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Istiqomah, Istiqomah. "Positive Negative Affect and Teen Pregnancy." Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities 2 (October 8, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v2i.97.
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Pregnancy is one of the important events in a woman’s life. Having a positive and planned pregnancy will impact the psychological well-being of both mother and baby. This study describes the relationship between the affect and demographics of pregnant adolescents. Respondents consisted of 92 pregnant adolescents (19.6% trimester 1, 41.3% trimester 2 and 39.1% trimester 3), with an age range of 16 to 35 years (M = 18.99, SD = 2.899). Pregnant adolescents were asked to fill in the positive and negative influence scale (PANAS). The correlation coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha for the positive influence scale is 0.845. The correlation coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha for the negative influence scale is 0.676. Researchers used Chi-Square to determine the relationship between positive and negative influences with the demographic characteristics of adolescent mothers. The results of the description of the Positive affect were related to age (Asymp. Sig. = 0.000) and gestational age (Asymp. Sig. = 0.009). In contrast, the Negative affect was related to adolescent education (Asymp. Sig. = 0.013). These results underlie the process of adaptation of adolescent mothers in undergoing a healthy and planned pregnancy.
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Rammstedt, Beatrice, and Dagmar Krebs. "Does Response Scale Format Affect the Answering of Personality Scales?" European Journal of Psychological Assessment 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.1.32.
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When developing a questionnaire, one puts much effort into item formulation. Whether the format of the corresponding response scales affects response behavior, however, has rarely been studied, to date. The present study investigates (1) the effects of the response scale direction (ranging from positive to negative vs. negative to positive) and (2) the match between numerical labeling and scale direction, i.e., assigning high numbers to the positive pole and low numbers to the negative pole or vice versa. These response scale effects were studied based on responses in the BFI-10, the short-scale version of the widely-used Big Five Inventory (BFI), assessing the Big Five dimensions of personality by two items each. Using a dependent sample design, subjects answered the 10 items using end-point labeled response scales ranging from the negative (labeled “1”) to the positive pole (labeled “8”) at Time 1. At Time 2 (approximately 3 weeks later), respondents were split into two conditions: The BFI-10 was administered again with an 8-point scale ranging from the positive to the negative pole. In the first condition, the positive pole was labeled “8” and the negative pole was labeled “1”; in the second condition, the positive pole was labeled “1” and the negative pole was labeled “8.” Results clearly support the notion that the direction of the response scale (Condition 1) does not affect response behavior. There were no differences in means, standard deviations, or in the intercorrelations patterns. However, there seems to be an intuitive match between the positive pole and high numerical labeling. When poles were counterintuitively labeled (Condition 2), significant differences could be identified for all analyses conducted.
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Velasco Matus, Pedro Wolfgang, Sofía Rivera Aragón, Alejandra del Carmen Domínguez Espinosa, Fernando Méndez Rangel, and Rolando Díaz Loving. "Positive Affect/Negative Affect Scale for Mexicans (PANA-M): Evidences of Validity and Reliability." Acta de Investigación Psicológica 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2021.1.377.
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The affective component of Subjective Well Being refers to the emotional evaluations people make regarding day-to-day life events. These emotional responses can be categorized into two: Positive affect and Negative affect. Positive affect usually indicate that life is going well, and everything is as expected; negative affect indicates the opposite. Despite the immense number of instruments and scales that currently exist around this topic, there’s still room for improvement regarding psychometric properties. To minimize some of the recent challenges, a new Affect scale was developed instead of adopting or adapting an existing one. Three independent studies use several techniques (Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Convergent validity, Cronbach’s Alpha, McDonald’s Omega, Tucker’s congruence coefficient) to show adequate validity and reliability properties. The final product, a Positive Affect/Negative Affect Scale -originally developed for Mexico-, shows adequate properties and even suggest proper functioning in an Argentinian sample. Strengths for this new scale are discussed and the relationship between positive/negative affect with other psychological variables is discussed as well.
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Novovic, Zdenka, Ljiljana Mihic, Snezana Tovilovic, and Veljko Jovanovic. "Relations among positive and negative affect, dysphoria and anxiety1." Psihologija 41, no. 4 (2008): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0804413n.
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According to Tellegen et al.'s Two-factor model, commonalities between depression and anxiety are due to their shared variance with Negative affect (NA), a broad dimension of general distress. Low Positive affect (PA), a dimension of pleasurable emotions, is believed to be uniquely related to depression. In this study, we tested these basic assumptions. A sample of 141 students at the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad filled out a state measure of PA, NA, and basic emotions (SIAB-PANAS), a depression scale (BDI-II), and a state anxiety scale (STAI-S). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to estimate the unique contributions of PA, NA, and basic emotions in the prediction of dysphoria and anxiety. The hypothesis that NA is a general dimension related to both dysphoria and anxiety was supported. Sadness and fear added incrementally to the prediction of both criteria. However, contrary to our hypothesis, PA was related to both dysphoria and anxiety. Joviality, attentiveness, and self-assurance were better predictors of anxiety than dysphoria. Methodological and clinical implications of the results were discussed.
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Veronese, Guido, and Alessandro Pepe. "Positive and Negative Affect in Children Living in Refugee Camps." Evaluation & the Health Professions 40, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278715625741.
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In the present study, we assessed the psychometric proprieties of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale–Child Version (PANAS-C) in a large sample of Palestinian children ( N = 1,376) of different age ranges living in refugee camps. In particular, we used standard confirmatory factor analysis to test competing factor structures for the PANAS-C, with a view to developing a stable version of the instrument, suitable for speedy administration in applied and research settings in the contexts of military violence. Four alternative models of the PANAS-C were evaluated: unidimensional; two-dimensional with independent PA and NA scales and covariance of item-level errors unallowed; two-dimensional with dependent PA and NA scales and covariance of item-level errors unallowed; and two-dimensional with dependent PA and NA scales and covariance of item-level errors. The results of the statistical analysis supported a 20-item measurement model comprising the PANAS-C20 Arabic version for children. The items in this best fitting model loaded on two different and negatively correlated factors. These findings encourage full adoption of the PANAS-C20 as a tool for assessing both PA and NA in Palestinian children living in contexts of warfare.
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Bakalım, Orkide, and Arzu Taşdelen-Karçkay. "Positive and negative affect as predictors of family life satisfaction." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 21, 2015): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i1.3251.
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<p>This study was conducted to predict the levels family life satisfaction by the positive and negative affect variables on high school students. Sample group consists of 456 students of various types of high schools in Uşak city center. In the study “Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)” and “Family Life Satisfaction Scale” were used as data collection tools. In order to predict the levels of Family Life Satisfaction by Positive and Negative Affect, Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis was performed. When the findings of the study were analyzed, the first predicator of the family life satisfaction was determined as the negative affect and the latter positive affect.</p>
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Vodanovich, Stephen J., Kathryn M. Verner, and Thomas V. Gilbride. "Boredom Proneness: Its Relationship to Positive and Negative Affect." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (December 1991): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1139.
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170 undergraduate students completed the Boredom Proneness Scale by Farmer and Sundberg and the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist by Zuckerman and Lubin. Significant negative relationships were found between boredom proneness and negative affect scores (i.e., Depression, Hostility, Anxiety). Significant positive correlations also obtained between boredom proneness and positive affect (i.e., Positive Affect, Sensation Seeking). The correlations between boredom proneness “subscales” and positive and negative affect were congruent with those obtained using total boredom proneness scores. Implications for counseling are discussed.
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Krebs, Dagmar, and Juergen H. P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik. "Positive First or Negative First?" Methodology 6, no. 3 (January 2010): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000013.
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To examine whether starting a response scale with the positive or the negative categories affects response behavior, a split-ballot design using reverse forms of an 8-point scale assessing the subjective importance of job characteristics was used. Response behavior varied according to the scale format employed. Responses were more positive on the scale starting with the category “very important” (split 2). By contrast, the scale starting with the category “not at all important” (split 1) did not elicit more negative responses, but rather less positive ones. However, differences in response behavior did not systematically reflect the direction of the respective scales. Starting with the differences between the two split versions, the factorial structure of indicators assessing two dimensions of job motivation was tested for each scale type separately and then for both scale types simultaneously. Finally, models placing increasingly severe equality constraints on both scale types were tested. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results and desiderata for further research.
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Lewis, Christopher Alan, Paddy McCollam, and Stephen Joseph. "CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF THE DEPRESSION-HAPPINESS SCALE WITH THE BRADBURN AFFECT BALANCE SCALE." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, no. 6 (January 1, 2000): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.6.579.
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The aim of the present paper is to provide further evidence for the convergent validity of one such measure, the Depression-Happiness Scale (McGreal & Joseph, 1993; Joseph & Lewis, 1998). The Affect Balance Scale (Bradburn, 1969), a measure which is very well established in the subjective well-being literature, which contains measures of both positive and negative affect, was administered alongside the Depression-Happiness Scale to 67 undergraduate students. As predicted, higher scores on the Depression-Happiness Scale, indicating a higher frequency of positive feelings and a lower frequency of negative feelings, were significantly associated with higher scores on the Affect Balance Scale and the Affect Positive Scale and also with lower scores on the Affect Negative Scale. These data provide further evidence of the convergent validity of the Depression-Happiness Scale.
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Narayanan, Lakshmi, Nasser Said Gomaa Abdelrasheed, Ramzi Naim Nasser, and Shanker Menon. "Dimensional Structure of the Arabic Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale Adapted From its English Form." Psychological Reports 123, no. 6 (July 23, 2019): 2597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294119863293.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensional structure of the Arabic version of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule using a sample of undergraduate students from a private university in the Sultanate of Oman. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test four preconceptualized item-fit models: a one-factor structure model, a two-factor model using a factor structure of items converging on Positive Affect and Negative Affect, a correlated two-factor model, and finally the correlated three-factor model. Strongest support was found for the correlated two-factor model. A recent study provided further evidence of the robust structure of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule using the two-factor model. This study tested the model in a non-Western culture and a population that was very different from that in previous studies. The implications of these findings and recommendations are discussed herein.
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Deniz, M. Engin, and Erkan Işik. "Positive and Negative Affect, Life Satisfaction, and Coping with Stress by Attachment Styles in Turkish Students." Psychological Reports 107, no. 2 (October 2010): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.09.10.20.pr0.107.5.480-490.
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The purpose was to investigate positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and coping with stress in relation to attachment styles. Undergraduate students ( N = 421) completed the Relationship Scales Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Coping with Stress Scale. Results indicated that secure attachment style was the unique predictor of positive affect while fearful and preoccupied attachment styles significantly predicted negative affect. Regarding life satisfaction, a positive correlation with secure attachment style and a negative correlation with fearful and preoccupied styles were seen. However, the unique predictor of life satisfaction was preoccupied attachment style. In terms of coping with stress, there was no significant association between attachment variables and avoidance coping style, but significant links were observed between problem-focused coping and dismissing, and fearful and preoccupied attachment styles.
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Kvaal, Steven A., and Shobhana Patodia. "Relations among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Somatic Symptoms in a Medically Ill Patient Sample." Psychological Reports 87, no. 1 (August 2000): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.1.227.
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The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), a brief measure of Positive and Negative Affect, may be useful in assessing mood of medical patients because it does not include somatic items frequently confounded with medical conditions. In previous research Positive and Negative Affect have been independent and uncorrelated, and Negative Affect but not Positive Affect has been positively correlated with somatic symptoms. However, relationships between variables may vary in different populations, and there is relatively little information on Positive and Negative Affect in medical patients. In the current study, the PANAS was used to assess the relationships among Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and somatic symptoms and pain in a medically ill hospital population. Positive and Negative Affect scores were positively correlated and for patients reporting pain, Positive Affect scores were positively correlated with pain intensity. Results from this and other studies indicate that Positive and Negative Affect are independent but in some populations may be correlated; positive affects such as hopefulness may co-occur with both somatic complaints and psychological distress.
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Kampf, Pia H., Ana Hernández, and Vicente González-Romá. "An Ultra-Short Measure of Positive and Negative Affect: The Reduced Affective Well-Being Scale (RAWS)." Revista Psicologia: Organizações & Trabalho 20 (2020): 1257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17652/rpot/2020.4.10.
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Apóstolo, João Luís Alves, Barry Allen Tanner, and Cynthia Lee Arfken. "Confirmatory factor analysis of the portuguese Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 3 (June 2012): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000300022.
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To determine which of three published models best characterizes the factor structure of the Portuguese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 and to assess its validity and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 for 1,297 adult, primary care outpatients (66.7% female, Mage = 48.57 years) comparing 3 models. The relationship between the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was analyzed. The correlated 3-factor model fit the data best. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency, with alpha scores of the subscales ranging from 0.836 to 0.897. Correlation with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was positive and moderate with the negative affect scale; it was negative and limited with the positive affect. These findings support the correlated 3-factor structure. The test demonstrated adequate reliability and construct validity, which supports its use for screening in primary care settings with Portuguese speakers.
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Baptista, Trino, Olga Vargas, Rosani Colmenares, and Javier Piñero. "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): psychometric properties of a Venezuelan Spanish version in medical students." Investigación Clínica 61, no. 4 (December 2020): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22209/ic.v61n4a01.
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The study of affect covers a wide range of interests in psychiatry and psychology. The PANAS (positive and negative affect scale) is widely used to explore and monitor affect. In this study, the psychometric features of an on¬line, Spanish version of the PANAS in Venezuela are described. The PANAS com¬prises 10 items exploring positive (PA) and 10 exploring negative (NA) pointers of affect. After back translation and content validity by expert opinion, the scale was administered to a probabilistic sample of 100, fifth-year medical students. We assessed factor and internal consistency analysis, 15-day apart test-retest, and concurrent validity with locally validated scales of depression (GE-DEPRE) and anxiety (ANSILET), and the Ryff’s scale of psychological well-being (PWB). The PANAS displayed good content validity (validity ratio = 0.91) and internal consistency (Crochan alfa, PA = 0.89, NA = 0.88). A forced factor analysis produced two, 10-item components of PA and NA each. The PANAS behaved poorly in the test-retest analysis, with marginally significant correlation in the PA dimension only (p = 0.055). The NA subscale positively correlated with the ANSILET scale (p = 0.03) and negatively with the PWB scale (p = 0.049). The PA only showed marginal convergent validity with the “personal relations” dimension of the PWB scale. We confirmed the two dimensions of the PANAS. Its inconsistent repeatability and construct validity support the definition of this scale as a dynamic instrument, relatively independent from depression and anxiety dimensions, and with specific value for monitoring elemental compo¬nents of affect.
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Ukueberuwa, Dede M., and Peter A. Arnett. "Examination of the Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory and Initial Validation of a Positive Scale." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 1 (November 9, 2015): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715001046.
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AbstractThe Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory (CMDI) was developed to improve accuracy in measuring depression symptoms in individuals with non-psychiatric medical illness. Earlier psychometric evaluation of the CMDI has emphasized properties of items that measure negative affect and experience. In this study, we provide an initial evaluation of an outcome scale of positive items that are also included within the CMDI but have previously been excluded from calculation of the total score. Psychometric data for the CMDI negative and positive item subscales were determined in healthy adults and patients with multiple sclerosis. Analysis included measurements of factor structure, reliability, and validity in comparison with other established measures of depression and affect. Study findings indicate that in healthy and patient samples, the CMDI Positive scale has very good reliability and validity. The Positive scale score also appears to predict depression symptoms beyond the negative item scale scores. The CMDI Positive scale could be a valuable clinical and research tool. Inclusion of the Positive scale in the CMDI total score appears to improve the measure by further capturing symptoms of affect and experience that are important to diagnosis of depression and are not covered by the negative scales alone. (JINS, 2016, 22, 76–82)
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Geuens, Maggie, and Patrick De Pelsmacker. "Developing a Short Affect Intensity Scale." Psychological Reports 91, no. 2 (October 2002): 657–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.2.657.
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The purpose of this study was to construct a brief version of the 40-item Affect Intensity Measure. Since the assumed one-dimensionality of the scale has been criticized lately, special attention was paid to the factor structure of the full and the brief scales. The scales were tested in three different samples: 510 Belgian citizens representative of the Belgian population, and 204 and 166 students of the University of Antwerp. The Short Affect Intensity Scale has 20 items. Mean scores on the original Affect Intensity Measure were 3.68, 3.67, and 3.67 for the three samples, respectively, while for the Short Affect Intensity Scale the following respective mean scores were registered: 3.76, 3.78, and 3.75. Correlations between the original and brief scales were .94, .93, and .93 for the three samples, respectively. Three factors underlie the Short Affect Intensity Scale: Positive Intensity, Negative Affectivity, and Serenity. Furthermore, the scores for the Short Affect Intensity Scale suggest it is reliable and valid.
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Yelsma, Paul. "Associations among Alexithymia, Positive and Negative Emotions, and Self-Defeating Personality." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.575-584.
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This study examined the associations among 210 college students' alexithymia scores and three emotional orientation scores. Students completed the following three self-report instruments: 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and 24-item Self-defeating Personality Scale. As predicted, a linear regression model indicated that alexithymia was associated with negative emotional activation, self-defeating personality, and inversely associated with positive emotional activation. These three affect orientations accounted for 27% of the variance associated with subjects' cognitive-affective communication difficulties expressing their emotions. A second linear regression model indicated that negative emotion activation was significantly associated with self-defeating personality, and positive emotion activation was significantly inversely associated with self-defeating personality.
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Agbo, Aaron Adibe. "The validation of the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Short Form in Nigeria." South African Journal of Psychology 46, no. 4 (August 2, 2016): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316630081.
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The present study examined the competing factor structures, validity, and reliability of the state and trait versions of the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Short Form and the effect of the number of response categories on the scale qualities among Nigerians. Undergraduates (N-1510) completed a trait version of the scale with 5-point and 7-point response formats and a state version with a 7-point response format. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed alongside other techniques to gauge the psychometric properties of the scale. The obtained factor structures for the trait and state versions were in line with the theoretical assumptions of the scale and previous findings. A correlated two-factor model provided the best fit for the trait version, while an orthogonal two-factor model provided the best fit for the state version. The scale performed well with the 7-point response format, but it performed poorly with the 5-point response format, suggesting that the behaviour of the scale depends on the number of response categories. The findings, limitations of the study, and suggestions for further studies are discussed.
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Lewis, Christopher Alan, Paddy McCollam, and Stephen Joseph. "Convergent Validity of the Depression–Happiness Scale with the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (April 2001): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.471.
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The Depression–Happiness Scale and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness were administered to 52 Northern Irish university students. Higher scores on the Depression–Happiness Scale were significantly associated with higher scores on the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale and the subscale scores of Positive Affect and Positive Experiences and with lower scores on Negative Affect and Negative Experiences. These data provide further support for the convergent validity of the Depression–Happiness Scale.
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Nsamenang, Sheri A., and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Positive psychological determinants of treatment adherence among primary care patients." Primary Health Care Research & Development 16, no. 04 (August 27, 2014): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423614000292.
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BackgroundPatient adherence to medical treatment recommendations can affect disease prognosis, and may be beneficially or deleteriously influenced by psychological factors.AimWe examined the relationships between both adaptive and maladaptive psychological factors and treatment adherence among a sample of primary care patients.MethodsOne hundred and one rural, primary care patients completed the Life Orientation Test-Revised, Trait Hope Scale, Future Orientation Scale, NEO-FFI Personality Inventory (measuring positive and negative affect), and Medical Outcomes Study General Adherence Scale.FindingsIn independent models, positive affect, optimism, hope, and future orientation were beneficially associated with treatment adherence, whereas pessimism and negative affect were negatively related to adherence. In multivariate models, only negative affect, optimism and hope remained significant and, in a comparative model, trait hope was most robustly associated with treatment adherence.ImplicationsTherapeutically, addressing negative emotions and expectancies, while simultaneously bolstering motivational and goal-directed attributes, may improve adherence to treatment regimens.
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Dua, Jagdish. "Assessment of Positive and Negative Affect as a Result of Thoughts and Real-life Experiences." Behaviour Change 7, no. 2 (June 1990): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007233.
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Cognitive behaviour therapists have argued that certain types of maladaptive thoughts cause affective distress and psychological problems faced by the individuals. The paper reports on a scale which assesses the degree to which peoples' thoughts and real-life experiences cause negative affect and positive affect (the THARL Scale). The Scale has been found to be a reliable and valid instrument.
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Dua, Jagdish, and Ian Price. "Psychometric Analysis of the Subscales of the Thoughts and Real-Life Experiences Scale." Behaviour Change 9, no. 2 (June 1992): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900006422.
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This paper reports on the reliability, validity, and factor analysis of the subscales of the Thoughts and Real-Life Experiences Scale (THARL Scale). Two hundred and twenty-three subjects completed the THARL Scale. Of these, 86 subjects also completed anxiety, stress, depressive cognitions, well-being, and general psychological health scales. Six weeks later, 174 subjects completed the THARL Scale again. The four subscales of the THARL Scale were found to be reliable. Thought-related distress and real life related distress correlated positively with anxiety, stress, and depressive cognitions, and the thought-related positive affect and real life related positive affect correlated negatively with anxiety, stress, and depressive cognitions. High distress was associated with low well-being and low psychological health, and high positive affect was associated with high well-being and high psychological health. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that positive affect due to thoughts was the best predictor of anxiety, while positive affect due to day-to-day experiences was the best predictor of stress and depressive cognitions. Positive and negative affect caused by thoughts were the two significant predictors of well-being while negative affect caused by thoughts and positive affect caused by day-to-day experiences were the two significant predictors of general psychological health. It was concluded that the THARL Scale may be employed as an instrument for the diagnosis of psychological problems and emotional health.
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Payne, Tabitha W., and Michael A. Schnapp. "The Relationship between Negative Affect and Reported Cognitive Failures." Depression Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/396195.
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The purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of the range of negative affect associated with reported problems with everyday functions and activities, measured by the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ). Evidence from previous research indicates that individuals meeting criteria for mood disorders, such as major depression or seasonal affective disorder, experience cognitive deficits in memory and attention that can lead to problems with everyday activities reported in the CFQ. The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to assess potential correlations with a wider range of negative emotions. Findings for a sample of 129 college students revealed that negative affective experiences were significantly correlated with failures of memory and attention on the CFQ (fear= .41,hostility= .38,sadness= .28, andguilt= .43). Conversely, positive affect was negatively correlated with distractibility (r=−.21). Additional affective scales on the PANAS (e.g.,shyness and fatigue) were also associated with higher reports of cognitive failures. The results provide converging evidence of a relationship between negative affective experiences and reported frequency of problems on the cognitive failures questionnaire.
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Zammitti, Andrea, Chiara Imbrogliera, Angela Russo, Rita Zarbo, and Paola Magnano. "The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic Restrictions in Italy. The Mediating Role of the Fear of COVID-19 in the Relationship between Positive and Negative Affect with Positive and Negative Outcomes." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030050.
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Italy was quickly hit hard by the coronavirus. ‘Lockdown’ has significantly impacted the psychological health, personal wellbeing and quality of life of the people. The study aims to explore the relationship between positive and negative affect, as well as positive (spiritual well-being and flourishing) and negative outcomes (psychological distress caused by a traumatic life event in terms of perception of PTSD symptoms) on Italian adults during the lockdown period. Data was collected between April and May 2020. The participants were 281 Italian adults aged between 18 and 73 years. The survey was composed of the following measures: Flourishing Scale, Jarel Spiritual Well-Being scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Impact of Event Scale—Revised, Fear of COVID-19. The mediational analysis shows that fear of COVID-19 fully mediates the relationship between negative affect and spiritual well-being and flourishing; fear of COVID-19 partially mediates the relationship between negative affect and PTSD symptoms; the positive affect shows only direct effects on positive outcomes. Therefore, fear of COVID-19 does not play any mediation role. Implications for psychological interventions and future research will be discussed.
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Laurent, Jeff, Salvatore J. Catanzaro, Thomas E. Joiner, Karen D. Rudolph, Kirsten I. Potter, Sharon Lambert, Lori Osborne, and Tamara Gathright. "A measure of positive and negative affect for children: Scale development and preliminary validation." Psychological Assessment 11, no. 3 (1999): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.326.
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Demyttenaere, Koen, Philippe Mortier, Glenn Kiekens, and Ronny Bruffaerts. "Is there enough “interest in and pleasure in” the concept of depression? The development of the Leuven Affect and Pleasure Scale (LAPS)." CNS Spectrums 24, no. 02 (November 9, 2017): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000578.
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ObjectivePresence of negative mood (depressed mood) and anhedonia (lack of interest and pleasure) are considered core symptoms of depression, while absence of positive mood is not taken into account. It is therefore remarkable that the depression scales routinely used to assess changes during antidepressant treatment (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS], Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]) do not really take into account anhedonia. Several scales were developed to assess positive mood and hedonic tone, but they only partially cover the multidimensional concept. Therefore we developed a new 16-item questionnaire, the Leuven Affect and Pleasure Scale (LAPS), to assess negative affect, positive affect, and hedonic tone.MethodsThis first article on the LAPS questionnaire reports on the correlations between the different items, on the factor analysis, and on the differences found in 3 groups of subjects : healthy college students (N=138), depressed but still functioning college students (N=27), and severely depressed inpatients (N=38). These differences were calculated using univariate general linear models with Bonferroni post-hoc testing, and effect sizes were expressed in η2.ResultsNegative and positive affect were only moderately correlated, and the 4 independent variables (cognitive functioning, overall functioning, meaningful life, and happiness) had stronger correlations with positive affect than with negative affect. The major difference in negative affect was between healthy college students and depressed college students, positive affect was different between the 3 groups, and the major difference for hedonic tone was between depressed college students and depressed inpatients. Affiliative positive affect and the affiliative hedonic function were well preserved, even in depressed inpatients.ConclusionsThis preliminary report suggests that the LAPS offers a comprehensive assessment of negative and positive affect, of hedonic tone, and of independent variables (cognitive functioning, overall functioning, meaningful life, and happiness). Clinically relevant differences in subscores were found in 3 groups of subjects with variable levels of depression (healthy subjects, mildly depressed subjects, and severely depressed inpatients).
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Baptista, Trino, Rosani Trinidad Colmenares, Olga Janneth Vargas, Javier Piñero, and Luis Rengel. "Time-course of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) during an episode of psychosis: a pilot study." Investigación Clínica 61, no. 4 (December 2020): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22209/ic.v61n4a02.
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A central issue in affective science is the assessment of specific feelings in severe mental disorders. The PANAS (Positive [PA] and Negative [NA] Affect Scale) is widely used, and we have described its psychometric properties in Venezuela. Here, the course of the PANAS is described during a psychotic epi¬sode requiring hospitalization. Eighteen consecutively admitted patients (56% females) were assisted to answer the PANAS, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and locally designed depression (GE-DEPRE) and anxiety (ANSILET) scales, at admission and at discharge. The PA subscale showed a non-significant increase (p = 0.07), whereas the NA subscale displayed a significant decrease (p = 0.01). In males, at discharge, the NA scale positively correlated with the ANSILET (p = 0.09), whereas the PA inversely correlated with the GE-DEPRE scale (p= 0.007). The PANAS may complement the standard psychological eval¬uations by monitoring specific affect dimensions, relatively independent from the core psychopathology.
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Jang, Seung-Ho, Won-Myong Bahk, Young-Joon Kwon, Bo-Hyun Yoon, Kwanghun Lee, Moon-Doo Kim, Beomwoo Nam, and Sang-Yeol Lee. "M46. THE STUDY OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSE TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AUDIOVISUAL STIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.358.
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Abstract Background This study was to investigate the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and emotional response to positive and negative audiovisual stimulation in patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy control group. Methods Among 253 chronic schizophrenic patients, 104 patients were informed about this research and consented. 35 healthy control consisted of peoples that did not have past and present history of mental and physical illness. Positive and negative affect and HRV were compared between chronic schizophrenia and healthy control groups, and positive and negative affect and HRV to positive and negative audiovisual stimulation were measured. Positive and negative audiovisual stimulation was defined by an art therapy professionalist and a psychiatrist as 10 positive and negative pictures. 3 positive and negative musics were shown to two groups for 4 minutes simulta¬neously. Positive and negative audiovisual stimulation were shown to two groups during 1-week intermission. HRV was measured with Ubpulse H3, an equipment for autonomic nervous system test made by Laxtha company and also analyzed by frequency domain analysis. Emotional Empathy Scale(EES) and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) of two groups were measured at baseline and after positive and negative audiovisual stimulation. Global Assessment of Functioning Scale(GAF) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) of chronic schizophrenia group were measured by a psychiatrist. Results Positive affect of patients group were significantly lower than control group, negative affect of patients group were significantly higher than control group. Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), and Total Power (TP) of HRV in patients group were significantly lowered than control group at baseline. 7 subscales of emotional empathy scale were lowered in patients group compared to control group. Positive affect of patients group was significantly less increased compared to the control group after positive audiovisual stimulation, negative affect of patients group was significantly less decreased to the control group after positive audiovisual stimulation. Positive affect of patients group was increased after negative audiovisual stimulation, but positive affect of control group was significantly decreased compared to the patients group after negative audiovisual stimulation. There was no significant difference in negative affect between two groups after audiovisual stimulation. LF of patients group was significantly higher than control group after positive audiovisual stimulation, HF and TP of patients group were significantly lowered than control group after positive audiovisual stimulation. LF of patients group was significantly higher than control group after negative audiovisual stimulation, HF and PT of patients were significantly lowered than control group after negative audiovisual stimulation. Discussion Audiovisual stimulation in integrative arts therapy program for schizophrenia might have avoid overactive sympathetic stimulation and recommend activate parasympathetic stimulation. Integrative art therapy for schizophrenia must be sufficiently relaxed, empathetic, and promote positive affect during therapeutic process.
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Shi, Zhanbiao, Li Wang, and Huanhuan Li. "Age-Related Change in Emotional Experience in a Sample of Chinese Adults: A Preliminary Study." Psychological Reports 105, no. 1 (August 2009): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.1.37-42.
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Age-related change in emotional experience was explored in a Chinese community sample. 968 healthy adults (483 women, 485 men) ranging in age from 18 to 66 years ( M = 37.5, SD = 12.3) took part. The frequency of experiencing negative and positive emotion was self-reported on the general dimension scales of Positive and Negative Affect Scale–Expanded Form (PANAS–X). Regression analyses indicated that the frequency of negative affect decreased with age, and the frequency of positive affect was not significantly associated with age. These findings are similar to those found in Western samples, as discussed in relation to socioemotional selectivity theory.
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Fagley, N. S. "Appreciation (Including Gratitude) and Affective Well-Being: Appreciation Predicts Positive and Negative Affect Above the Big Five Personality Factors and Demographics." SAGE Open 8, no. 4 (October 2018): 215824401881862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018818621.
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This study investigated the relation between appreciation and positive and negative affect, controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, and Big Five personality factors. Appreciation consists of several aspects, including a focus on what one has (“have” focus), awe, gratitude, and interpersonal appreciation. Undergraduates ( N = 236) completed an online survey containing the Appreciation Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Big Five Inventory (BFI). The Big Five traits accounted for 38% and 43% of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics. Appreciation accounted for 9% ( p < .001) and 4.6% ( p < .05) of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics and the Big Five. The “have” focus aspect of appreciation, which represents noticing, focusing on, and valuing what one has, accounted for significant unique variance in both positive and negative affect. Gratitude did not. Future research is needed to determine how broadly these results generalize.
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Cho, Yeon-Sun, and Jae-Won Yang. "Effects of Social Anxiety and Avoidance Behavior on Positive and Negative affect in University Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Compassion." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 23 (December 15, 2022): 905–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.23.905.
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Objectives The current study examined the moderating effect of self-compassion on the relationship between social anxiety, avoidance behavior, and positive and negative affect. Methods A total of 445 undergraduate and graduate students completed the self-report questionnaires including Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Korean-Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (K-PANAS), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS), Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination (SAFE), Korean version of the Self-Compassion Scale (K-SCS). The date was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro. Results The current study yielded three noteworthy results. First, there were significant correlations among social anxiety, social avoidance, subtle avoidance, self-compassion, negative affect, and positive affect. Second, Social avoidance was completed mediated the relationship between social anxiety and positive affect. Subtle avoidance was partially mediated their relationships. Third, the mediating effects of social avoidance and subtle avoidance in relationship between social anxiety and positive affect were moderate by self-compassion. Conclusions The results suggest that self-compassion may act as a protective factor for positive emotional experiences of people with high social anxiety.
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Lin, Chih-Che. "Validation of the Psychological Well-being Scale for Use in Taiwan." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 5 (June 13, 2015): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.5.867.
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My aim was to validate the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) for use in a Taiwanese context, using a sample of 389 undergraduate and graduate students. Participants completed the PWBS as well as measures of general satisfaction with life, positive affect and negative affect, global self-esteem, and depression. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the single-factor model of the PWBS had adequate fit indices, revealing that the 8 items of the scale were homogeneous for measuring psychological well-being. In addition, the PWBS had a positive relationship with life satisfaction, positive affect, and self-esteem, and a negative relationship with negative affect and depression, which supported its construct validity. Furthermore, the satisfactory internal consistency and stability scores supported its good reliability. All of the findings support my conclusion that the PWBS is an adequate short-form measure of psychological well-being for use in a Taiwanese context.
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Sucahyo, Wisnu Bayu. "Transformational Leadership (TFL) dan Subjective Well-Being (SWB) pada Karyawan Produksi PT. X Salatiga." Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi) 3, no. 3 (December 22, 2019): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/humanitas.v3i3.2272.
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Abstract
A leader's behavior is suspected to influence employee's subjective well-being (SWB) in achieving organizational goals through idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized, consideration that provides an evaluation of the life and positive-negative affect on the employee. Transformational leadership (TFL) is leadership that supports followers thinking creatively by using new approaches or strategies, engaging employees in the decision making process, inspiring employee loyalty, and trying to understand individual employee differences to develop optimal potential. SWB is a global evaluation of themselves and positive and negative affect. The aim of research to determine the correlation of TFL and SWB on 66 production employees at PT. X Salatiga. The data collection is used by the multifactor leadership questionnaire scale (MLQ), satisfaction whit life scale (SWLS) and positive-negative affect scale (PANAS) to measure SWB. The result showed a positive correlation between TFL on SWB with r = 0.51 (p = 0.00).
Keywords: Transformational leadership, subjective well-being, satisfaction, positive-negative affect
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Telef, Bülent Baki. "Hope and life satisfaction in elementary school students: Mediation role of affective experiences." Journal of Positive School Psychology 4, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47602/jpsp.v4i2.232.
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Life satisfaction is an important indicator of quality life of students. The aim of this study is to examine the mediation effect of positive and negative affect on the link between hope and life satisfaction in elementary school students. The sample consisted of 436 (204 female and 232 male) Turkish early adolescents recruited from among elementary school students in Turkey. Students were between 12 and 15 years (M = 13, SD = .84). Data were collected using the Children’s Hope Scale, Positive and Negative Experience Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. The results indicated that hope positively predicted positive affect and satisfaction with life and negatively predicted negative affect. The structural equation model results showed that positive and negative affect partially mediated the relationship between hope and satisfaction with life. The study results showed that hope and positive emotions are an important factor for the life satisfaction of Turkish elementary school students. The practical implications and limitations of the present study are discussed.
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Caminada, Hans, and Frans De Bruijn. "Diurnal variation, morningness‐eveningness, and momentary affect." European Journal of Personality 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410060105.
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The research questions of this study are the following: To what degree can results such as those of Thayer and colleagues (1978a, 1985, 1986, 1988) concerning diurnal variation and differences between diurnal types, obtained for energetic and tense arousal, be (1) replicated, (2) extended to elation and pleasantness, and (3) generalized to positive and negative affect? With regard to energetic arousal, all results were in line with those of Thayer and colleagues. However, regarding tense arousal, there was an unexpected main effect for time of day. For energetic arousal, elation, pleasantness, positive affect, and negative affect, there was (a) a significant main eflect for time of day, (b) a quadratic trend for diurnal variation, and (c) a significant Diurnal Type × Time of Day interaction, There were no significant sex differences in diurnal variation. Two final hypothetical statements are made about the diurnal variation and differences between diurnal types with regard to state scales: (a) the diurnal variation of a state scale cannot be described with a quadratic function if that scale is completely unrelated to energetic arousal; and (b) the characteristic differences between morning types and evening types, especially when measured in the morning and in the evening, will not manifest themselves on a state scale if that scale is entirely unrelated to energetic arousal. Finally, the possible usefulness of the results of this study for practical applications and the development of theories are discussed.
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Ranzijn, Rob, and Mary Luszcz. "Measurement of Subjective Quality of Life of Elders." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 50, no. 4 (June 2000): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4b0w-amgu-2ndx-cyuq.
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There are two aims in this article, to define subjective quality of life and to suggest a way to standardize its measurement to enable comparisons to be made across studies. One of the unresolved issues in gerontological research has concerned the definition and measurement of quality of life (Lawton, 1991). This article focuses on subjective well-being, one of the four components proposed by Lawton (1991). There seems to be a growing consensus that most scales of well-being have at least two concepts in common, positive and negative affect. To test this hypothesis, two well-being scales, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (Lawton, 1975) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977), were subjec ted to confirmatory factor analyses, using data on 1717 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing aged between 70 and 103 years. Each scale was shown to contain factors of positive and negative affect. The article concludes with a suggestion that the measurement of quality of life in elders should include, at a minimum, scales of positive and negative affect as well as other measures relevant to the aspect of quality of life under consideration.
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Lubin, Bernard, and Rod Van Whitlock. "The Alternate Forms of the Positive and Negative Mood Scales: Reliability, Validity, and Equivalence in Nonreferred Samples." Assessment 3, no. 4 (December 1996): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107319119600300402.
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The psychometric characteristics of the positive and negative mood scales of the trait version of the State Trait-Depression Adjective Check Lists (ST-DACL) were studied in three nonreferred age groups (i.e., adolescents, college students, and the elderly). Reliability (i.e., internal consistency, test-retest, and alternate form) for both the positive and negative mood scales was high. Validity of both mood scales, as determined by the appropriate level and direction of correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CED-D), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS), was moderate. Correlations with the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) indicated substantial common variance (i.e., from 41% to 74% for the positive mood scales, from 59% to 69% for the negative mood scales). Equivalence of the various positive and negative mood scales was established by the finding of nonsignificant differences among the means as well as high alternate form correlations.
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Zhou, Xueting, Siyao Wu, Hong Zhu, and Taisheng Cai. "Reliability and Validity of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale Among Chinese College Students." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 5 (June 4, 2016): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.5.727.
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Our objective was to revise the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS) and then to test the reliability and validity of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale-Chinese Revised (PANPS-CR). University students (N = 378) completed the PANPS, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Two student samples (N = 519 and 458) completed the PANPS-CR. Results of Pearson's correlation coefficients, independent samples t tests, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the PANPS-CR is a reliable and valid instrument to assess positive and negative aspects of perfectionism among Chinese college students.
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Espejo, Begoña, Irene Checa, Jaime Perales-Puchalt, and Juan Francisco Lisón. "Validation and Measurement Invariance of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) in a Spanish General Sample." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228359.
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Well-being has been measured based on different perspectives in positive psychology. However, it is necessary to measure affects and emotions correctly and to explore the independence of positive and negative affect. This cross-sectional study adapts and validates the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) with a non-probabilistic sample of 821 Spanish adults. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two related factors with two correlated errors. The average variance extracted was 0.502 for negative affect (SPANE-N) and 0.588 for positive affect (SPANE-P). The composite reliability was 0.791 for SPANE-N and 0.858 for SPANE-P. Measurement invariance analysis showed evidence of scalar invariance. Item-total corrected polyserial correlations showed values between 0.47 and 0.76. The path analysis used to test temporal stability, and the structural equation models used to test convergent and concurrent validity with other well-being measures, showed good fit. All path coefficients were statistically significant and over 0.480. For the validity models, the magnitude of the correlations was large and in the expected direction. The Spanish version of the SPANE show good psychometric properties. Future studies of emotional well-being in Spain can benefit from the use of this scale, and new studies must test cross-cultural invariance.
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Mucci, A., and S. Galderisi. "The second-generation assessment scales: Brief negative symptom scale and clinical assessment interview for negative symptoms." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.980.
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The construct of negative symptoms has undergone significant changes since the introduction of first generation assessment scales, such as the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms or the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Blunted affect, Alogia, Asociality, Anhedonia and Avolition are largely recognized as valid domains of the negative symptoms construct.Among the new assessment instruments, both the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) and the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) are considered adequate in their coverage of the negative symptoms domains. They include the assessment of both behavior and internal experience for Anhedonia, Asociality and Avolition to avoid overlap with functional outcome measures, as well as consummatory and anticipatory components of anhedonia with an emphasis on the internal experience of pleasure.Strengths and limitations of these new assessment instruments will be reviewed in the light of some existing challenges, such as the distinction between primary and secondary negative symptoms and development of innovative treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Arancibia Martini, Héctor. "Validation of the positive and negative affect scale in the Chilean population and its application on migrant people." Medwave 19, no. 01 (January 25, 2019): e7579-e7579. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2019.01.7579.
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Duan, Wenjie, Jinxia Li, and Wenlong Mu. "Psychometric Characteristics of Strengths Knowledge Scale and Strengths Use Scale Among Adolescents." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 36, no. 7 (May 5, 2017): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282917705593.
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This study examined the psychometric properties of Strengths Knowledge Scale (SKS) and Strengths Use Scale (SUS) in a sample of 442 adolescents by the exploratory structural equation modeling. Correlations between strength use/strength knowledge and flourish, positive affect, negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, and GPA were examined to illustrate criterion-related validities. Results showed good internal consistency reliability, expected structure factor, and convergent validity of the SKS and the SUS in the current sample.
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Lee, Dong Y., Mi J. Park, and Sung H. Park. "Does Sex of Client Affect Counselors' Evaluation?" Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1205-1211.
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This study examined whether clients' positive or negative self-disclosure and sex affected counselors' evaluation of the clients. 80 counselors (30 certified, 45 master's and five doctoral trainees; six men and 74 women), after viewing a videotaped counseling interview in which the client self-disclosed either largely positive or negative contents responded to the Clinical Impression Scale which contained 8 clinical characteristics of clients (assertiveness, overall coping skills, anxiety, attitude toward counseling, motivation to change, self-esteem, insight, and depression). When the client self-disclosed largely negative content about self, counselors evaluated male client more negatively, i.e., less assertive, poor coping skills, higher anxiety, more negative attitude toward counseling, less eager to change, lower self-esteem, less insight, and higher depression) than female client. However, when the client self-disclosed largely positive content, there was no statistically significant sex difference between the two groups. The implications are discussed.
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Castro, Juliana, Maria João Soares, Ana T. Pereira, and António Macedo. "Perfectionism and negative/positive affect associations: the role of cognitive emotion regulation and perceived distress/coping." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 39, no. 2 (June 2017): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0042.
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Abstract Objective To explore 1) if perfectionism, perceived distress/coping, and cognitive emotion regulation (CER) are associated with and predictive of negative/positive affect (NA/PA); and 2) if CER and perceived distress/coping are associated with perfectionism and if they mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations. There is a distinction between maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism in its association with NA/PA. CER and perceived distress/coping may mediate the maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and NA/PA associations. Methods 344 students (68.4% girls) completed the Hewitt & Flett and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales, the Composite Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Profile of Mood States, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results NA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive CER and perceived distress (positively), positive reappraisal and planning, and perceived coping (negatively). PA predictors were maladaptive/adaptive perfectionism and perceived distress (negatively), positive reappraisal and planning, positive refocusing and perceived coping (positively). The association between maladaptive perfectionism and NA was mediated by maladaptive CER/low adaptive CER, perceived distress/low coping. Maladaptive perfectionism and low PA association was mediated by perceived distress. High PA was determined by low maladaptive perfectionism and this association was mediated by adaptive REC and coping. Adaptive perfectionism and NA association was mediated by maladaptive CER and perceived distress. Conclusion CER and perceived distress/coping are associated and mediate the perfectionism-NA/PA associations.
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Habelrih, Emily, Richard Hicks, and Daisy Vanstone. "A Study of the Wellbeing of Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sibling Efficacy, Positive and Negative Affect, and Coping Strategies." International Journal of Psychological Studies 10, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v10n2p102.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include pervasive developmental disorders characterised by communication deficits, difficulty with social understanding, and repetitive behaviors. Few studies have compared the efficacy, affect, and coping strategies of siblings of typically developing children with siblings of children with ASD. Typically developing siblings are understood to be at an increased risk of externalising and internalising problems. The current study examined whether siblings of children with ASD differed in levels of efficacy, affect, and coping from siblings of typically developing children. Participants (156) included an Australia-wide sample involving 82 siblings of children with ASD, and 74 siblings of typically developing individuals. Participants completed The Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (assessing social, emotional, and academic efficacy), the Positive and Negative Affect Scales, the Brief COPE Scale, and other scales as part of the larger study. Results showed that ASD siblings reported lower scores on emotional efficacy, social efficacy, and positive affect, and higher negative affect, than did the comparison group siblings. However, no significant differences were found in coping strategies or academic efficacy between the ASD siblings and the typically developing siblings. Consistent with earlier research findings, there are perceived negative effects or risks from being a sibling of an individual with ASD, suggesting support interventions may assist the development of emotional and social efficacy and increased positive affect for these individuals.
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McLennan, Jim, Janice I. Buchanan, and Glen W. Bates. "Neuroticism and Negative Affect Measures as Predictors of Psychological Distress." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (August 1994): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.305.
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In a year-long study, 106 students (78 women and 28 men, mean age 29 yr.) completed both a self-report Neuroticism and Extroversion inventory and a self-report positive and negative affect checklist at the beginning of an academic year. At the end of the academic year, prior to final examinations, they completed a self-rating scale for depression. The Neuroticism score was the only significant independent predictor of students' end-of-year levels of psychological distress.
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Cooley, Eric, Tamina Toray, and Lauren Roscoe. "Reactions to Loss Scale: Assessing Grief in College Students." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 61, no. 1 (August 2010): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.61.1.b.
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The most common tools for assessing grief and loss focus on death-related loss. The Reactions to Loss Scale (RTL) broadens the scope of bereavement measures to include reactions to non-death losses. The population targeted by this measure, emerging adults (college students), commonly experiences a myriad of both death-related and non-death losses. The validity of the Reactions to Loss Scale (RTL) is investigated in 4 studies. Factor analysis of the 65-item RTL ( N = 564) identified 3 subscales, each demonstrating good reliability. In the first 3 studies, the RTL was found to be related to depression, anxiety, negative affect, and positive measures of satisfaction with life, happiness, and positive affect. In Study 4, prospective data was utilized to evaluate predictive validity. These data found that the RTL was predictive of longitudinal changes in negative affect, perceived social support, satisfaction with life, and positive feelings about the specific loss.
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Dudley, R. Thomas. "Effect of Restriction of Working Memory on Reported Paranormal Belief." Psychological Reports 84, no. 1 (February 1999): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.313.
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56 college students completed Tobacyk's 1988 Revised Paranormal Belief Scale and Watson, Clark, and Tellegen's 1988 Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Experimental group participants, but not control group participants, rehearsed a five-digit number while completing the Paranormal Belief Scale. Analysis showed higher reported paranormal belief for experimental group participants but no differences on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of restriction in working memory on the critical evaluation of paranormal phenomena.
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Yankouskaya, Ala, Ruth Williamson, Cameron Stacey, John James Totman, and Heather Massey. "Short-Term Head-Out Whole-Body Cold-Water Immersion Facilitates Positive Affect and Increases Interaction between Large-Scale Brain Networks." Biology 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2023): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020211.
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An emerging body of evidence indicates that short-term immersion in cold water facilitates positive affect and reduces negative affect. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. For the first time, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify topological clusters of networks coupled with behavioural changes in positive and negative affect after a 5 min cold-water immersion. Perceived changes in positive affect were associated with feeling more active, alert, attentive, proud, and inspired, whilst changes in negative affect reflected reductions in distress and nervousness. The increase in positive affect was supported by a unique component of interacting networks, including the medial prefrontal node of the default mode network, a posterior parietal node of the frontoparietal network, and anterior cingulate and rostral prefrontal parts of the salience network and visual lateral network. This component emerged as a result of a focal effect confined to few connections. Changes in negative affect were associated with a distributed component of interacting networks at a reduced threshold. Affective changes after cold-water immersion occurred independently, supporting the bivalence model of affective processing. Interactions between large-scale networks linked to positive affect indicated the integrative effects of cold-water immersion on brain functioning.