Journal articles: 'Positive/negative transfer'

1

Osman, Magda. "Positive transfer and negative transfer/antilearning of problem-solving skills." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 137, no. 1 (2008): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.137.1.97.

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Gretchikhin, Leonid. "Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 69, no. 3 (2021): 607–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg69-32109.

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Introduction/purpose: At altitudes of 80 to 40 km, while the spacecraft made of duralumin without a thermal-protective coating was descending from the flight orbit at the first and second cosmic velocities, data were obtained on the increase in density, pressure, and temperature behind the shock front, as well as on the backout of the shock wave from the surface of the descending spacecraft. Methods: Calculations were made of the energy fluxes on the surface of the spacecraft for every 10 km, for convective and radiative heat transfer, as well as for the impact of electrons produced due to ionization of negative ions. Results: At the first cosmic velocity, the greatest energy flux is realized under the influence of an electron flux, and at the second cosmic velocity, radiative heat transfer occurs. In the shock-compressed gas at all the considered altitudes, pressure increases instantly to a value of 109 ÷ 1011 Pa, which leads to a sequential explosion with increasing power resulting in shock waves in the surrounding atmosphere and compression waves in the entire aircraft structure. The last most powerful explosion occurs at an altitude of approx. 40 km. Conclusion: The descending aircraft is destroyed into separate small parts to the size of small dust particles.

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Jajić Novogradec, Marina. "Positive and Negative Lexical Transfer in English Vocabulary Acquisition." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 18, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.18.2.139-165.

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The aim of the paper is to explore the appearance of positive and negative lexical transfer of plurilingual learners in English vocabulary acquisition. Cross-linguistic influences in the study are examined by word translation tasks from Croatian into English, including true, partial, and deceptive cognates or false friends in English, German, and Italian. The results have revealed different language dominances and positive or negative transfer manifestation. Lexical transfer from L4 German is manifested positively, but the Italian language seems to play a dominant role in the acquisition of English vocabulary. The effect of Croatian is manifested both positively and negatively. The study has confirmed previous psycholinguistic studies on the complexity of lexical connections in plurilingual learners and the dynamic interaction of various learning-based factors, such as language recency, proficiency, exposure to languages, the order in which languages are learned, and the formal context in language learning.

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ECKNER, KARL F., JOHN H. SILLIKER, RICHARD B. SMITTLE, and RUSSELL S. FLOWERS. "Enhanced Recovery and Isolation of Salmonella and Listeria Using a Novel Culture-Transfer-Inoculation Device." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.8.725.

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A novel culture-transfer-inoculation device (CTID), comprised of a fiber-foam matrix suspended in the enrichment medium and thereafter used in subsequent transfers and inoculations, was used in the analysis of foods for Salmonella using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method and for Listeria using the FDA and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) procedures. In these studies, the food sample was introduced into the enrichment medium including the CTID. Following incubation, transfer from the primary enrichment culture and subsequent transfers were made by both conventional procedures and by the CTID. Four-hundred-and-twenty-five samples were analyzed for Salmonella of which 115 were positive. Using conventional transfer and inoculation techniques, 87 positive results were observed; whereas using the CTID-modified technique, 112 positive results were obtained. The false-negative rate for the conventional transfer method was 21.7%. A 2.6% false-negative rate was observed with the CTID. The difference between conventional and CTID results were statistically significant (p<0.0160). One-hundred samples were analyzed for Listeria using the FDA method with 32 positive results. Using the CTID 42 positives were detected from the FDA enrichments. One-hundred-and-ninety-eight samples were analyzed using the USDA method with 77 positive results. With the CTID, the same samples yielded 86 positives. No false-negatives resulted through the use of the CTID while a 10.5% to 23.8% rate was observed with the conventional transfer method. The difference between conventional USDA and CTID-modified USDA results were statistically significant (p<0.0086). These data indicate that the fiber-foam matrix of the CTID provides a micro-environment enhancing the sensitivity of the culture methods for the detection of Salmonella and Listeria.

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Miyawaki, Kaori. "Positive and negative transfer in implicit learning of artificial grammar." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): 1PM—067–1PM—067. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_1pm-067.

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Miyawaki, Kaori. "Positive and negative transfer in explicit learning of artificial grammar." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 84 (September 8, 2020): PI—023—PI—023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.84.0_pi-023.

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Chaux, Christelle, Caroline Divert, Patrick Avogadro, and Alain Belli. "Energy Transfer from Negative to Positive Work Phases of Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-01277.

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Chaux, Christelle, Caroline Divert, Patrick Avogadro, and Alain Belli. "Energy Transfer from Negative to Positive Work Phases of Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01277.

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Kanaporis, Giedrius, Laima Valiuniene, Peter R. Brink, and Virginijus Valiunas. "Gap Junction Permeability: Transfer of Negative and Positive Charged Probes." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 287a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.1419.

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Grohmann, Elisabeth, Günther Muth, and Manuel Espinosa. "Conjugative Plasmid Transfer in Gram-Positive Bacteria." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 67, no. 2 (June 2003): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.67.2.277-301.2003.

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SUMMARY Conjugative transfer of bacterial plasmids is the most efficient way of horizontal gene spread, and it is therefore considered one of the major reasons for the increase in the number of bacteria exhibiting multiple-antibiotic resistance. Thus, conjugation and spread of antibiotic resistance represents a severe problem in antibiotic treatment, especially of immunosuppressed patients and in intensive care units. While conjugation in gram-negative bacteria has been studied in great detail over the last decades, the transfer mechanisms of antibiotic resistance plasmids in gram-positive bacteria remained obscure. In the last few years, the entire nucleotide sequences of several large conjugative plasmids from gram-positive bacteria have been determined. Sequence analyses and data bank comparisons of their putative transfer (tra) regions have revealed significant similarities to tra regions of plasmids from gram-negative bacteria with regard to the respective DNA relaxases and their targets, the origins of transfer (oriT), and putative nucleoside triphosphatases NTP-ases with homologies to type IV secretion systems. In contrast, a single gene encoding a septal DNA translocator protein is involved in plasmid transfer between micelle-forming streptomycetes. Based on these clues, we propose the existence of two fundamentally different plasmid-mediated conjugative mechanisms in gram-positive microorganisms, namely, the mechanism taking place in unicellular gram-positive bacteria, which is functionally similar to that in gram-negative bacteria, and a second type that occurs in multicellular gram-positive bacteria, which seems to be characterized by double-stranded DNA transfer.

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Campbell, Jamie I. D., and Nicole D. Robert. "Bidirectional associations in multiplication memory: Conditions of negative and positive transfer." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 34, no. 3 (2008): 546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.34.3.546.

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Goldstein, Brian A., and Ferenc Bunta. "Positive and negative transfer in the phonological systems of bilingual speakers." International Journal of Bilingualism 16, no. 4 (December 2, 2011): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006911425817.

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The present study examines the phonological skills of bilingual children, taking language use and proficiency into consideration, and compares their skills to monolingual peers. The main research question is whether bilingual children who have parent-reported language use and proficiency measures commensurate with those of their monolingual peers have phonological skills comparable to their monolingual peers. METHOD. Thirty typically developing Spanish- and English-speaking children participated in this study who were matched on age and language use and proficiency (10 monolingual English, mean age: 5;10; 10 monolingual Spanish, mean age: 5;10, and 10 bilingual, mean age: 6;0). The independent variable was language status (bilingual versus monolingual), and the dependent measures included phonological whole-word measures, segmental accuracy measures, and phonological patterns. RESULTS. Bilingual children did not differ from their monolingual peers on any of the Spanish measures, except on accuracy for stops, on which the monolinguals outperformed their bilingual peers. However, bilingual children outperformed their monolingual English-speaking peers on Proximity, PVC, PCC-R, and PCC for nasals. Moreover, bilingual children displayed lower frequencies-of-occurrence on phonological patterns than their English-speaking monolingual peers: weak syllable deletion, spirantization, and fronting. DISCUSSION. The findings of our study indicate that bilingual children may have an advantage over their monolingual peers when it comes to select phonological skills when language use and proficiency are controlled for.

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Liu, Jun-Fu, Sylvain Cruchon-Dupeyrat, Jayne C. Garno, Jane Frommer, and Gang-Yu Liu. "Three-Dimensional Nanostructure Construction via Nanografting: Positive and Negative Pattern Transfer." Nano Letters 2, no. 9 (September 2002): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl025670c.

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Campbell, Margaret C., and Caleb Warren. "A risk of meaning transfer: Are negative associations more likely to transfer than positive associations?" Social Influence 7, no. 3 (July 2012): 172–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2012.663740.

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Williams, Douglas A., and Genevieve L. Docking. "Associative and Normative Accounts of Negative Transfer." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 48, no. 4 (November 1995): 976–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749508401425.

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Subjects were given a prediction task in which they had to learn that one cue, P (positive), was followed by the outcome, and a compound of P and another cue, N (negative), was not followed by the outcome. Next, N was tested in compound with a transfer cue, T, which had signalled the outcome but had never been compounded with N. Experiment 1 confirmed an important assumption of the Rescorla–Wagner model (Wagner & Rescorla, 1972) that negation of T should depend on the specific P cue compound with N being positively contingent. Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed the model's prediction that no decrement in negative transfer should be observed following postlearning devaluation of P. Unfortunately, the model did not anticipate that a large proportion of devaluation trials relative to learning trials would attenuate negative transfer (Experiment 4), nor did it predict that negative transfer would occur when P was neutral during the learning stage and was only later made positive (Experiment 3). The results can be accommodated by the Rescorla–Wagner model if one assumes that absent cues have their associative strengths altered.

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Silfiana, Sudarsono, and Dwi Riyanti. "Negative Transfer of Indonesian into English." Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET) 2, no. 3 (July 9, 2023): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v2i3.182.

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First language plays an important role when it comes to learning second language. The process of first language interference in learning second language is called transfer. There are two classifications of transfer. The Positive transfer and negative transfer. This research was done to analyze the negative transfer of Indonesian into English of beginner students who learn English as foreign language. The method of the research was in qualitative descriptive study with the participants of grade-7 students in SMPN 01 Sungai Pinyuh in Academic Year 2021/2022. The data were collected by interviewing the participants and collecting worksheets from the participants. The researcher analyzed the data by using content analysis and transcription. The finding of the study showed that there were many errors made by the students that related to negative transfer and students tended not to realize that they were making mistakes. The results of this research were expected to be useful information for other teachers as a reference in teaching foreign languages and for other researchers with the same topic.

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Mauk, Vincentius, and Nadya Afdholy. "Seller and Buyer Integrated Forms of Indonesian and Tetun Language in Pasar Baru Betun, Central Malaka, Malaka Province." ENLIT Journal 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33654/enlit.v1i1.1261.

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The ability of the Tetun community to use two languages or bilingual will give birth to the transfer or transition of languages. In the transition or transfer of language, two very important things will emerge, namely positive and negative transfers. Negative transfers will cause interference and positive transfers will lead to integration. Integration arises from positive transfer because it benefits both languages from the donor language into the recipient language or the absorbing language. The recipient's language is Tetun and the granting language is Indonesian. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms of language integration Indonesian into Tetun in the conversation of traders and buyers in Pasar Baru Betun, Central Malaka Sub-District, Malaka District. The researcher focused on the integration of Indonesian into Tetun. This type of research is qualitative research, the technique used in collecting data is the technique of record, see and interview. The results of this study indicate that the integration of the Indonesian language into Tetun is in the form of basic words, affixation, reduplication, composite and abreviation (shortening of words).

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Chen, Chen. "A Study on Positive Transfer of Native Language and Second Language Teaching Methods." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1003.06.

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Native language is one of the important factors that affect second language acquisition (SLA). However, compared with the heated discussion about the negative transfer of native language, the positive transfer of native language lacks due attention. Taking Chinese and English as a case study, this paper first reveals the similarities between the two languages, then discusses the positive effects of native language on SLA, and finally explores English teaching methods so as to promote the positive transfer of native language and reduce the negative transfer.

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Zhang, Jiawen. "The Impact of The Language Transfer in Different Age Ranges." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 13 (May 11, 2023): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v13i.7910.

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Language transfers occur when people learn and use different languages. The present literature focuses on studying Second language Acquisition (SLA) or language transfer-related issues. In the modern world, there are many people who acquire and use bilingual or multilingual which has become a common social phenomenon. This research will focus on how language transfer affects different age ranges and different learning environment situations. After studying a large number of literatures on second language acquisition and positive or negative language transfer at different ages, it is found that age and language transfer do not necessarily correlate in a direct way. Language transfer is mostly related to the motivation for learning a second language, the level of learning in L2 and the learning environment. Age has little effect on language transfer. In the other words, age is only one of the factors of positive and negative language transfer rather than the main factor.

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Bai, Lin, and Jie Qin. "A Study of Negative Language Transfer in College Students’ Writing from Cultural Perspective." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0803.05.

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Language and culture are closely related with each other and they are inseparable. Language, as a vehicle of culture, is as well culture’s manifestation. Transfer, as an important notion in Second Language Acquisition (SLA), states the situation of previously existing knowledge being extended and expanded to the gaining of new knowledge. Language transfer can be classified into positive, negative and zero transfer. As for the definition of positive transfer, it is the transfer that helps or facilitates language learning in another situation. Negative transfer is one that interferes with language learning in another situation. How to utilize the positive transfer and avoid negative transfer is of great significance in Foreign Language Teaching (FLT). Aiming to improve college students’ English writing, the author tries to analyze the negative transfer from the cultural perspective. With the guidance of the theory of Language Transfer, the author carries out a research on the students’ writing tasks. Based on the research, author has discovered the interference of their mother tongue in students’ writings shown in idioms, cultural terms and conventions in expression. Therefore, the students are not free to use language to explain their arguments. The study also found these negative transfer are mostly generated by cultural difference. The sources of negative transfer include in the three aspects which are thinking mode, aesthetic perception and religious belief. Thus students should find some solutions and avoid negative transfer efficiently.

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Mutlu, H., E. Silit, Z. Pekkafali, C. C. Basekim, M. Kantarci, and E. Kizilkaya. "Tuberculous Meningitis: Comparison of Contrast Enhanced T1-Weighted and Flair MR Imaging with Magnetization Transfer Contrast." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 18, no. 2 (April 2005): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090501800208.

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Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging with contrast enhancement is highly sensitive for detecting subarachnoid space disease. We hypothesized that contrast-enhanced FLAIR imaging with magnetization transfer would offer superior sensitivity to contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging with magnetization transfer in detecting TB meningitis. Forty-four patients referred for suspected TB meningitis underwent MR imaging studies. The patients had either proven TB meningitis or negative TB meningitis. The MR imaging examinations included both contrast-enhanced FLAIR and T1-weighted MR images with magnetization transfers that were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists. Each of the sequences was reviewed individually and separately and was assigned a score of positive or negative for TB meningitis. Of the 21 studies of patients with proven TB meningitis, nine were positive based on contrast-enhanced FLAIR images with magnetization transfer, and 13 were positive based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images with magnetization transfer. Of the 23 studies of patients without TB meningitis, 19 were negative based on contrast-enhanced FLAIR images, and 20 were negative based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images with magnetization transfer. The sensitivity and specificity for contrast-enhanced FLAIR images for detecting TB meningitis were 43% (nine of 21) and 82% (19 of 23), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images with magnetization transfer for detecting TB meningitis were 62% (13 of 21) and 87% (20 of 23), respectively. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR imaging with magnetization transfer is less sensitive than contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR sequences with magnetization transfer in detecting TB meningitis.

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Otinov, Georgy D., Alina V. Lokteva, Anastasia D. Petrova, Irina V. Zinchenko, Maria V. Isaeva, Evgeny A. Kovtunov, and Elena I. Koshel. "Positive and Negative Effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Antibiotic Resistance Genes Transfer." Antibiotics 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110742.

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Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a critical public health problem in the world. One of the main routes of resistance development is the transfer of genes containing antibiotic resistance cassettes. Gene transfer can be done through horizontal transfer of genes: transduction, conjugation, and transformation. Many factors in the environment influence these processes, and one of them is the action of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), which can appear in the milieu through both biological synthesis and the release of engineered nanomaterial. In this study, the effect of AlOOH, CuO, Fe3O4, TiO2, and ZnO MONPs on the transformation (heat shock transformation) of bacteria Escherichia coli K12, and the conjugation between E. coli cc118 and E. coli Nova Blue were studied. The MONPs were synthesized by one method and fully characterized. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have significantly increased the efficiency of transformation (more than 9-fold), while the other NPs have reduced it to 31 times (TiO2 NPs). AlOOH NPs increased the number of transconjugants more than 1.5-fold, while CuO and Fe3O4 NPs did not have a significant effect on transformation and conjugation. Thus, the data shows that different types of MONPs can enhance or inhibit different gene transfer mechanisms, affecting the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.

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Wang, Ruige, and Xiaoxia Xiang. "On the Function of Mother Tongue Transfer in English Vocabulary Acquisition." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0611.19.

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The theory of mother tongue transfer refers to that the habit of the first language will directly influence the acquisition of the second language, and play its positive and negative functions. As a Chinese learner, English vocabulary learning is inevitably influenced by the Chinese ways of pronunciation, cognitive styles and thought patterns. Based on the language transfer theory, this paper will analyze the influences of Chinese on English vocabulary learning from the positive and negative transfer respectively, and reveal the positive and negative effects of Chinese in the process of English vocabulary acquisition. What this paper intends to convey is to improve the efficiency of English vocabulary learning by investigating the main forms of transfer and finding the reasons of them. It presents some suggestions that language learners should make full use of positive transfer and avoid negative transfer.

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Courvalin, P. "Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.38.7.1447.

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Avramenko, A. A., M. M. Kovetskaya, E. A. Kondratieva, and T. V. Sorokina. "HEAT TRANSFER IN GRADIENT TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, no. 4 (December 22, 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.4.2019.3.

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Effect of pressure gradient on heat transfer in turbulent boundary layer is constantly investigated during creation and improvement of heat exchange equipment for energy, aerospace, chemical and biological systems. The paper deals with problem of steady flow and heat transfer in turbulent boundary layer with variable pressure in longitudinal direction. The mathematical model is presented and the analytical solution of heat transfer in the turbulent boundary layer problem at positive and negative pressure gradients is given. Dependences for temperature profiles and coefficient of heat transfer on flow parameters were obtained. At negative longitudinal pressure gradient (flow acceleration) heat transfer coefficient can both increase and decrease. At beginning of acceleration zone, when laminarization effects are negligible, heat transfer coefficient increases. Then, as the flow laminarization increases, heat transfer coefficient decreases. This is caused by flow of turbulent energy transfers to accelerating flow. In case of positive longitudinal pressure gradient, temperature profile gradient near wall decreases. It is because of decreasing velocity gradient before zone of possible boundary layer separation.

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Brown, John, Chris Godsil, Devlin Mallory, Abigail Raz, and Christino Tamon. "Perfect state transfer on signed graphs." Quantum Information and Computation 13, no. 5&6 (May 2013): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic13.5-6-10.

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We study perfect state transfer of quantum walks on signed graphs. Our aim is to show that negative edges are useful for perfect state transfer. First, we show that the signed join of a negative $2$-clique with any positive $(n,3)$-regular graph has perfect state transfer even if the unsigned join does not. Curiously, the perfect state transfer time improves as $n$ increases. Next, we prove that a signed complete graph has perfect state transfer if its positive subgraph is a regular graph with perfect state transfer and its negative subgraph is periodic. This shows that signing is useful for creating perfect state transfer since no complete graph (except for the $2$-clique) has perfect state transfer. Also, we show that the double-cover of a signed graph has perfect state transfer if the positive subgraph has perfect state transfer and the negative subgraph is periodic.Here, signing is useful for constructing unsigned graphs with perfect state transfer. Finally, we study perfect state transfer on a family of signed graphs called the exterior powers which is derived from a many-fermion quantum walk on graphs.

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Faseehuddin, Mohammad, Sadia Shireen, Sawal Hamid Md Ali, and Worapong Tangsrirat. "Novel Lossless Positive-/Negative-Grounded Capacitance Multipliers Using VCII." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, no. 4 (September 7, 2023): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.34304.

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In the presented research, the second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is used in the design of active capacitance multipliers. In this paper, three positive and one negative lossless grounded capacitance multipliers (GCMs) are designed. All of these GCMs are designed using two VCIIs, one capacitor, and two resistors. There is no need for any passive component matching to implement a GCM. The multiplication factor of GCMs can be set/varied by changing the values of two resistances as per requirement. Considering nonideal constraints, GCMs are analysed mathematically to evaluate the effect of nonideal current and voltage transfer gains on the performance of the proposed GCMs. Also, parasitic analysis is conducted to study the effect of VCII node impedance on the performance of the presented GCMs. The simulation analysis is performed using Cadence Virtuoso in 0.18 µm Silterra Malaysia process design kit (PDK). Additionally, the macro-model of commercially available integrated circuit, AD844, is used to design the proposed GCM-2 to further prove the theoretical findings.

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Yang, Guangyu. "Negative Effects of Language Transfer in Nanjing high school students." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 2466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.5014.

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Pdevious studies focus on exploring the extent of native language influencing second language learning. Therefore, language transfer takes place under this condition. In general, the influence of language transfer on bilingual learners can be divided into positive and negative perspectives. But in the context of Chinese students learning English, language transfer often only brings negative effects. This study will focus on the phenomenon of language transfer among senior high school English learners in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Both participants’ oral communication and writing skills are tested and analyzed to study the main influences of language transfer. After that, some suggestions will be made to Chinese high school English learners.

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Leboe, Jason P., Bruce W. A. Whittlesea, and Bruce Milliken. "Selective and Nonselective Transfer: Positive and Negative Priming in a Multiple-Task Environment." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31, no. 5 (2005): 1001–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.5.1001.

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Bertram, J., M. Strätz, and P. Dürre. "Natural transfer of conjugative transposon Tn916 between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." Journal of Bacteriology 173, no. 2 (1991): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.2.443-448.1991.

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Fiske, Susan T., and Linda M. Dyer. "Structure and development of social schemata: Evidence from positive and negative transfer effects." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48, no. 4 (1985): 839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.839.

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Ding, Xiu-Hao, Yuanqiong He, Jiang Wu, and Chen Cheng. "Effects of positive incentive and negative incentive in knowledge transfer: carrot and stick." Chinese Management Studies 10, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 593–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-01-2016-0006.

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Purpose Employees play a central role in firms’ knowledge transferal, but knowledge-sharing brings significant costs for employees. Thus, this study aims to explore the components of firms’ incentive systems and how these influence employees’ knowledge-sharing, and also to test whether employees’ knowledge-sharing intentions transform into better knowledge transfer performance at the firm level. Design/methodology/approach This study collected data in China, and 219 usable questionnaires were collected. Then, this study used a structure equation model by LISREL for hypotheses testing. Findings This study finds that positive economic incentives, positive relational incentives and negative relational incentives all increase employees’ knowledge-sharing intentions, contributing to firms’ improved knowledge-transfer performance. Thus, both positive and negative incentives and both economic and relational incentives exert influences on employees’ knowledge-sharing activities. Practical implications Because employees have both material and emotional needs and always want to approach good things and avoid bad things, firms should take measures to make their incentive systems more comprehensive. Then, employees can be motivated to share their knowledge effectively. Originality/value Existing studies have mainly explored the effects of positive economic incentives on knowledge transferal. Because individuals have both a promotion self-regulatory focus associated with an approach motivation and a prevention self-regulatory focus associated with an avoidance motivation, and because they have both material and emotional needs, this study classifies incentives into three types and confirms their effectiveness for motivating employees to share knowledge.

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Chen, Zhe, and Marvin W. Daehler. "Positive and negative transfer in analogical problem solving by 6-year-old children." Cognitive Development 4, no. 4 (October 1989): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-2014(89)90031-2.

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Amirnejad, Hamid, Sareh Hosseini, and Mostafa Saberi. "Investigating of the Positive and Negative Consequencesm of Inter-basin Water Transfer Plans." journal of watershed management research 11, no. 22 (October 1, 2020): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jwmr.11.22.263.

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Trieu-Cuot, P., G. Gerbaud, T. Lambert, and P. Courvalin. "In vivo transfer of genetic information between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." EMBO Journal 4, no. 13A (December 1985): 3583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04120.x.

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Xiao, Zhiwen. "Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 19, no. 1 (April 5, 2024): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v19i1.238.

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The discovery of antibiotics has long helped humans in the battle against bacteria. However, the misuse of antibiotics in industries and medical systems has unintentionally provided an ideal environment for bacteria to develop resistance mechanisms through mutations and gene transfer, resulting in the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This has proven to be an urgent and pressing issue in the global healthcare system, resulting in increased mortality. Therefore, increasing resources are invested to study their different resistance mechanisms and develop corresponding novel drugs and treatment methods. This review briefly introduces several key resistance mechanisms with examples from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the current and novel methods for treating multiple drug-resistant bacteria as well as the potential actions that could be done to improve the situation.

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Chon, Jung-Whan, Un Jung Lee, Ryan Bensen, Stephanie West, Angel Paredes, Jinhee Lim, Saeed Khan, Mark E. Hart, K. Scott Phillips, and Kidon Sung. "Virulence Characteristics of mecA-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050659.

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are an important group of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections in hospital settings and are generally resistant to many antimicrobial agents. We report on phenotypic and genotypic virulence characteristics of a select group of clinical, mecA-positive (encoding penicillin-binding protein 2a) CoNS isolates. All CoNS were resistant to two or more antimicrobials with S. epidermidis strain 214EP, showing resistance to fifteen of the sixteen antimicrobial agents tested. Aminoglycoside-resistance genes were the ones most commonly detected. The presence of megaplasmids containing both horizontal gene transfer and antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants indicates that CoNS may disseminate antibiotic resistance to other bacteria. Staphylococcus sciuri species produced six virulence enzymes, including a DNase, gelatinase, lipase, phosphatase, and protease that are suspected to degrade tissues into nutrients for bacterial growth and contribute to the pathogenicity of CoNS. The PCR assay for the detection of biofilm-associated genes found the eno (encoding laminin-binding protein) gene in all isolates. Measurement of their biofilm-forming ability and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analyses revealed that the results of crystal violet (CV) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) assays were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.9153, P = 3.612e-12). The presence of virulence factors, biofilm-formation capability, extracellular enzymes, multidrug resistance, and gene transfer markers in mecA-positive CoNS clinical strains used in this study makes them powerful opportunistic pathogens. The study also warrants a careful evaluation of nosocomial infections caused by CoNS and may be useful in studying the mechanism of virulence and factors associated with their pathogenicity in vivo and developing effective strategies for mitigation.

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Acland, Daniel. "Poverty, Irrationality, and the Value of Cash Transfers." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, no. 2 (2021): 227–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.22.

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AbstractIt has been demonstrated that irrationality reduces the efficiency of individuals’ allocations, as measured by their “true” or rational preferences. There is also evidence that poverty increases irrationality of different sorts. As a result, the net benefit to society of a cash transfer from taxpayers to welfare recipients may not be zero. The fact that the transfer will be allocated less efficiently by the recipients than by the taxpayers will reduce the value of the transfer, while if the transfer increases recipients’ rationality, it will increase the efficiency of the allocation of their pretransfer budgets, thus increasing the value of the transfer. The net effect on society will be positive or negative, depending in large part on the degree to which the transfer increases rationality. I model these effects in the context of present-biased preferences and explore the effect of irrationality, income, and the size of transfer on the value of transfers. I conclude that under a plausible range of conditions, transfers can generate a substantial positive net benefit. I also model the choices of a fully rational paternalist and find little support for paternalistic in-kind transfers.

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Li, Sijia. "The Transfer and Influence of Mother Tongue in English Language Learning." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 35, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/35/20232136.

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With the rapid development of society, communication becomes frequent, language as a medium is particularly important, and the demand for English among Chinese native learners is further expanded. In second language learning, ingrained native thinking deeply influences people, and native thinking is then applied to learning the language. Starting from the theory of the transfer of mother tongue, this paper focuses on the effects of positive and negative the transfer of mother tongue on learners in English learning. Through the methods of comparative analysis and case study, it lists the positive or negative impacts that the possible similarities or differences bring people and analyzes the methods that can avoid the negative the transfer of mother tongue. The purpose is to enable learners to understand the language differences more fully, to minimize the weakening of the negative transfer of the mother tongue, and to overcome the difficulties caused by the negative transfer, which plays an important role in enhancing the learners' learning efficiency and language proficiency. From this research, it can be seen that the transfer and influence of mother tongue in English language learning can not be eliminated. But people can use positive native language transfer positively, and people cannot ignore the threat of overuse of the native language to English language learning either.

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de Wit, Petra, Jenny Doetjes, and Stella Gryllia. "Vragen Stellen In Het Frans." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 82 (January 1, 2009): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.82.05wit.

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The paper reports the results of a pilot experiment carried out by De Wit (2008), investigating the acquisition of French wh-questions by Dutch L2-learners. The results of the experiment (an elicited production task) offer strong evidence for positive and negative transfer. Interestingly, however, the data also suggest the existence of interlanguage grammars that make use of positive transfer, while filtering out the effects of negative transfer.

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Li, Shimin, Qinyuan Cheng, Linyang Li, and Xipeng Qiu. "Mitigating Negative Style Transfer in Hybrid Dialogue System." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 11 (June 26, 2023): 13103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i11.26539.

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As the functionality of dialogue systems evolves, hybrid dialogue systems that accomplish user-specific goals and participate in open-topic chitchat with users are attracting growing attention. Existing research learns both tasks concurrently utilizing a multi-task fusion technique but ignores the negative transfer phenomenon induced by the unique textual style differences. Therefore, contrastive learning based on the latent variable model is used to decouple the various textual genres in the latent space. We devise supervised and self-supervised positive and negative sample constructions for diverse datasets. In addition, to capitalize on the style information contained in the decoupled latent variables, we employ a style prefix that incorporates latent variables further to control the generation of responses with varying styles. We performed extensive experiments on three dialogue datasets, including a hybrid dialogue dataset and two task-oriented dialogue datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can mitigate the negative style transfer issue and achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple dialogue datasets.

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Ratliff, Kate A., and Brian A. Nosek. "Negativity and Outgroup Biases in Attitude Formation and Transfer." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 12 (September 1, 2011): 1692–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211420168.

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In an initial experiment, the behavior of one person had a stronger influence on implicit evaluations of another person from the same group when (a) the attitude was negative rather than positive and (b) the people were outgroup members rather than ingroup members. Explicitly, participants resisted these attitude transfer effects. In a second experiment, negative information formed less negative explicit attitudes when the target was Black than when the target was White, and participants were more vigilant not to transfer that negative attitude to a new Black person. Implicit attitudes, however, transferred to both Black and White targets. Positive information formed stronger positive explicit attitudes when the target was Black than when the target was White, and that evaluation transferred to another Black person both implicitly and explicitly. Even when deliberately resisting outgroup negativity in attitude formation and transfer, people appear unable to avoid it implicitly.

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Yi, Wang. "The Influence of Shandong dialect on English learning." Communications in Humanities Research 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2023): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/10/20231262.

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Phonologythe material shell of languagehas its own peculiarities because language structures and realizations vary. Behaviorist phonological theory implies that prior phonological patterns interfere with second-language communication. Learners inadvertently transfer their native language pronunciation to foreign language acquisition. The transfer is a psychological phrase that used to refer primarily to the influence of former learning on subsequent learning but now refers to the influence of one type of learning on another. Positive and negative transfers exist. English is Indo-European, while Chinese is Sino-Tibetan. distinct language families mean distinct phonological intonation systems and pronunciation patterns, therefore negative transfer of phonological learning is inevitable. Chinese students learn various dialects, each with its own system, and these dialects deeply affect English phonological intonation learning. This paper examines the transfer effect of the Shandong dialect on English phonology and the negative transfer of dialects to English intonation learning. The phonological system differs in terms of consonant parts and pronunciation methods, and the intonation system differs in tone, intonation, stress, and rhythm.

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Kim, Dongsu. "The Relationship of Perceived Positive and Negative Parenting Attitude, Motivational Climate, Life Skills, and Transfer of Adolescent Taekwondo Trainees." World Society of Taekwondo Culture 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18789/jwstc.2023.38.57.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of perceived positive and negative parenting attitude, motivational climate, life skills, and transfer of adolescent Taekwondo trainees. Participants of this study were 294 (average age=15.45) Taekwondo trainees in Pusan including 226 middle school students and 68 high school students. The PSCQ-KA, Korean version of CCS and PMCSQ, KLSSS, and KLSTS were used to measure. After data collection, descriptive statistics, correlation, and structural equation model (SEM) were conducted for data analysis. In the SEM, we tested two models; (a) positive parenting attitude model and (b) negative parenting attitude model. First, positive parenting attitude had a positive effect on motivational climate and life skills. In addition, the path of motivational climate to life skills and life skills to transfer were statistically significant in positive. Second, negative parenting attitude had a negative effect on motivational climate. Furthermore, the path of motivational climate to life skills and life skills to transfer were statistically significant. In conclusion, parents’ positive attitude such as warmth, structure, and autonomy support, is a key component to increasing a positive climate and fostering life skills. In addition, motivational climate improves life skills development.

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Li, Zexi. "The Positive and Negative Transfer Effects of Native Chinese Dialects in Japanese Phonological Learning." Communications in Humanities Research 20, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/20/20231292.

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In recent years, much attention has been paid to research on the positive and negative transfer effects of learners native dialects on foreign language phonological learning. For native Chinese learners, dialects may have both positive and negative effects on learning Japanese phonology. This paper begins with an understanding of the phonetic characteristics of the Wu dialect, followed by an account of the influence of the dialect on Japanese phonological learning, and then discusses this influence with examples from both positive and negative aspects. The main purpose of this paper is to call on learners to strengthen their awareness of phonological differences and to improve their Japanese phonological skills by overcoming the difficulties posed by dialects through active phonological training and learning strategies. At the same time, teachers and educational institutions should provide targeted teaching and guidance based on learners dialectal backgrounds to help learners master the phonetic features of the Japanese language so that they can learn Japanese better.

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Lotze, Nathaniel. "A lect-inclusive perspective on transfer." Journal of Language Teaching 2, no. 8 (July 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54475/jlt.2022.008.

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Contrastive analysis normally focuses on negative transfer and the rather fraught notion of standard language and tends to fall short in its ability to explain transfer, whether negative or positive. The language that learners actually speak is another source of transfer, and to downplay or ignore nonstandard varieties, or lects, is to leave out a crucial variable in the language learning process. This paper calls for a lect-inclusive perspective on transfer: one that recognizes transfer as a function of more variables than contrastive analysis of two standard languages is likely to turn up. The upshot is that there is more room for positive transfer via positive processing instruction when lect is accounted for. This perspective is exemplified by a critique of Smith’s (2001) contrastive analysis of English and Modern Standard Arabic. In the case of Arabic speakers, Arabic lects and/or a non-Arabic L1 or L2 can facilitate language learning. Lect inclusivity complements contrastive analysis of standard language, enabling teachers to draw upon their students’ L1 to support language learning and open up underutilized or unrecognized avenues for positive transfer in the areas covered by Smith (viz., phonology, orthography and pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and culture).

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Dumas, Eve, Cherry Gao, Diana Suffern, Stephen E. Bradforth, Nada M. Dimitrijevic, and Jay L. Nadeau. "Interfacial Charge Transfer between CdTe Quantum Dots and Gram Negative Vs Gram Positive Bacteria." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 4 (February 15, 2010): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902898d.

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Holland, Peter C. "Acquisition and transfer of occasion setting in operant feature positive and feature negative discriminations." Learning and Motivation 22, no. 4 (November 1991): 366–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0023-9690(91)90002-p.

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Ati, Martinus Mau, Januarius Mujiyanto, and Suwandi Suwandi. "The Influence of Kemak Sanirin Dialect Towards Studentsâ€™ English Pronunciation." English Education Journal 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v10i1.32796.

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This qualitative research attempted to review the influence of Kemak Sanirin dialect towards studentsâ€™ English pronunciation. The objectives of the study were to explain the influence of Kemak Sanirin dialect towards studentsâ€™ English pronunciation of vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and consonant clusters and to explain the way teachers play their roles to improve studentsâ€™ pronunciation. This study employed descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 18 students from eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Atambua. The data were collected by using questionnaire, studentsâ€™ recording, observation checklist, and interview. Then, the results of this study show that Kemak Sanirin dialect contributed some positive transfer on vowels (i, Éª, u, e, ÊŠ, and É™), insignificant negative transfer on consonants (p, b, k, r, s, g, m, etc.) and siginificant negative transfer on consonant (z), significant positive transfer on diphtongs (eÉª, aÉª, au) and significant negative transfer on (É”Éª, É›É™, É™ÊŠ, and ÉªÉ™), significant negative transfer on three consonant clusters, while teacher did play his roles in improving studentsâ€™ pronunciation.

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Nazmutdinova, M. A., and O. M. Burenkova. ""ALMANZOR" GENRIC HAGNEY TRANSFER." EurasianUnionScientists 9, no. 4(73) (May 12, 2020): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.9.73.713.

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After studying the history of the Islamic state in Spain –the Cordova Caliphate -Heinrich Heine wrote the tragedy «Almanzor». The production of the tragedy on the stage of the theater was unsuccessful. The young poet and translator SagitSuncheleytranslated it into Tatar language. Reviews were both negative and positive. The censors did not allow the tragedy on the stage.

Journal articles on the topic 'Positive/negative transfer'

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