Academic literature on the topic 'Position anomère'
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Journal articles on the topic "Position anomère"
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Lee, Sang Jun, Dale E. A. Lewis, and Sankar Adhya. "Induction of the Galactose Enzymes in Escherichia coli Is Independent of the C-1-Hydroxyl Optical Configuration of the Inducer d-Galactose." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 24 (October 17, 2008): 7932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01008-08.
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ABSTRACT The two optical forms of aldohexose galactose differing at the C-1 position, α-d-galactose and β-d-galactose, are widespread in nature. The two anomers also occur in di- and polysaccharides, as well as in glycoconjugates. The anomeric form of d-galactose, when present in complex carbohydrates, e.g., cell wall, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, is specific. Their interconversion occurs as monomers and is effected by the enzyme mutarotase (aldose-1-epimerase). Mutarotase and other d-galactose-metabolizing enzymes are coded by genes that constitute an operon in Escherichia coli. The operon is repressed by the repressor GalR and induced by d-galactose. Since, depending on the carbon source during growth, the cell can make only one of the two anomers of d-galactose, the cell must also convert one anomer to the other for use in specific biosynthetic pathways. Thus, it is imperative that induction of the gal operon, specifically the mutarotase, be achievable by either anomer of d-galactose. Here we report in vivo and in vitro experiments showing that both α-d-galactose and β-d-galactose are capable of inducing transcription of the gal operon with equal efficiency and kinetics. Whereas all substitutions at the C-1 position in the α configuration inactivate the induction capacity of the sugar, the effect of substitutions in the β configuration varies depending upon the nature of the substitution; methyl and phenyl derivatives induce weakly, but the glucosyl derivative does not.
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Ye, Ding, Kuan Zhang, Hua-feng Chen, Shu-fan Yin, and Ying Li. "4-Formylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranoside." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 6 (May 20, 2009): o1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809018248.
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The title compound, C21H24O11, crystallizes exclusively as the β-anomer. The substituent of the protected sugar at position C-3 is in the axial position, while all other groups are in equatorial positions. The pyranoside ring adopts a stable chair conformation.
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Vorobiev, Maxim V. "Legal Consciousness at the Early Stage of Personality Development from the Perspective of Russian Neo-Kantian Philosophy of Pedagogy." Kantian journal 37, no. 2 (2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2018-2-3.
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In this study, I investigate the philosophico-pedagogical concepts developed by German and Russian Neo-Kantians, namely P. Natorp, S. I. Hessen, M. M. Rubinstein. In order to identify the peculiarities of the approaches of the Neo-Kantians to legal consciousness in children, I show that the widely accepted view that Hessen borrowed Natorp’s hierarchical triad of moral development — anomie, heteronomy, and autonomy — lacks a solid ground. Moreover, Natorp generally does not use the concept of anomie to characterise the state of morality and legal consciousness during early childhood, and Rubinstein’s position on this issue is closer to the position of Natorp than to that of Hessen. Furthermore, I examine the differences in the views of the Russian Neo-Kantians on play as an activity crucial for the understanding of human childhood. According to Hessen, play is anomic, whereas Rubinstein sees it as a collaborative activity that can engender respect for other people and their rights, i.e., to legal consciousness. In conclusion, I address Hessen’s and Rubinstein’s understandings of the phenomena of law and legal consciousness, which determined their definitions of legal consciousness in children. Unlike Hessen, who insists that anomie is innate in early childhood, since children of that age are unfamiliar with ethical categories, Rubinstein introduces the concept of “legal psychology,” which contains the germs of legal consciousness.
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MAENAKA, Katsumi, Masaaki MATSUSHIMA, Gota KAWAI, Akinori KIDERA, Kimitsuna WATANABE, Ryota KUROKI, and Izumi KUMAGAI. "Structural and functional effect of Trp-62→Gly and Asp-101→Gly substitutions on substrate-binding modes of mutant hen egg-white lysozymes." Biochemical Journal 333, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3330071.
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In order to clarify the structural role of subsite B of hen egg-white lysozyme in hydrolytic activity towards a carbohydrate substrate, we analysed the structures of Trp-62 → Gly and Asp-101 → Gly mutant hen lysozymes, which have no side chain at positions 62 or 101, complexed with a substrate analogue, (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine)3 [(GlcNAc)3], using X-ray crystallography. The overall protein structures in the mutant lysozyme complexes were almost identical to those in the wild type. In the crystals of all the mutant complexes, the (GlcNAc)3 molecule, which is an inhibitor of wild-type lysozyme, had no inhibitory effect, but was hydrolysed as a substrate. One of the products, (GlcNAc)2, the reducing end of which is an α-anomer, was bound in an unproductive binding mode, protruding from the active-site cleft, and was able to act as an inhibitor. Hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate by the mutants occurred in a β-anomer-retaining manner, and so the α-anomer product was converted from the β-anomer product. Thus the interactions of Asp-101 and Trp-62 in subsite B are not essential for the catalytic mechanism, but co-operatively enhance the affinity of the substrate in the productive binding mode, other than the inhibitor in the unproductive mode.
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Maqboor, Zahida, Mashooda Hasan, Kevin T. Potts, Abdul Malik, Tanveer Ahmad Nizami, and Wolfgang Voelter. "Syntheses of Anomeric Pairs of New C-Nucleosides via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction, Part II." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-1118.
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Abstract 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of dipolarophiles (1) and (2) with endocyclic heterocyclic azomethine ylides (4), (14) and (24), prepared in situ, leads to the protected β-and α-C-nucleo-sides (7), (8), (17), (18), (27) and (28), respectively. These, on subsequent hydrolysis, provide the corresponding C-nucleosides. The structures of all the synthesized com pounds are con firmed through analytical and spectral data. The assignment of configuration at C -1′ position of the C-nucleosides could be done by a comparative study of the properties of the corresponding α and β anomers with a reasonable degree of certainity.
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Hakobyan, Naira, and Anna Khachatryan. "Post-War Anomie in the Field of Management Leadership and Anomie Overcoming Models." Business Ethics and Leadership 6, no. 2 (2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(2).94-102.2022.
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This paper presents the results of a theoretical-methodological analysis of the post-war anomie phenomenon in management leadership. The main features of post-war anomie are shown. The paper investigates this topic in the following logical sequence: in a post-war society, where almost all areas of public life marginalize rapidly, a marginal type of manager becomes dominant. It is a kind of hybrid type of management, which occupies an intermediate position between the traditional (pre-war) and new (post-war) types. In a post-war society, a sense of security and confidence in the future is replaced by uncertainty. At every step, a contradictory situation arises, social tensions grow, and competition and interpersonal and intergroup conflicts become more widespread. The consequences of the war are felt more strongly, and the living conditions of people are deteriorating, which causes panic, shocks, stress, and psycho-physiological disorders. People do not even have a vague idea of where society is moving, their role in this process, and where their place is − all this gives rise to uncertainty in the future. It becomes difficult for many to adapt to new conditions psychologically. For the individual, the social world is collapsing in the truest sense. Traditional stereotypes of adaptation and rationalization are being destroyed − people do not understand what is happening in their environment. The research theoretically proves that specific models aim to overcome anomie in a post-war society. Overcoming anomie also suggests a strong influence, sometimes needed to move towards the chosen direction. The problem is that very often, strong effects can develop into distress, and accordingly, the formation of new social norms will suffer, possibly leading to a dysfunctional company. The results of the research can be helpful for the specialists in the fields of business ethics and leadership, contemporary approaches, and socio-psychological issues of human behavior in a post-war society.
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Grubb, Henry Jefferson. "SOCIAL COHESION AS DETERMINED BY THE LEVELS AND TYPES OF INVOLVEMENT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1987.15.1.87.
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This paper takes the position that all behavior is a result of individual-group interaction. The individual's initiation and socialization into the most primary and universal of groups, the family, serves as a model for understanding the social learning process. All learning is determined by attachment to and identification with the various groups to which one belongs. This “social cohesion” is a function of the member's levels and types of group involvement. These types are described ranked according to degree of involvement (greatest to least): (1) identification; (2) alienation; (3) autonomy; and (4) anomie. Examples for each involvement-type are given to illustrate.
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Jasper, Cynthia R., and Mary Ellen Roach-Higgins. "ROLE CONFLICT AND CONFORMITY IN DRESS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 16, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1988.16.2.227.
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This study proceeded from the general theoretical position that dress is a significant element in role enactment and addressed the specific question of why there is apparent conflict regarding what form of dress is appropriate to enactment of the role of the Roman Catholic priest. Data analyzed were drawn from a study of 5,475 American Catholic priests. Priests who conformed to church regulations regarding dress differed from nonconformists in their beliefs about their roles as priests and in their opinions of church reform, commitment to the priesthood, feelings of anomie, rank within the priesthood, and age.
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HAKOBYAN, Naira, Lilit KAZANCHIAN, Laura PETROSYAN, and Anna KHACHATRYAN. "Social-Psychological and Legal-Philosophical Characteristics of Personality Anomie." WISDOM 24, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v24i4.950.
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The key to the successful and effective development of any society is the socio-psychological well-being of the population and personality, based on certain legal and philosophical concepts. Modern society experiences a kind of civilizational, philosophical, legal and socio-psychological crisis - the transformation of norms and behavior, against the background of which various forms of deviation are clearly manifested. As a result, in the context of the transformation of society, for a more complete and deeper study of the characteristics of human behavior, it becomes necessary to understand the causes of their occurrence. This methodological position allows first of all describing the mental world of a person who acts in the frames of the certain understanding and perception of social-psychological and legal norms of behavior. In this context, the procedure of psychological and legal-philosophical reconstruction of scientific concept of anomie is used as a methodological tool, which is aimed at analyzing various manifestations of the psyche of the personality and its anomic characteristics.
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Dembitskyi, Serhii S. "Normless Anomie Index (NLAI): Construction and Validation." Sociological Journal 25, no. 3 (2019): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2019.25.3.6673.
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This article presents the results of constructing and validating the “Normless anomie index” (NLAI) sociological test, designed to measure the level of anomie among Russian-speaking and Ukrainian-speaking respondents. The theoretical validity of NLAI is based on an understanding of anomie that was proposed and detailed in the works of R. Merton. The content of the index is based on normless indicators presented in the articles of D. Dean, G. McCloskey and J. Shaar, as well as indicators presented in this article. The study is based on data from two surveys (November 2018, N = 600; April 2019, N = 600), which represent the adult population of Ukraine according to such parameters as age, gender, type of settlement and region of residence. For the purpose of empirical validation, the factor structure of the theoretical construct was analyzed (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and construct validity was confirmed based on indicators that describe respondents’ political consciousness and their social well-being (correlation analysis). Three versions of NLAI were tested: 1) based on indicators claiming the existence of norms, as well as based on indicators claiming the opposite (survey conducted in 2018); 2) based on indicators claiming only the absence of norms, with more specific wording (survey conducted in 2019); 3) based on indicators claiming only the absence of norms, with more abstract wording (survey conducted in 2019). A conclusion is made about the higher quality of the second version of NLAI. A classifier of answers to the NLAI indicators is proposed, which allows for categorizing respondents into four groups: anomic (predominance of answers which indicate the absence of norms), ambivalent (there are answers indicating both the absence of norms and their presence), undefined (answers prevail which indicate the absence of a clear position) and non-anomic (prevailing answers indicating the presence of norms).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Position anomère"
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Barbry, Didier. "Synthèse et étude structurale de thiazolidines substituées sur les positions 2, 4 ou 5." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10105.
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Synthèse de thiazolidines substituées par un ou plusieurs méthyle et par isopropyles, t-butyle ou phényle et éventuellement un ou plusieurs méthyle ; étude de structure en solution par RMN 1H, 13C, 15N et à l'état solide par diffraction Rx (pour la phényl-2 thiazolidine) ; discussion sur l'effet anomère
Book chapters on the topic "Position anomère"
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Walle, Alf H. "Positive Responses to Anomie." In Economic Development and Mental Illness, 35–45. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429298240-5.
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Abanoz, Ismet Nezih. "Economic Anomie and Suicide During War Times." In Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism, 167–83. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6741-1.ch009.
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The study consists of examining the relationship between suicides that took place in Turkey between 1975 and 2019, economic factors under the influence of wars, and crude suicide rates. In this context, the effects of factors such as unemployment, inflation, per capita gross domestic product, and economic crises on suicides are analyzed by the time series method. ARDL (auto regressive distributed lag bound test) was used in the study. It has been determined that suicides are positively related to the 1994 and 2001 economic crises during war times in Turkey. In addition, it has been contended that there is a positive relationship with the gross domestic product.
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Michalski, Jean-Claude, and Catherine Alonso. "HPLC of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides." In HPLC of Macromolecules, 171–202. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199635719.003.0007.
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Abstract Protein glycosylation is a major modification which occurs after translation. Carbohydrate chains (glycans) may be found linked to proteins in different ways with respect to the kind of amino acids that are modified. Commonly, carbohydrate chains may be found 0-linked to serine or threonine residues, or N-linked to proteins at Asn-X-Ser (Thr) sequons (1, 2). Glycans present a great chemical diversity which results in the ability of monosaccharides to combine with each other in a variety of ways differing in sequence, anomery(o: or 13) position of linkages, branching points, and chain length. Additive substitution by sulfate. phosphate, acetyl, or methyl groups of the different monosaccharides considerably increase the structural diversity. There are four major classes of N-linked glycans: oligomannose type (high-mannose type), so-called N-acety1lactosaminic type (complex type), polylactosaminic type and hybrid type (3) (Figure I). O-glycans present a greater diversity and are generally subdivided into different classes according to common cores (4) (Figure 2).
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Frey, Perry A., and Adrian D. Hegeman. "Glycosyl Group Transferases." In Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0016.
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Glycosyl group transfer underlies the biosynthesis and breakdown of all nucleotides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosylated nucleic acids, as well as certain DNA repair processes. Glycosyl transfer consists of the transfer of the anomeric carbon of a sugar derivative from one acceptor to another, as in, which describes the transfer of a generic pyranosyl ring between nucleophilic atoms :X and :Y of acceptor molecules. The stereochemistry at the anomeric carbon is not specified in eq. 12-1, but the leaving group occupies the axial position in an α-anomer or the equatorial position in a β-anomer. The overall transfer can proceed with either retention or inversion of configuration. In biochemistry, the acceptor atoms can be oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or in the biosynthesis of C-nucleosides even carbon. The great majority of biological glycosyl transfer reactions involve transfer between oxygen atoms of different acceptor molecules. Enzymes catalyzing glycosyl transfer are broadly grouped according to whether the acceptor :Y–R2 in is water or another molecule. In the actions of glycosidases, the acceptor is water, and glycosyl transfer results in hydrolysis of a glycoside, a practically irreversible process in dilute aqueous solutions. In the action of glycosyltransferases, the acceptors are molecules with hydroxyl, amide, amine, sulfhydryl, or phosphate groups. The simplest nonenzymatic glycosyl transfer reaction is the hydrolysis of a glycoside, and early studies revealed the fundamental fact that glycosides are much less reactive toward hydrolysis in basic solutions than in acidic solutions. This fact underlies much that is known about the mechanism of glycosyl transfer; that is, the anomeric carbon of a glycoside is remarkably unreactive toward direct nucleophilic attack, but it becomes reactive when one of the oxygens is protonated by an acid, as illustrated in fig. 12-1 for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a generic glycoside. The reaction by both mechanisms in fig. 12-1 proceeds by pre-equilibrium protonation of the glycoside to form oxonium ion intermediates, which are subject to hydrolysis by water. The two mechanisms in fig. 12-1 are of interest. The mechanism proceeding through exocyclic cleavage of the glycoside has historically been regarded as the more likely, and for this reason, the route through endocyclic cleavage has received little consideration.
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Ushiyama, Rin. "Shock and Anger: Societal Responses to the Tokyo Subway Attack." In Aum Shinrikyo and religious terrorism in Japanese collective memory, 52–80. British Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267370.003.0004.
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This chapter details the months leading up to the March 1995 Tokyo sarin subway attack and the social responses to the attack in the immediate aftermath. This chapter reconstructs the societal responses to the Aum Affair, mainly focusing on mass media and state reactions in public discourse. It shows that the mass media and the government alike quickly converged on the narrative of an evil ‘brainwashing cult’ plotting to take over Japan by force. As the Aum Affair quickly became a media spectacle inundating the news every day, the narrative of Aum as a ‘brainwashing cult’ became the predominant narrative frame through which Aum Affair was debated. As ordinary members placed the blame on the senior leadership, Asahara became a demonic figure with no redeeming qualities, a symbol of ‘sacred evil’ diametrically opposed to Japan's positive civil values. The Aum Affair prompted critical examinations about the causes of Aum's growth, which commentators attributed to various causes including anomie, the education system, popular culture, and transnational religious developments.
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Griffin, Roger. "Ernst Nolte, Resisting Transcendence." In Fascism, 297. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192892492.003.0167.
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Abstract It is common to attribute to Three Faces of Fascism (1965) by the West German scholar Ernst Nolte the merit of reviving scholarly interest in generic fascism and establishing the need to take fascist ideology seriously. The work concentrates on underlying parallels between the Action Fra1tfaise (which most historians do not consider to have been a fascist movement), Fascism, and Nazism. In the concluding section he erects a highly abstract theory of generic fascism which centres on its anti-Marxism (though stressing its underlying kinship with Marxism), and its bid to ‘resist transcendence’. By this he seems to mean that fascism aimed to reverse or find a refage from the forces of secularization, democratization, and globalization-sometimes equated with ‘modernization’-which both in theory (that is, ideologically) and in practice (the type of society created) have led to the breakdown of the closed material and spiritual social system of tradition. In other words Nolte’s theory is a highly abstruse and convoluted version of the common theory of fascism as a bourgeois revolt against Enlightenment rationalism (Text 148) and modernization (Text 16o), a position which obscures the fact that fascism offers to believers both its own form of transcendence from the anomie of modern society (Text 157), and an alternative form of modernity (Text 161). Nor was its social basis only middle-class.
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Cruickshank, Ruth. "Weighing up the Potential of Literary Consumption." In Leftovers, 163–98. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620672.003.0006.
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Houellebecq’s La Carte et le territoire/The Map and the Territory (2010) provocatively problematizes the potential of art, literature and the French economy in the global marketplace. Meals and drinks in bars, cafés, restaurants, luxury hotels and the home of a soon-to-be-murdered fictional Houellebecq are the premise for discussions of late capitalism, whilst unwittingly – along with the dislocated gastro-anomie embodied by supermarket shopping and excessive drinking – underscoring how lack imbues twenty-first-century relationships. Literary intertexts related to food and drink expose the problematics of the consumption of the writer in the twenty-first-century marketplace, yet artfully distance the writer from some very problematic discourses. Traces and remainders in leftover bits and pieces of charcuterie and questionable fusion food which pepper the novel magnify Houellebecq’s attempts to represent the world with scraps of more or less throwaway culture. These – deliberately or not – both evoke catastrophic excesses of late capitalism and the interpretative and transformative potential of representations of eating and drinking (although not ecocritical concerns about the planet). Although evoking global systems of exploitative violence fuelling the twenty-first century’s economics of excess, analyses of food and drink in the novel reveals a more positive conclusion: that writing can still create from remainders, whatever the market conditions.
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Ritivoi, Andreea Deciu. "Found in Translation." In The Use and Abuse of Stories, 202—C9P84. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571026.003.0010.
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Abstract The role of storytelling in shaping but also manipulating emotions in individuals and groups is widely acknowledged. Focusing on the positive affective use of storytelling and often extending this aspect to the domain of ethics, stories were seen as fostering emotions that can make readers better people. However, critics have pointed out that narrative practice offers no ethical guarantees and that the circulation of emotion through storytelling can be manipulative or abusive as much as liberating. Narrative empathy is a case in point: believed to increase social cohesion and promote a peaceful politics, it has also been attacked for its moral indiscriminateness (e.g., the potential to make us adopt the perspective of a villain rather than a hero), its sociopolitical anomie (feeling sorry for another might not result in action that alleviates their suffering), and even its self-destructive potential (feeling too much empathy can end up eroding our sense of self). In defense of an empathy that takes into account the possibility of misuse (even abuse) and prepares us to avoid it, the author employs solicitude, as articulated by Paul Ricoeur, as a way of positioning the self in an empathic relation to another but under conditions of respect and autonomy for all individuals. The author draws on Ricoeur’s notion of linguistic hospitality as the task of translation to show how narratives of the other—especially narratives of migration—can be a key resource in creating what Ricoeur calls “just institutions.”