Academic literature on the topic 'Positionnement nucléaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Positionnement nucléaire"
Maillochon, Clémence. "L’Église évangélique de Polynésie française contre les essais nucléaires : l’influence des réseaux œcuméniques." Relations internationales 194, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ri.194.0121.
Full textCastellano, Léa, and Vincent Gache. "Réseau microtubulaire et fonctionnalité du muscle strié squelettique." médecine/sciences 39 (November 2023): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023146.
Full textMarrec, Anaël. "La centrale nucléaire du Carnet." 20 & 21. Revue d'histoire N° 159, no. 3 (April 16, 2024): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vin.159.0061.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Positionnement nucléaire"
Gimpel, Petra. "Mechanisms of non-centrosomal MTOC formation at the nucleus in muscle cells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066442.pdf.
Full textThe accurate position of the nucleus during skeletal muscle formation seems to be important for muscle function, and defects have been associated with numerous muscle diseases. Nuclear positioning requires microtubules (MTs) which are reorganized from the centrosome in proliferating myoblasts to the nuclear envelope (NE) in differentiated myotubes. This dramatic MT reorganization is accompanied by a redistribution of proteins from the centrosome to the NE which thus takes over the function as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) during myogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we identified Nesprin-1 and Sun1/2, outer and inner nuclear membrane proteins, respectively, to be involved in the recruitment of MTOC function to the NE. Nesprin-1 or Sun1/2 deficient cells displayed mislocalization of centrosomal proteins to the cytoplasm and failed to regrow MTs from the NE. Moreover, the muscle-specific isoform of Nesprin-1, namely Nesprin-1alpha, was shown to be highly associated with the centrosomal proteins Akap450, Pericentrin and Pcm1 in C2C12 myotubes and to be sufficient to rescue the observed defects in Nesprin-1 depleted cells. Among the centrosomal proteins localizing at the NE during myogenic differentiation, solely Akap450 seemed to be required for MT nucleation. Akap450-Nesprin-1alpha-mediated MT nucleation from the NE was demonstrated to play an important role in nuclear positioning during myotube formation. These findings strengthen our understanding on how defects in MTOC formation at the NE can link to nuclear positioning defects in muscular dystrophies
Roby, Nicolas. "Mécanismes subcellulaires gouvernant la régulation spatiotemporelle d'événements morphogénétiques simultanés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ6012.
Full textMorphogenesis is the fundamental process by which an organism acquires its shape, establishing the structural and functional foundations for proper development. During embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis arises from genetic patterning that drives both local and organismal forces to shape epithelial sheets into mature structures. We now broadly understand the genetic regulation involved in the remodelling of cytoskeletal elements to generate these forces and drive simple morphogenetic processes. However, these events have typically been studied individually, despite occurring simultaneously during development. To explore how a single tissue undergoes multiple simultaneous shape changes, we use the Drosophila embryo as a model system, focusing on the simultaneous folding and extension of the presumptive mesoderm tissue. This complex tissue transformation relies on the timely reorganization of the cortical actomyosin network in two subcellular tiers. The first tier, at the apex of mesoderm cells, mediates apical constriction for tissue folding, while the second tier, at the lateral cortex, drives polarized cell intercalation for tissue convergence-extension. We now investigate how mesoderm cells segregate actomyosin into distinct subcellular tiers to achieve simultaneous shape and topology changes. Previous work highlighted the basal displacement of nuclei during mesoderm folding, a feature conserved across species. While much research has focused on nuclear positioning regulation, the effect of nuclear position on tissue morphogenesis remains unclear. In this study, I demonstrate that the nucleus controls the establishment of the two-tier actomyosin network. Within the geometric constraints of mesoderm columnar epithelial cells, the nucleus acts as a barrier, shielding the lateral cortex from the microtubule network and regulating the distribution of the signalling molecule RhoGEF2. The relocation of the nucleus, driven by the contraction of the first actomyosin tier and the resulting cytoplasmic flow, unshields the lateral cortex for RhoGEF2 delivery to direct the stereotypic formation of the second actomyosin tier. This work identifies a new role for the nucleus as a spatiotemporal cytoskeleton compartmentalizer, establishing a modular scaffold that powers multiple simultaneous morphogenetic processes
Gimpel, Petra. "Mechanisms of non-centrosomal MTOC formation at the nucleus in muscle cells." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066442/document.
Full textThe accurate position of the nucleus during skeletal muscle formation seems to be important for muscle function, and defects have been associated with numerous muscle diseases. Nuclear positioning requires microtubules (MTs) which are reorganized from the centrosome in proliferating myoblasts to the nuclear envelope (NE) in differentiated myotubes. This dramatic MT reorganization is accompanied by a redistribution of proteins from the centrosome to the NE which thus takes over the function as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) during myogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we identified Nesprin-1 and Sun1/2, outer and inner nuclear membrane proteins, respectively, to be involved in the recruitment of MTOC function to the NE. Nesprin-1 or Sun1/2 deficient cells displayed mislocalization of centrosomal proteins to the cytoplasm and failed to regrow MTs from the NE. Moreover, the muscle-specific isoform of Nesprin-1, namely Nesprin-1alpha, was shown to be highly associated with the centrosomal proteins Akap450, Pericentrin and Pcm1 in C2C12 myotubes and to be sufficient to rescue the observed defects in Nesprin-1 depleted cells. Among the centrosomal proteins localizing at the NE during myogenic differentiation, solely Akap450 seemed to be required for MT nucleation. Akap450-Nesprin-1alpha-mediated MT nucleation from the NE was demonstrated to play an important role in nuclear positioning during myotube formation. These findings strengthen our understanding on how defects in MTOC formation at the NE can link to nuclear positioning defects in muscular dystrophies
Thibaud, Florian. "Développement de détecteurs Micromegas pixellisés pour les hauts flux de particules et évaluation de la contribution diffractive à la leptoproduction de hadrons à COMPASS." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112239/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the development and characterisation of a new generation of Micromegas (MICROMEsh GAseous Structure) detectors for the COMPASS experiment at Cern, and the estimation of the diffractive processes’ contribution to the production of pions and kaons, concerning the study of the quark fragmentation functions into hadrons at COMPASS. New Micromegas detectors with a 40 x 40 cm² active area are being developed for the future physics program of the COMPASS experiment starting in 2015. These detectors will have to work in high muon and hadron flux (close to 8 MHz/cm²). In this context, a central area of about 5 cm diameter, crossed by the beam, will be composed of 1280 pixels, and discharge-reduction technologies will be used. Four prototypes with a final read-out geometry, using two different discharge-reduction technologies have been produced at Cern and studied in nominal conditions at COMPASS between 2010 and 2012. Three are hybrid detectors using a GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) foil as a preamplification stage to reduce the discharge probability. The other is equipped with a so called “buried resistors” resistive structure allowing to strongly reduce the discharge amplitude. Their performances are presented in this thesis. The impact of these results on the production and implementation of the final series of detectors is also discussed. Quark fragmentation functions into hadrons describe the hadronisation of a quark of flavor q into a hadron h. These universal functions take part in the cross-section expression of several processes. They can be accessed at COMPASS via semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of muons off nucleons. The relevant observables for fragmentation function extraction are hadron multiplicities, corresponding to the mean number of hadrons produced per deep inelastic scattering event. Vector mesons produced by a diffractive process can decay into pions and kaons. As such processes do not involve quark hadronisation, they should a priori be excluded from multiplicity measurements. This work presents a Monte-Carlo study of the impact of diffractive rho and phi production on light hadrons and inclusive events yields. Multiplicity correction factors are finally established. The effect of this correction on the extraction of pion fragmentation functions is also discussed
Book chapters on the topic "Positionnement nucléaire"
DÉSANGLES, F., M. VALENTE, P. MARTIGNE, J. PATEUX, G. GOSIER, M. DROUET, and F. HÉRODIN. "Le laboratoire de dosimétrie biologique des irradiations du Service de santé des armées." In Médecine et Armées Vol. 46 No.2, 163–68. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7358.
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