Relevant bibliographies by topics / Positive-only data

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Positive-only data'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Positive-only data"

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Qin, Xiangju, Yang Zhang, Chen Li, and Xue Li. "Learning from data streams with only positive and unlabeled data." Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 40, no. 3 (January 5, 2013): 405–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10844-012-0231-6.

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Terada, Yoshikazu, Issei Ogasawara, and Ken Nakata. "Classification from only positive and unlabeled functional data." Annals of Applied Statistics 14, no. 4 (December 2020): 1724–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/20-aoas1404.

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Becerra-Bonache, Leonor. "Learning SECp Languages from Only Positive Data." Triangle, no. 8 (June 29, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/triangle8.1-18.

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The eld of Grammatical Inference provides a good theoretical framework for investigating a learning process. Formal results in this eld can be relevant to the question of rst language acquisition. However, Grammatical Inference studies have been focused mainly on mathematical aspects, and have not exploited the linguistic relevance of their results. With this paper, we try to enrich Grammatical Inference studies with ideas from Linguistics. We propose a non-classical mechanism that has relevant linguistic and computational properties, and we study its learnability from positive data.
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Daneshpazhouh, Armin, and Ashkan Sami. "Semi-Supervised Outlier Detection with Only Positive and Unlabeled Data Based on Fuzzy Clustering." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 24, no. 03 (June 2015): 1550003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213015500037.

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The task of semi-supervised outlier detection is to find the instances that are exceptional from other data, using some labeled examples. In many applications such as fraud detection and intrusion detection, this issue becomes more important. Most existing techniques are unsupervised. On the other hand, semi-supervised approaches use both negative and positive instances to detect outliers. However, in many real world applications, very few positive labeled examples are available. This paper proposes an innovative approach to address this problem. The proposed method works as follows. First, so
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Tomeo, Paolo, Ignacio Fernández-Tobías, Iván Cantador, and Tommaso Di Noia. "Addressing the Cold Start with Positive-Only Feedback Through Semantic-Based Recommendations." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 25, Suppl. 2 (December 2017): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488517400116.

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Recommender systems aim to provide users with accurate item suggestions in a personalized fashion, but struggle in the case of cold start users, for whom there is a scarcity of preference data. User preferences can be either explicitly stated by the users — often by means of ratings —, or implicitly acquired by a system — for instance by mining text reviews, search queries, and purchase records. Recommendation methods have been mostly designed to deal with numerical ratings. However, real scenarios with user preferences expressed in the form of binary and unary (positive-only) feedback, e.g. t
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Leibowitz, Arleen A., and Katherine Desmond. "Do Only 21% of HIV-Positive Medicaid Enrollees Link to Treatment? Challenges in Interpreting Medicaid Claims Data." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 40, no. 7 (July 2013): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000430802.91969.98.

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Cheng, Zhanzhan, Shuigeng Zhou, and Jihong Guan. "Computationally predicting protein-RNA interactions using only positive and unlabeled examples." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 13, no. 03 (May 15, 2015): 1541005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021972001541005x.

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Protein–RNA interactions (PRIs) are considerably important in a wide variety of cellular processes, ranging from transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression to the active defense of host against virus. With the development of high throughput technology, large amounts of PRI information is available for computationally predicting unknown PRIs. In recent years, a number of computational methods for predicting PRIs have been developed in the literature, which usually artificially construct negative samples based on verified nonredundant datasets of PRIs to train classi
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Kamaludin, Hazalila, Hairulnizam Mahdin, and Jemal H. Abawajy. "Filtering Redundant Data from RFID Data Streams." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7107914.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enabled systems are evolving in many applications that need to know the physical location of objects such as supply chain management. Naturally, RFID systems create large volumes of duplicate data. As the duplicate data wastes communication, processing, and storage resources as well as delaying decision-making, filtering duplicate data from RFID data stream is an important and challenging problem. Existing Bloom Filter-based approaches for filtering duplicate RFID data streams are complex and slow as they use multiple hash functions. In this paper, we prop
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KOBAYASHI, SATOSHI, and TAKASHI YOKOMORI. "FAMILIES OF NONCOUNTING LANGUAGES AND THEIR LEARNABILITY FROM POSITIVE DATA." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 07, no. 04 (December 1996): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054196000221.

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This paper introduces some subclasses of noncounting languages and presents some results on the learnability of the classes from positive data. We first establish several relationships among the language classes introduced and the class of reversible languages. Especially, we introduce the notion of local parsability, and define a class (k, l)-CLTS, which is a subclass of the class of concatenations of strictly locally testable languages. We show its close relation to the class of reversible languages. We then study on the relationship between the closure of the Boolean operations and the lear
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Sakai, Tomoya, and Nobuyuki Shimizu. "Covariate Shift Adaptation on Learning from Positive and Unlabeled Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 4838–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33014838.

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The goal of binary classification is to identify whether an input sample belongs to positive or negative classes. Usually, supervised learning is applied to obtain a classification rule, but in real-world applications, it is conceivable that only positive and unlabeled data are accessible for learning, which is called learning from positive and unlabeled data (PU learning). Furthermore, in practice, data distributions are likely to differ between training and testing due to, for example, time variation and domain shift. The covariate shift is a dataset shift situation, where distributions of c
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Positive-only data"

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Mitchell, Andrew Computer Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "An approach to boosting from positive-only data." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Computer Science and Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20678.

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Ensemble techniques have recently been used to enhance the performance of machine learning methods. However, current ensemble techniques for classification require both positive and negative data to produce a result that is both meaningful and useful. Negative data is, however, sometimes difficult, expensive or impossible to access. In this thesis a learning framework is described that has a very close relationship to boosting. Within this framework a method is described which bears remarkable similarities to boosting stumps and that does not rely on negative examples. This is surprising since
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Tavares, Lucas Alves. "O envolvimento da proteína adaptadora 1 (AP-1) no mecanismo de regulação negativa do receptor CD4 por Nef de HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06012017-113215/.

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O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) é o agente etiológico da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). A AIDS é uma doença de distribuição mundial, e estima-se que existam atualmente pelo menos 36,9 milhões de pessoas infectadas com o vírus. Durante o seu ciclo replicativo, o HIV promove diversas alterações na fisiologia da célula hospedeira a fim de promover sua sobrevivência e potencializar a replicação. A rápida progressão da infecção pelo HIV-1 em humanos e em modelos animais está intimamente ligada à função da proteína acessória Nef. Dentre as diversas ações de Nef está a regula
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Mitchell, Andrew R. "An approach to boosting from positive-only data /." 2004. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20050505.025314/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Positive-only data"

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van Schalkwyk, François, Stefaan G. Verhulst, Gustavo J. Magalhães, Juan Pane, and Johanna Walker. The Social Dynamics of Open Data. African Minds, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/978-1-928331-56-8.

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The Social Dynamics of Open Data is a collection of peer reviewed papers presented at the 2nd Open Data Research Symposium (ODRS) held in Madrid, Spain, on 5 October 2016. Research is critical to developing a more rigorous and fine-combed analysis not only of why open data is valuable, but how it is valuable and under what specific conditions. The objective of the Open Data Research Symposium and the subsequent collection of chapters published here is to build such a stronger evidence base. This base is essential to understanding what open datas impacts have been to date, and how positive impa
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Poddubnyy, Denis, and Hildrun Haibel. Treatment: DMARDs. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0021.

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In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) there is little evidence to support use of classical synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), with the majority of studies performed in advanced ankylosing spondylitis. Sulfasalazine is the best investigated DMARD in axSpA. Its positive clinical effect, if any, seems to be more prominent in the presence of peripheral arthritis, although a certain proportion of patients with axial disease might benefit from sulfasalazine therapy. Available data indicate that there is no evidence that methotrexate might be effective in axial disease, and only m
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Falco, Paolo, Henrik Hansen, John Rand, Finn Tarp, and Neda Trifković. Good business practices improve productivity in Myanmar’s manufacturing sector: Evidence from two matched employer–employee surveys. 45th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/983-9.

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We look into the relationship between business practices and enterprise productivity using panel data with matched employer and employee information from Myanmar. The data show that micro, small, and medium-size enterprises in Myanmar typically do only a few modern business practices. Even so, through estimates of value-added functions and labour demand relations we find a positive and economically important association between business practices and productivity. The results are confirmed when we utilize employer–employee information to estimate Mincer-type wage regressions. In combination, t
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Biernacki, Carolina, Prerna Martin, Pablo H. Goldberg, and Moira A. Rynn. Treatments for Pediatric Depression. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0012.

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Practice guidelines recommend psychosocial interventions for mild or brief cases of pediatric depression. In moderate to severe cases, medication treatment is recommended, with or without cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Fluoxetine and escitalopram are the only antidepressants approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration for acute pediatric depression. Among psychosocial interventions, CBT and interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT-A) have the largest evidence base for treatment of depressed youth. Combination treatment with CBT and antidepressant medication is superior to
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Hitt, Michael A., Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Strategy Implementation. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.001.0001.

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Selecting the best strategy is important if a firm is to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage, but many strategies fail not because they are improperly formulated but because they are poorly implemented. Strategy implementation is among the most important and most challenging issues with which top executives must deal, and effective implementation can help firms achieve high performance. Therefore, a greater understanding of the critical dimensions of strategy implementation is needed. This handbook is designed to provide a deeper understanding of topics important for the implementatio
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Wellman, James, Katie Corcoran, and Kate Stockly. High on God. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199827718.001.0001.

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Humans are homo duplex, seeking to be individuals but knowing this is only possible in communities. Thus, humans struggle to integrate these two sides of their nature. Megachurches have been enormously successful at resolving this struggle. How do they do it, and what is it about their structure and rituals that makes so many feel as if they are high on God? The affective energies and emotional valences that characterize religious ecstasy are the primary focus of our study of megachurches. Empirically, humans want and desire forms of what Randall Collins calls “emotional energy.” Drawing on ex
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Honorato, Hercules Guimarães. Relato de uma experiência acadêmica: O "eu" professor-pesquisador - Vol III. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-378-7.

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This study aims to present the plurality of the teacher’s perception, which emerges from the actions taken to minimize the difficulties that come up in remote education. Its relevance is found in the actions and reactions of those involved, and make up possibilities for generating public policies that motivate and foster quality education. The following research question guided this work: What lessons could be learned by those involved in their teaching practice after schools reopen? An exploratory research was carried out, by choosing the methodological approach of qualitative research. Data
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Jirström, Magnus, Maria Archila Bustos, and Sarah Alobo Loison. African Smallholder Farmers on the Move: Farm and Non-Farm Trends for Six Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2002–15. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a broad descriptive background of central aspects of smallholder agriculture in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It offers an up-to-date picture of the current trends of crop production, area productivity, levels of commercialization, and sources of cash incomes among 2,500 farming households. Structured around smallholder production, commercialization, and diversification in the period 2002–15, the chapter points on the one hand at persistent challenges such as low crop yields, low levels of output per farm, and a high degree of subsistence farming, and on the
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Guerin, Dava, Terry Bivens, Jack E. Davis, and Floyd Scholz. The Eagle on My Arm. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180021.001.0001.

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The Eagle on My Arm details the journey to recovery of Vietnam veteran Patrick Bradley. Enlisting at the age of eighteen, Bradley was mortified by the scenes in the North Vietnam jungles, and found himself unable to cope. At a psychiatrist’s recommendation, Bradley traveled to the Canadian wilderness where he spent three years studying and documenting bald eagles and their behavior. He made groundbreaking discoveries during his research, linking the use of chemical DDT to the decrease in southern bald eagle populations. Additionally, he made notable progress in his recovery, able to better con
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Book chapters on the topic "Positive-only data"

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Wang, Xiaoling, Zhen Xu, Chaofeng Sha, Martin Ester, and Aoying Zhou. "Semi-supervised Learning from Only Positive and Unlabeled Data Using Entropy." In Web-Age Information Management, 668–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14246-8_64.

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Zuluaga, Maria A., Don Hush, Edgar J. F. Delgado Leyton, Marcela Hernández Hoyos, and Maciej Orkisz. "Learning from Only Positive and Unlabeled Data to Detect Lesions in Vascular CT Images." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 9–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23626-6_2.

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Vrolijk, Paula, and Renske Keizer. "Children’s Living Arrangements After Divorce and the Quality of the Father-Child Relationship; Father Involvement as an Important Underlying Mechanism." In European Studies of Population, 101–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_6.

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AbstractUsing data from the multi-actor Divorce in Flanders survey, this study aimed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of linkages between children’s living arrangements after divorce and father-child relationship quality. First, we tested whether father involvement and co-parental relationship quality explained linkages between living arrangements and father-child relationship quality. Second, we examined whether child’s loyalty conflicts and child’s sex moderated associations between living arrangements and father-child relationship quality. Finally, we explored whether results differed when fathers or children reported on their relationship. Results show that father-child relationship quality (irrespectively of the reporter) was significantly higher for children living in JPC but only compared to children who live solely with their mother. Furthermore, father involvement explained the association between living arrangements and father-child relationship quality (again irrespectively of the reporter). The co-parental relationship also explained part of this association, but only when children reported on father-child relationship quality. The association between children’s living arrangement and father-child relationship quality was stronger for sons than daughters. This association did not differ by loyalty conflicts. These findings highlight the importance of enabling fathers to remain involved after divorce and having a positive co-parental relationship for maintaining high quality relationships between fathers and children.
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Genoni, Andreas, Jean Philippe Décieux, Andreas Ette, and Nils Witte. "Setting up Probability-Based Online Panels of Migrants with a Push-to-Web Approach: Lessons Learned from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS)." In IMISCOE Research Series, 289–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4_16.

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AbstractWe address two major challenges in setting up probability-based online panels of migrants, using the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) as an example. The first challenge is potential spatial and social selectivity in unit response when using push-to-web recruitment. To address the first challenge, we draw on a split ballot experiment with return migrants in wave 1 of GERPS. The related analysis uses population register data and geo data. We use logistic regressions to compare unit nonresponse between a push-to-web-only control group (n = 5999) and two sub-samples (each n = 1000) with optional paper and pencil interviews (PAPI). The second challenge is panel attrition. To address the second challenge, we investigate the role of individual-level and survey-related factors for panel consent. The regression analysis uses GERPS data of first-wave respondents, estimating panel consent rates for responding remigrants in general (n = 6395) and in the experiment sample (n = 2130). We find that the provision of an optional paper questionnaire marginally increases the likelihood of response. The positive correlation of PAPI and response rate, however, is counterbalanced by a negative correlation with the likelihood of panel consent. This suggests a trade-off scenario to the detriment of either response rates or panel participation rates.
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Nkuba, Michael Robert, Raban Chanda, Gagoitseope Mmopelwa, Akintayo Adedoyin, Margaret Najjingo Mangheni, David Lesolle, and Edward Kato. "Indigenous and Scientific Forecasts on Climate Change Perceptions of Arable Farmers: Rwenzori Region, Western Uganda." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1685–703. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_113.

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AbstractDespite the dissemination of climate information from national meteorological systems, arable farmers still have challenges of dealing with climate-related risks. This study investigated the effect of using indigenous knowledge-based forecasts (IFs) and scientific knowledge-based forecasts (SFs) on the climate change perceptions of arable farmers in the Rwenzori region, Western Uganda. Data on socio-economic characteristics, use of forecasts, and climate change perceptions was collected from 580 arable farmers and the probit model was used in the analysis. The findings indicated that use of IFs only increased the likelihood of perceiving increase in the frequency in occurrences of droughts and floods. Using both SFs and IFs had a significant positive effect on perception of unpredictable rains and the increase in drought incidence among arable farmers. Although forecasts are important drivers of perceptions, other factors, such as gender, social capital, and dissemination of climate change information by radio, enhance climate change perceptions. Active participation of arable farmers in the dissemination of forecasts by national meteorological services could improve perceptions of climate related risks.
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Laskar, Pia. "Pink Porn Economy: Genealogies of Transnational LGBTQ Organising." In Pluralistic Struggles in Gender, Sexuality and Coloniality, 177–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47432-4_7.

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Abstract Studying pre-2000s pink porn magazines reveals the importance of politics in-between in the development of LGBTQ transnational organising in the twentieth century. The usual historical narratives of LGBTQ politics in the North are based on medical or legislative documents or on self-identified queers’ descriptions of their own interactions with these discourses. However, these discourses and data only capture parts of how twentieth-century queers developed sexual subjectivity, became nationally and transnationally organised, and conducted sexual politics. This chapter uses Claire Colebrook’s (Understanding Deleuze. Australia: Allen and Unwin, 2002) feminist engagement in Deleuze’s and Guattari’s concept device to discuss transnational political networks that rhizomatically connected the makers, disseminators and subscribers of male same-sex porn magazines produced in Denmark and Sweden between 1960 and 1980. The concepts enable an analysis of the messy entanglement of desire, subjectivity processes, consumption, organising and activism, and of the shaping of certain queer communities of belonging while also excluding others. The application of gender analysis to the entanglement of pink porn economies in queer transnational networks sheds a genealogical light on the historical division between the emergence of vis-à-vis lesbian and gay networks and politics—and on the tensions between them regarding so-called positive or negative sexual rights in the decades to come.
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Ntouros, Vasileios, Nikolaos Kampelis, Martina Senzacqua, Theoni Karlessi, Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos, Dionysia Kolokotsa, and Cristina Cristalli. "Smart Meter Awareness in Italy, Ancona." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 47–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_4.

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AbstractSmart meters, one of the crucial enablers of the smart-grid concept and cornerstones in smart planning for cities, offer the opportunity for consumers to address their energy consumption effectively through timely and accurate data on their energy usage. However, previous studies have shown that smart meters may not lead to the desired energy savings unless actively used by households. To this end, the research presented in this paper investigates the penetration of smart meters at community level and explores how such a metering system can help people to understand and manage their energy use better. It examines the awareness about smart meters, looks into their presence in current accommodation and focuses on the views people have about smart meters. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a group of individuals residing in the wide area of Ancona province in Italy. Although the deployment of modern second-generation smart meters started in 2017 replacing the outdated smart meters massively installed in the 2000s, the results show low-to-moderate levels of awareness of modern smart meters among the respondents and a low presence of second-generation metering devices in their current accommodation. However, the general view expressed by the participants about smart meters is positive. The findings demonstrate that respondents are in need not only of a gauge that measures energy consumption but also of a tool that assists them to manage effectively their energy use.
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von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "Land." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century, 105–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_5.

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AbstractPrivate wealth is comprised in part of capitalized future land rents. The Golden Rule of Accumulation is preserved even if we introduce land into our meta-model. Urban land is far more valuable than agricultural land. The risk tied to land leads to a reduction in its value in the form of a “risk premium” α > 0. Land rents can be taxed without any possibility of the tax being passed on to tenants and without loss of efficiency. If the tax is offset by a reduction in income tax, their taxation can even give rise to efficiency gains and positive distributive effects. The possibility of government intervention in the residential rental market represents a further risk for landowners. The sensitivity of the value of land to changes in the interest rate and hence the risk premium α rise with falling interest rates. In light of these many different risks, land as investment can only to a limited extent be a substitute for government bonds and hence for increasing private wealth by way of public debt. We calculate the value of land as asset category in the OECD plus China region. To this end, we primarily rely on data from statistical offices that provide figures for land in their national balance sheets. Our calculations show that the value of land in the countries of the OECD plus China region is about twice annual consumption in the region.
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Zimba, Josephine M., and Emma T. Liwenga. "Effects of conservation agriculture on farmers' livelihoods in the face of climate change in Balaka district, Malawi." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 44–58. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0044.

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Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA) has been highly promoted due to its potential to ensure high crop yields even in the face of changes in climatic factors. However, the actual benefits associated with CA are not only focused on food security but are also site specific. This study sought to understand the benefits of CA in improving livelihoods in a changing climate in Hanjahanja and Sawali sections of Bazale Extension Planning Area in Balaka District. Specifically, it analysed CA's contribution to farmers' livelihoods and also the challenges and opportunities of CA in climate change adaptation. Data was collected through household surveys (n = 153), key informant interviews (n = 9), focus group discussions and field observations. The study found that due to CA adoption, the majority of the farmers in both Hanjahanja and Sawali sections had realized positive livelihood outcomes, mainly through improved food security and increased incomes. Despite the similarity, Hanjahanja farmers reported decrease in yields in seasons marred by floods. However, farmers faced several challenges due to CA adoption, which included high labour demands, rainfall variability and lack of inputs. Even so, improvement in soil moisture, soil erosion control, improved food security, presence of several institutions and enabling environment offered more opportunities of CA in adapting to climate change. CA, therefore, improves the livelihoods of the farmers except in times of floods. Hence, deliberate policies by the government to promote adoption of CA are required to take advantage of the benefits of CA. Research should also be done on how best to reduce the negative effects of CA on farmers' livelihoods.
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Viswanath, Navin, and Rajshekhar Sunderraman. "A Paraconsistent Relational Data Model." In Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications, 18–27. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-242-8.ch003.

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Typically, relational databases operate under the Closed World Assumption (CWA) of Reiter (Reiter, 1987). The CWA is a meta-rule that says that given a knowledge base KB and a sentence P, if P is not a logical consequence of KB, assume ~P (the negation of P). Thus, we explicitly represent only positive facts in a knowledge base. A negative fact is implicit if its positive counterpart is not present. Under the CWA we presume that our knowledge about the world is complete i.e. there are no “gaps” in our knowledge of the real world. The Open World Assumption (OWA) is the opposite point of view. Here, we “admit” that our knowledge of the real world is incomplete. Thus we store everything we know about the world – positive and negative. Consider a database which simply contains the information “Tweety is a bird”. Assume that we want to ask this database the query “Does Tweety fly?”. Under the CWA, since we assume that there are no gaps in our knowledge, every query returns a yes/no answer. In this case we get the answer “no” because there is no information in the database stating that Tweety can fly. However, under the OWA, the answer to the query is “unknown”. i.e. the database does not know whether Tweety flies or not. We would obtain a “no” answer to this query under the OWA only if it was explicitly stated in the database that Tweety does not fly.
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Conference papers on the topic "Positive-only data"

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Elkan, Charles, and Keith Noto. "Learning classifiers from only positive and unlabeled data." In the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1401890.1401920.

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Arjannikov, Tom, and George Tzanetakis. "Histogram-Based Asymmetric Relabeling for Learning from Only Positive and Unlabeled Data." In 2017 16th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2017.000-8.

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Tomeo, Paolo, Ignacio Fernández-Tobías, Tommaso Di Noia, and Iván Cantador. "Exploiting Linked Open Data in Cold-start Recommendations with Positive-only Feedback." In CERI '16: 4th Spanish Conference in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2934732.2934745.

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Daneshpazhouh, Armin, and Ashkan Sami. "Semi-supervised outlier detection with only positive and unlabeled data based on fuzzy clustering." In 2013 5th Conference on Information and Knowledge Technology (IKT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ikt.2013.6620091.

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Su, Guangxin, Weitong Chen, and Miao Xu. "Positive-Unlabeled Learning from Imbalanced Data." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/412.

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Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning deals with the binary classification problem when only positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data are available, without negative (N) data. Existing PU methods perform well on the balanced dataset. However, in real applications such as financial fraud detection or medical diagnosis, data are always imbalanced. It remains unclear whether existing PU methods can perform well on imbalanced data. In this paper, we explore this problem and propose a general learning objective for PU learning targeting specially at imbalanced data. By this general learning objective, state-
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Shinoda, Kazuhiko, Hirotaka Kaji, and Masashi Sugiyama. "Binary Classification from Positive Data with Skewed Confidence." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/460.

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Positive-confidence (Pconf) classification [Ishida et al., 2018] is a promising weakly-supervised learning method which trains a binary classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence. However, in practice, the confidence may be skewed by bias arising in an annotation process. The Pconf classifier cannot be properly learned with skewed confidence, and consequently, the classification performance might be deteriorated. In this paper, we introduce the parameterized model of the skewed confidence, and propose the method for selecting the hyperparameter which cancels out the negative i
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Zhang, Chuang, Chen Gong, Tengfei Liu, Xun Lu, Weiqiang Wang, and Jian Yang. "Online Positive and Unlabeled Learning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/311.

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Positive and Unlabeled learning (PU learning) aims to build a binary classifier where only positive and unlabeled data are available for classifier training. However, existing PU learning methods all work on a batch learning mode, which cannot deal with the online learning scenarios with sequential data. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel positive and unlabeled learning algorithm in an online training mode, which trains a classifier solely on the positive and unlabeled data arriving in a sequential order. Specifically, we adopt an unbiased estimate for the loss induced by the arriving posi
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Yang, Pengyi, Wei Liu, and Jean Yang. "Positive unlabeled learning via wrapper-based adaptive sampling." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/457.

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Learning from positive and unlabeled data frequently occurs in applications where only a subset of positive instances is available while the rest of the data are unlabeled. In such scenarios, often the goal is to create a discriminant model that can accurately classify both positive and negative data by modelling from labeled and unlabeled instances. In this study, we propose an adaptive sampling (AdaSampling) approach that utilises prediction probabilities from a model to iteratively update the training data. Starting with equal prior probabilities for all unlabeled data, our method "wraps" a
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Viola, Rémi, Rémi Emonet, Amaury Habrard, Guillaume Metzler, and Marc Sebban. "Learning from Few Positives: a Provably Accurate Metric Learning Algorithm to Deal with Imbalanced Data." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/298.

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Learning from imbalanced data, where the positive examples are very scarce, remains a challenging task from both a theoretical and algorithmic perspective. In this paper, we address this problem using a metric learning strategy. Unlike the state-of-the-art methods, our algorithm MLFP, for Metric Learning from Few Positives, learns a new representation that is used only when a test query is compared to a minority training example. From a geometric perspective, it artificially brings positive examples closer to the query without changing the distances to the negative (majority class) data. This
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Xu, Yixing, Chang Xu, Chao Xu, and Dacheng Tao. "Multi-Positive and Unlabeled Learning." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/444.

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The positive and unlabeled (PU) learning problem focuses on learning a classifier from positive and unlabeled data. Some methods have been developed to solve the PU learning problem. However, they are often limited in practical applications, since only binary classes are involved and cannot easily be adapted to multi-class data. Here we propose a one-step method that directly enables multi-class model to be trained using the given input multi-class data and that predicts the label based on the model decision. Specifically, we construct different convex loss functions for labeled and unlabeled
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Reports on the topic "Positive-only data"

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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Ke
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Carlsson, Mikael, Julián Messina, and Oskar Nordström Skans. Firm-Level Shocks and Labor Flows. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003002.

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This paper analyzes how labor ows respond to permanent idiosyncratic shifts in rm-level production functions and demand curves using very detailed Swedish micro data. Shocks to rms physical productivity have only modest eects on rm-level employment decisions. In contrast, the paper documents rapid and substantial employment adjustments through hires and separations in response to rm-level demand shocks. The choice of adjustment margin depends on the sign of the shock: rms adjust through increased hires if these shocks are positive and through increased separations if the shocks are negative.
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Carlsson, Mikael, Julián Messina, and Oskar Nordström Skans. Firm-Level Shocks and Labor Flows. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003002.

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This paper analyzes how labor ows respond to permanent idiosyncratic shifts in rm-level production functions and demand curves using very detailed Swedish micro data. Shocks to rms physical productivity have only modest eects on rm-level employment decisions. In contrast, the paper documents rapid and substantial employment adjustments through hires and separations in response to rm-level demand shocks. The choice of adjustment margin depends on the sign of the shock: rms adjust through increased hires if these shocks are positive and through increased separations if the shocks are negative.
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Niconchuk, Michael. Whose Vulnerability? Trauma Recovery in the Reintegration of Former Violent Extremists. RESOLVE Network, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.16.vedr.

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Violent extremism has a trauma problem. Psychological trauma plays a role in the genesis, perpetration, and resolution of violent extremism. Despite evidence attesting to the positive effects of trauma-informed rehabilitation programs and trauma recovery support for armed combatants and criminal offenders, there has been limited donor interest or coordinated policy effort to meaningfully integrate trauma recovery into the design of rehabilitation and reintegration of violent extremists specifically. Research in global mental health confirms trauma is not only relevant to the emergence of viole
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Schnabel, Filipina, and Danielle Aldridge. Effectiveness of EHR-Depression Screening Among Adult Diabetics in an Urban Primary Care Clinic. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0003.

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Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression are important comorbid conditions that can lead to more serious health outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) supports routine screening for depression as part of standard diabetes management. The PHQ2 and PHQ9 questionnaires are good diagnostic screening tools used for major depressive disorders in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This quality improvement study aims to compare the rate of depression screening, treatment, and referral to behavioral health in adult patients with DM2 pre and post-integration of depression screening tools
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information a
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on
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