Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Positions taking'
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1
Hult, Kajsa. "Taking positions – students' interactions in an educational restaurant context." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Enheten för restauranghögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150067.
Abstract:
Running a restaurant as a course in university implies several complicated conditions, some of these conditions include teamwork and students agreeing with each other, and this tends to become problematic when students take positions in the educational restaurant. This thesis aims to clarify such positions by using Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field and cultural capital. It further aims to illustrate how the interplay between past and present causes practices in the context of an educational restaurant. The methodology used to investigate interactions during restaurant services was participant observation – and to elucidate the students’ backgrounds, qualitative interviews were conducted. The collected material was analyzed by using thematic analysis and the results suggest that these positions induce control, fragmentation and subordination. These characteristics in turn tend to occur because of habitus, which differs from student to student because of their differing social backgrounds.
2
Anderson, William David. "The President’s agenda: position-taking, legislative support, and the persistence of time." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1123169358.
3
Nyström, Eva. "Talking and taking positions : An encounter between action rsearch and the gendered and racialised discourses of school science." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Matematik, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1135.
Abstract:
This thesis concerns processes of power relations in and about the science classroom. It draws on action research involving science and mathematics teachers in the Swedish upper secondary school (for students between 16 and 19 years). For the analysis, feminist post-structuralism, gender, and discourse theories (e.g. Butler and Foucault) are combined with critical action research methodology (e.g. Carr and Kemmis) and discourse analysis (e.g. Wetherell and Hall). The aim of the study is to make visible processes of inequality and to investigate how these are constructed in ‘talk’ or discourse about teaching and learning. The study grew out of teachers’ actions/small-scale projects in their own classrooms and so the study also investigates if and how action research can contribute to making visible, challenging and changing unequal practices and discourses of dominance. The first part of the thesis deals with this process and the analysis suggests that post-structural critiques of language and discourse are helpful in enabling actions to challenge inequities in the science classroom that currently exist. Five different articles constitute the second part of the thesis, two of which explore and survey research literature and argue for a need for more studies which investigate critically how science is shaped by specific social, cultural and historical contexts. Additionally, it is argued that it is important to focus not only on measuring differences among students but also on investigating how difference is constructed and how inequities can be challenged. The experiences and bodily feelings of what ‘race’ can do to gender (and vice versa) in a specific situation are recounted and examined in the third article which also invites different positions and complexity into the research field. The next two articles investigate how power and knowledge are produced, resisted and challenged in teacher and student talk within the action research project. The analysis draws on different discourses in contemporary Swedish society; for example a science discourse which produces school science (and its teachers and students) as high status, a gender equality discourse, a gender difference discourse, and an immigrant discourse which produces ‘immigrant students’ as problematic. Analysis of teacher talk reveals, for example, that long-established hierarchies and taken-for-granted values of school subjects in relation to gender reproduce advantage for some teachers but not for others, that teachers participate in the gendering of science subjects, and that changes in the teaching of science are resisted. Also students are located inside and outside the discourses they draw on, which qualifies or disqualifies them as ‘proper’ science students. Different borders are highlighted to show how students attach meaning to gender, social class, and ethnicity in different situations. Sometimes borders are produced inside bodies (the notion of the gendered brain, for example) and sometimes between cultures or according to family background. Resistance to dominant discourses is also visible in students’ talk and the ways in which teachers and students reproduce borders and exclusion in the science classroom through their practices. The analysis points out the need to initiate new research which can deconstruct among others, discourses of femininity and masculinity, the ‘immigrant student’ and school science.
4
Nyström, Eva. "Talking and taking positions : an encounter between action research and the gendered and racialised discourses of school science /." Umeå : Dept. of Mathematics, Technology and Society, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1135.
5
Senturk, Suleyman. "Moving Away from The West or Taking Independent Positions: A Structural Analysis for The New Turkish Foreign Policy." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7934.
Abstract:
This paper focuses on understanding and explaining the change of Turkish foreign policy,particularly in the last decade. Many observers have expressed a suspicion that Turkey is abandoning its Western-centric alignment and gradually shifting its axis. The thesis argues that rather than a shift, Turkey is taking an independent position. It maintains that the end of the Cold War and the change in the international structure from bipolarity to unipolarity has provided incentives for countries with some degree of material capabilities to pursue independence from the U.S. policy preferences. This study analyses structural effects on the behavior of Turkey.
Later it associates the observed change in Turkey’s foreign policy as the outcomes of taking an independent position to maximize its objectives. Finally, it presents empirical research to prove the argument.
6
Malunga, Samantha. "Men who Care: men’s motivations in taking up positions in community mobilisation organizations in Gugulethu to improve the public healthcare system." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30170.
Abstract:
Many men in South Africa (SA) want to participate in improving their community. Having lived in the community, they are more attuned to the immediate needs of the community - and male members of the community’s needs in particular - compared to NGOs or external support systems that may try do social development work in SA. There is a great opportunity to include more men in community mobilisation (CM) work and health systems strengthening programs in SA and beyond. Historically, volunteer work, including CM has been seen as a job for women. There are fewer male volunteers in CM than there are female volunteers; hence, more research has been conducted around female volunteers’ experiences and motivations. In order to support the greater inclusion of men in volunteer work, this mini-dissertation explores men’s motivations to participate in CM work. This mini-dissertation is divided in the following three parts. A research protocol (Part A) which focuses on understanding the motivations of male community mobilisers who are involved in activist community work in the Gugulethu Township. A literature review (Part B) which examines existing literature on volunteer work and how gender affects experiences of, and motivations to volunteer. Lastly, a manuscript for Social Dynamics (Part C) that focuses on the gendered experiences and motivations of men who participate in CM work in the Movement for Change and Social Justice (MCSJ), a community organisation in Gugulethu, Cape Town. The knowledge gained from this mini-dissertation can feed into the larger debate present in SA surrounding the need for more male-centred interventions in the public healthcare system and aims to show how the visibility and representation of male volunteers in the health system can have a positive impact on men’s health seeking behaviours in communities through increasing their linkage to and retention in care.
7
Mladenovic, Ivica. "Les intellectuels français et la destruction yougoslave : structuration d’un espace public (1991-1999)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080028.
Abstract:
Le sujet de recherche cible le champ intellectuel français de la dernière décennie du XXe siècle, qui est appréhendé à la lumière des engagements intellectuels et des représentations du processus de destruction de la deuxième Yougoslavie et des guerres pour son héritage. Les évènements survenus en Yougoslavie au cours des années 1990 sont perçus comme une « affaire » au sens donné par les sociologues français Luc Boltanski et Élisabeth Claverie, et utilisés. L’objectif principal de ce travail de recherche consistait donc à répondre à plusieurs questions déterminantes en s’appuyant sur une approche prosopographique des intellectuels, ainsi qu’à analyser leurs actions et leurs représentations. Plus précisément il s’agissait de savoir : a) Quelles sont les modalités et formes d’interventions dans l’espace polémique construit autour de l’« affaire yougoslave » (1991-1999) ; b) Comment se structure cet espace donné à travers les concurrences et les antagonismes entre les individus et les groupes ; c) Quelle est la logique de la réception de la destruction de la Yougoslavie en France. En d’autres termes : est-elle principalement liée aux événements qui se sont produits en ex-Yougoslavie ou aux enjeux politiques internes à la France ? Est-ce que ces différentes représentations ont évolué, et de quelles façons ? ; d) Comment les prises de position s’inscrivent-elles dans le rapport de forces dominant en France ? Pour répondre à ces questions, j’ai employé les outils de la sociologie politique, de la sociologie historique, de la sociologie de la connaissance et de la sociologie des intellectuels. Les fondements théoriques les plus importants ont été puisés principalement dans la théorie des champs de Pierre Bourdieu, puis dans la théorie de l’hégémonie culturelle d’Antonio Gramsci et la théorie des fonctions sociales des idées et de la connaissance de Vojin Milic. Quant aux méthodes de recherche utilisées, j’ai eu recours à l’analyse de correspondances multiples, à l’analyse socio-historique, à des entretiens et à l’analyse critique de discoursThe research topic focuses on the French intellectual field of the last decade of the 20th century, which is understood in the light of intellectual actions and representations of the process of destruction of the second Yugoslavia and the wars for its legacy. The events that occurred in Yugoslavia in the 1990s are perceived as a "affair" in the sense given by the French sociologists Luc Boltanski and Élisabeth Claverie. The main objective of this research work was therefore to answer several decisive questions based on a prosopographical approach of intellectuals, as well as to analyse their actions and representations. More precisely, the question was: a) What are the modalities and forms of intervention in the polemical space built around the "Yugoslav affair" (1991-1999); b) How is this given space structured through competition and antagonisms between individuals and groups? c) What is the logic of receiving the destruction of Yugoslavia in France? In other words: is it mainly linked to events in the former Yugoslavia or to political issues within France? Have these different representations evolved, and in what ways? d) How do the positions taken fit into the dominant balance of power in France? Have they strengthened existing structures? To answer these questions, I used the tools of political sociology, historical sociology, sociology of knowledge and sociology of intellectuals. The most important theoretical foundations have been drawn mainly from Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, Antonio Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony and Vojin Milic's theory of social functions of ideas and knowledge. As for the research methods used, I used multiple correspondence analysis, socio-historical analysis, interviews and critical discourse analysis
8
Parkinson, Isabelle Lucy. "Whose Gertrude Stein? : contemporary poetry, modernist institutions and Stein's troublesome legacy." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24719.
Abstract:
This thesis is an examination of the ways in which, in what Bourdieu theorises as the 'space of literary or artistic position-takings', Gertrude Stein has been continually positioned and repositioned, constructed and reconstructed: by writers in her own period, in modernism scholarship, and, particularly, by writers staking their claim as the literary avant-garde of the late 20th and early 21st Centuries.1 Since her recuperation by the Language Poets in the 1970s, and in the literary histories proposed by Marjorie Perloff and others, Stein has been positioned as the originator of an alternative avant-garde genealogy which has resisted the 'institutionalised' modernism of the New Critics. This legacy continues to the present day in claims by writers like Kenneth Goldsmith that she is a precursor for Conceptual Writing. Because they are predicated on Stein's resistance to the institution of modernism, and hinge on her removal from its history, none of these arguments discuss in any detail Stein's relationship to the historical movement which is the immediate context for her work - to the institution of modernism itself or to the institutions with which it engages. My thesis challenges the removal of Stein from her milieu by showing how her textual production must be read alongside her activity on her contemporary scene and her representation of and by other modernists. In the thesis, I re-read Stein's work as a series of explicit interventions in the institutions which form the context of the cultural production of the early 20th Century. In doing so, I consider the motivations for the reconstructions and repositionings of Stein, tracing the historiography of her presentation as an exceptional figure dislocated from her context.
9
Schilling, Emily Ursula. "Reassessing legislative relationships: capturing interdependence in legislative position taking and votes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1899.
Abstract:
Since Woodrow Wilson's (1885) analysis of Congress, researchers assumed that members of Congress look to one another for information, cues, and advice on unfamiliar policy areas. The amount of time and effort that each legislator and their staffers would have to put in to make all of these voting decisions would be insurmountable. Fellow legislators are a resource to turn to for guidance or assistance. Legislators are able to influence their colleagues above and beyond each of their individual preferences. The members of Congress that are most influential will not necessarily be the same for every bill. The significant legislators may be one's co-partisans and the party leadership or they may be a group of legislators with whom they share a common interest. Spatial analysis allows researchers to look more explicitly at the relationships between legislators and their colleagues.
I use spatial probit and a spatial duration model to study these issues by examining the factors that influence voting decisions and the timing of position announcements. I look at a variety of different policy areas, including foreign policy, education, and agriculture, over an extensive time period (1933-2014) to test which relationships are most influential on their decisions. I study the interdependence between three different relationships, same party, state delegation, and ideological similarity, and hypothesize that these ties will lead legislators to behave more similarly. The use of the spatial analysis provides an opportunity to test these relationships and see if even after controlling for other influences there is dependence between legislators. In my research, I find that legislators are interdependent regardless of their individual characteristics. When I analyze voting behavior, legislators' behave similarly from one another across all three relationships above and beyond what we would expect given their personal preferences. These positive findings do not hold when I study the timing of position announcements where legislators behave dissimilarly from one another when interdependence exists. The study, overall, suggests that legislative ties are especially important in explaining voting behavior and that it is critical to account for these relationships.
10
Anderson, William David. "The President's agenda position-taking, legislative support, and the persistence of time /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123169358.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 255 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-255). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
11
Travis, Melissa E. "Assume the Position: Exploring Discipline Relationships." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/71.
Abstract:
Discipline relationships are consensual adult relationships between submissive and dominant partners who employ authority and corporal punishment. This population uses social media to discuss the private nature of their ritualized fantasies, desires, and practices. Participants of these relationships resist a sadomasochistic label of BDSM or domestic abuse. I conducted in-depth interviews and narrative analysis of social media to explore experiences and identities of people in discipline relationships. The sample includes social media bloggers and past and present participants in discipline relationships. I compared explanations participants give for wanting and participating in discipline relationships. I combine identity theory, constructionism, post-structuralism, and critical feminism as an analytic frame to understand this practice sociologically. I found gender differences in the media format and communication style of participants, but the ritualized expressions for discipline relationships remain consistent regardless of gender. The social process of community identification for participants includes coming out, educating others and “inviting in.” The online community provides a forum for relationship negotiation techniques, and encouraging the embrace of non-normative sexual identity. Participants use social media to form a nascent social movement that resists normative views of sexuality and relationships in the dominant culture.
12
Pedrazzani, A. "Position-taking, Information, or Institutions? Why Italian government bills change in the legislative arena (1987-2006)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/159459.
Abstract:
With very few exceptions scholars interested in legislative processes pay relatively little attention to the changes made to bills in the parliamentary democracies. On one hand, comparative research often describes legislative institutions in parliamentary countries as ineffectual vis-à-vis cabinets throughout the lawmaking process (Mezey 1979; Blondel 1995); on the other hand, rational choice literature focuses more on the formal rules regulating amendatory activity than on amendatory activity in itself (Rasch 1995, 2000). Therefore, few studies try to explain how much government bills are altered in the legislative arena and why.
In this thesis, I focus on changes of governmental legislation in Italy. I consider as dependent variable the modifications occurring during the legislative process, and discuss a number of explanatory hypotheses both drawn on the existing scholarship or deduced from original conjectures. In answering the question about the government bills’ change I also aim at assessing some features of the unobservable decision making process inside the cabinet.
What can be discovered by studying Italian legislative process is not only relevant for Italy. It has an added value for the comparative research too. During the last 25 years Italy has been characterized by two distinct electoral systems, two extremely different party systems (pivotal and alternational), governments with different party size and ideological range, both technical ministers and party ministers. Therefore some of the findings in this work may concern also other parliamentary democracies.
13
Cevallos, Salgado Ricardo Xavier. "Rationalizing sociology as an educational strategy : Plurality of convictions and position-takings of sociology students in Swedish higher education." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446507.
Abstract:
The present study examines the choice for sociology as a subfield in Swedish higher education. In the Bourdieusian tradition, the theory of social practices – with its relational concepts of field, habitus and capital – was the sociological lens for constructing the object and instruments for tackling it. The emphasis was given to the subjective dimension: how students rationalize and strategize the decision for studying sociology, as a course or a program, in an educational choice that entails a mobilization of resources acquired in the past for anticipating the future. For this, qualitative interviewing enabled the production of narratives of 21 students at different Swedish universities, exploring assumptions and presuppositions deployed in their choice. Results suggest a complex construction of the choice for sociology as a meaningful and suitable decision, producing varied degrees of conviction in the subfield and position-takings in relation to its practice and representations. Different positions can be outlined depending on how sociology is understood: as a capital for a subsequent entry to different fields, a distinction emerges in the mode of appropriation between ‘specialization’ of those investing in programs and ‘generalization’ of those taking freestanding courses combined with other investments; a difference indicating a different degree of belief in the discipline and its inculcation translated into the time devoted for it. When sociology becomes a field, a distinction refers to the practice of sociology between an ‘academically oriented sociology’ concerned with research and teaching, and a ‘socially oriented sociology’ concerned with an engagement and contribution to people outside the academic space. Since sociology is a scientific field with relatively weak autonomy to external forces, a plurality of hierarchies characterizes a stake for defining its ultimate and legitimate value, offering multiple satisfactions according to varied strategies and aspirations. However, this should not conceal the academic roots of a discipline precisely institutionalized at universities and that may influence a hierarchical relation between the social and the academic in the sociological field.
14
Crichton, Merrilyn Yvonne. "The praxis of voluntary service : an investigation of the logic of service in Rotary and Zonta." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17020/.
Abstract:
Voluntary service is experiencing transition. This transition is marked by social,
symbolic and policy changes that have transformed the relationship between paid
and unpaid work, and is reordering the connection between voluntary practice and
professional expertise. Giddens (1998) identified this as the third way. Rose (2000) sees this transformation as a strategy embodying a tacit regime around the economic transactions that implicate the agent in self-governance based on normative moral possibilities, thus ordering the moral subject. Research has not yet established the fundamental elements of this transforming logic, or the mechanisms by which oppositions such as paid and unpaid are being resolved by voluntary organisations. The thesis argues that third way commentators’ view of the bureaucratic transformation of voluntary service that examines “historical and
social conditions, professional strategies, and disciplinary stakes and
constraints…” (Shusterman, 1999: 10) does not account for the nature of service, or the practice and logic of that service. Therefore this study interrogates the notion and logic of service for the nature of the discourse and experience of service at the time of the move toward the third way, the point that voluntary values and practices meeting economic action. This logic is examined and
extrapolated by empirical examination of the case service in Rotary and Zonta, organisations whose members are professional and act in voluntary positions. Bourdieu’s (for example 1984[1979], 1998, 2002[1977]) work on the logic of practice (featuring field, habitus and practice) frames the theoretical exploration of the embeddedness and logic of a particular social object in the context of practice. Exploring the field, habitus and practice for aspects of service suggests a
multidimensional approach that investigates the discourse, experience, dispositions and contextual practice of service. Thus the study of service is conducted by collecting data from codes of professional conduct and objectives of
Rotary and Zonta (the discursive level of interpretation); professionals’ experience and interpretation of volunteering (where the habitus of volunteers is made visible); and observations of practice and order at Rotary and Zonta meetings. The data was collected and analysed using Kenneth Burke’s rhetorical analysis (1969a, 1969b, 1989), Erving Goffman’s footing (Burns, 1992; Goffman, 1981), and Harvey Sacks’ indexicality and membership categorisation analysis (Lepper, 2000; Sacks, 2000[1992]).
This study examines and reports on elements and relationships in the service discourse such as expertise, judgment and discretion; aspects of the logic of service exhibited in professional agent’s experience of voluntary service, including agency and professional ethics; and the rituals practiced by professionals in the voluntary context. Many of these elements are contextual components of the opposition between economic and symbolic values in the voluntary setting. Empirical evidence presented in this study suggests that voluntary service when practiced within the new frame of economic rationales and
bureaucratic structures does not amalgamate opposing sectors so much as expose a common logic of service.
15
Crichton, Merrilyn Yvonne. "The praxis of voluntary service : an investigation of the logic of service in Rotary and Zonta." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/17020/1/Merrilyn_Crichton_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
Voluntary service is experiencing transition. This transition is marked by social,
symbolic and policy changes that have transformed the relationship between paid
and unpaid work, and is reordering the connection between voluntary practice and
professional expertise. Giddens (1998) identified this as the third way. Rose (2000) sees this transformation as a strategy embodying a tacit regime around the economic transactions that implicate the agent in self-governance based on normative moral possibilities, thus ordering the moral subject. Research has not yet established the fundamental elements of this transforming logic, or the mechanisms by which oppositions such as paid and unpaid are being resolved by voluntary organisations. The thesis argues that third way commentators’ view of the bureaucratic transformation of voluntary service that examines “historical and
social conditions, professional strategies, and disciplinary stakes and
constraints…” (Shusterman, 1999: 10) does not account for the nature of service, or the practice and logic of that service. Therefore this study interrogates the notion and logic of service for the nature of the discourse and experience of service at the time of the move toward the third way, the point that voluntary values and practices meeting economic action. This logic is examined and
extrapolated by empirical examination of the case service in Rotary and Zonta, organisations whose members are professional and act in voluntary positions. Bourdieu’s (for example 1984[1979], 1998, 2002[1977]) work on the logic of practice (featuring field, habitus and practice) frames the theoretical exploration of the embeddedness and logic of a particular social object in the context of practice. Exploring the field, habitus and practice for aspects of service suggests a
multidimensional approach that investigates the discourse, experience, dispositions and contextual practice of service. Thus the study of service is conducted by collecting data from codes of professional conduct and objectives of
Rotary and Zonta (the discursive level of interpretation); professionals’ experience and interpretation of volunteering (where the habitus of volunteers is made visible); and observations of practice and order at Rotary and Zonta meetings. The data was collected and analysed using Kenneth Burke’s rhetorical analysis (1969a, 1969b, 1989), Erving Goffman’s footing (Burns, 1992; Goffman, 1981), and Harvey Sacks’ indexicality and membership categorisation analysis (Lepper, 2000; Sacks, 2000[1992]).
This study examines and reports on elements and relationships in the service discourse such as expertise, judgment and discretion; aspects of the logic of service exhibited in professional agent’s experience of voluntary service, including agency and professional ethics; and the rituals practiced by professionals in the voluntary context. Many of these elements are contextual components of the opposition between economic and symbolic values in the voluntary setting. Empirical evidence presented in this study suggests that voluntary service when practiced within the new frame of economic rationales and
bureaucratic structures does not amalgamate opposing sectors so much as expose a common logic of service.
16
Risberg, Erik. "Large companies taking climate action by using science-based methods : A case study performed at a global leader in appliance manufacturing with a leading position in sustainability." Thesis, KTH, Integrerad produktutveckling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218024.
Abstract:
Many companies acknowledge the threat from global carbon emissions and how it affects climate change. Despite the continuous warnings, many organizations lack the necessary and recommended action plans that can hamper their negative impact on the environment. One of the managerial tools that companies use globally in order to work proactively and strategically on issues related to the environment, is to set up carbon reduction targets. With time companies have in-house strategies on how to reach the carbon reduction targets by creating a roadmap of cutting measures. Unfortunately, the majority of companies do not have carbon reduction targets that are in line with what science think is needed to avoid contributing to global warming. Nonetheless, forward-thinking early adopters have been using “science-based” methods to challenge the status quo by developing ambitious carbon targets that are in line with today’s best carbon science. This qualitative research investigates the challenging steps from setting a long-term carbon target, using the guidelines and methods presented by the Science-based target initiative. With an exploratory research approach, a case study was conducted at a global leader in appliance manufacturing and industry leader within sustainability. The data was gathered by using semistructured interviews combined with observational findings with a focus to examine how carbon targets emerge in a situated organizational setting. The interviewee's representatives come from two categories, internal company representatives and, external companies that have used the guidelines to set science-based carbon targets. For manufacturing firms, the findings from investigating three steps of the process: calculating the base-year, target integration and predicting future technology development. Calculating the base-year was identified as the most challenging step. The empirical findings helped build an understanding of the different dimensions that facilitate corporate sustainability management. This research has helped to contribute to the lack of empirical findings within the carbon management and carbon target area. Specifically, the sciencebased carbon target topic.Många företag har idag uppmärksammat det globala hotet från de enorma utsläppen av koldioxid och dess drivande roll i framtidens klimatförändringar. Trots att många företag kontinuerligt arbetar mot att minska sina koldioxidutsläpp, saknar många de nödvändiga handlingsplanerna för att hämma deras negativa påverkan på miljön. Ett av verktygen företag globalt har för att arbeta med proaktivt och strategiskt i frågor som rör miljö, är att sätta upp koldioxidreduktionsmål. Men tyvärr har flertalet av företagen idag mål som inte ligger i linje med vad vetenskapen anser är nödvändigt för att undvika den framtida globala uppvärmningen.Vad ett företag bidrar med har visat sig ofta bygga på okunskap och är därför hamnar sällan målen i linje med vad naturen efterfrågar. För att utmana detta problem har några banbrytande företag använt sig av metoder som kallas "science-based". Dessa metoder är en samling ramverk för att skapa långsiktiga koldioxidreduktionsmål som bättre ligger i linje med vad forskningen tror är nödvändigt för att undvika den globala uppvärmningen. Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker hur ett tillverkningsföretag skapar långsiktiga koldioxidreduktionsmål genom att använda vetenskapligt baserade metoder. En explorativ fallstudie genomfördes hos en global ledare inom tillverkning av vitvaror och hushållsapparater och, som även är branschledare inom hållbarutveckling. Uppgifterna samlades in genom att använda halvstrukturerade intervjuer i kombination med observationer med fokus på att undersöka målsättningsprocessen i ett företags miljöer. De intervjuade kommer från två kategorier, representanter inom företaget och, externa företag som redan har använt dessa ramverk för att skapa vetenskapligt baserade koldioxidreduktionsmål. Resultaten visar att för tillverkningsföretag finns det tre utmanande steg: att beräkna basåret, målintegration och förutspå nödvändig framtida teknikutveckling. De empiriska fynden bidrar till att skapa en bättre förståelse kring hur företag idag arbetar med att sätta upp koldioxidreduktionsmål med fokus på att använda ”science-based” ramverken.
17
Höllerer, Markus. "From taken-for-granted to explicit commitment: The rise of CSR in a corporatist country." John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joms.12029.
Abstract:
This article contributes to a thriving line of research that examines issue interpretation and social accounts in order to study the adoption and diffusion of organizational concepts and management practices. It employs the empirical example of the rise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Austria between 1990 and 2005 to investigate the complex role institutional pressures and social positions of actors play in the local adoption of globally theorized ideas. More specifically, the study reveals distinct patterns in rhetorical CSR adoption that illustrate the initial hesitation and reluctance of an established elite in the Austrian business community towards the Anglo-American notion of 'explicit' CSR, while non-elite actors who were less favourably positioned in the social order readily embraced the concept. It is in such a sense that CSR is nevertheless instrumentalized to challenge, reinterpret, or explicitly evoke the autochthonous idea of institutionalized social solidarity. Conceptually, this research takes into account social structure, actors' positions in the social order, and resulting divergent adoption motivations - i.e. the individual, yet socially derived, relevance systems of actors - and relates them to mechanisms and processes of institutional change. (author's abstract)
18
Linander, Kristina, and Carolina Carlsson. "Positioning of a brand point of parity : a study of a possible approach for taking position of a point of parity in a mature business to business market." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90333.
Abstract:
Every organisation has to build their brand on specific associations that they want to be related to. These associations can be divided into two categories: points of parity and points of difference. Traditionally brands have been concentrating on the company’s points of difference in their positioning strategies. It is more complex to take the position of a point of parity than it of a point of difference. Positioning involves finding a distinct place in the customer’s memory for the right reasons the company wants to convey and in that way maximize the profit potential for the company. To be able to achieve this, the company need to define its target group, its competition, and in what way the brand are alike the competition and in what way they differ from their competition. Existing brands positioning derives from the brand’s identity. The problem question is how can an organisation gain the position of a point of parity? Food Safety is relevant to use as an example given that it is impossible to compromise with, since it could lead to bankruptcy if not properly handled. The aim is to dissolve the complexity of the situation by using well known theory about marketing strategies, brand building, positioning, brand identity, brand equity and communication. The solution consists of three phases that forms a model of a strategy. In the first phase the organisation need to set up their marketing and brand strategies, their frame of reference and decide on their identity, what point of parities and point of differences they want to be associated with. The second phase involves elaboration of the identity into brand equity. For a point of parity it is a longer process than for a point of difference. The last phase is the communication of the brands message and identity. Communication is the key to linking the identity to the customer. The steps are combined in the strategy set up in this research. Since markets are dynamic it is important to resubmit and keep working with all steps of the strategy.
19
Zelizer, Adam. "Legislating while Learning: How Staff Briefings, Cue-Taking, and Deliberation Help Legislators Take Policy Positions." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8QG098P.
Abstract:
This dissertation examines how legislators learn about policy proposals. It focuses on three common sources of policy information --- staff briefings, cues, and group deliberations --- to show the causal effect of information on legislators' policy positions. It uses a new approach, field experiments, that allows me to answer questions about information, institutions, and outcomes that heretofore have been difficult to study quantitatively. Results from the three studies I conducted are largely consistent with theories of legislating under imperfect information. All three studies find that information affects position-taking. On average, information increases support by reducing legislators' uncertainty. Information is most influential on bills that legislators are ideologically predisposed to support. In some respects, findings extend or challenge existing theories. Legislators appear responsive to repeated messaging. Cues and briefings interact to make legislators even more supportive of bills than we would expect from their separate effects. Cues determine a far greater proportion of positions than prior studies suggested. Finally, group deliberation appears to reduce partisan polarization in bill coalitions. All together, the studies illustrate that imperfect information constrains position-taking, that legislative staff, cue-taking, and deliberation can effectively communicate information, and that legislative institutions influence individual positions by providing policy-relevant information.
20
Chang, Kuo-Lung, and 張國隆. "A Study of Taipei Municipal Junior High Teachers Taking The Positions of Section Chief of Hygiene." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09133763785891360669.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
94
The main idea of this thesis is to probe how the statute and execution of being a Taipei municipal junior high teacher and Section Chief of Hygiene (SCH) work and what their inappropriateness is. Besides, some motivational measures would be provided to highly motivate the teachers to take or continue to be at the position of SCH. This thesis applies the Method of Documentary Analysis (MDA) and the Method of Questionaire Survey (MQS), which covers from every junior high to Taipei municipal junior high, from the statutes to practices, from the other section chiefs to SCH. The research would be proceeded in MDA and MQS. Chapter One is general introduction, which includes the motivation and the goal of the research, study issue and concept identification, research approach, structure and method, effect and limit of research. Chapter Two is to talk about what the scholars call “ the role conflict”, “work pressure” and “the theory and practice of work motivation” as the theoretical basis and analytic structure of this study. Chapter Three is to compare, according to the statutes, the role of a Taipei municipal junior high teacher with that of being a chief and the difference between their jobs. Meanwhile, in this chapter, what meeting a chief has to attend would be analyzed, and the differences in the employment, promotion, and treatment between these two jobs would be also illustrated to help make up the motivational measures. After clarifying the statutes, in Chapter Four, the researcher would analyze both the legal work and the execution of SCH. In addition, the researcher would refer to the suggestions of SCH on the questionnaire survey to make up workable motivational measures. In the end, there are conclusions and suggestions in Chapter Five for concerning authorities, school staff and supervisors to refer to. This study shows some Findings and suggestions as follows: I. Findings of the study: This study shows that many difficulties have been found when a teacher and SCH is carrying out his /her job. ( I ). How the executor feels: 1. Generally speaking, teachers don’t have any strong willingness to continue taking this position of a SCH. 2. As a teacher and SCH, their jobs can’t obtain others’ support. 3. Other people have difficulty understanding the obstruction in the execution of the work and outcome. (II). How the job works: 1. The statute of being a teacher and SCH is complicated and hard to completely understand. 2. Role conflict would happen easily when a teacher willingly takes the position of a chief. 3. The chief’s job is often related to the others’ but the duty isn’t clarified. 4. The procedure of hygienic administration is over-complex and hard to work out. 5. The chief’s job is mostly connected with other departments, but it’s hard to coordinate. 6. It is hard to execute the chief’s job but easy to get punished by the educational concerning authorities. (III). About the working condition: 1. The equipment or tools are often insufficient or amaged. 2. It is dangerous or harmful while doing the job of SCH. 3. The suggestions of SCH sometimes aren’t taken eriously. (IV). About the work guarantee: 1. The payment of SCH is lower than the other chiefs’ and teachers’. 2. The promotion and development of being a teacher and SCH is limited. 3. It is the Principal or the Director of Student Affairs that has the right to employ a teacher to be SCH. 4. The person becoming SCH mostly majors in non-hygienic fields, not professional. II. Suggestions: ( I ). The motivational measures on how the executor feels: 1. School authorities should ask the teacher if he/she is willing to take the position of SCH. 2. Homeroom teachers should take actions to support and encourage the SCH. 3. School authorities should announce from time to time difficulties and outcome of SCH. (II). The motivational measures on how the jobs works: 1. Educational concerning authorities and school administrators should integrate the related statutes and resources. 2. School authorities should provide more backups to diminish the loads of hygienic job. 3. Educational concerning authorities should hurry to modify the statement of duty distribution. 4. Educational concerning authorities should first simplify the procedure of paper work. 5. School authorities should assemble the director from each department to coordinate the business. 6. Educational concerning authorities shouldn’t treat school restrooms as public restrooms for management’s sake. (III). The motivational measures on the working condition: 1. Homeroom teachers should tell the students how to use brooms and dust bins while cleaning the campus. 2. The director of general affairs should help clean the ditches. 3. Educational concerning authorities should give SCH feedback periodically. (IV). The motivational measures on the work guarantee: 1. School authorities should decrease the job which is not what the SCH has to handle. 2. School authorities should enforce the plan of training to increase the SCH’s experience. 3. School authorities should request SCH’s decision before swifting his/her position. 4. School authorities should arrange an intern chief to take over and practice the job smoothly.
21
Lai, Hsiu-Chuan, and 賴秀娟. "A Study of the Relation between Positive Traits and Job Satisfaction of Teachers Taking Administrative Positions in Taoyuan Elementary Schools." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73652107845452321380.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
教育經營與管理學系
102
Abstract The study aimed to explore the relations between positive psychology and job satisfaction of elementary school teachers in administrative positions in Taoyuan county. Based on the study results, several concrete suggestions have been made as a reference for education administration authorities, teacher training situations and following researchers. Based on the results of literature analysis, a questionnaire was designed, which was on relations between positive psychology and job satisfaction of administrative teachers in Taoyuan county elementary school teachers. The population was administrative teachers of the 101 academic year from 185 elementary schools in Taoyuan county. By adopting two-stage stratified random sampling, 572 administrative teachers from 63 schools were selected for the questionnaire survey. In total, 559 valid responses were retrieved and the final usable response rate was 99%. The collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and canonical correlation with SPSS. The conclusions of the study were summarized as below: 1. The administrative teachers in Taoyuan county elementary schools had positive psychology, but less passion and intrinsic motivation for teaching and administration. 2. Administrative teachers’ had fairly job satisfaction. Satisfaction with interpersonal relation was the highest, while that with payment was the lowest. 3. Teachers in deanery or with bachelors’ degrees had higher positive psychology than teachers in administrative coordinative positions or with degrees lower than bachelor. 4. Administrative teachers with older age, longer service seniority, or longer administrative seniority had more positive psychology. 5. Administrative teachers in consultative affairs had better positive psychology and significantly higher job satisfaction than other administrative teachers. 6. Male teachers in dean positions had higher job satisfaction in overall dimensions than female teachers or teachers in administrative coordinative positions. 7. Administrative teachers with 10 or above seniority had significantly higher job satisfaction than those with less than 1 year. 8. Positive psychology and thinking has high relation with job satisfaction and interpersonal relation.
22
Malekafzali, Farhad. "Foreign policy position-taking by the members of the House of Representatives." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31428278.html.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 266-283).
23
Le, Foulon Carmen Magdalena. "The impact of transparency on legislative behavior. Taking position avoidance into account: The case of Chile." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8C827CS.
Abstract:
This dissertation studies the effect of a transparency reform on legislators' behavior. In order to specify how and why the transparency reform would have an impact, it builds a theoretical framework based on a theory of legislative behavior. The expectations are tested against the behavior of the Chilean Lower House legislators before and after a transparency reform. The theoretical expectations derive from a theory of legislative behavior based on reelection-oriented legislators organized in parties. This theoretical framework has two central features. First, position avoidance is taken explicitly into account. Second, from previous work on comparative representation, legislators may establish programmatic and non-programmatic linkages with their constituencies. In line with the literature, legislators who follow a programmatic linkage strategy are expected to adopt positions closer to their electoral constituency. Furthermore, as legislators build such positions from their roll call, I expect that legislators, when cross pressured between their party and their constituency, will be more likely to side with their constituency. I argue that cross-pressured legislators may also avoid taking a position, as it does not influence observed party unity and does not imply voting against the constituency. Thus, reliance on position avoidance introduces a wedge between the public position taken by legislators and their effective position which has not been previously studied. I tested my hypotheses with observational data of the behavior of the Chilean Lower House members as a transparency reform took place in 2004, halfway through the legislative term. The case provides additional advantages to empirical assessment of my hypotheses, as legislators are allowed to abstain during any vote, and this option is recorded. The results provide evidence of the complex impact of transparency reform on legislators' behavior. There is some evidence of a positive impact of transparency as it provides incentives for legislators to adopt public positions closer to their electoral constituencies. But the results on the use of position avoidance raise concerns as the observed moderation may partly be the result of obfuscation rather than of improved responsiveness. In particular, the strategic use of abstentions enables legislators to build a moderate reputation without having to support their constituencies´ preferences on all issues.
24
Chu, Kuan-Yu, and 朱冠羽. "A study on musculoskeletal fatigue in sitting position jobs -Taking a mechanical factory as an example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e584jz.
Abstract:
碩士義守大學
工業管理學系
107
Most of the working environment of present generation person is to carry out work in a "sitting position", such as "sitting at the desk to use computer work", "sitting and assembling 3C electronic parts", "sitting and writing documents", etc. Part of the time is to "sit" to carry out the work, even rest, eat, nap are carried out in a sitting way, almost all day down are sitting, long time down, for us The shoulders, neck, back, spine and other parts will have a lot of influence, which will lead to fatigue, pain and even disease. This study explores the case of the case factory, and uses the NMQ (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, NMQ) questionnaire (the Institute of Labor Safety and Health of the Executive Yuan Laboratories, 2000; Kuorinka, 1987) to actually visit the office staff in the unit and The person who is in the sitting position does not have muscle, bone fatigue or disease for a long time because of the work relationship. After the questionnaire is collected, the statistical software (SPSS 18 version) is used for analysis to analyze and discuss the statistical data. Therefore, through the data research presented by the staff, we can find the musculoskeletal problems caused by the long-term use of sitting posture workers. Most of the discomforts are concentrated in the neck, waist and lower back, and the results of the quantitative analysis are used to analyze the questionnaire. As a result, suggestions for posture correction promotion and improvement of work and rest adjustments are expected in order to achieve the reduction of skeletal muscle fatigue.
25
Wang, Ya-Huei, and 王雅慧. "A Study of Motivations for Taking a Master’s Program among Elementary School Teachers with an Administrative Position." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67529170726138202812.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺中教育大學
教育學系
98
This study aimed to investigate current status of and motivation for taking a master’s program among elementary school teachers with an administrative position. The survey was administered to public elementary school teachers in Taichung City and Taichung County with an administrative position during the academic year of 2009 and had earned a master’s degree or was currently taking the program or had completed the program but not earned the degree. A total of 519 questionnaires were issued, and 501 valid responses were obtained. The valid response rate was 96.53%. The self-developed “Survey on Motivations for Elementary School Teachers with an Administrative Position Taking a Master’s Program as Advanced Learning” was adopted. The collected data were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. From the analysis results, the following conclusions were derived: 1. A high ratio of elementary school teachers with an administrative position furthered their learning by taking a master’s program. In terms of school type, those who took their programs in normal universities/universities of education constituted the largest group, followed by those who took the programs in private universities. The proportion of those who furthered their learning in general public universities was the smallest. In terms of department, the proportion of teachers taking non-administration related programs was larger than that of teachers taking administration related programs by more than 40 percents. In terms of program type, the largest group was formed by those taking in-service master program, followed by those taking general master’s programs. Those taking master’s programs of education for executives was in the smallest group. 2. Most of the surveyed teachers with an administrative position had a high level of “cognitive interest” in furthering their learning by taking a master’s program, and high-intermediate levels of other sections. 3. In terms of “cognitive interest”, most of the surveyed teachers with an administrative position show that: teachers in 41-50 age group are higher than those in 30 and below group, teachers working more than 21 years and those working between 11-20 years are both higher than those working between 6-10 years; in terms of social relationships, male teachers are higher than female teachers, and deans are higher than chiefs; in terms of the level of expectation, male teachers are higher than female teachers, those in older than 51 age group are higher than those in 31-40 age group, those working for more than 21 years and those working between 11-20 years are higher than those working for 6-10 years, deans are higher than chiefs, married teachers are higher than single teachers, and those working in the countryside are higher than those working in cities; in terms of career progression, male teachers are higher than female teachers, those working for more than 21 years and are higher than those working for 6-10 years, deans are higher than chiefs, and married teachers are higher than single teachers; in terms of the social change, deans are higher than chiefs and teachers working in the countryside are higher than those in cities. 4. The teachers’ motivations to further their learning by taking a master’s program varied by the programs they took. In terms of “cognitive interest,” studying in normal universities/universities of education is higher than that in private universities and general public universities, and taking general master’s program is higher than taking in-service master program; in terms of social relationships, expectation, and career progression, the motivation for taking administration related master’s program is higher than taking non-administration related master’s program.
26
Stutzman, Kelsey Alexandra Caughy Margaret O'Brien Vaeth Patrice. "Healthy relationships : an HIV intervention for positives." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1450307.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2672. Adviser: Margaret Caughy. Includes bibliographical references.
27
KAO, MING-CHING, and 高明青. "The Modern Position and Function of Village/Community Affairs Office - Taking a District in Keelung as an Example." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jnr8nw.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
102
Abstract The village is a front-end organization of the entire administration system in our country, which contacts people in the first line. It is an organization where the administrative work of our country can be fulfilled. It is also the place where various public policies and activities are implemented and have direct influence. The village also provides the feedback from the people. To investigate the positioning and function of the village, this research employs the non-quantitative research method, which includes focused interviews with the village head, collecting references, and combining the working experiences of the author. The research findings are as follows: 1. Positioning of the village: The village is the most basic organization which possesses administrative and autonomous position. 2. Function of the village: It deals with the public affairs of the village and follows the order from the county. 3. Economy of the village: The funding of the village comes from the subsidiaries from the county and fund raising. 4. Technology of the village: The technology environment of the village is incomplete. Based on the above findings, we have the following suggestions: 1. Revise the autonomy laws so that the village becomes an administrative unit and an autonomous unit. 2. Enhance the position of the village in leading the public affairs. 3. Set up the hardware and software of the E-environment so that staffs are well-trained and the quality and efficiency of the public services can be enhanced. Keywords：Autonomous group﹐In-depth interview﹐ Literature analysis﹐Village
28
Hsu, Chih-cheng, and 許志誠. "How to Position the After-school Center with Diminishing Birth Rate Issue-Taking the Metropolitan Taichung as an Example." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45599168115749619432.
Abstract:
碩士逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
95
The research goal under the discussion diminishing birth rate tendency, An Qinban the market segment with the area separates the market localization, take Taizhong County Fenmgyuan city An Qinban the student guardian as the object of study, so as to understood Taizhong County Fenmgyuan city An Qinban the market area separates the characteristic and attribute of appraisal and the goal market well-knownness highest first five An Qinban.The research technique visits the student guardian by the questionnaire survey, take lives the state, the population statistic variable as the foundation, because of the factor analysis, the colony analyzes, the card side analysis examines the area to separate difference of the market before, finally by the multi-dimensional criterion analysis creation consciousness free-space diagram, understands five An Qinban in the student family patience consciousness localization.The findings, the market area separates for is content with life with the rigorous plan, various markets area separates on the life state construction surface has the remarkable difference, but the only education level has the remarkable difference in the population statistic variable.The different area separates the market in five An Qinban in the attribute difference and the localization appraisal. PAOSS MENTAL ARITHMETIC goal market is the rigorous plan, favors in the price attribute localization. HESS EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION goal market is the rigorous plan, favors appraises the attribute localization in the relatives and friends. JOY ENTERPRISES ORGANIZATION americanism goal market is content with life, favors in the teaching environment and the hardware facility attribute localization. GIRAFFE ENGLISH WORLD americanism goal market is content with life, favors in the service attribute localization. KID CASTLE EDUCATIONAL CORPORATION fort does not have the obvious goal market to pitch up in the attribute localization to in the teachers and the service. This research conclusion conducives toward favor An Qinban in the marketing strategy plan and the demand.
29
HSU, CHE-KAI, and 許喆凱. "The Dispute of National Identity of the Taiwanese People : Taking the Position of Cross-Strait Relations as an Example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x4rhu7.
Abstract:
碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國家安全碩士在職專班
107
The two major national identity of Taiwanese people and internal controversy have caused internal divisions within Taiwan and tensions between Taiwan and China. This article attempts to understand what disputes the Taiwanese people's Taiwanese national identity and Chinese national identity have on the positioning of cross-strait relations. The thesis organizes the formation process, construction mode, and identity of the two major national identity groups; then, analyzes and compares the two major disputes between the two sides in the positioning of cross-strait relations: how many ethnic groups are there on both sides? how many countries are there on both sides? Finally, the dispute between the two national identity of the Taiwanese people may be able to stand on the perspective of national security - the external threat of the People's Republic of China - to obtain the majority of consensus and cooperation. Keywords : Taiwan national identity, Chinese national identity, position of cross-strait relations, national security
30
Zhang, Ji-Yu, and 張濟宇. "Relationship study about employee's commitment,acknowledgementand position retain to assigned firm or organizations - Taking an example of Hsinchu Science Park." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7mfa3q.
Abstract:
碩士國立交通大學
理學院科技與數位學習學程
104
For most enterprise, contractors are pathetic due to they are easy to be replaced and changed as a disposable tool. It makes people feel curious that what do contractors feel when they are working. Is work of contractor a temporary plan or anything else? Or it has become a new phenomenon that enterprise keep using contractors to replace their lower level labors to cost down and increase their flexibility. This thesis is trying to understand many factors from contractors to increase their performance, such as personality of contractors, organization commitment, and organization identity, whether the above three factors will affect performance of contractors and intention of stay. This data of research is from many contractors of contactor companies, from the result, it shows that there are correlations between contractors, organization commitment,organization identity, and intention of stay. Contractors will decide stay or leave and whether increase their performance by the previous four factors. This research also find some other contractors’ factors such as gender, age, working experience, education, revenue, and marriage effect contractors decision to face organization commitment. Organization identity. The result is significant. Hence, enterprise could understand the perspective of contractors and help this issue be more comprehensive.
31
Li, Huang-Ying, and 李瑝櫻. "Research on Monitoring Position Selection for Safety Monitoring System of Temporary Facilities: Taking Scaffolds under Wind and Earthquake for Example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6h4wkx.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
106
Scaffolds are the most commonly used equipment in construction projects. During a construction process of maintaining the structures, all of them need the scaffolds. However, many reasons cause the safety and quality difficulty control, such as the quantity of the scaffold is numerous on the construction site and the scaffolds are installed by worker’s experience. Since it is difficult to maintain the quality of the scaffold and replace the defect scaffold on-time, scaffold disaster frequently happens every year. In order to reduce the construction cost of the safety monitoring system that protect the workers in a construction site to raise the willingness of the owners and constructors to adopt, the ultimate target of the research is finding the necessary position for monitoring and combination with the wireless sensing network developed by the predecessors, an immediate multi-project early-warning system and equipment are applied to prevent construction rack disasters. The main controlling failure mode of the scaffold system is the single steel tube at the first story caused by buckling failure. The most beginning failure happens at the position of middle steel column at the bottom story. The research recommends that the column should be monitored and measured its lateral displacement on the top of the column and the angle of rotation on the bottom of the column. Besides, considering the different directions of the wind and the seismic force, the research also recommends the central columns of STORYMAX and STORYMAX-1 should be monitored by the monitoring system.
32
Shiuan, Huang Ying, and 黃英軒. "Survey research of the willingness in taking up school administration position and factors considered of teachers in elementary school of Yilan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12064992096872239451.
Abstract:
碩士國立花蓮教育大學
國民教育研究所
95
The research is aimed to find out the reality of the willingness of elementary school teachers in taking up school administration position in Yilan Country and to explore the factors considered in making such decision. The findings and conclusions may be taken as practical suggestion by education officers in administrative agency, school, and teachers, and it may serve as reference for researchers in this field. The research is in literature analysis method and questionnaire survey method for analytical research. In the questionnaire survey method, the “willingness of elementary school teachers in Yilan County in taking up administration position and factors considered in making decision” questionnaire as compiled by the researcher was employed, which was distributed to 318 teachers in 37 public elementary schools of Yilan County. The valid recovered questionnaire is 309, with yield of 99.35%. The recovered questionnaire was applied with SPSS10.1 package software for statistical analysis. Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions are induced: 1. Elementary School Teachers in Yilan County have medium willingness in taking up school administration position, which is higher in the administration position in faculty administration and in counseling office and lower in the position of general administration position. 2. In analyzing the difference in responses toward “overall comments” items in taking up administration position, elementary school teachers have reached significant level in the following background variables, “marital condition”, “academic background”, “seniority”, “seniority in having administration position”, “size of school”, “area” and “if teachers union existed in school”. 3. In taking up school administration position, teachers give more serious consideration in school factors and individual factors”. 4. The willingness of taking up school administration position has positive correlation with the factors of consideration, i.e. the higher the willingness in taking up school administration position, the higher the factors of consideration. Our suggestions came out of the findings of the research are: 1. Suggestions for education administration agency 1) Enlarge the staffing of school dedicated administration personnel and reduce the non teaching-related administration jobs for teachers 2) Increase the incentive for teachers in taking up administration position 2. Suggestions for elementary school 1) Principal of elementary school shall be primarily in building sound organization atmosphere. 2) Provide care and encouragement to less-senior teachers in taking up school administration position. 3. Suggestions for teachers of elementary school 1) As the administration position is the extension of teaching job, it shall be taken as honor 2) Learning and dedication will serve to build up good human relationship. 3) Administration personnel shall have sympathy and teachers shall have accommodation to cooperate with each other.
33
Tsai, Wan-jen, and 蔡宛蓁. "The Strategic Position and Customer Satisfaction ofMultinational Companies in Convenience Store-Taking Industry:A Comparative Analysis of 7ELEVEn &; Family Mart inShanghai City." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wfr9ts.
Abstract:
碩士國立中山大學
國際經營管理碩士學程
103
As Chinese economy grows up gradually, it induces the high growth rate of retailing market. As a result, many international retailers try to search the possible growth opportunities in the China market. However, immense Chinese market is characteristic of vague legislations and dynamic environment, so inventors’ local resources bases are critical. Theoretically, the multinational company’s entry mode will be related closely with the resource of foreign subsidiary. This study chooses Shanghai area as a subject. By utilizing the case comparison of 7ELEVEn and Family Mart companies, the study tries to employ the resource-based and the strategic position viewpoint to examine the strategic position and the customer satisfaction of the two large multinational companies. The finding reveals that multinational company’s distinctive resource base will influences its strategic position, the cooperative strategy with the suppliers, and the customer satisfaction. The finding provides referable outcome with those retailing multinational companies aiming to enter the emerging markets.
34
Ya-Hsun, Hsih, and 施雅薰. "Sources of the pressure of the elementary school teachers taking administrative position in Kaohsiung County after Kaohsiung County and City were united." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03504234312950688682.
Abstract:
碩士高苑科技大學
經營管理研究所
101
With the foundation of current literature, the author in this study constructed four categories, ―workload, role conflict, human relationship, professional knowledge‖ and sixteen evaluation criteria and used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to investigate the sources of the pressure of the elementary school teachers taking administrative position in Kaohsiung County after Kaohsiung city and county were united. Targeting on the elementary school teachers taking administrative position, fifty copies of questionnaires were sent and forty-five were collected. Thirty-nine out of forty-five were valid, about seventy-eight percent. The findings show, ―workload‖ was the major pressure source for the teachers in the elementary school level and ―professional knowledge, role conflict and human relationships‖ were followed. Here are the top five key evaluation criteria. 1. Too much paper work and too frequent reports for the positions. 2. Great amount of reports and data to prepare for the frequent evaluations and visits. 3. After work time was used frequently for taking care of the jobs. 4. Worry about not having enough professional skills to handle the projects with increasing quantity and complexity. 5. Feeling pressure being the media between their administrative supervisors and teachers.
35
Ma, Tao-Hsin, and 馬道心. "The Position and Developmentof the Naval Underwater Operation Unitin Taiwan’s Marine Affairs－Taking the Comparison between Taiwan and U.S. Systems as a Yardstick." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3u96u6.
Abstract:
碩士國立中山大學
高階公共政策碩士班
96
Naval Underwater Operation Unit (UOU), evolving from the Fleet Salvage Unit, is the only body specifically responsible for underwater operation under the Ministry of National Defense (MND). The mission of this Unit is to provide diving, salvage, mine counter-measurement, explosive ordnance disposal and diving training services to all armed forces and other government agencies. Since its establishment, UOU has been involved in many high visibility maritime distress operations over the years. UOU has a definite position and plays an important role in Taiwan’s naval defensive warfare, maritime distress salvage, maritime pollution control and commercial diver training. With its professional capability and facilities, UOU has become the most capable governmental unit in diving and salvage in this country. To highlight its emphasis on marine affairs, the Executive Yuan established the “National Council on the Advancement of Marine Affairs” on 7 January 2004 as a decision-making forum for marine affairs on the cabinet level. The adoption of the “National Oceans Policy Guidelines” on 13 October 2004 and the formulation of the “Program for the Development Planning of Marine Affairs” accordingly by this Council have set a new demarche to march towards an Ocean Nation for the country. Integration of government resources and cooperation among agencies are vital to the policy implementation. To implement the goals of national oceans policy and marine affairs development, government agencies should collaborate among themselves through resources integration. The main purpose of this study is to explore the position and development of the UOU in various domains of national marine affairs while the Government is making its effort to advance national oceans policy. To this end, this study examines the differences between the UOU and its equivalent units in the U.S. Navy from four perspectives, namely, organizational status, missions, capabilities and the relationship between these units and other government agencies, analyzes the needs imposed upon the UOU by various domains of national marine affairs, and then proposes the approaches for improving UOU’s capabilities so as to fulfill the requirements of national marine affairs development.
36
簡忠強, CHIEN CHUNG-CHIANG, and 簡忠強. "Implementing Cross-jurisdictional Ambulance Cases to Establish New Fire Department on the Optimum Geographic Position- Taking Sanzhi and Tamsui District mutual support as an example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eymx4q.
Abstract:
碩士醒吾科技大學
資訊科技應用系
106
Emergent medical system provides the citizens with the easy access of the ambulances. Usually ambulances were located at the local fire departments. The location of the ambulance is the major factor affecting the rapid arrival of emergent medical staffs. In order to understand the efficiency of an ambulance arriving at an emergent scene, we analyze the location of current fire departments facilitated with ambulances. In this study, we analyze the fire departments locations at Sanchi and Tamsui and we reviewed the emergent ambulance dispatch events. Applying GIS technique revealed frequent occurrence of fire departments dispatching ambulances to the region out of the district. With the development of Tamsui New City, there will be increasing number of papulation and booming economic activity in the near future. The local government has designed the location for the fire department in this area. In this study, we stimulated the future operation condition for the fire department in this location. In addition, we reviewed the current number of emergent events that activate the ambulance dispatch to evaluate whether it is appropriate to allocated the fire department to this area. With the assistance of GIS technique, we found that currently in Sanchi district, the local fire department dispatches ambulances for most emergent events, which is 20.72% of the total events in New Taipei City area but in Tamsui district, the department only dispatches for 1.22% of the total events. In our study, in Tamsui New City, we compared the amounts of emergent medical events that will active ambulance dispatch by the future fire department in this planned location with those by the optimal location we indicated. Then difference of the ambulance dispatch events from these two locations is estimated as high as 20% of the total numbers in New Taipei City. Our study provided further information for not only the public awareness but also the government to make evidence-based policy decision.
37
Feng, Ye, and 馮曄. "The application of Zhou Xue-Hai''s pulse theory of position, pace, form, and dynamic to pulse theory and experiment -- taking the floating deviation as an example." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67370141125427663502.
Abstract:
碩士中國醫藥學院
中國醫學研究所
85
Several decades of efforts to objectify Chinese medical pulse-taking have led to stalemate. Different research teams have different views, and although they use the same pulse names, the sphygmograms they attach to them are different. The results of their research thus lack mutual corroboration, and hence progress in clinical application is foreclosed. The reason forth is clearly lies in the nature of Chinese medical knowledge. Nevertheless, it should theoretically be possible to restructure and refine Chinese medical pulse theory from a historical perspective and there by provide a solid basis for theobjectification of pulse-taking, so that modern scientific methods can be used to develop instrumentation that applies Western medical theory to the genuine benefit to traditional Chinese medicine. This paper discusses the origins of ZhouXue-Hai''s theory of position, pace, form, and dynamic and its profound influence on modern pulse research. Zhou''s theories, which are faithful to tradition, yet creatively combine Chineseand Western medical theory, rest on the notion that the pulse conforms to laws, and on the need to escape the shackles of linking specifically defined pulses to specific disease entities.Tracing the evolution of pulse-taking positions and methods fromthe Nei-Jing onward, he shows the development of pulse-taking on the basis of set pulse patterns. Because priority was given tothe pulse position rather than pulse form and dynamic, the floating position deviation and the defined floating pulse provide an example that illustrates not only how Zhou''s theory can be traced back to ancient pulse-taking and restores Zhang Ji''s flexible use of laws governing the pulse to life, but also allows the theory of pulse-taking methods of the defined pulses which have been used for nearly two millennia to be analyzed in terms of fingertip sensation. Zhou Xue-Hai provides a major contribution to a solid pulse theory that may allow researchusing various types of pulse-taking machines to address academic questions and point a clear direction for experimentation.
38
Hanford, Ann Dowie. "The development of a therapist through participation in a reflecting team." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1832.
Abstract:
This thesis is a study of the development of a group of students during the time they spentworking as a reflecting team in family therapy. Due to an increase in the number of students enrolled for the Masters degree in Educational Psychology in the years from 2001, there was concern about the students experience of family therapy, since they would not all be likely to counsel a family. The study, which was undertaken over a period of two years, allows a comparison of two different experiences of being part of a reflecting team. The first year the whole group formed a single team, whereas, the group in the second year split into two teams, working on a fortnightly basis. The growth of the students as therapists was assessed by means of questionnaires and an interview with the trainer in terms of self-reflection, willingness to risk.Social work
MA(SS)(Mental Health)
39
Dirk, Wayne Peter. "Constructing and transforming the curriculum for higher education : a South African case study." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11838.
Abstract:
This study explores the various processes that constructed and transformed the undergraduate curriculum in a Faculty of Education at a South African university. It attempts to delve beneath the representation of post-apartheid curriculum change as a linear process. The thesis argues that scholars should attempt to unravel how the curriculum performs the task of social transformation at the site of the university by empirically investigating how the relationship between structure and action links with the ideals of post-apartheid higher education policy. Theoretically, this study posits that the deficit in the local literature on the use of the structure/agency relationship as a heuristic device for examining institutional change should be addressed with the relational sociology of Pierre Bourdieu.Sociology
D. Phil. (Sociology)
40
Perlman, Leon Joseph. "Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial services." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13362.
Abstract:
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| viPublic, Constitutional and International Law
LLD