Journal articles on the topic 'Positive disability identity'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Positive disability identity.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Positive disability identity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Chalk, Holly McCartney, Christopher P. Barlett, and Natalie D. Barlett. "Disability Self-Identification and Well-Being in Emerging Adults." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 4 (January 1, 2019): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818812604.
Full textAbstract:
Research suggests that emerging adults (EAs) with a disabling impairment experience poor psychosocial outcomes and delayed markers of adulthood. Given the numbers of EA with a disabling impairment who do not self-identify as having a disability, we examine a multigroup structural model of positive disability identity based on disability self-identification. Participants ( n = 2,016) completed assessments of positive disability identity, psychosocial outcomes, and markers of adulthood. Most participants with a disabling impairment did not self-identify as having a disability (68%). Positive disability identity, maintaining a positive view of disability, was associated with increased life satisfaction, regardless of whether EA self-identify as having a disability. Exploratory analyses suggest that EA with psychiatric disabilities experience the most negative psychosocial outcomes. Findings suggest that maintaining a positive view of disability is associated with favorable outcomes. However, intervention with EA who do not self-identify is challenging, as they may not seek support services.
2
Raver, Ashley, Hanna Murchake, and Holly M. Chalk. "Positive Disability Identity Predicts Sense of Belonging in Emerging Adults With a Disability." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 23, no. 2 (2018): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn23.2.157.
Full text
3
Curtis, Rebecca S., Angie Hall, Sharon Weaver, and Jill Meyer. "Personal and Collective Disability Identity Development." Développement Humain, Handicap et Changement Social 24, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1086201ar.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to explore how individuals with disabilities establish and maintain a social identity that incorporates meaning and context into a personal and collective perspective defined as disability identity. Beginning with a broad lens, the concepts of identity and social identity are explored. Theories and concepts that have shaped and refined the concept of social identity, specifically within a context of disability, are introduced. Disability Identity development is explored as to the key components and constructs that bring forth a comprehensive view of identity development for individuals with disabilities. Finally, these components are brought together within the context of Independent Living in order to show how this movement supports a positive, life-enhancing worldview of disability.
4
O'Sullivan, Deirdre, and Stephen J. Notaro. "Racial Identity and Perceptions of People with Disabilities as Romantic Partners: A Pilot Study." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.40.4.27.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored the relationship between racial groups, racial identity, and attitudes toward dating a person with a physical disability. It was hypothesized that African Americans would have higher levels of racial identity than Caucasian Americans. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that because of shared minority group status, African Americans would have more positive attitudes than Caucasians toward dating someone described as having a physical disability. African American participants were found to have higher levels of racial identity than Caucasian participants, but had significantly more negative attitudes regarding dating a person with a physical disability than Caucasians. A discussion of racial identity, as well as implications for rehabilitation counselors, is included.
5
Huang, Chin-Ju, and Ian Brittain. "Negotiating Identities through Disability Sport." Sociology of Sport Journal 23, no. 4 (December 2006): 352–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.23.4.352.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore the multiplicity and complexity of identity construction for elite disabled athletes within the arena of disability sport. This involved in-depth semistructured interviews that explored the experiences of 21 British and Taiwanese elite disabled athletes from the sports of powerlifting and track and field. The results indicate that both societal perceptions based in the medical model of disability and the participants’ impaired bodies play a key role in their identity formation and sense of self-worth. The study also highlights the role that success in international disability sport can have by offering potential for positive subjectivity, a changed self-understanding, and an increased sense of personal empowerment. Finally, the notion of multiple identities also appears to be supported by the research participants’ narratives.
6
Zapata, Mercedes A. "Mobility Tool Use Relates to Disability Affirmation among Adults with Visual Impairments." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 115, no. 5 (September 2021): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x211046684.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Research is beginning to support the association between positive disability identity and well-being among individuals with disabilities, including those with visual impairments (i.e., blindness and low vision). To enhance practitioner understanding of how to support individuals with visual impairments, research is needed to examine how disability identity attitudes may vary based on disability characteristics in this population. Methods: Using multiple linear regression, the author examined the association between impairment-related factors and personal disability identity (PDI; i.e., disability affirmation and disability acceptance) and group disability identity (GDI) in a sample of 212 adult U.S. residents with visual impairments. Results: Results of this study indicated that participants who use a mobility tool (cane, dog guide, or both) have higher self-reported disability affirmation ( p = .001)—an identity construct related to feelings of disability pride versus shame—after controlling for age, gender, and impairment-related factors (e.g., severity indicators). The Cohen’s f 2 value for the affirmation model was .15, a medium effect size (Cohen, 1988). The regression on GDI indicated that younger participants, in general, reported higher feelings of connection to the disability community (i.e., higher GDI; p = .001); Cohen’s f 2 was .13, a small effect. The regression on disability acceptance yielded non-significant findings. Discussion: Researchers and practitioners working with adults who have visual impairments should consider the relationship between an individual’s disability affirmation and decision-making regarding mobility tool use and training . Future research should also examine hypotheses regarding the negative association between age and GDI among adults with visual impairments. Implications for practitioners: Practitioners within the field of visual impairment may benefit from a consideration of consumer disability identity, including disability affirmation and disability group affiliation.
7
Stainback, Susan, William Stainback, Katheryn East, and Mara Sapon-Shevin. "A Commentary on Inclusion and the Development of a Positive Self-Identity by People with Disabilities." Exceptional Children 60, no. 6 (May 1994): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299406000602.
Full textAbstract:
A growing number of concerned individuals throughout the world, including people with disabilities, their parents, and educators, are advocating that students with disabilities be educated in the mainstream of neighborhood classrooms and schools. However, some disability-rights advocates believe that if people with disabilities are to have a well-developed sense of identity as adults, they need to have had opportunities in their school years to associate with other people (both children and adults) having similar characteristics and interests. In this article, we examine this issue and provide one perspective on how it might be addressed.
8
Mousavi, S. Bentolhoda, Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, Hassan Khalili, and S. Zeinab Mousavi. "To be able, or disable, that is the question: A critical discussion on how language affects the stigma and self-determination in people with parability." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 5 (April 13, 2020): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020913308.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Despite several fruitful attempts in destigmatization, disability is still associated with stigma. The role of language, especially when addressing a disabling condition and people, has been the matter of social as well as scientific debates. This article poses an intriguing question about the language we apply when addressing people and disability. Method: A narrative review of different models of disability with the emphasis on how labels and more generally language affect identity formation, and the extendibility of positive psychology concepts on the field of disability studies. Results: In this theoretical paper, the authors suggest that the term disability per se is contributing to increasing the stigma and has disempowering effect. Considering previous evidence from different lines of literature, the authors suggest a new approach of destigmatization, namely changing the term disability to a less stigmatizing one. Moreover, the authors discuss some theories to support this perspective. Conclusion: Replacing ‘dis’ in ‘disability’ with the prefix ‘para’ in the term ‘Para-ability’ is suggested.
9
Rigles, Bethany. "The Development of Health Lifestyles in Families Experiencing Disability." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 7 (February 15, 2019): 929–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19831410.
Full textAbstract:
The family system is an important contributor to one’s development of health lifestyles or the patterns of health behaviors one engages in. Research has yet to explore how health lifestyles develop within families or how disability may affect this process. This study uses qualitative data collected from parents and key informants in two U.S. communities to address this gap in the literature. Findings capture a process through which health lifestyles develop in families with a child with a disability. This process revealed that parents first become more conscious of the importance of health as a result of having a child with a disability, which led to changes in parent identity and was ultimately translated into primarily positive changes to family health behaviors. This process appears to be largely driven by community norms and stigmas associated with disability.
10
Prakash, V., K. Hariohm, P. Vijayakumar, and D. Thangjam Bindiya. "Functional Training in the Management of Chronic Facial Paralysis." Physical Therapy 92, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100404.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background and Purpose Disability in patients with facial paralysis is the result of impairment or loss of complex and multidimensional functions of the face, including expression of emotions, facial identity, and communication. However, the majority of interventions for facial paralysis are unidimensional and impairment oriented. Thus, a functional training program intended to address various dimensions of disability caused by facial paralysis was devised. This patient-centered, multidimensional approach to the rehabilitation of people with facial paralysis consists of patient education, functional training, and complementary exercises. This approach is focused on various dimensions of disability, including the physical, emotional, and social dimensions, by encouraging context-specific facial functions, positive coping strategies, and social interaction skills. Case Description The patient was a 25-year-old woman with chronic complete right facial paralysis caused by a postoperative complication of ear surgery. The patient's problems were evaluated with the Facial Disability Index (physical function subscale score=45/100, social/well-being function subscale score=28/100) and an informal interview exploring her experiences and priorities. Outcomes After 8 weeks of functional training, the patient showed considerable improvement in facial functions (physical function subscale score=95/100, social/well-being function subscale score=100/100) and reported positive changes in social interactions and interpersonal relationships. Discussion The use of a functional training program was associated with positive changes in emotional expression, psychosocial function, and social integration, thus contributing to reduced disability of a person with chronic facial paralysis.
11
Martin, Jeffrey. "The Psychosocial Dynamics of Youth Disability Sport." Sport Science Review 19, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2010): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10237-011-0032-9.
Full textAbstract:
The Psychosocial Dynamics of Youth Disability SportThe purpose of this article is to review research on the psychosocial aspects of youth disability sport and physical activity (PA). Sport psychology research spanning the self-perception areas of self-concept, self-esteem, athletic identity, self-efficacy, and perceived competence will be examined. More specifically research documenting the psychological benefits of disability sport will be covered such as self-esteem enhancement. A second focus of the current chapter will be on the social aspects of disability sport. For instance, both the positive (e.g., enhanced peer relations) and negative (e.g., teasing) ramifications of sport and PA involvement will be reviewed. Research on the family, parents, siblings, and peers will be examined. Finally, the intersection of both areas (i.e., psychological and social) will also be covered as social mechanisms of influence (e.g., parental encouragement) have strong influences on psychological constructs such as athlete's perceived competence and PA. The chapter will be concluded with a brief summary.
12
Płatos, Mateusz. "Autyzm odcieleśniony. Historia społecznego konstruowania autyzmu… jako choroby, zaburzenia i niepełnosprawności." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura, no. 10(1) (March 2018): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20837275.10.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Autism disembodied. The history of social construction of autism as illness, disorder, and disability The article is an attempt to look at the history of discourse about autism from the perspective of autism studies. Due to the blurred definition and yet unknown etiology autism was used as a space for modern cultural projections about disability and mental illness. As I argue, both the determination of modern scientific institutions and their failure to objectify autism using empirical methods are linked to the disembodied nature of autism, which still reveals it arbitrariness and social – not natural – construction. As late as in 21th century, autistic people have joined the discourse about themselves, trying to make autism a positive and integral aspect of their identity. Keywords: autism, Asperger syndrome, disability, mental illness, eugenics
13
Bruce, Cynthia. "Performing Normal: Restless Reflections on Music’s Dis/Abling Potential." Music Therapy Perspectives 40, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miab015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This analysis aims to bring disability issues and the realities of systemic ableism to the center of discourse and action related to music therapy and social justice. An account of my evolving understanding of how ableism shaped my relationship with music draws attention to the importance of understanding the subtle yet palpable ways that ableism can invade even the most positive aspects of disabled peoples’ lives and, therefore, contribute in disturbing ways to the perpetuation of normalcy as the human ideal. I begin by providing some essential context to center my activist disability identity and the struggle that underpins the current analysis. I then engage with the performance of normal and explore my discovery of disability as possibility—a discovery that ultimately made space for significant transformation. An explanation of critical disability studies and ableism as important transformative influences follows, and I conclude by articulating some possible implications for music therapy education and training, research, and practice.
14
Elderton, Anna, Sally Clarke, Chris Jones, and James Stacey. "Telling our story: a narrative therapy approach to helping lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people with a learning disability identify and strengthen positive self-identity stories." British Journal of Learning Disabilities 42, no. 4 (October 30, 2013): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bld.12075.
Full text
15
Zurek, Grzegorz, Agata Goraczko, Alina Żurek, Maciej Lachowicz, and Katarzyna Kujawa. "Restored Life of Elite Athletes after Spinal Cord Injury." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 8441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148441.
Full textAbstract:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects every aspect of human life: medical, psychological, social, material. People with SCI face a variety of secondary conditions (e.g., chronic pain, urinary tract infections, cognitive impairment) that place a significant emotional burden, resulting in an increased risk of depression and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to better understand the coping strategies and to identify factors that promote or hinder the successful adjustment of elite athletes after SCI. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight top athletes after spinal cord injury. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then thematically analyzed using MAXQDA software. Thematic analysis identified the following categories: coping, athletic identity, and adjustment. The results of the study indicate that loss of functional ability does not cause loss of athlete identity. Elite athletes live a life consistent with this identity, attempting to maintain it despite the loss of physical fitness. Involvement in sports provides meaning and is a positive factor in the process of disability acceptance, which is essential in the process of adjustment to injury and also provides group belonging.
16
Spencer-Cavaliere, Nancy, and Danielle Peers. "“What’s the Difference?” Women’s Wheelchair Basketball, Reverse Integration, and the Question(ing) of Disability." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 28, no. 4 (October 2011): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.28.4.291.
Full textAbstract:
The inclusion of able-bodied athletes within disability sport, a phenomenon known as reverse integration, has sparked significant debate within adapted physical activity. Although researchers and practitioners have taken up positions for or against reverse integration, there is a lack of supporting research on the experiences of athletes who already play in such settings. In this study, we explore how competitive female athletes who have a disability experience reverse integration in Canadian wheelchair basketball. Athletic identity was used as the initial conceptual framework to guide semistructured interviews with nine participants. The results suggest that participation in this context contributed to positive athletic identities. Interviews also pointed to the unexpected theme of “what’s the difference?” that this sporting context provided a space for the questioning and creative negotiation of the categories of disability and able-bodiedness. Methodologically, this paper also explores the possibilities and challenges of inter- worldview and insider-outsider research collaboration.
17
Meyers, Émilie M., and Jeffrey W. Jutai. "The Disability Experience: Living with a Birth Defect Resulting from Thalidomide Exposure." Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v2i2.1518.
Full textAbstract:
The drug, Thalidomide, is a classic example of how medicine has the potential to cause us harm. The market flooding of this drug in the 1950’s resulted in the birth of 8 to 10 thousand children with birth defects. Today in Canada this tragedy still affects the lives of approximately 125 individuals. How do these individuals live their lives and what has been the overall impact of their impairment? This article explores the lived experience of a woman born with upper limb phocomelia as a result of Thalidomide exposure. A one-hour unstructured face-to-face interview was conducted. Permission was received from the interviewee to make a voice recording of the interview allowing for a more concrete data review. The interview uncovered 6 primary themes indicating that a physical impairment resulting from thalidomide can have a minimal impact on an individual’s overall quality of life, as long as sufficient support and a positive self identity is present. The interviewee’s accounts suggest that living with disability is a unique experience that can lead to positive outcomes. The ultimate conclusion of this paper is that more extensive research is needed to further represent the voices of the disability community.
18
CAMERON, COLIN. "Tragic but brave or just crips with chips? Songs and their lyrics in the Disability Arts Movement in Britain." Popular Music 28, no. 3 (October 2009): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143009990122.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDisability culture is a site within which social and positional identities are struggled for and dominant discourses rejected; in which mainstream representations of people with impairments – as victims of personal tragedy – are held to the light and revealed as hegemonic constructions within a disabling society. Drawing upon styles that range from jazz, blues and folk to reggae, performance poetry and punk, disabled singers and bands in the Disability Arts Movement in Britain have been central to the development of an affirmative disability discourse rooted in ideas of pride, anger and strength. Examining lyrics by Johnny Crescendo, Ian Stanton and the Fugertivs – performers emerging as part of this movement in the 1980s and 1990s – this article considers the dark humour which runs through much of this work. It is suggested that these lyrics' observational reflections on everyday experiences of being oppressed as disabled people have been overlooked within critical disability studies to date, but are important in developing an understanding of positive disability identity as a tool available to disabled people in order to make sense of, and express themselves within, the world in which they find themselves.
19
Breward, Katherine. "Individual, Organizational, and Institutional Predictors of the Granting of Employer-sponsored Disability Accommodations." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 6, no. 4 (November 24, 2017): 56–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v6i4.383.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the predictors of accommodation granting among adult workers with disabilities using data collected from 5,418 respondents to a Statistics Canada post 2006 census survey called the Participation and Activity Limitation Survey. Using a rational choice perspective that focuses on perceived utility (limited by social identity effects), I test a series of hypotheses about individual, organizational, and institutional variables that predict willingness to grant disability-related workplace accommodations. One key finding is that different predictors are significant for different types of accommodations, highlighting the need to avoid generalizing from one type of accommodation to another. Another important finding is that, as a category, individual variables directly related to disability explained a greater amount of variance in accommodation granting than other aspects of personal identity, organizational factors, or institutional variables. There was evidence that decision-making was influenced by stereotyping and the stigmatization of particular disability types. There was also evidence that occupational and industry-based logics of appropriateness are salient for the most commonly requested types of accommodations. Meanwhile institutional forces meant to act as behavioural controls, such as legislation and union protection, do not seem to be having the intended positive influence on accommodation provision in the workplace. The findings suggest that other forms of intervention, such as community education, may be required to encourage greater access to workplace accommodations.
20
Lambert, Rachel, David Hernández-Saca, Rebeca Mireles-Rios, and Marilyn Monroy Castro. "“It Is Like a Feeling”: Theorizing Emotion in Mathematics through Complex Embodiment." Mathematics 10, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10060937.
Full textAbstract:
Conversations of educational equity in mathematics necessitate a more deliberate, nuanced look at the mathematical processes of learning for students of color from historically marginalized communities. This paper describes the theoretical work of a research collaborative that seeks to develop understanding of the experiences around mathematical identity of Latinas labeled with Learning Disabilities in mathematics classrooms. Expanding the theory of Complex Embodiment from Disability Studies, we explore new interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological tools to analyze the emotional, embodied experience of learning mathematics in the social worlds of mathematics classrooms, using emotional discourse. We take up theoretical and methodological practices around intersectionality through analysis of how power and positioning operate in mathematics identity development. We find that the young woman whose narratives we explore in this paper is positioned through deficit discourses around disability and multilingual learners, yet she understands herself through a positive mathematical affinity she shares with her mother. Over time, we see her narratives shift emotionally away from mathematics, as well as away from this connection with her mother. Her narratives help us develop a theoretical perspective that understands emotion in mathematics learning as both embodied and socially constructed.
21
Brewin, C. R., R. Garnett, and B. Andrews. "Trauma, identity and mental health in UK military veterans." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 8 (December 14, 2010): 1733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171000231x.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundMilitary service can lead to profound changes in identity, both in servicemen's perception of themselves and in their relationship to the world, but the significance of these changes for psychopathology is unclear. We investigated whether the extent and valence of identity change was related to the degree of military trauma exposure or to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide attempts. We further sought to describe the nature of such changes using qualitative analysis.MethodA total of 153 veterans in receipt of a war pension for PTSD or physical disability were identified. Interviews established retrospectively DSM-IV diagnoses of PTSD and reports of suicidal ideation or behaviour since enlistment were examined.ResultsTrauma exposure alone was unrelated to any measure of identity change. By contrast, PTSD was associated with a relationship to the world that had changed in a negative direction. It was also associated with a changed perception of self, which could be either positive or negative. After controlling for trauma exposure and PTSD, suicidal behaviours were associated with more negative perceptions of the world. These perceptions of the world included disillusionment about human nature and a more specific rejection of civilian life.ConclusionsPTSD and suicidal behaviours in veterans seem not to be associated with significantly more negative views of the self but rather with more alienation from civilian life. This has serious consequences for engaging veterans in National Health Service (NHS) mental health services and for the provision of effective treatment.
22
Atkinson, Karen, and Jane Owen Hutchinson. "Transition from higher education to National Health Service for visually impaired physiotherapists: An interpretative phenomenological exploration." British Journal of Visual Impairment 31, no. 1 (January 2013): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619612466101.
Full textAbstract:
This idiographic study aims to hear the voices of a small group of visually impaired physiotherapists to explore their lived experience 1 of transition from higher education (HE) into employment. The findings are based on six semi-structured interviews analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Participants were visually impaired physiotherapists who are either working, or have worked, in the National Health Service (NHS). A number of interrelated themes emerged concerning the work of the disabled self, compensation, stigma and passing, disclosure, barriers, disempowerment, and positive experiences. These appear to be linked to a reluctance by participants to engage with their disability identity. The experiences and perceptions of participants do not provide evidence of a commitment to disability-related support for disabled health-care professionals. The results of this study indicate that a wide range of both personal and institutional barriers still exist in the NHS.
23
Houston, Ella. "The impact of advertisements on women’s psychological and emotional states: exploring navigation and resistance of disabling stereotypes." Media, Culture & Society 41, no. 6 (November 22, 2018): 791–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718813484.
Full textAbstract:
Representations of disabled women in advertising have been historically problematic. Largely, such portrayals have reinforced disability and gender stereotypes. This is an important issue to address because cultural representations have the ability to challenge or support widespread attitudes and beliefs surrounding identity groups. In addition, representations can generate micro level impact, for example, influencing how individual’s perceive themselves. In this article, Thomas’s (1999) concept of psycho-emotional disablism is used to enhance understandings of the relationship between advertising messages and individual psychological and emotional states. The feminist disability studies research presented in this article explores how women with mental health issues navigate advertising portrayals of mental health and gender. The findings develop existing knowledge of psycho-emotional disablism through demonstrating how individuals often use problematic advertising messages and memories of psycho-emotional oppression as a vehicle for positive self-transformation and as a way of resisting cultural stereotypes.
24
Vanninen, Petri, and Kaarina Määttä. "Secondary Education Students with Reading Disability - Findings from Two Remedial Training Experiments." Studies for the Learning Society 3, no. 1-2 (February 5, 2015): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sls-2013-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dyslexia can have determining effects on a person’ s learning identity, educational choices, and life in general. This is the first scientific report focusing on the remedial training prospects for adults with dyslexia. The main purpose of the research was to provide new information about reading disability in adults and to determine the usefulness of remedial training for dyslexia in Finland. In this research, the remedial effect of training material that was created to improve the reading performance of upper secondary education students was analyzed through two different remedial experiments. The results were analyzed through statistical analysis and students’ own experiences. In addition, the functionality of the diagnostic method for dyslexia and reading disability in students were studied. The sample (n = 98) comprised students from two Finnish education institutes who participated in two remedial training experiments. The reading of the test group (n = 6) and the control group (n = 3) selected from the sample were studied for one study year. The test group was given 20 hours of remedial training for dyslexia while the control group was not. The research group (n = 37) in which the diagnostic method was tested comprised of students from two Finnish vocational schools. The research results showed positive development in students’ reading during the remedial training period. Statistically significant decrease in the total number of reading errors and significant increase in reading speed were found. According to the results, the cerebral hemisphere-oriented tasks in the training material stimulated the weaker cerebral hemisphere, as expected. The training material for students with L-type dyslexia had a more positive effect than the one designed for students with P-type dyslexia.
25
Mills, Nigel. "The structure of work environments in psychiatric rehabilitation." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 2 (February 1991): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.2.69.
Full textAbstract:
There is now an extensive literature describing the value of work for people with a psychiatric disability (Shepherd, 1989; Bennett, 1970; Wing & Brown, 1970; Pilling, 1988). Apart from financial gain the benefits of work can include social contacts and support; social status and identity; ‘normal’ non-patient roles; a means of structuring and occupying one's time; a sense of personal achievement and mastery and a criterion of recovery from illness (Shepherd, 1984). However, for many people with a long-term psychiatric disability the range of opportunity for work is often very limited, usually consisting of subcontract packing or assembly work. The provision of this repetitive and simple work satisfies a basic occupational need. However to a large extent it neglects the fulfilment of broader psychological and social needs. People with a vulnerability to experience periods of major mental disorder usually have more than just an occupational need; they also need to be in an environment which can provide the conditions that will actively assist in the promotion of a state of positive mental health.
26
Park, Myung-Hwa, and You-Jin Seo. "Effects of development and implementation for disability-awareness instruction embedded in cultural diversity curriculum in elementary school." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 20 (October 31, 2022): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.20.217.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives This study developed disability-awareness instruction embedded in cultural diversity curriculum and analyzed its effects on the disability awareness and attitudes of elementary-school students. Methods The teacher-initiated team for curriculum development developed the curriculum based on the 5-step of ADDIE model. The three core areas of curriculum were identified as identity and diversity, human rights and equality, and respect and coexistence and then developed instructional activities, materials, and evaluation criteria. During 6 months through two semesters the curriculum were provided for elementary-school students in the 5th-grade inclusive class. Results The paired sample t-test proved that the students’ positive awareness and attitudes in the personal and social areas were significantly improved. Based on the analysis of the students’ reflection notes, they understood that it was important to respect diverse cultures and to protect human rights. Also, they became aware of students with disabilities as an equal being. Conclusions Based on these results. the significance of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.
27
Gill, Gurwinder Kaur, Mary Jane McNally, and Vin Berman. "Effective diversity, equity, and inclusion practices." Healthcare Management Forum 31, no. 5 (August 16, 2018): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470418773785.
Full textAbstract:
Demographics in Canada, and the workplace, are changing. These include population changes due to race, ethnicity, religion/faith, immigration status, gender, sexual identity and orientation, disability, income, educational background, socioeconomic status, and literacy. While this rich diversity can present challenges for patient experiences/outcomes and working environments, it can also present opportunities for positive transformation. For successful transformation to take place, strategies should focus on “Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion” (DEI) versus “diversity” alone and on creating inclusive team environments for positive staff experiences/engagement. There is a growing understanding of the relationship between the providers’ work environments, patient outcomes, and organizational performance. This article leverages the principle of improving the healthcare provider’s experience based on Health Quality Ontario’s Quadruple Aim (“people caring for people”). Based on learnings/experiences, the top three successful practices from the organization’s DEI strategy have been outlined in this article.
28
Wardell, Susan, and Ruth Patricia Fitzgerald. "DIALOGICAL SENSE-MAKING IN THE DIGITAL PUBLIC SPHERE: Citizenship, Care, and Disability." Sites: a journal of social anthropology and cultural studies 18, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/sites-id491.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the contested public discourses of citizenship and care surrounding national media coverage of the news story of ‘Baby Leo’, a New Zealand baby born overseas in 2015. Baby Leo’s diagnosis of Down Syndrome soon after his birth, precipitated the mother’s alleged abandonment of the child, the expat New Zealand father then fundraising for the child’s (and his) rapid return to New Zealand via a virally successfully crowdfunding campaign. The situation attracted significant media attention for several months, with thousands of New Zealanders providing comments, via Facebook, on stories produced and shared by news media outlets. We use a Bakhtinian dialogical analysis of a selection of these Facebook comments to consider the emergent discourses of citizenship – especially in relation to disability – that were mobilised and contested by contributors. Our findings show that although the Facebook comments demonstrate the contingent and fluid meanings of ‘home’ and ‘welcome’, the positive comments on the worthiness of his case and its deservingness of public support that Baby Leo attracted, distinguish this case from other studies of citizenship attribution for people with Down syndrome around the world. Despite this, the treatment of prospective citizens with various forms of disability issues (including Down Syndrome) seeking citizenship in New Zealand remains exclusionary and the New Zealand national identity invoked in these online discussions extended a longstanding utopian humanitarian vision, without critical awareness of this.
29
Pino-Morán, Juan Andrés, Pía Rodríguez-Garrido, and María Soledad Burrone. "Politico-Epistemic Tensions Regarding Personal Assistance and Care for People with Disabilities: An Integrative Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021366.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Since the 1960s, the Independent Life Movement has demanded personal assistance as a right for people with disabilities to access autonomy. In turn, feminist movements have shown a special concern for the care and profile of the providers. Both postures have created tensions around the provision of personal assistance and care for people with disabilities. Aim: To know and analyze the scientific evidence regarding approaches to personal assistance and care for people with disabilities. Methods: An Integrative Literature Review using five databases: Dialnet, Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Boolean combinations were: “Personal assistance AND disability”; “Personal assistance AND care AND disability”; “Care AND disability” in English, and “Asistencia personal AND discapacidad”; “Asistencia personal AND cuidados AND discapacidad”; “Cuidados AND discapacidad” in Spanish. A total of 31 scientific articles were obtained. A content analysis was then, with five analysis dimensions emerging. Results: The articles approached the positive aspects of personal assistance. Others established the need for more resources in order to not be an exclusive reality for developed countries. Profiles were made of racialized, young, migrant women as the identity behind (informal) care. From the perspective of a feminist disability care ethic, new forms of providing care are proposed, by changing the focus from individual and family responsibility, towards a social and collective focus. Conclusion: The evidence analyzed considers various dimensions of the epistemo-political tension between personal assistance and care. The meeting point between both perspectives is interdependence and autonomy; on the one side, for people with disabilities, and on the other, for the women profiled as the main caregivers.
30
Jae Yop Kim, 오세헌, and 이진석. "A Study on the determinants of intent to work of people with disabilities: Uncovering the roles of positive expressions from family members, social network, and disability identity." Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies 45, no. 2 (June 2014): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2014.45.2.147.
Full text
31
Bernhard, Judith K., Jim Cummins, F. Isabel Campoy, Alma Flor Ada, Adam Winsler, and Charles Bleiker. "Identity Texts and Literacy Development among Preschool English Language Learners: Enhancing Learning Opportunities for Children at Risk for Learning Disabilities." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108, no. 11 (November 2006): 2380–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810610801104.
Full textAbstract:
There is little research on English language learners (ELLs) in relation to learning disability (LD) assessment and identification. More important, there is a scarcity of research on models and strategies that enhance learning opportunities and outcomes for ELLs prior to an LD diagnosis. We describe in this article an innovative language intervention program involving the creation of bilingual, student self-authored identity texts. Called the Early Authors Program (EAP), the intervention stands as an example of how spaces and opportunities for literacy development among young ELLs can be created in a classroom instructional environment. The EAP, which reached 800 families, was evaluated using a combination of methods and instruments. The goal of the evaluation component was to collect data spanning one year from 325 randomly selected participating children in both control and experimental groups. Among its several beneficial outcomes, the EAP had demonstrably positive effects on children's language scores and appears to have strengthened their identities and fostered their self-esteem. Because a proportion of these students would be at risk for LD, we propose the implementation of programs of this type generally for ELL children, and especially for those considered likely to have future school-related difficulties.
32
Friborg, Oddgeir, Tore Sørlie, Berit Schei, Cecilie Javo, Øystein Sørbye, and Ketil Lenert Hansen. "Do Childhood Boarding School Experiences Predict Health, Well-Being and Disability Pension in Adults? A SAMINOR Study." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 848–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120962571.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous Sámi and Kven minority children in Norway were during the 20th century placed at boarding schools to hasten their adoption of the Norwegian majority language and culture. This is the first population-based study examining health, well-being and disability pension rates among these children. Data stem from two epidemiological studies conducted in 2003/04 (SAMINOR 1) and 2012 (SAMINOR 2) by the Centre for Sami Health Research. The SAMINOR 1 study included N = 13,974 residents (50.1% women, Mage = 52.9 years) and n = 2,125 boarding participants (49.6% women, Mage = 56.2 years). The SAMINOR 2 part included N = 10,512 residents (55.5% women, Mage = 47.6 years) and n = 1246 boarding participants (48.7% women, Mage = 54.1 years). Main outcome measures are mental and general health, well-being and disability pension linearly regressed upon the predictors. We observed minor differences between boarding and non-boarding participants that generally disfavored the former, of which many disappeared after covariate adjustment. Boarding school participants reported more discrimination, violence, unhealthier lifestyle behavior (smoking), less education and household income compared to non-boarding participants. The exceptionally long timeframe between boarding school and the current outcome measures (40–50 years) is a likely reason for the weak associations. The study supports the international literature on health inequalities and highlights the risk of ill health following boarding school placement of indigenous or minority children. On a positive note, participants reporting stronger ethnic belonging (strong Sámi identity) were well protected, and even functioned better in terms of lower disability rates than majority Norwegians.
33
Boagey, Heather, Jasleen K. Jolly, and Anne E. Ferrey. "Psychological Impact of Vision Loss." Journal of Mental Health & Clinical Psychology 6, no. 3 (August 19, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-2959/2021/3.1256.
Full textAbstract:
A diagnosis of conditions leading to vision loss can be devastating and often impacts mental health. Understanding this allows us to consider what provisions might help those who are impacted. We undertook 18 semi-structured interviews with patients diagnosed with eye disease leading to vision loss to explore its psychological impact. Participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), providing a snapshot of their depression and anxiety levels at the time of interview. NVivo-12 software (QSR International Ltd, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA) was used to inductively analyse and code data to identify themes related to the psychological impact. Participants had a mean BDI score of 9.6, and thematic analysis generated five key themes and associated subthemes. Coming to terms with the diagnosis included discussion of subthemes of “denial” and moving towards “acceptance”. Effects on mental health included depression/low mood, anxiety, and stress-related worsening of vision. Loss included various losses following initial loss of vision. Effects on identity included facing a curtailed life, worry that visual impairment might define a person’s identity, and feelings of frustration with their own loss of function and with others’ reactions to their disability. The future included thoughts about long-term consequences, both negative and positive (e.g., maximizing experiences given the vision one has left). Although such a diagnosis will nearly always have a psychological impact and require work to move toward acceptance, support could mitigate impact on mental health, such as practical support (e.g., advice on low vision aids), and psychological support.
34
Sri Dewi Untari, Ni Komang, Kurnia Kusumastuti, Guritno Suryokusumo, and I. Ketut Sudiana. "Characteristics of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Patient Underwent Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy at Lakesla 2016–2019." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, B (September 21, 2021): 1174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6679.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is considered an acute immune-mediated monophasic illness. Standard therapy includes intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and/or plasmapheresis. Yet, long-standing disability remains a problem. In Indonesia, the availability and cost of these therapies are constraints. AIM: To show the capability of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy in GBS patients who did not undergo standard therapy. HBO2 also provides healing in patients who experience delays in therapy. METHODS: Data included identity, demographic, social history, current disease history, disease progression and therapies used. Data were displayed in the form of tables and graphs. RESULTS: Twenty-five GBS patients underwent HBO2 from 2016 to 2019. The majority of patients were males aged 20-30 years, triggered by preceding diarrhea. After approximately three to ten days following HBO2, they felt their first positive changes. They walked with assistance after two to three weeks receiving HBO2 and without assistance after four to 12 weeks receiving HBO2. CONCLUSION: HBO2 administration show clinical improvement in GBS patients. HBO2 is expected to become an adjuctive therapy for GBS patients in Indonesia.
35
Rey Martínez, Fernando. "Igualdad y prohibición de discriminación: de 1978 a 2018 // Equality and prohibition of discrimination: from 1978 to 2018." Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 100 (December 20, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.100.2017.20685.
Full textAbstract:
Resumen:A lo largo de los cuarenta años de vigencia de la Constitución de 1978, el tradicional derecho de igualdad se ha visto enriquecido por la emergencia de una nueva rama del ordenamiento jurídico: el Derecho Antidiscriminatorio. En el texto se traza la gramática conceptual de las nuevas categorías y su desarrollo jurisprudencial.El estudio analiza qué significa hoy la igualdad en sentido jurídico preciso, qué comprende la prohibición constitucional de no sufrir discriminación en general y también respecto de la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, la igualdad étnico/racial, la igualdad de las personas con cualquier tipo de discapacidad o por motivos de orientación e identidad sexuales.Summary:1. Sense and scope of constitutional equality 1.1 Introduction: from the classical concept of equality to new anti-discrimination law. 1.2 The legal concept of equality. 1.3 Equality in (the content) of the law and equality before (or in application) the law. 1.4 «Formal» or «legal» equality and «real» or «opportunity» equality. 1.5 Discrimination by indifferentiation. 2. Equality and prohibition of discrimination in strict sense. 2.1 Equality of Treatment. 2.1.1 Direct discrimination or treatment. 2.1.2 Indirect or impact discrimination. 2.1.3 Discrimination wrong, hidden and by association. 2.1.4 Multiple Discrimination. 2.2 Equal Opportunities: positive actions and positive discrimination. 3. Discrimination by sex / gender 3.1 Situation of the problem and regulatory framework. 3.2 Relevant jurisprudence. 4. Discrimination by ethnicity / race. 5. Discrimination for disability. 6. Discrimination by sexual orientation and identity.Abstract:Throughout the forty years of validity of the 1978 Constitution, the traditional right of equality has been enriched by the emergence of a new branch of the legal system: Anti-Discriminatory Law. The text draws the conceptual grammar of the new categories and their jurisprudential development. The study analyzes what equality means in a precise juridical sense, which includes the constitutional prohibition against discrimination in general and equality between women and men, ethnic / racial equality, equality of persons with any type of disability or for reasons of sexual orientation and identity.
36
Manjrekar, Shraddha Mahore, and Manali Deshmukh. "Exploring societal participation in making cities smart." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017006011.
Full textAbstract:
The word ‘Future’ has been synonymous to ‘Development’ for most of the people. Architects of the Nation strive for a well-developed state, where it reaches towards enhanced living conditions than the present. In this regard of development, structure of Indian government is well defined. The policies designed at central level envision the total development. These policies make the local bodies function on the same lines. They make an impression in common people’s life that there are some positive changes in the cities. These policies also mark an identity, e.g., after implementation of city Development Plans under JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru, National Urban Renewal Mission), the buses bought for BRT (Bus Rapid Transport) had become identity of this policy. The meaning of Smart Cities in India also has been interpreted by people in many ways. For cities to become smarter it needs a holistic approach in developing a sustainable urban eco system and thus the roles of various stakeholders become very important in executing this mission. Not only the investors, financial organizations, planners, architects and people in construction industry but the citizens too have role in making cities smart. People of all age, gender, ability and disability are responsible in making a city smart. Education and awareness is the key for making them aware of their participation in the process of development. This paper also mentions the role of educational institutes to make people understand the essence of development.
37
Yoon, Taesung, Hyeonsuk Lim, and Kyoungwon Lim. "Exploration on Special Educational Experiences of Life History Researches in Special Education Field (1995~2022)." Korean Association for Qualitative Inquiry 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 379–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.30940/jqi.2022.8.3.379.
Full textAbstract:
This study tried to find implications by examining the school-age special education experience shown in the life history researches in the field of special education. From 1995 to May 2022, 31 papers were analyzed for description and content of research trends. Descriptive analysis focused on research methods and considered disability areas, research topics, participants, data collection and analysis, and research ethics and truthfulness. The content analysis looked at the experiences of special education by subject of special education according to the times. The special education period was divided into the period of suffering, the foundation, the development, the leap, and after 2007. The results of the content analysis are as follows. The study on special education practitioners was the life, thought, and achievements of people who had an influence on the early development of special education. The research on special education teachers included educational practice, practical knowledge of teaching and learning methods, and teacher identity. The experience of special education of persons with disabilities was divided into inclusive education experience and seperated education experience, and the educational experience was positive or negative. As for the parent’s special education, the more severe the child’s disability, the stronger the negative experience of special education. In the future research on life history in the field of special education, it was confirmed that it was necessary to clarify methodical aspects. In terms of content, it is necessary to clarify the scope of special education, expand topics such as specific events and places, participate in special education teachers, study life history focusing on the school-age educational experience of persons with disabilities, and distinguish between biography and life history researches.
38
McCarthy, Henry. "Advocacy to Invigorate Rehabilitation Counseling Professional Associations: A Reflective Inquiry and Suggested Action Goals." Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 63, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355219864649.
Full textAbstract:
Reflections and recommendations from American Rehabilitation Counseling Association (ARCA) leaders were solicited and analyzed to explore challenging issues considered relevant to all rehabilitation counseling (RC) associations. Of the 29 locatable Past-Presidents (from 1980 through 2016), 12 persons (41%) participated. The free-response questions emailed were the following: (1) describe the best accomplishment of your year as President; (2) explain the biggest challenge at that time for ARCA as an organization; (3) explain the concurrent challenges for the RC profession; and (4) specify two top priorities that ARCA leaders should work on, to have positive impact on RC’s stakeholders. The verbatim responses, presented in full in this article, were categorized into thematic clusters. The major themes that were identified echoed findings from some related prior studies and ongoing discourse within RC. Recommended goals for the profession’s sustainability are to (a) shape a stronger professional identity that is better understood and appreciated; (b) support an organizational vehicle or association for publicizing our voice and vision, and cultivating growth through ongoing professional collaboration; (c) increase the meaningful impact our profession has on its stakeholder groups; (d) enhance and maintain high standards of rehabilitation education and competent, ethical practice; and (e) engage in partnership with the disability community.
39
McIntosh, Alison, and Candice Harris. "Hospitality training as a means of independence for young adults with learning disabilities." Hospitality Insights 2, no. 2 (October 24, 2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i2.38.
Full textAbstract:
Employment is a core plank of independent living for people with disabilities and a key part of their identity and self-esteem. Nevertheless, it is widely recorded that people with disabilities have lower employment rates than the non-disabled, and continue to experience workplace discrimination. Workers with disabilities are generally found to have greater loyalty to the company, punctuality to the job, dependability, greater levels of cooperation and dedication, and lower turnover rates and absenteeism. Representing an estimated 10–19 percent of the general population worldwide, people with disabilities are seen as an untapped source of workers for hospitality labour [1]. Yet evidence shows that the hospitality industry has, so far, been a follower rather than a leader with respect to training and employment practices for people with disabilities compared to other industries [2]. Viewing disability as a product of the disabling wider social and attitudinal barriers around disability (known as the social model of disability [3]), there is an opportunity for the hospitality industry to contribute toward positive social change.
Given the need to change negative societal attitudes before there can be an increase in the employment of people with disabilities, there is an important need to examine representations of disability in hospitality training and employment. Representations are important because they set expectations around behavioural norms and can help break down barriers by influencing the perceptions of those who receive them. Applying a constructionist approach [4], this research examined how hospitality work and training is represented in the popular television documentary series The Special Needs Hotel as it relates to training for young adults with learning disabilities1 – a group who are rendered more marginalised in employment than any other group of young people with disabilities. The three-part TV series, which aired on TVNZ in 2017, followed the experiences of young people with learning disabilities as they received hands-on hospitality training at the Foxes Hotel and Academy – a specialist catering college and residential training hotel in Somerset, U.K., that is also a fully operating hotel with paying guests (http://foxesacademy.ac.uk/). Over their three years of study, learners are trained in three vocational departments – house-keeping, food preparation and food service – before being prepared to apply for and seek hospitality employment.
The research found that the series positively presents hospitality training as a means of enjoyment and of ‘achieving independence’ for the young adults with learning disabilities, with coping strategies and accommodations used to ensure the learners meet the necessary ‘realistic expectations’ and requirements of hospitality work. Through the intensive hands-on training, the learners are found to successfully acquire life skills, gain independence, find hospitality employment, and make plans for the future. However, this positive representation contrasts with the fear and realities of independence and struggles with the pressures of hospitality work for the trainees themselves (struggles that are both emotional and physical due to the nature of their disability). Our research highlighted that not all learners wanted independence, and often struggled with the training; for example, the stress and speed of service delivery, difficulties in communicating with customers, and having to work alone.
Lessons from this research provide the opportunity to review and vary what is expected of the ‘look and feel’ of hospitality work and service delivery in order to increase employment for people with disabilities. In particular, if left unchallenged, the stereotyping of the ‘professionalism’ expected in hospitality work and training can render people with learning disabilities as being and looking unprofessional as hospitality workers and requiring accommodation to meet the standards of ‘doing hospitality’. There is a need to give greater attention to disability awareness training, including information geared toward working alongside employees with disabilities, and HR practices. There are challenges to employers about their attitudes toward employing people with disabilities and management of the physical and service environment with regards to how they can render it welcoming or unwelcoming for employees with disabilities. Above all, this understanding can open opportunities to review and realign hospitality employment and training with ethical and non-discriminatory principles and guidelines, which are essential if the employment of people with disabilities is to be improved. As this research concluded, the inclusion of people with disabilities can make the hospitality experience more diverse, personal, meaningful, unique and memorable.
The full research article can be accessed here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431917307351
Note
We use the terminology of the documentary series and recognise the varied, unique and highly complex nature of learning disabilities.
Corresponding author
Alison McIntosh can be contacted at: alison.mcintosh@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) Poria, Y.; Reichel, A.; Brandt, Y. Dimensions of Hotel Experience of People with Disabilities: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2011, 23(5), 571–591.
(2) Groschl, S. Current Human Resources Practices Affecting the Employment of Persons with Disabilities in Selected Toronto Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration 2004, 5(3), 15–30.
(3) Oliver, M. Understanding Disability: From Theory to Practice; Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke, U.K., 1996.
(4) Hall, S. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices; Sage: London, U.K., 1997.
40
Leontovich, Olga A. "The dynamics of political correctness, inclusive language and freedom of speech." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 194–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-1-194-220.
Full textAbstract:
The study aims to research the historical dynamics of the notions political correctness, inclusive language and freedom of speech, as well as to reveal the mechanisms and new tendencies of their realization in public discourse. The sources of practical material are represented by: a) 126 journal and Internet articles; b) 12 speeches of famous US and British politicians, scholars and celebrities reflecting the notions under study. The leading methods include critical discourse analysis, definition and contextual analyses. The research indicates that during its long and contradictory history, the term political correctness had both positive and negative connotations. When the negative attitude started to prevail, it was replaced by the notions inclusion and inclusive language based on similar mechanisms: ban on the use of offensive terms denoting different aspects of peoples identity; avoidance of stereotypes and false semantic associations; abundant use of euphemisms, etc. The paper reveals the new trends in the English language (non-binary expression of gender; changes in the conceptualization of race, age and disability) and social practices meeting the requirements of inclusive communication. Whereas political correctness and inclusive language aim to protect vulnerable social groups and improve the social climate, they produce certain undesirable tendencies: breach between social groups caused by inefficient communication; reverse racism; complex relationship of political correctness with science, literature and education; its speculative use; and restrictions on freedom of speech. The study also sheds light on the problems of politically correct intercultural communication caused by the non-stop language change, differences in social norms, values, grammatical structures, semantics, and cultural associations.
41
Loy-Ashe, Tarah, and Brent Hawkins. "Intersections of ageism and gender stigma: Exploring long-term care employees' attitudes towards aging." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3408.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of this mixed methods, single case study was to explore long-term care (LTC) employees’ attitudes towards age and gender. The intersection of Rosemary Garland-Thomson’s theory of feminist disability (2001) and Hailee Gibbons’ compulsory youthfulness theory (2016) provided the conceptual framework for this project. The sample consisted of 60 LTC direct care employees, all employed at the same organization, who completed an on-line survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey consisted of demographic questions and the Fraboni Scale of Ageism. Twenty-one of these employees participated in a 30-45 minute phone interview. Cultural artifacts were also collected. All data were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although quantitative results showed no statistical significance, qualitative results suggest that employees do exhibit some ageist attitudes towards the residents for whom they care. Despite evidence that most employees felt a deep connection with residents, they detached themselves from the aging process. The theoretical framework lends hand in explaining how both ableism and ageism appeared to contribute to this detachment. Findings indicated employees’ interactions and attitudes towards residents were influenced by themes compassionate ageism, ableism, and identity, which resulted in meta theme caregiver validation and reward. Employees received validation and altruistic reward from positive interactions with what they perceived to be “ideal” residents; those who fit the stereotype of a nursing home resident, such as older, pleasant, and dependent. The perceived “ideal” residents varied by gender. Generally, female residents were expected to be more independent and at times viewed negatively when requesting assistance.
42
Fayard, Nicole. "Spaces of (Re)Connections: Performing Experiences of Disabling Gender Violence." Text Matters, no. 9 (December 30, 2019): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.09.17.
Full textAbstract:
The article explores the potential “healing” role performance art can have when representing disabling trauma, and engaging, as part of the creative process, participants who have experienced in their lives significant trauma and physical, as well as mental health concerns arising from gender violence. It focuses on the show cicatrix macula, performed during the exhibition Speaking Out: Women Healing from the Trauma of Violence (Leicester, 2014). The exhibition involved disabled visual and creative artists, and engaged participants in the process of performance making. It was held at the Attenborough Arts Centre in Leicester (UK), a pioneering arts centre designed to be inclusive and accessible. The show cicatrix macula focused on social, cultural, mental, and physical representations of trauma and disability, using three lacerated life-size puppets to illustrate these depictions. Working under the direction of the audience, two artists attempted to “repair” the bodies. The creative process was a collaborative endeavour: the decision-making process rested with the audience, whose privileged positions of witness and meaning-maker were underscored. Fayard demonstrates the significance of cicatrix macula in debunking ablist gender norms, as well as in highlighting the role played by social and cultural enablers. She calls attention to its potential for mobilizing positive identity politics, including for viewers who had experienced trauma. For example, the environment of the participatory performance space offered some opportunities for the survivor to become the author or arbiter of her own recovery. In addition, the constant physical exchange of bodies within this space of debate was well-suited to the (re)connection with the self and with others.
43
Vyshnyovsky, Vasyl, and Nadiia Levytska. "The system of psychodiagnostics and psychocorrection of post-traumatic disorders in combatants." Socio-Economic Problems and the State 25, no. 2 (2021): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.02.558.
Full textAbstract:
Recent events in our country show that each of us must be prepared for what may be in an extreme, unpredictable, life-threatening situation. Under such conditions, a person is significantly affected by negative stressors, which can result in stress disorders, including combat trauma, and later the development of post-traumatic stress disorders. Some servicemen can overcome the consequences of such factors on their own, others cannot do so and need the help of psychologists and other specialists. It is important to remember that psychological care for veterans should be systematic. State ministries are obliged to work on this issue and involve specialized volunteer organizations. The relevance of the study of the above topic is revealed in the article. The sequence for the selection of diagnostic methods is described. The psychotherapeutic and psychocorrective measures for combatants are listed in the research. The object of study is the identity of servicemen who took part in hostilities (ATO / OOS). The subject of research is the interaction of the personality structure of servicemen after being in extreme situations (combat). The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosis and correction of combat stress in servicemen, the study of concepts and criteria for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Development of a system that will include a set of psychodiagnostic and psychocorrective measures aimed at studying, forming the maintenance of positive mental states necessary to achieve socio-psychological well-being; reducing the frequency and severity of the consequences of combat mental trauma in the form of acute stress reactions; disability prevention; prevention of aggressive and self-destructive behavior.
44
Abbott, Kenneth, Yen-Yi Ho, and Jennifer Erickson. "Automatic health record review to help prioritize gravely ill Social Security disability applicants." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, no. 4 (January 19, 2017): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw159.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective: Every year, thousands of patients die waiting for disability benefits from the Social Security Administration. Some qualify for expedited service under the Compassionate Allowance (CAL) initiative, but CAL software focuses exclusively on information from a single form field. This paper describes the development of a supplemental process for identifying some overlooked but gravely ill applicants, through automatic annotation of health records accompanying new claims. We explore improved prioritization instead of fully autonomous claims approval. Materials and Methods: We developed a sample of claims containing medical records at the moment of arrival in a single office. A series of tools annotated both patient records and public Web page descriptions of CAL medical conditions. We trained random forests to identify CAL patients and validated each model with 10-fold cross validation. Results: Our main model, a general CAL classifier, had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.915. Combining this classifier with existing software improved sensitivity from 0.960 to 0.994, detecting every deceased patient, but reducing positive predictive value to 0.216. Discussion: True positive CAL identification is a priority, given CAL patient mortality. Mere prioritization of the false positives would not create a meaningful burden in terms of manual review. Death certificate data suggest the presence of truly ill patients among putative false positives. Conclusion: To a limited extent, it is possible to identify gravely ill Social Security disability applicants by analyzing annotations of unstructured electronic health records, and the level of identification is sufficient to be useful in prioritizing case reviews.
45
Fleming, Padraic, Sinead McGilloway, and Steve Thomas. "Individualised Funding: A Realist Analysis to Identify the Causal Factors That Facilitate Positive Outcomes." Disabilities 1, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities1010004.
Full textAbstract:
There is growing interest, internationally, in empowering people with disabilities, and the United Nations have identified individualised funding as one way in which empowerment might be achieved. ‘Individualised funding’ is an umbrella term for various publicly funded support structures that provide personalised and individualised support services for people with a disability. These aim to facilitate self-direction, empowerment, independence, and self-determination. The findings of a recent mixed-methods systematic review of studies undertaken during an approximate 25-year period suggest positive effects with respect to quality of life, client satisfaction, and safety, as well as very few adverse effects, although the evidence on cost-effectiveness was inconclusive. This paper involved a re-examination of the qualitative findings of that review by employing a realist framework to explore the interplay between key contexts and mechanisms, and how these facilitate or inhibit positive outcomes associated with individualised funding and its underlying programme theory.
46
Phillips, B. Allyson, Stoni Fortney, and Lindsey Swafford. "College Students’ Social Perceptions Toward Individuals With Intellectual Disability." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 30, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207318788891.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the current study was to describe the social perceptions of American college students toward individuals with intellectual disability (ID), identify factors that influence social perception, and determine if level of functioning alters one’s perception. The sample was comprised of 186 American college students. The participants completed the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID). The ATTID measures five factors—discomfort toward ID, knowledge of capacity and rights, interaction with individuals with ID, sensibility/tenderness, and knowledge of causes. The students’ overall social perception toward ID was primarily positive for all factors except for sensibility/tenderness. More positive social perception was found among students with greater knowledge of ID and more frequent and more positive interactions with individuals with ID. In addition, social perception was significantly more negative for lower functioning than higher functioning individuals with ID. This study helped identify factors that need more attention in awareness campaigns and educational programs.
47
Beales, Darren, Anne Smith, Peter O'Sullivan, Michael Hunter, and Leon Straker. "Back Pain Beliefs Are Related to the Impact of Low Back Pain in Baby Boomers in the Busselton Healthy Aging Study." Physical Therapy 95, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140064.
Full textAbstract:
Background Back pain beliefs (BPBs) are an important modifiable factor related to disability associated with low back pain (LBP). Back pain beliefs have not been characterized in baby boomers, a group at risk for decreased activity levels and reduced productivity. Objective The aims of this study were: (1) to identify factors related to BPBs and (2) to evaluate the association between LBP disability and beliefs. Design A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling baby boomers (born 1946–1964) was conducted. Methods Nine hundred fifty-eight baby boomers (mean age=56.2 years) participating in the Busselton Healthy Aging Study provided their history of LBP, BPBs, LBP behaviors related to care seeking (taking medication, seeking professional help) and activity modification (missing work, interference with normal activities, interference with recreational activities), LBP-related disability, and additional covariates with known associations with BPBs. Regression analyses were used to: (1) identify factors associated with more positive beliefs and (2) test the association between more positive BPBs and lower LBP disability, independent of other correlates of BPBs. Results More positive BPBs were associated with younger age, better mental well-being, and higher income, whereas more negative BPBs were associated with receiving sickness or disability benefits and the experience of LBP in the previous month. In participants who reported experiencing LBP within the previous month, more positive BPBs were associated with lower disability scale scores and a decreased probability of interference with usual activities, independent of pain intensity, age, mental well-being, income, and employment status. Limitations Cross-sectional analysis limits assessment of causality. Conclusions Poorer BPBs were associated with greater disability. Characterization of the relationships between BPBs and LBP-associated behaviors and disability in baby boomers can assist in developing interventions to improve activity participation and productivity, potentially reducing the burden of LBP in this age group.
48
Garbi, Márcia de Oliveira Sakamoto Silva, Priscilla Hortense, Rodrigo Ramon Falconi Gomez, Talita de Cássia Raminelli da Silva, Ana Carolina Ferreira Castanho, and Fátima Aparecida Emm Faleiros Sousa. "Pain intensity, disability and depression in individuals with chronic back pain." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, no. 4 (August 2014): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3492.2453.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES: to measure the pain intensity, identify the disability and depression levels in people with chronic back pain and to correlate these variables. A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study was undertaken at the Pain Treatment Clinic of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Hospital das Clínicas, between February and June 2012, after receiving approval from the Ethics Committee at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing.METHOD: sixty subjects with chronic back pain participated. The instruments used were: the 11-point Numerical Category Scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. To analyze the data, the arithmetic means, standard deviations and Spearman's correlation coefficient were calculated.RESULTS: the findings show that the participants presented high pain, disability and depression levels. The correlation between pain intensity and disability and between pain intensity and depression was positive and weak and, between disability and depression, positive and moderate.CONCLUSION: the study variables showed moderate and weak indices and the mutual correlations were positive.
49
Lim, Young-Min, So Young Pyun, Bong-Hui Kang, Jimin Kim, and Kwang-Kuk Kim. "Factors associated with the effectiveness of plasma exchange for the treatment of NMO-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19, no. 9 (December 21, 2012): 1216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458512471875.
Full textAbstract:
To identify factors associated with plasma exchange response in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders, the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of 31 NMO-IgG-positive patients receiving plasma exchange for steroid-resistant exacerbations were analyzed. Functional improvement was observed in 65% of the patients. A lower baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score was associated with favorable response ( p = 0.040). Patients without cord atrophy had a higher success rate than patients with atrophy ( p = 0.016). Levels of NMO-IgG did not differ between responders and non-responders before and after plasma exchange. In conclusion, a minimal pre-existing disability is the primary determinant of the effectiveness of plasma exchange.
50
Weitzner, Eleanor, Susan Surca, Sarah Wiese, Andrea Dion, Zoe Roussos, Rebecca Renwick, and Karen Yoshida. "Getting on With Life." Qualitative Health Research 21, no. 11 (August 16, 2011): 1455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732311417726.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the dominant cultural beliefs toward disability are negative, and the existing literature is limited with respect to examining how people are using and/or viewing their disabilities positively. The purpose of this study was to identify how individuals living with a spinal cord injury (SCI) viewed and/or used their disability positively, and what contextual influences facilitated this positive approach. This study was a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a larger study. The findings revealed three levels at which disability was viewed and/or used positively by people with SCI: self, peers, and disability community. In addition, several aspects of the participants’ situations were found to facilitate this positive view and/or use of disability: personality, spirituality, support systems, and acceptance of one’s disability. The findings reveal that individuals with SCI are viewing and/or using their disabilities positively in many different ways. This study has significant implications for the direction of future research and for health care professionals who need to increase their advocacy and facilitating roles.