical problem of happiness, it intends to make clear the refusal of Hume to the religious and scientific teleological visions in their pretensions of standardizing the human behaviors, or ¨forms of life¨ in which it becomes evident, once again, the dialectical tone of his sceptical philosophy. Accompanying the dialectic argumentative structure present in the humean texts it endeavors to stress the difficulties that HumeÂ's dialectic-sceptic argumentative structure presents to natural religion and science in their normative and moralizing pretensions regarding the acting of individuals starting from the none in the least fortuitous abstraction of the singularity and diversity of the multiple forms of thinking , believing and living of every human being
Doutorado
Filosofia Moderna
Doutor em Filosofia
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Chilovi, Samuele. "Grounding Legal Reality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667056.
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The four main chapters of this thesis, while each largely autonomous, collectively provide a study of the relation between grounding and supervenience, and a comprehensive application of grounding theory to the philosophy of law. Chapter 1 argues that a supervenience relation interestingly weaker than necessitation can be used to capture a substantive connection between grounding and modality. Chapter 2 argues that metaphysical grounding is the relation of dependence that connects legal facts to their determinants, and that the positivism/anti-positivism debate in legal philosophy involves competing claims on the grounds of legal facts. Chapter 3 criticizes extant grounding- based formulations of legal positivism offered by Rosen (2010) and Plunkett and Shapiro (2017), and puts forward a novel and insightful formulation that is capable of solving their problems, which crucially relies on the notion of a social enabler. Finally, Chapter 4 shows that Hume’s Law – the thesis that one cannot derive an ‘ought’ from an ‘is’ – poses no significant threat to legal positivism or moral naturalism, both understood as views about grounding.
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Crilly, David R. "Philosophical considerations of music analysis : positivism in twentieth-century musicology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339085.
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Souness, Mark. "A study in positivism and physiology : readings of Gustave Courbet." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4614.
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This thesis explores ways in which the mid-nineteenth-century current of positivist thought impacted upon the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877). Guided by certain methodological imperatives set out in the theories of Hayden White and Dominick LaCapra – in particular LaCapra’s identification of the need for historical practice to avoid reductive interpretation of data and to recognise the formulation of concepts through intersecting domains of knowledge and the specificity of their articulation in different primary sources – this thesis focuses upon interpretations of Courbet’s work formulated between 1848 and 1878, examines ideas developed within the intersecting domains of positivism and medical science, and highlights the deployment of these ideas for political leverage across the entire political spectrum. The thesis discovers ways in which positivist interpreters of Courbet’s work, including the artist himself, sought to criticise and resolve the social and political problems of the time by drawing upon theories designed to achieve social harmony through scientific understanding of human nature and its evolution. The thesis demonstrates that numerous social commentators referred to the images of people and social conditions in Courbet’s paintings to express positivist views about social decay, the enduring human potential to reform such decay, and an inevitable achievement of social harmony. I show that positivists interpreted the artist’s work with recourse to disciplines such as biology, physiology and physiognomy, as well as concepts such as ‘the physical and the moral,’ according to which the various physical, mental, emotional and moral dimensions of the human constitution were closely interconnected, evident in physical appearance, and crucially influenced by the changing environmental conditions impacting upon them, including society. I also show that, according to such prescriptions, the physical appearance of ordinary contemporary people represented in Courbet’s paintings indicated their physical and moral state and by extension the social conditions forming this state. Such physiognomical principles were often associated with caricature and portraiture to advance the critical and affective nature of Courbet’s paintings, which were seen as aesthetic stimulants in an evolutionary process of social reform. As the project shows, positivists thought that Courbet’s paintings expressed certain ideal notions of equality and materiality that served the political, ideological and often anti-religious interests of the writers concerned; in these views, all humans fostered the same inherent physiological desire for altruistic existence and shared equal status with animals and organisms as physiological beings conceived and sustained within biological nature.
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Martin, Margaret Ellen. "Raz's exclusive legal positivism : the tension between law and morality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614073.
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Melnyk, Andrew. "One world and the many sciences : a defence of physicalism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43e135f1-3786-41b4-918a-81e80b02d492.
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The subject of this thesis is physicalism, understood not as some particular doctrine pertaining narrowly to the philosophy of mind, but rather as a quite general metaphysical claim to the effect that everything is, or is fundamentally, physical. Thus physicalism explicates the thought that in some sense physics is the basic science. The aim of the thesis is to defend a particular brand of physicalism, which I call eliminative type physicalism. It claims, roughly, that every property is a physical property – a property mentioned in the laws of physics, and hence that any putative property not identifiable with a physical property must be eliminated from our ontology. Eliminative type physicalism is apt to face three objections, and so my thesis, like Caesar's Gaul, falls into three parts. In the first, I argue against the idea that there are tenable positions, both physicalist and non-physicalist, alternative to eliminative type physicalism. I argue that each of these positions – token physicalism (Fodor, middle Putnam), supervenience physicalism (Lewis, Horgan) and and a non-physicalist view I call pluralism (Goodman, late Putnam) – is defective. In the second part, responding to the objection that there is just no reason to be a physicalist, I develop a positive argument for eliminative type physicalism, an argument resting upon a strong version of the explanatory test for reality according to which only explanatorily indispensable properties can justifiably be said to exist. In the third and final part, I argue, against the charge that eliminative type physicalism cannot accommodate what I call phenomenal properties (qualia, raw feels etc.), that there is no good reason to deny, and one good reason to affirm, that phenomenal properties just are physical properties.
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Piccolo, Carla Henriete Bevilacqua. "A moral e o conceito de direito em H. L. A. Hart." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-06062012-091850/.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo justamente contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do papel da moral no projeto positivista de Hart. Estudando sua obra, recuperando textos importantes para o entendimento de seu sistema de pensamento, embora menos conhecidos, somos capazes de avaliar a coerência de sua tese da separabilidade entre o direito e a moral, tão complexa e diferente da tradição positivista clássica, e a viabilidade de uma teoria puramente descritiva, nos termos como seu modelo teórico foi concebido. Apresentarei, porém, um argumento bastante desafiador, porque atribui a esse sofisticado modelo uma intencionalidade que o próprio autor não estaria disposto a reconhecer. A seguir encontra-se, em breves linhas, uma visão panorâmica desse argumento, cujos termos, aqui expostos de maneira bastante superficial, serão elucidados com maior profundidade ao longo dos capítulos.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo justamente contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do papel da moral no projeto positivista de Hart. Estudando sua obra, recuperando textos importantes para o entendimento de seu sistema de pensamento, embora menos conhecidos, somos capazes de avaliar a coerência de sua tese da separabilidade entre o direito e a moral, tão complexa e diferente da tradição positivista clássica, e a viabilidade de uma teoria puramente descritiva, nos termos como seu modelo teórico foi concebido. Apresentarei, porém, um argumento bastante desafiador, porque atribui a esse sofisticado modelo uma intencionalidade que o próprio autor não estaria disposto a reconhecer. A seguir encontra-se, em breves linhas, uma visão panorâmica desse argumento, cujos termos, aqui expostos de maneira bastante superficial, serão elucidados com maior profundidade ao longo dos capítulos.
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Lima, Flávio Manuel Póvoa de. "O contexto da pergunta \"O que é direito?\" na teoria analitica contemporânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-09012014-142339/.
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Nesta dissertação pretendo reler o debate entre Ronald Dworkin e o positivismo jurídico. Farei isto sob o prisma da filosofia analítica, especificamente, contextualizando o debate no âmbito de uma discussão travada entre três teorias semânticas específicas: a descricional, o externalismo semântico e o bi-dimensionalismo ambicioso. Há algum tempo Dworkin lançou uma crítica ao positivismo, qual seja, o positivismo jurídico pretende reduzir a forma direito de como as coisas são à conformação puramente descritiva de como o mundo é. Disse, ainda, que somente quando concebido como uma teoria semântica é que o positivismo jurídico tornar-se-ia inteligível. Os posivistas, a seu turno, argumentam que a Jurisprudência analítica é um projeto teórico pelo direito e não pelo significado do termo direito e que, portanto, deveríamos manter separados dois tipos de questionamentos: O que é direito? e O que é direito?. Se tudo correr bem, ao reler o debate entre os positivistas e Ronald Dworkin a partir do instrumental obtido no âmbito da teoria semântica, poderemos perceber que pode ser verdade que o positivismo jurídico, enquanto projeto teórico, é sobre o direito, o referente, e não sobre o direito, o termo; entretanto, a forma pela qual o positivismo concebe o questionamento O que é direito?, ele mesmo, parece acabar por qualificá-lo, num sentido não trivial, como semântico.I intend to reread the debate between Ronald Dworkin and legal positivism. I will do that through the prism of analytic philosophy, specifically in the context of the debate between three specific semantic theories: descriptional, externalism and the ambitious bidimensionalism. Dworkin criticized legal positivism: the legal positivism aims to reduce the law-way of things to the purely descriptive form of the world. He also said that only when conceived as a semantic theory is that legal positivism would become intelligible. The posivists argue that analytical Jurisprudence is a theoretical project about law and not about the meaning of \"law\", therefore we should keep separated two types of questions: \"What is law?\" and \"What is \'law\'?\". If all goes well, when rereading the debate through the prism of the discussion in the context of semantic theories, we will realize that it may be true that legal positivism is about law, the referent, and not about \"law\". However, the way in which positivism conceives the question \"What is law?\" seems to qualify it as semantic in a nontrivial sense.
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Aguiar, Camila Pôrto de. "José Guadalupe Posada: um estudo da sociedade mexicana pela ilustração." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9137.
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Esta dissertação trata das transformações ocorridas na cultura política mexicana do final do século XIX até o início do XX, enfocando o acervo imagético de um dos principais ilustradores mexicanos, José Guadalupe Posada. Está inserida na Linha de Pesquisa Política e Cultura do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da UERJ. Os procedimentos teórico-metodológicos nortearam-se pelos aportes da História Cultural e as fontes documentais, em sua maioria ilustrações, foram pesquisadas em arquivos públicos digitais e bibliotecas. O ilustrador viveu entre 1852 e 1913 e foi considerado um dos responsáveis pelo fortalecimento da arte gráfica na América Latina, além de se destacar como um dos intelectuais mais expressivos de sua época e testemunha ocular dos acontecimentos que levaram à Revolução Mexicana. Através daquelas ilustrações analisamos o contexto histórico do México ao longo do governo de Porfírio Díaz. Foram destacadas as culturas políticas que nortearam o percurso do país, a primeira entre a metade e o fim do século XIX, a outra na primeira década do século XX. As obras de José Guadalupe Posada são uma das mais ricas fontes históricas sobre o período e contribuíram para a disseminação de ideias e valores políticos que circularam no México durante o Porfiriato.This dissertation presents the transformations in Mexican political culture of the late 19th century to the early 20th century, aiming to focus on the imagery collection of one of the greatest Mexican illustrators: José Guadalupe Posada. The theoretical-methodological procedures were guided up by the contributions of cultural history and documentary sources, mostly illustrations, which were found in digital public archives and libraries. The illustrator lived in Mexico between 1852 and 1913, being considered one of the responsible artists for the strengthening of the graphic arts in Latin America, besides standing out as one of the most important intellectuals of his time and eyewitness of the events that led to the Mexican Revolution. Through the illustrations, it was possible to analyze the historical context of Mexico over the government of Porfirio Díaz. Furthermore, the political cultures that guided the country's path were highlighted: the first, between the half and the end of the 19th century and the other, in the first decade of the 20th century. The works of José Guadalupe Posada are one of the richest historical sources about the period, which have contributed to the spread of ideas and political values in Mexico, during the Porfiriato.
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Alentola, Anni Emilia. "Changing the narratives of marginalised bodies - a study about body positivism." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144060.
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The purpose of this study is to explain and analyse the body positivity movement in the social media platform Instagram, as well as its empowering effects on women active in this movement. The phenomenon based on visuality, body positivism, has more than three million pictures on Instagram, hashtagged under two popular hashtags examined in this thesis: #bodypositivity and #bodypositive. The goal of this movement is to show diversity in the portrayal of women, as well as to encourage acceptance of all body types, skin colours and body flaws - especially marginalised bodies that are often invisible in the current society. The research is conducted with methods of visual content analysis and interviews with women participating in the body positivity movement. This study is framed in feminism theory and this study includes theories of gender-norms, Western beauty standards, the male gaze and questions about identity and body image. The results of this study show that most of the people participating in the movement are white women and are pictured often in their underwear. In the pictures hashtagged with body positivity related hashtags, there are, however, not that many flaws visible - such as cellulite or stretch marks. Nevertheless, after interviewing the women active in this movement - active as picture publishers, conversation holders and as body positive Instagram-user followers - this movement is empowering to the women and helps develop a positive body image and better self-esteem. In addition, this phenomenon can change the narratives of the people with marginalised bodies and modify the image of how women are represented and portrayed in society.
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Eriksen, Scott D. (Scott Douglas). "A Critical Investigation of Positivism: Its Adequacy as an Approach for Accounting Research." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330743/.
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This dissertation addresses the influence of "positivism" in accounting research. Accounting research has been overwhelmed by "positivism" to the extent that the "scientific method" has become sacrosanct. The dysfunctional consequences include the extreme emphasis placed on methodology. Researchers believe that the methods applied, rather than the orientations of the human researcher, generate knowledge. This belief stems from an extreme objectivist ontological orientation. A second consequence of the "positivistic" influence is a change in direction of intellectual inquiries. Obsession with measurement and quantification has all but eliminated concern for values.
Specifically this dissertation asserts that the "scientific method" has been misapplied and misunderstood. The misapplication is that a method developed in the natural sciences has been blindly accepted and endorsed in the social sciences. It has been misunderstood in the sense that the abstract Cartesian-Newtonian view of reality has been mistaken for reality itself. The ontological assumptions inherent in this view have become integrated in the Western mind. The axiomatic nature of these assumptions have been ignored. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to project a point concerning research and knowledge. Hence, there are no "research findings" in the conventional sense.
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Tiski, Sergio. "A questão da moral em Augusto Comte." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280800.
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Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Résumé: Ce travail discute la question de la morale chez Auguste Comte à partir de trois hypothèses: la première, celle de l¿existence de la morale en tant que la septième science, ultime et suprême. Dans ce sens, il participa également aux principes de la science morale outre que la science sociale. La deuxième hypothèse soutient la morale comme le noyau qui permet la continuité de la pensée et de l¿oeuvre d¿Auguste Comte; noyeau, parce que le fil conducteur complet, en tant que problème et sollution, est le domaine de la religion, de la morale et de l¿éducation. D¿après lui, la morale est le noyau de la religion et, dans sa partie pratique, c¿est-à-dire, en tant que morale pratique, c¿est l¿éducation. La troisième hypothèse mène à constater que, nonobstant la difficulté théorique, Auguste Comte supposa toujours l¿existence de la liberté humaine, condition indispensable à la morale. Malgré n¿utiliser le mot ¿éthique¿ que deux fois, et exclusivement comme acrostiches dans son dernier ouvragre, et malgré employer l¿expression ¿philosophie morale¿ se rapportant aux sixième et septième ordres de phénomènes de la réalité, les phénomènes sociaux et moraux, l¿éhtique ou la philosophie morale (ou théorie morale), au sens qu¿on les utilise, elle est présente du début à la fin de l¿oeuvre comtienne: c¿est ce qui apparaît dans les cinq mille quatre-vingt-dix références directes à la morale, dans les cinq mille quatre-vingt-dix usages du mot ¿moral¿ ou de ses dérivés tout au long de ses écrits. Enfin, ce travail est lié au besoin plus général et à chaque fois plus urgent de la discussion de la possibilité de consensus moral en termes aussi de science et de philosophie scientifique
Resumo: Este trabalho discute a questão da moral em Augusto Comte, a partir de três hipóteses: primeira, a da existência da moral como 7ª ciência, última e suprema, em Augusto Comte. Neste sentido ele colaborou na fundação também da ciência moral e não apenas da ciência social. A segunda afirma a moral como o núcleo possibilitador da continuidade do pensamento e da obra de Augusto Comte; núcleo, porque o fio condutor completo, enquanto problema e solução, é o âmbito religioso-moral-educacional. Segundo ele, a moral é o núcleo da religião e, na sua parte prática, isto é, enquanto moral prática, é a educação. A terceira leva à constatação de que, apesar da dificuldade teórica, Augusto Comte sempre supôs a existência da liberdade humana, condição indispensável para a moral. Apesar de utilizar o termo ¿ética¿ apenas duas vezes, e unicamente como acrósticos para a sua última obra, e apesar de usar a expressão ¿filosofia moral¿ se referindo à 6ª e 7ª ordens de fenômenos da realidade, os fenômenos sociais e morais, a ética ou filosofia moral (ou teoria moral), no sentido que usamos, comparece do começo ao fim da obra comtiana: é o que aparece nas 5.090 referências diretas à moral, nos 5.090 usos do termo ¿moral¿ ou derivados ao longo de seus escritos. Enfim, este trabalho se liga à necessidade mais geral cada vez mais urgente da discussão da possibilidade de consenso moral em termos também de ciência e de filosofia científica
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia
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Mesquita, André Campos. "Vocabulário de termos e questões centrais da filosofia positivista no Brasil e no Chile (1860 a 1946)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-18122012-092329/.
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Este vocabulário irá analisar os termos e expressões mais usados por filósofos comtis-tas brasileiros e chilenos durante o auge da Religião da Humanidade na América Latina, entre 1860 e 1946. As ideias de Comte influenciaram intelectuais em toda a América Latina. No entanto, apenas as suas primeiras obras foram completamente divulgadas em países como Argenti-na, Venezuela e México. Nesses países a filosofia de Herbert Spencer é mais influente. Por essa razão vamos estudar as diferenças cruciais entre o positivismo na América Latina no final do século XIX e início do XX. Contudo vamos encontrar o positivismo religioso de Comte no centro do pensamento de Pereira Barreto, Teixeira Mendes e Miguel Lemos, no Brasil, e de Victorino Lastarria e os irmãos Juan Enrique, Jorge e Luis Lagarrigue, no Chile. Nesses países, o pensamento positivo sofreu mais influência da religião da Humanidade de Comte, do que em qualquer outro país da América Latina. Neste trabalho, daremos uma visão geral desses pensamentos no Brasil e no Chile, mostrando em que ponto o positivismo nesses dois países era único, ao contrário do resto da América Latina. Estudaremos também a biografia intelectual desses filósofos, e como as ideias de Comte influenciaram os seus discursos e textos, convertendo grande parte deles à Religião da Humanidade. Finalmente, vamos nos concentrar em seus vocabulários: termos e frases mais utiliza-das por esses pensadores, em suas publicações, cartas e discursos. Foram selecionados e analisados os termos e slogans de acordo com seu grau de im-portância no positivismo de Comte e nas obras de filósofos latino-americanos. Este vocabulário nos ajudará a compreender o panorama histórico geral sobre o traba-lho desses pensadores positivistas e sua relevância intelectual, cultural e política no Brasil e no Chile.This vocabulary will analyze the terms and expressions used by Brazilians and Chileans Comtean philosophers, during the heyday of the Religion of Humanity in Latin America, between 1860 and 1946. Comte\'s ideas have influenced intellectuals in all Latin America. However, only his first works were completed disseminate in countries as Argentina, Venezuela and Mex-ico. In these countries the philosophy of Herbert Spencer is more influential. However we will find the Comtean religious positivism in the center of the mind of philosophers as Pereira Barreto, Teixeira Mendes and Miguel Lemos in Brazil and Vic-torino Lastarria and the Brothers Juan Enrique, Jorge and Luis Lagarrigue in Chile. Their works received great influence of Comtes Religion of the Humanity, more than any coun-try in Latin America. In this work, we will give an overview of these thoughts in Brazil and Chile, showing in which point the positivism were unusual in these two countries, in opposite of the rest of Latin America. We also study the intellectual biographies of this philosophers and how the Comtes ideas influenced they works and speeches and how their convert themselves in to Religion of Humanity. Finally, we will focus in their vocabularies: terms and slogans more used by these thinkers in their publications, letters and speeches. We selected and analyzed the terms and slogans according with their relative im-portance in Comtes positivism and in the works of Latin American Philosophers, trans-lated to Spanish or Portuguese. This vocabulary will help us understand the general historical overview on the work of these positivist thinkers and its relevance intellectual, cultural, political and histori-cal in Brazil and Chile.
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Nogueira, Claudia Albagli. "O papel do discurso jurídico no direito pós-positivista: breve análise de decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10713.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo delinear o papel do discurso jurídico no pós-positivismo, utilizando-se de análise de acórdãos selecionados do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O pós-positivismo surge no berço da pós-modernidade com uma exigência das múltiplas facetas sociais contemporâneas e se estabelece como superação do paradigma positivista para afirmação de uma nova forma de interpretar e aplicar o direito. Considera uma perspectiva mais valorativa, inserindo no processo decisório elementos além da letra da lei, a exemplo dos princípios, dos precedentes judiciais e de informações técnicas pertinentes aos fatos levados à decomposição do juiz, tudo em busca de uma decisão mais justa e razoável. Neste cenário ingressa o discurso jurídico como instrumento materializador dessa nova ótica do direito, através da construção argumentativa que possibilita ao julgador ligar o sistema de regras e princípios aos procedimentos, mais especificamente, o processo judicial. Para comprovação da hipótese levantada na pesquisa, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica que forma o lastro teórico, com base nos autores Robert Alexy, Theodor Viehweg, Chaim Perelman e Neil MacCormick, bem como, foram analisados três acórdãos intencionalmente selecionados, para uma abordagem prática da questão central. Concluiu-se que o papel do discurso jurídico no direito pós-positivista é funcionar como facilitador de uma lógica diferenciada de raciocínio e legitimador de decisões judiciais.
Salvador
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McMorrow, Thomas. "Law at L'Arche : reflections from a critical legal pluralist perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112606.
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This thesis is an on-the-ground exploration of the radical hypothesis that each individual human being bears responsibility for constructing order out of the overwhelming plurality and dissonance of normative experience. It constitutes an empirically-based, critical legal pluralist analysis of everyday life at L'Arche Montreal---a community serving persons with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the active role persons with intellectual disabilities living at L'Arche Montreal play in constructing legal normativity.
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Strowel, Marie. "Ideological consistency in Giuseppe Prezzolini's early writings (1903-1908)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389771.
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Brew, A. "Research as learning." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380682.
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Carnegie, F. L. "Language theory and urban design." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323128.
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Kirby, Coel Thomas. "Exorcising Matovu's ghost : legal positivism, pluralism and ideology in Uganda's appellate courts." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112605.
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In 1966, the High Court of Uganda legitimised the new nation's first coup d'etat. After two decades of civil war, Ugandans enacted their first popular constitution in 1995. However, the judiciary's dominant positivist ideology, Matovu's ghost, still haunts the new legal order. The author sets out this ideology's presumptions and then critiques them against an alternative, pluralist map of laws in Uganda.The constructive analysis of recent case law (or lack thereof) that follows shows how this ideology undermines the constitution's promises of equality and freedom. This pluralist methodology is also essential to explain contemporary crises like the Lord's Resistance Army, arms proliferation in Karamoja and Museveni's "no-party" rule. In conclusion, exorcising Matovu's ghost is a priority for Ugandans and the process deserves considered thought for legal scholars advocating the "rule of law" or interventions by the International Criminal Court.
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Mesquita, Márcio Satalino. "O positivismo jurídico como fundamento da educação do bacharel em direito: a concepção do objeto como condicionante do modo de ensino." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2788.
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Previous issue date: 2005-12-16Starting from the idea that the philosophical law conception accepted, consciously or unconsciously, determines, or at least conditiones significantly, the law teaching, the author examines the legal acts that rules the law schools curriculum directives in Brazil, as well as the educational programs and some courses descriptions of law graduation at the USP Universidade de São Paulo Law School and FADISC Faculdades Integradas de São Carlos Law School, and questions of some admission examinations of Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, Seção de São Paulo (Brazil s Bar Association, Section of São Paulo). This analysis, which includes an examination of accepted bibliography references and other teaching practices, is done aiming at the identification of the determinations or conditionings of legal positivism accepted as the predominant philosophical law conception in Brazil about the teaching way. Towards, the author describes the legal positivism concept and identifies its main characteristics, mainly its more sophisticated version, using the Hans KELSEN s work, specially referring to the distinguishing between Natural Law and Positive Law, as well as referring to the supremacy of statute as law source and about its hermeneutics peculiarities. The author makes an effort to establishes distinguishings and similarities between legal positivism and Auguste COMTE s positivism, as well as between legal positivism and neo-positivism. The issue of the practicability of a juridical science understood as the currently dominant paradigm and as relevant legal positivism characteristic is treated by the author incidentally, making criticisms about objective verifiability of legal rules, about legal or illegal human behaviors; about the possibility of legal logics development; and about the juridical science object delimitation, based on the Karl POPPER s empiric science concept. For the criticism of the juridical science object delimitation, in the conception of the legal positivism, the author develops, as a category of analysis, the statute fetishism concept, based on Karl MARX s commodity fetishism concept. Throughout the examination of the mentioned empiric data, including comparative analysis with statute texts, the author establishes the characteristics of the so called Positivist Law Teaching, about curriculum directives, the way of making the curriculum, the courses contents, the doctrine and the evaluation way. Finally, the author indicates the consequences of positivist law teaching, concerning to normative reductionism, normative abstractionism, non-historicism, and legal technicism, and proposes a new approach of law teaching, about the abandoning of scientific paradigm, and about the enlargement of the study object limits.
Partindo da idéia de que a concepção filosófica adotada, de forma consciente ou inconsciente, sobre o Direito determina, ou ao menos condiciona significativamente, o ensino jurídico, o autor examina os atos normativos que disciplinam as diretrizes curriculares dos cursos de Direito no Brasil, bem como as grades curriculares e conteúdos programáticos de algumas disciplinas dos cursos de graduação em Direito da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo e das Faculdades Integradas de São Carlos, e ainda questões de alguns exames de admissão na Seção de São Paulo da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil. Essa análise, que inclui ainda o exame de referências bibliográficas adotadas, e outras práticas de ensino, é feita visando identificar a existência de determinações ou condicionamentos do positivismo jurídico tido como concepção filosófica do Direito dominante no Brasil sobre o modo de ensino. Para tanto, o autor delineia conceitualmente o positivismo jurídico e identifica suas principais características, notadamente em sua corrente teoricamente mais sofisticada, valendo-se da obra de Hans KELSEN, e em especial no que se refere à distinção entre direito natural e direito positivo, bem como com relação à supremacia da lei como fonte do Direito, e quanto às peculiaridades da sua hermenêutica. Nesse esforço, o autor estabelece ainda distinções e similitudes entre o positivismo jurídico e o positivismo comteano, bem como entre o positivismo jurídico e o neo-positivismo. A questão da viabilidade de uma ciência do Direito tida como paradigma atualmente dominante e como característica relevante do positivismo jurídico é tratada pelo autor incidentalmente, sendo feitas críticas quanto ao tema da verificabilidade objetiva das proposições jurídicas sobre a existência das normas jurídicas, e sobre a licitude das condutas humanas; e também quanto o tema da possibilidade de desenvolvimento de lógicas jurídicas; e da delimitação do objeto da ciência do Direito, com base na concepção de ciência empírica de Karl POPPER. Para a crítica da delimitação do objeto da ciência do Direito, na concepção juspositivista, o autor desenvolve, como categoria de análise, o conceito de fetichismo da lei, inspirado no conceito de fetichismo da mercadoria de Karl MARX. Mediante o exame dos dados empíricos referidos, inclusive utilizando-se de análises comparativas com textos legais, o autor estabelece as características do que denomina ensino positivista do Direito, quanto às diretrizes curriculares, ao modo de elaboração do currículo, ao conteúdo programático, à doutrina e ao modo de avaliação. Por fim, o autor aponta conseqüências do ensino positivista do Direito, quanto ao reducionismo normativista, ao normativismo abstrato, ao a-historicismo, e ao tecnicismo jurídico, e formula propostas para uma nova abordagem do ensino do Direito, quanto ao abandono do paradigma cientificista, e quanto à ampliação dos limites do objeto de estudo.
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Monteiro, Marli [UNESP]. "Positivismo e direito: a semântica construtiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91759.
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monteiro_m_me_mar.pdf: 275033 bytes, checksum: a82afe7739fb5f0477a2387b15167e7c (MD5)A presente dissertação apresenta o positivismo como teoria do direito que procurou na cientificidade, explicar de forma racional as questões sociais, defendendo o progresso como resultado do autogoverno. No entanto, ao se afastar das necessidades enfrentadas pela sociedade, o positivismo entra em declínio, emergindo a interpretação dos fenômenos como uma nova forma de diagnosticar os problemas sociais. A explicação do fenômeno jurídico não é uma questão de raciocínio puro, mas também de elemento valorativo, devendo os fatos serem revelados de acordo com princípios admitidos na vida social, mostrando que o instrumental da lógica mostra-se insuficiente para representar a argumentação necessária para o direito. A lei só se caracteriza completamente como norma legal se relacionada à vivência moral humana, na medida em que se distingue da experiência que lhe deu origem. Pensar o direito é, portanto, pensar o seu campo de incidência e qual a sua interpretação, para fazer deste o melhor dos mundos possíveis
The presente dissertation introduce the positivism how theory of law that sought in scientism, explain in a rational social issues, defending the progress as a result of self-government. However, the move away from social needs, positivism declines. The explanation of the legal phenomenon is not a matter of pure reasoning, but also evaluative element, and the facts be disclosed in acccordance in with principles accepted in society, showing that the instrumental logic is insufficient to represent the necessary arguments for the right. The law shall be defined as completely legal provision related to human moral experience, as distinguished from experience that caused it. Thinking the right to think their area of coverage and what their interpretation
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Menezes, Cláudio Armando Couce de. "Trabalho e direito: o trabalho como preocupação central do direito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20799.
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This study has the purpose of reviewing the relation between work, legal science and philosophy of law, aiming at highlighting the importance of the phenomenon for these branches of knowledge. Beliefs originating in the positivist tradition, which are the basis of the said scientific knowledge, could explain such a distance that is strictly rational, although derived from relations of power, ideology and interest of the classes that manage it, and the labor phenomenon, thus eliminated from the field of visibility of science and moved to the non-prestigious plan of non-science. On account of the failure of the plan of the so-called human sciences to connect with its own object, they prefer to act the way exact sciences do, that is, to embrace an alleged neutrality. Therefore, in this text, we urge for the need of a reassessment of principles and priorities of the legal knowledge, which must see what is outside again, thereby placing both man and work at the core of their concerns
Este estudo propõe rever a relação entre trabalho, ciência jurídica e filosofia do direito, visando destacar a importância do fenômeno do trabalho para esses ramos do conhecimento. Crenças originárias da tradição positivista, base do saber científico, poderiam explicar tal distanciamento que se quer estritamente racional, embora oriundo das relações de poder, ideologia e interesse das classes que o manejam, e o fenômeno laboral, assim retirado do campo de visibilidade da ciência e deslocado ao plano não prestigiado da não ciência . Neste texto, diante do malogro projeto das ciências humanas em ligar-se ao seu próprio objeto, preferindo, ao modo das ciências exatas, apartar-se no lugar de suposta neutralidade, alertamos para a necessidade de uma reavaliação de princípios e prioridades dos saberes jurídicos, que devem voltar a olhar para fora de si e colocar o homem e o trabalho no centro de suas preocupações
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Nakano, Vinícius Wagner de Sousa Maia. "DO POSITIVISMO AO NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO: UMA ABORDAGEM DO PONTO DE VISTA SEMIÓTICO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2664.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-26Este trabalho foi elaborado dentro da perspectiva multidisciplinar do programa de mestrado da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, em Direito, Relações Internacionais e Desenvolvimento, tendo como objetivo aproximar o estudo do direito dos estudos sobre a linguagem. Principiando pela apresentação de teorias linguísticas como metadiscursos da linguagem e passando pela análise do positivismo e constitucionalismo como metadiscursos jurídicos, buscamos ao final a associação desses dois universos no intuito de verificar se as mudanças havidas no mundo jurídico podem ser traduzidas em termos linguísticos na passagem do estruturalismo para o dialogismo. E a base teórica do trabalho sustenta-se no dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin. O trabalho está dividido em três capítulos. O capítulo 1 compreende a abordagem dos metadiscursos linguísticos estruturalista e dialógico, nas perspectivas de Ferdinand de Saussure e Mikhail Bakhtin. O Capítulo 2 compreende a análise do positivismo e do constitucionalismo, a partir da abordagem linguística, no desenrolar histórico, ocasião em que tentamos associar os fenômenos. O Capítulo 3 compreende a análise da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 3510/DF, a partir da abordagem associada entre o neoconstitucionalismo e o dialogismo. A hipótese investigada enuncia que o neoconstitucionalismo é o fenômeno jurídico que traduzido em termos linguísticos representa a passagem do estruturalismo para o dialogismo. O resultado, diferente do que foi suposto inicialmente, conforma a hipótese, mas com reservas, já que o discurso jurídico se põe com precedência sobre os demais no âmbito das discussões travadas nos tribunais. Ao invés de uma imbricação semiótica, o resultado de um julgamento assume caráter preponderantemente jurídico, não fugindo do modelo estruturalista, em que pese a abertura da discussão que passou a envolver outras áreas do conhecimento, o que leva a admitirmos que houve maior prática dialógica, sem que isso tenha reconfigurado por completo o modelo proposto na teoria pura do direito.
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Ringuedé, Yohann. "Une crise du moderne : science et poésie dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2203/document.
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Les relations qui unissent le savoir scientifique et la poésie de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle sont complexes. Longtemps fort minoré par l’histoire littéraire, le dialogue qu’entretiennent ces deux entités oscille entre modernité scientifique et modernités poétiques. Tour à tour conflictuelles ou fraternelles, ces modalités de dialogues multiples et contradictoires se révèlent pourtant symptomatiques d’une époque en crise vis-à-vis à la fois du genre poétique et d’un scientisme en voie d’essoufflement. L’analyse stylistique – systématiquement informée par le contexte de production – et l’épistémocritique permettent de rendre compte d’une histoire parallèle et longtemps éclipsée de la modernité : tandis que le poème moderne se proclame de plus en plus autonome, tandis que la science a tendance à se spécialiser au point de n’être plus transmissible, le dialogue de la science et de la poésie, loin de disparaître, se complexifie. Le poète ne se contente plus d’exposer thématiquement des éléments de savoirs, sur les modèles antérieurs de Lucrèce et Jacques Delille. L’influence de la science se fait plus profonde et plus structurelle : le poème emprunte sa langue savante pour exprimer les angoisses du sujet lyrique, la poétologie entre dans le laboratoire de l’expérimentation. Ce faisant, l’impact de la science sur le travail poétique, quoique souterrain, devient déterminant dans les reformulations innovantes de la poésie de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Deux modernités s’observent alors, se détournent parfois l’une de l’autre, s’entrecroisent ailleurs. C’est l’histoire des modalités de cette cohabitation difficile que la présente étude a cherché à mettre au jourThe links between scientific knowledge and poetry during the second half of the 19th century are complex. Whereas literary history has downplayed its importance for a long time, the dialogue between those two entities wavers between scientific and poetic modernities. And yet, the multiple and contradictory forms of that dialogue, both conflictual and fraternal, turn out to be symptomatic of an era in crisis, where poetry as well as scientism seemed to be running out of steam. Stylistic analysis – systematically informed by the historical context – and epistemocritic allow to tell the parallel story of an hidden modernity: while the modern poem claims increasing autonomy, while science tends to specialize so much that it is no longer communicable, the dialogue between science and poetry, far from disappearing, becomes more complex. The poet is no longer satisfied with thematically exhibiting elements of knowledge, according to previous models of Lucretius and Jacques Delille. The influence of science becomes deeper and more structural: the poem borrows its scientific language to express the anxieties of the lyrical subject, poetics enters the laboratory of experimentation. As a result, the impact of science on poetical work, albeit underground, plays a determinant role in the innovative reformulations of the poetry of the second half of the 19th century. Two modernities then observe each other, sometimes turn away from each other, sometimes intersect. The story of this difficult cohabitation is what this study has attempted to uncover
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Rosenqvist, Mathias. "Waiting for “the black flower of civilization to bloom” : Shades of Modernity in J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8233.
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Jenkins, Maricarmen Marshall. "Philosophical assumptions in legal philosophy : a critique of contemporary philosophy of law /." *McMaster only, 1998.
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Seldén, Daniel. "Om det som är : ontologins metodologiska relevans inom positivism, relativism och kritisk realism /." Göteborg : Dept. of Sociology, Göteborg University, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013152388&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Harrington, Katherine. "Art, science and social progress : a study of John Ruskin's engagement with positivism." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246866.
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This thesis contributes to the understanding of Ruskin's relationship to nineteenthcentury science through the consideration of his specific engagement with British positivism. This engagement is analysed within the context of attempts to determine the importance of science and art for social progress. The first chapter reads Modern Painters (1843-1860) as a response to John Stuart Mill's System of Logic (1843) and shows that Ruskin's participation in the constitution of Victorian science is greater than previously recognized. The second chapter focuses on Ruskin's critique in Unto this Last (1862) of Mill's positivist view of political economy. The third chapter considers Frederic Harrison's positivist reading of the social significance of Ruskin's life in his biography, John Ruskin (1902). The thesis shows that Ruskin's engagement with positivism is more extensive and more diverse than previously acknowledged.
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Yu, R. M.-L. "George Eliot and John Stuart Mill : Liberal positivism and the handling of determinism." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383327.
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Jowitt, Joshua. "The necessary moral foundation of law : a Gewirthian critique of contemporary inclusive positivism." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12651/.
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How does law possess the normative force it requires to direct our actions? This seemingly innocuous question is of central importance to the philosophy of law and, by extension, of the very concept of law itself, and it is hoped that this thesis will make a contribution which can further our capacity to provide a satisfactory answer. The argument put forward will be one coming from the Natural Law tradition, in that it claims that the normative force of law has a necessary connection to morality. In order to be successful in this enterprise, two things will need to be demonstrated. Firstly, a commitment to the concept of moral truths is required; secondly, these moral truths must be identifiable through human reason. It will be argued that these conditions are met by Alan Gewirth’s Principle of Generic Consistency, which attempts to locate the existence of universally applicable moral norms through a dialectically necessary argument grounded in the truism of noumenal agency. Such an argument, if correct, will demonstrate that a universalised instrumental reason necessarily serves as a categorical imperative to bind all agents to adhere to its absolute and exclusionary requirements against behaviour that would be non-compliant. This has implications for legal theory, in that positive law is a product of human, and therefore agential, activity. If the PGC applies to all agential behaviour, a circumstance might arise in which a rule claiming the status of law might contradict its requirements. This thesis argues that, in such circumstances, the PGC requires agents to deny the normative force claimed by the non-compliant rule, thus demonstrating that (RM x, - Φ) > (RL x, Φ). Contemporary positivist theories will then be critiqued against this claim to establish the extent to which they overcome the necessary link between law and morality thus established.
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Himma, Kenneth Einar. "A positivist account of legal principles /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5720.
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