Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Positive/negative transfer'
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1
Williams, Lisa D. "Component transfer, positive and negative transfer effects on categorization and recognition ability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0022/NQ51937.pdf.
2
Niu, Bingyu, and Sisi Yan. "Knowledge transfer in project-based environments : The barriers of knowledge transfer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78792.
Abstract:
Background: Nowadays, projects become the common way of working in manycompanies. Knowledge management is important for efficient project management.Knowledge transfer in project-based environments became an attractive and importanttopic for study. Various barriers and challenges will appear during the process ofknowledge transfer in projects. Lots of authors thought the barriers of knowledgetransfer in project are negative, while others mentioned that some barriers may havepositive aspects. We called these two kinds of barriers “positive barriers” and“negative barriers” in this thesis. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand knowledge transfer inproject-based environments. Specifically, we aim to explain that barriers ofknowledge transfer in projects can be both negative and positive. Method: Due to the special time period and activity limitation, we chose case studyto gain the empirical data. When choosing the sample, we used the conveniencesampling. The sample chosen is a project team in Ericsson of Linköping. The projectmanager we interviewed has worked in Ericsson since 2004 and with his presentproject team for four years. He has already done more than fifteen projects, so he hasenough experience in projects for our study. We combined both inductive anddeductive approach strategies to analyze our thesis. Result: This thesis has answered the questions in the part of specified questions andreached the thesis purpose. It has explained the notion of knowledge transfer inprojects and its related barriers. It interprets how both negative and positive barriersaffect knowledge transfer. Furthermore, this thesis points out some suggestions forimproving positive barriers and reducing negative barriers.
3
Antonsson, Emelie. "Understanding the Meaning of English Idiomatic Expressions in Song Lyrics : A Survey Regarding Swedish University Students’ Understanding of Idiomatic Expressions in English Song Lyrics." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17887.
Abstract:
The general field of interest for this study is the Swedish public’s level of awareness of non-literal and figurative language, such as idioms and metaphors, in English. The English language can be considered to be evolving into Sweden’s second language, since it is present in so much more than school, for example, on television, computers and radio. This study aims to gain an insight into the degree of understanding of common idiomatic expressions in popular English song lyrics by native Swedish speakers. University students were chosen as the sample group and twelve of them were asked to explain their understanding of selected English idioms which occur in songs with which they were likely to recognize. The results have then been analyzed and it was possible to establish the degrees of understanding, misunderstanding and failure to understand. Firstly, the participants have explained the expression out of context, and secondly they were asked to explain it in the context of the song. This was to see whether the expressions appear to have been easier to understand out of context or in context. Earlier research show difficulties in defining the term idiom, and in this survey the term idiomatic expression has been used and defined as a way of speaking or writing that does not make any literal sense, even though the expressions are used all the time and people familiar with the language generally recognize them and understand their meaning. Earlier research has facilitated the analysis by the use of terms, theories and definitions on various ways of understanding metaphors, metonymy and idioms, and how these might, or might not, differ between Swedish and English. The results of this survey show that most of the expressions appear to have been easier to explain and understand when seen and heard in the context of the song. Although, some expressions appear to have been very alien to the participants, which has resulted in misunderstandings and failure to understand both in and out of context of the song lyrics in question.
4
Witney, John Clifford. "Lateral (morpho)syntactic transfer : an empirical investigation into the positive and negative influences of French on L1 English learners of Spanish within an instructed language-learning environment." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/109/.
Abstract:
This thesis explores lateral (morpho)syntactic transfer – non-native transfer at the level of morphology and syntax – from French among L1 English learners of Spanish in an instructed language-learning environment. A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted to investigate the positive and negative influences of L2 French and to identify learners’ foreign language experiences and strategies in making interlingual connections. The quantitative study focused on providing statistical evidence of morphological and syntactic transfer and comprised three groups: The EN/FR/SP Group consisted of 28 L1 English learners with five years’ instruction in French and two in Spanish; the EN/SP Group consisted of 22 L1 English learners with two years’ instruction in Spanish and no prior knowledge of French; the SP Group consisted of 36 monolingual Spanish speakers. The qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews to gain a greater understanding of learners’ ability to apply interlingual connections and draw on prior language-learning experiences and strategies. Participants consisted of 10 L1 English learners with six years’ instruction in French and three in Spanish. It is argued that knowledge of a non-native language plays a pivotal role in the learning of a further typologically similar one at the level of morphology and syntax. The overall results suggest that positive transfer may be facilitated and negative transfer may be highlighted and understood through cross-linguistic comparisons, with important pedagogical implications for future research.
5
King, Stephanie. "An investigation into transfer provision for children and young people with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (Paper 1) ; The effects of school transfer for children and young people with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, focussing on positive and negative emotions reported by parents, schools and pupils (Paper 2)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/90894.
Abstract:
Paper 1: This study represents the wider perspective of a 2-stage study about school transfers, for children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders. The study used a mixed methodology to investigate the experiences of children moving schools, as reported by parents and schools. Pre-move general satisfaction and post-move success ratings were high. Transfer arrangements varied greatly. Many respondents despite being positive overall about the move reported difficulties and frustrations for themselves and the children making the move. Communication between all stakeholders was seen to be a main factor in improving transfers, with an emphasis on the Teaching Assistant role and a whole school ethos towards ASD. Although strategies and guidance are widely available to improve transfer for children, not all pupils with ASDs and their parents, had access to the same level of enhanced transfer arrangements within the county. Paper 2: This paper represents the more focussed perspective of a 2- stage study about school transfers, for children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, in mainstream education. The study used a mixed methodology to investigate the experiences of children moving schools, as reported by parents and schools, with all participants, and via child interviews with a smaller sample. School transfer (as part of a 2- or 3-tier education system) was identified as a time which can be especially challenging for children with ASDs in mainstream schools. Looking at the emotional effects of transfer, the study found parents and schools reported high levels of increased anxiety among transferring children with ASDs. Qualitative analysis identified a wide variety of triggers to anxiety, and strategies to reduce anxiety that are being used in school and at home. Positive emotions expressed about the move were also explored. This anxiety reduced post-move for some of the children, but was maintained for some. Parents perceived higher levels of anxiety in their children than schools did throughout the transfer period, despite many rating the move as successful overall. The experience of a school move was found to be a time parents, as well as children, need the information and reassurance of a well-planned transfer, with appropriate strategies in place for their child and effective, open communication between home and schools to reduce the negative emotions that can surround change for children with ASDs, and celebrate the positive.
6
Kurenbach, Brigitta. "Konjugativer DNA-Transfer zwischen Gram-positiven und Gram-negativen Spezies: Transferkomponenten des Multiresistenzplasmids pIP501 aus Streptococcus agalactiae." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971485305.
7
Al, Haimi Maryam. "L'enseignement de l'imparfait à des arabophones avec médiation de la langue arabe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC041.
Abstract:
De nombreuses études ont observé l’importance et l’effet de la langue maternelle dans les cours d’une langue étrangère mais celle-ci n’a pas été pleinement valorisée dans l’enseignement. Dans un cadre didactique expérimental, nous avons examiné chez des arabophones apprenants du FLE l’utilisation de la médiation par la langue arabe. Cette étude explore l’acquisition de l’imparfait sur le plan fonctionnel, qui constitue toujours un enjeu pour l’enseignement/apprentissage. Cette étude s’est penchée notamment sur l’assimilation des relations de simultanéité entre procès que l’imparfait permet de construire en contexte : la simultanéité totale, la simultanéité partielle et l’interruption. À travers un dispositif de constructions des connaissances associé à une approche médiative (et sans médiation pour le groupe contrôle) ainsi que des instruments de mesure initiaux et finaux, nous observons que la référence à la L1 arabe peut freiner l’appropriation de l’imparfait en induisant de la confusion et en provoquant un suremploi de l’IMP avec la simultanéité partielle et l’interruption. La principale difficulté réside dans les contextes perfectifs typiques du passé composé avec les verbes d’achèvement ainsi que dans les contextes imperfectifs atypiques de l’imparfait avec les verbes d’accomplissement. Le groupe expérimental a notablement moins bien réussi dans ces deux configurations, surtout lorsqu’elles se trouvaient dans un seul et même énoncé. Nous concluons ainsi que le transfert positif n’a été que très partiellement efficace, probablement du fait qu’il n’a pas pu être automatisé chez le groupe expérimentalMany studies have observed the importance and the effect of the mother tongue in foreign language classes, but it has not been fully valued in teaching. In an experimental didactic framework, we examined the use of mediation through the Arabic language among Arabic-speaking learners of French as a foreign language. This study focuses on the acquisition of the imperfect on the functional level, which is always a challenge for teaching/learning. This study focused in particular on the assimilation of the relations of simultaneity between processes that the imperfect may build in context: total simultaneity, partial simultaneity and interruption. Through a knowledge construction device associated with a mediative approach (and without mediation for the control group) as well as initial and final measurement instruments, we observe that the reference to the Arabic L1 can slow down the appropriation of the imperfect, by inducing confusion and causing overuse of the IMP with partial simultaneity and interruption. The main difficulty lies in typical perfective contexts of the passé composé with achievement verbs as well as in atypical imperfective contexts of the imperfect with accomplishment verbs. The experimental group performed notably less well in these two configurations, especially when they were found in a single utterance. We thus conclude that the positive transfer was only very partially effective, probably because it could not be automated in the experimental group
8
Mucanze, Nelson Alberto [UNESP]. "Investimento Direto Estrangeiro em Moçambique: aspectos positivos e negativos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/145019.
Abstract:
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Moçambique tem experimentado taxas de crescimento econômico muito satisfatórias nos últimos anos. Segundo os dados da African Economic Outlook (AEO, 2014), o país cresceu em média 7% ao ano nos últimos dez anos. Os dados do Banco de Moçambique (2015) mostram que o fluxo de Investimento Direto Estrangeiro para o país evoluiu de US$ 347,3 milhões para US$ 4,9 bilhões entre 2002 e 2014. O governo moçambicano tem vislumbrado o IDE com papel estratégico para manter as taxas de crescimento econômico, aumentar o nível de empregos, proporcionar o desenvolvimento e atualizar a economia moçambicana em termos de transferência de tecnologias. No entanto sabe-se que essas “boas” consequências dos fluxos de IDE não acontecem automaticamente, é necessário que se criem políticas que façam que os retornos do IDE gerem riqueza para o país receptor. Neste trabalho, parte-se do pressuposto de que em Moçambique, apesar das altas taxas de crescimento econômico, os grandes fluxos de IDE não tem gerado riqueza para a economia nacional porque são concentrados no setor extrativo, têm muitos incentivos fiscais, não geram empregos, seus lucros são repatriados, têm pouca ligação com a economia nacional e incentivam conflitos políticos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a importância do setor extrativo na atração de IDE para Moçambique.
Mozambique has experienced very satisfactory economic growth rates in recent years. According to the African Economic Outlook (AEO, 2014), the country grew at an average 7% year in the last ten years. The data of the Bank of Mozambique (2015) show that the flow of Foreign direct investment to the country evolved from $ 347,300,000 to $ 4.9 billion between 2002 and 2014. The Mozambican Government has glimpsed the IDE with strategic role to keep the rates of economic growth, increase the level of jobs, provide development and upgrading the Mozambican economy in terms of transfer of technology. However it is known that these "good" consequences of FDI flows don't happen automatically, It is necessary to create policies that make the returns of the FDI generate wealth for the receiving country. In this work, we start from the assumption that in Mozambique, despite high rates of economic growth, the large flows of FDI don't have generated wealth for the national economy because they are concentrated in the extractive sector, have many tax incentives, not generate jobs, their profits are repatriated, there is a little connection with the national economy and encourage political conflicts. The present work aims to identify the importance of the extractive sector in FDI attraction to Mozambique.
CAPES: 24/173538-1
9
Pinchuk, Tommy. "Optimization of pre-processing variables for hyperspectral analysis of focal plane array Fourier transform infrared images." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98769.
Abstract:
A genetic algorithm was employed to select the optimal combination of preprocessing variables, including data pretreatment, data manipulation and feature extraction procedures, for eventual clustering of a data set consisting of hyperspectral images acquired by a focal plane array Fourier transform infrared (FPA-FTIR) spectrometer. The data set consisted of infrared images of bacterial films, and the classification task investigated was the discrimination between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The genetic algorithm evaluated combinations of variables pertaining to bacterial film thickness tolerances, baseline correction, pixel co-addition, outlier removal, smoothing, mean centering, normalization, derivatization, integration and principal component selection. Following numerous iterations of unsupervised processing, the genetic algorithm arrived at a sub-optimal solution yielding a clustering accuracy of 97.8% and a data utilization of 28.6%. The results provided insight into the co-dependencies of the pre-processing variables and their consequential effect on the selected data. The robustness of the classification model was evaluated and reinforced by the successful classification of two distinct validation sets. The overall success of the genetic algorithm suggests that it is an effective time saving resource for the optimization of pre-processing variables that does not require operator intervention.
10
Walter, Julia [Verfasser], Karl Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Wiese, Nicolai [Gutachter] Miosge, and Martin [Gutachter] Oppermann. "Transfer von Pluripotenzfaktoren maligner Stro-1-positiver und Stro-1 negativer Zellen auf tumorfremde somatische Zellen / Julia Walter ; Gutachter: Nicolai Miosge, Martin Oppermann ; Betreuer: Karl Günter Wiese." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118846680/34.
11
Alzayat, Ayman. "Positive and Negative Analogical Transfer in Problem Solving." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6325.
Abstract:
This thesis has investigated the positive and negative analogical transfer in which we proposed three hypotheses that shed more light on the process of human behaviour in problem solving. We have found that people exhibited both positive and negative analogical transfer in the conducted study. The positive and negative transfer depends on two factor process; search space and type of transformation. This predication was tested in an experiment with four conditions by using matchsticks arithmetic problems.
Results have indicated the activation of positive transfer in the problems that share the same search space and type of transformation. On the other hand, negative transfer was activated when the problem search space and type of transformation were different. Results have also indicated, in several comparisons that were made, a simultaneous activation of both positive and negative transfer.
12
"Predicting positive and negative links in signed social networks via transfer learning." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549173.
Abstract:
之前和社交網絡相關的研究，大多數都非常關注積極正面的用戶鏈接關係；與這些研究不同，我們研究同時含有正面與負面鏈接關係的帶符號社交網絡。具體來講，我們特別關注如何在一個帶符號的社交網絡（該網絡又稱為“目標網絡“）中可信並且有效地去預測鏈接關係的符號為正或是為負，且該網絡中僅有一小部份的鏈接關係符號已知，作為訓練樣本。我們採取遷移學習的機器學習方法，借助於另外一個帶符號社交網絡（該網絡又稱為“源網絡“）中充足的鏈接關係符號信息，從而訓練得到一個有效的鏈接關係分類器；需要注意的是，該 “源網絡同“目標網絡，在鏈接關係樣本和鏈接關係符號的聯合分佈上，並不相同。由於在帶符號社交網絡中沒有事先定義好的屬性向量，我們需要構造一種普適的屬性特徵，從而可以把“源網絡“的拓撲結構信息有效地遷移到“目標網絡“中去。借助於構造好的普適屬性，我們使用了一種類似AdaBoost的遷移學習算法，通過調整訓練樣本的權重，從而可以更好地利用“源網絡“中的樣本信息輔助模型的學習。我們使用兩個真實的大型帶符號社交網絡進行實驗，結果顯示我們的遷移學習算法可以較基準方案，在鏈接關係符號預測的準確度上，提高百分之四十。
Different from a large body of research on social networks that almost exclusively focused on positive relationships, we study signed social networks with both positive and negative links. Specifically, we focus on how to reliably and effectively predict the signs of links in a signed social network (called a target network), where a very small amount of edge sign information is available as the training data. To train a good classifier, we adopt the transfer learning approach to leverage the abundant edge signs from another signed social network (called a source network) which may have a different joint distribution of the observed instance and the class label.
As there is no predefined feature vector for the edge instances in a signed network, we construct generalizable features that can transfer the topological knowledge from the source network to the target. With the extracted features, we adopt an AdaBoost-like transfer learning algorithm with instance weighting to utilize more useful training instances in the source network for model learning. Experimental results on two real large signed social networks demonstrate that our transfer learning algorithm can improve the prediction accuracy by 40% over baseline schemes.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Ye, Jihang.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-56).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.ii
Acknowledgement --- p.v
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.8
Chapter 3 --- Problem Formulation --- p.13
Chapter 4 --- Feature Construction --- p.16
Chapter 4.1 --- Explicit Topological Features --- p.17
Chapter 4.2 --- Latent Topological Feature --- p.19
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Optimization Algorithm --- p.22
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Convergence Analysis --- p.23
Chapter 5 --- Edge Sign Prediction by Transfer Learning --- p.28
Chapter 5.1 --- Transfer Learning with Instance Weighting --- p.29
Chapter 5.2 --- Training Loss Analysis --- p.31
Chapter 6 --- Experimental Evaluation --- p.35
Chapter 6.1 --- Data Preparation --- p.35
Chapter 6.2 --- Evaluation of Transfer Learning with InstanceWeighting --- p.37
Chapter 6.3 --- Effectiveness of Topological Features --- p.41
Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.45
Chapter A --- Proof of Theorem 1 --- p.48
Bibliography --- p.51
13
Chen, Zhe. "Positive and negative transfer in analogical problem solving by 6-year-olds." 1988. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2141.
14
Sasoma, José Maria. "Interferências da língua umbundu na língua portuguesa na região de benguela. Estudo descritivo." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15797.
Abstract:
Hoje, nenhuma língua está livre de influências de outra língua; fruto da facilidade com que os homens interagem. Uma das consequências desta interacção reside na influência da língua de uns sobre a de outros, o que geralmente ocorre com interferência da língua materna (LM) do indivíduo na sua segunda língua (LS).
Para abordar este fenómeno realizámos em Benguela um estudo que consistiu no levantamento e análise de algumas expressões activas no dia-a-dia dos Benguelenses para detectar elementos de interferência do Umbundu no Português, como resultado da coabitação das duas línguas e desta forma contribuir para estudos linguísticos que visem esclarecer os processos inerentes a coabitação entre linguas africanas e europeias. Para o efeito, levamos a cabo uma análise das expressões inventariadas para melhor compreender as razões que concorrem para ocorrência de tais interferências, as quais se converteram num dos principias elementos na caracterização do português falado naquela região de Angola. Assim, na nossa condição de docentes, se torna absolutamente necessário identificar estes fenómenos, já que eles constituem parte integrante da nossa tarefa quotidiana de orientação das aprendizagens em Português.
15
Mendes, Mónica Filipa dos Santos. "Probing Radiosensitisers in Electron Transfer Experiments." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/63794.
Abstract:
The impact of ionising radiation in the living systems is being investigated for decades, because its capability to induce damage in tissues and cells, compromising the DNA molecule integrity, resulting in mutations and eventually cells death. Considering this, ionising radiation can be very useful in different fields, especially in radiation therapy. However, it is necessary to guarantee that the effects of radiation in normal tissues during a radiation treatment are minimised. Many efforts have been made to improve the radiotherapy protocols, namely by the application of radiosensitisers which enhance the effect of radiation. Recent research investigations have demonstrated the role of secondary low-energy electrons as the main damaging agents in DNA. These secondary electrons can interact directly or indirectly with molecules, producing highly reactive species (ions and radicals). Moreover, it is also known that electrons do not exist freely in the physiological medium, but rather in solvated and/or in pre-solvated states. Therefore, studies on electron transfer between atoms/ions and biomolecules seems crucial to better understand the molecular mechanism of radiation interaction.
The work presented in this thesis consists on the study of electron transfer collisions of atoms/ions in molecules of biological relevance. Initially, neutral potassium collisions in imidazole, nitroimidazoles (4-nitroimidazole and 2-nitroimidazole) and methylated compounds (1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole and 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) were investigated by time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry in a crossed beam experiment comprising a neutral potassium beam and a molecular effusive beam. In these experiments the anionic fragmentation patterns and yields were obtained. These results present some differences from the dissociative electron attachment (free electrons) results, highlighting the importance of charge transfer studies in understanding the molecular reactions upon radiation. The second part of the work was performed in a novel crossed beam setup where collisions between oxygen anions and molecules as nitrogen, water and pyridine were investigated by measuring positive and negative fragmentation patterns through TOF mass spectrometry. From these studies we obtained for the first time experimental electron detachment cross-section of O2− in water and pyridine.
16
Dvořáková, Jana. "K interferenci češtiny, ruštiny a angličtiny v jazykové výuce." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312287.
Abstract:
The thesis deals with second language acquisition (SLA) of Czech in Russian and English students. It presents the main theories of SLA (generative and cognitive approaches) and compares them to the results of author's research into L2 acquisition of Czech morphology and syntax in speakers of two typologically and structurally different mothertongues. It shows that language transfer plays an important role in SLA and that some of the generative assumptions about SLA that are claimed to apply universally cannot be proven for Czech.
17
Walter, Julia. "Transfer von Pluripotenzfaktoren maligner Stro-1-positiver und Stro-1 negativer Zellen auf tumorfremde somatische Zellen." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7C2D-1.
18
Kurenbach, Brigitta [Verfasser]. "Konjugativer DNA-Transfer zwischen Gram-positiven und Gram-negativen Spezies: Transferkomponenten des Multiresistenzplasmids pIP501 aus Streptococcus agalactiae / vorgelegt von Brigitta Kurenbach." 2004. http://d-nb.info/971485305/34.
19
Ramasheuskaya, Katsiaryna. "Specifika češtiny ruských studentů (se zaměřením na vybrané fonetické a morfosyntaktické jevy)." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338063.
Abstract:
Language adaptation of foreigners is always accompanied by a number of problems connected to the acquisition and the use of the language which becomes the primary communicative tool in the new environment. Ignoring and underestimating these problems typical of a particular language community can result in a failure to master the target language and consequently in the unsuccessful integration in the new society. This thesis is aimed at specific problems in the area of morphosyntax and phonetics, characteristic of Russian-speaking students of Czech. At the same time, it warns about the danger of overestimating positive transfer from Russian and emphasizes the necessity of using special didactic approach in teaching this group of foreign-language speakers. The analysis of the chosen language phenomena is based on the data from the Database of the voice recordings of spoken Czech by native speakers of Russian and the Database of language mistakes in Czech made by speakers whose native language is another Slavic language, which were created, among others, for the purpose of this thesis. The attention is specifically focused on the use of the reflexive se/si, forms of the auxiliary verb to be in the past tense, short forms of personal pronouns in spoken and written production of Russian-speaking...