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Journal articles on the topic 'Position 2'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Balamurugan, S., A. Thiruvalluvar, A. Manimekalai, K. Selvaraju, and T. Maruthavanan. "1-Acetyl-3-ethyl-r-2,c-6-di-2-furylpiperidin-4-one." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 5 (April 26, 2006): o2005—o2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806013407.

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In the title molecule, C17H19NO, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. The acetyl group in the 1-position and ethyl group in the 3-position each have an equatorial orientation. The furyl rings at positions 2 and 6 have axial orientations.

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2

Philipp, Gunnar, Sigrid Wocadlo, Werner Massa, Kurt Dehnicke, Dieter Fenske, Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer, Elke Niquet, and Joachim Strähle. "Die Kristallstrukturen von [MoCl2(NO)2(OPEt3)]2, [MoCl3(NO)(OPPh3)2•MoCl4(OPPh3)2], [MoCl2(NO)(PPh3)2(CH3CN)] und [MoCl4(NPPh3)(OPPh3)] / The Crystal Structures of [MoCl2(NO)2(OPEt3)]2, [MoCl3(NO)(OPPh3)2 • MoCl4(OPPh3)2], [MoCl2(NO)(PPh3)2(CH3CN)], and [MoCl4(NPPh3)(OPPh3)]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0102.

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The title compounds have been prepared by reactions of MoCl2(NO)2 with PPh3, OPPh3, or Me3SiNPR3 (R = Et, Ph) in dichloromethane and acetonitrile suspension, respectively. All complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by crystal structure determinations. [MoCl2(NO)2(OPEt3)]2: Space group C2/c, Z = 4, 2950 observed unique reflections, R = 0.029. Lattice dimensions at —70 °C: a = 2390.5(11), b = 875.5(5), c = 1399.1(6) pm, β = 113.18(2)°. The complex forms a centrosymmetric dimer with MoCl2Mo bridges, the nitrosyl groups being in a cis-arrangement. The OPEt3 ligand is coordinated in trans position to one of the nitrosyl ligands.[MoCl3(NO)(OPPh3)2 • MoCl4(OPPh3)2]: Space group P21/c, Z = 4, 10243 observed unique reflections, R = 0.060. Lattice dimensions at —60 °C: a = 1900.4(3), b = 1689.1(5), c = 2209.3(7) pm, β = 95.92(2)°. The structure consists of the two independent complexes [MoCl3(NO)(OPPh3)2] and [MoCl4(OPPh3)2]. In both complexes the OPPh3 groups are in a cis-arrangement at the octahedrally coordinated Mo atoms; in the nitrosyl complex one of the OPPh3 molecules is in trans-position to the nitrosyl ligand.[MoCl2(NO)(PPh3)2(CH3CN)]: Space group P21/n, Z = 4, 5107 observed unique reflections, R = 0.028. Lattice dimensions at 20 °C: a = 1006.5(2), b = 1527.2(2), c = 2342.3(2) pm, β = 90.97(1)°. The PPh3 molecules are in trans-positions to one another at the octahedrally coordinated Mo atom, whereas the acetonitrile molecule is in trans-position to the nitrosyl ligand.[MoCl4(NPPh3)(OPPhi)]: Space group P21, Z = 2, 3323 observed unique reflections, R = 0.057. Lattice dimensions at —70 °C: a = 985.7(8), b = 1471.2(9), c = 1215.9(11) pm, β = 100.50(3)°. The OPPh3 molecule coordinates in trans-position to the phosphorane iminato ligand at the octahedrally coordinated Mo atom.

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3

Nechiporenko, Alexander V. "The Concept of Position and Positional Thinking." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 18, no. 2 (2020): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2020-18-2-195-207.

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The paper elaborates on and develops the concept of “position”. Drawing on the examples from the history of science and philosophy from G. Galileo to the works of the Moscow Methodological Circle in the second half of the 60s - early 70s of the 19th century the author considers the cultural phenomenon of positional thinking. Special attention is paid to the philosophy of I.G. Fichte. An assumption is made and substantiated that Fichte’s dialectics is a model of specifically positional thinking and provides a basis for determining the objective content of the concept of “position”. The paper also describes the context of the emergence of positional schemes, their specific structure and use in the works of MMK as a normative-logical apparatus, an alternative to formal logic. It also outlines the area of topical problems associated with the concept of “position”.

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4

Bourque, S. N., J. R. Valero, M. C. Lavoie, and R. C. Levesque. "Comparative Analysis of the 16S to 23S Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Sequences of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains and Subspecies and of Closely Related Species." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61, no. 7 (July 1995): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.7.2811-2811b.1995.

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Volume 61, no. 4, p. 1624, column 2, lines 38-41: The sentence should read "For example, at position 21, the G nucleotide (Fig. 1) was present in all the ISR B. thuringiensis subspecies except for B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (Te4), which contained an A." Page 1624, column 2, line 45: "Position 62" should read "position 11." Page 1624, column 2, line 47: "Position 90" should read "position 39." Page 1624, column 2, line 49: "Position 83" should read "position 32." Page 1625, column 1, line 3: "Position 83" should read "position 32." Page 1626, column 1, line 1: "Positions 62, 90, and 165, and one deletion at position 83" should read "positions 11, 39, and 114, and one deletion at position 32." [This corrects the article on p. 1623 in vol. 61.].

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5

Chang, H. Chris. "Sudden position guide to collection management (ALCTS sudden position series, 2)." Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship 34, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1941126x.2022.2064143.

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6

Feng, Xiao Mei, Li Shun Li, Zhan Dong Liu, and Da Wei Zhang. "The Position Plane Distortion Study of 2-DOF Precision Position Table." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.267.

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A new 2-DOF precision positioning table of high speed and accuracy, directly driven by voice coil actuator, is put forward. And a novel elastic decoupling mechanism is introduced in the table. In order to study its dynamic characteristic when the table works at high speed and high acceleration, the table FEA model is built and the FEA is carried out. Based on the FEA results, the position planes displacement on X, Y and Z axis of the 2-DOF table is simulated respectively, the simulation results can provide reference for the table dynamic structural design.

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7

D'Eon, Stephen P. "Accuracy and signal reception of a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71192-2.

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Accurate and precise reporting of forest survey locations is required to integrate forest survey data with Geographical Information Systems. The accuracies of five Global Positioning System (GPS) survey methods using a hand-held receiver were tested in a mixed forest of trembling aspen and spruce. Accuracy improved by eliminating positions obtained under poor satellite configurations and by using position averaging methods. Single fix positions, taking as little as two minutes to obtain, yielded better than 100m accuracy more than 80% of the time. Allowing the receiver to continuously collect fixes for 15 to 30 minutes and then averaging the fixes yielded a median position error of 17 m. Sixty one stands representing a diversity of cover types, canopy heights, and crown closure in the Petawawa Research Forest were tested during June and July of 1992 for canopy interference with GPS signals. A GPS position was obtained under the canopy in 74% of the stands. Launches of additional GPS satellites since the summer of 1992 have further improved the probability of obtaining accurate geographical positions under forest canopies. Key words: global positioning system, position accuracy, signal reception, canopy interference

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8

Kaatz, Brian. "Position 2: Pharmacist should assist physicians." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 47, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/47.4.813.

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9

Galobardes, B. "Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2)." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 60, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.028092.

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10

Kelly, William N. "Position 2: Pharmacist Should not Intervene." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/50.1.110.

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11

Cortés, C., A. Márquez, and J. Valenzuela. "Euclidean position in Euclidean 2-orbifolds." Computational Geometry 27, no. 1 (January 2004): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comgeo.2003.07.004.

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12

Dai, Xiaoqiang, Yabo Zhu, Zhouyang Wang, and Jianquan Weng. "Progress in 2-Position Functionalized Synthesis of 2-Substitutedbenzothiazoles." Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 37, no. 8 (2017): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc201703034.

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13

Akabane-Nakata, Masaaki, Namrata D. Erande, Pawan Kumar, Rohan Degaonkar, Jason A. Gilbert, June Qin, Martha Mendez, et al. "siRNAs containing 2′-fluorinated Northern-methanocarbacyclic (2′-F-NMC) nucleotides: in vitro and in vivo RNAi activity and inability of mitochondrial polymerases to incorporate 2′-F-NMC NTPs." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 5 (February 12, 2021): 2435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab050.

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Abstract We recently reported the synthesis of 2′-fluorinated Northern-methanocarbacyclic (2′-F-NMC) nucleotides, which are based on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold. Here, we analyzed RNAi-mediated gene silencing activity in cell culture and demonstrated that a single incorporation of 2′-F-NMC within the guide or passenger strand of the tri-N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated siRNA targeting mouse Ttr was generally well tolerated. Exceptions were incorporation of 2′-F-NMC into the guide strand at positions 1 and 2, which resulted in a loss of the in vitro activity. Activity at position 1 was recovered when the guide strand was modified with a 5′ phosphate, suggesting that the 2′-F-NMC is a poor substrate for 5′ kinases. In mice, the 2′-F-NMC-modified siRNAs had comparable RNAi potencies to the parent siRNA. 2′-F-NMC residues in the guide seed region position 7 and at positions 10, 11 and 12 were well tolerated. Surprisingly, when the 5′-phosphate mimic 5′-(E)-vinylphosphonate was attached to the 2′-F-NMC at the position 1 of the guide strand, activity was considerably reduced. The steric constraints of the bicyclic 2′-F-NMC may impair formation of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the vinylphosphonate and the MID domain of Ago2. Molecular modeling studies explain the position- and conformation-dependent RNAi-mediated gene silencing activity of 2′-F-NMC. Finally, the 5′-triphosphate of 2′-F-NMC is not a substrate for mitochondrial RNA and DNA polymerases, indicating that metabolites should not be toxic.

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14

Dhamgaye, V. P., G. S. Lodha, and S. R. Kane. "Beam position measurements of Indus-2 using X-Ray beam position monitor." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 659, no. 1 (December 2011): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.08.044.

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15

Musahl, Volker, Anton Plakseychuk, Andrew Vanscyoc, Tomoyuki Sasaki, Richard E. Debski, Patrick J. Mcmahon, and Freddie H. Fu. "Varying Femoral Tunnels between the Anatomical Footprint and Isometric Positions." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 5 (May 2005): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504271747.

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Background Knee kinematics and in situ forces resulting from anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with 2 femoral tunnel positions were evaluated. Hypothesis A graft placed inside the anatomical footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament will restore knee function better than a graft placed at a position for best graft isometry. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Ten cadaveric knees were tested in response to a 134-N anterior load and a combined 10-N·m valgus and 5-N·m internal rotation load. A robotic universal force-moment sensor testing system was used to apply loads, and resulting kinematics were recorded. An active surgical robot system was used for positioning tunnels in 2 locations in the femoral notch: inside the anatomical footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament and a position for best graft isometry. The same quadrupled hamstring tendon graft was used for both tunnel positions. The 2 loading conditions were applied. Results At 30° of knee flexion, anterior tibial translation in response to the anterior load for the intact knee was 9.8 ± 3.1 mm. Both femoral tunnel positions resulted in significantly higher anterior tibial translation (position 1: 13.8 ± 4.6 mm; position 2: 16.6 ± 3.7 mm; P <. 05). There was a significant difference between the 2 tunnel positions. At the same flexion angle, the anterior tibial translation in response to the combined load for the intact knee was 7.7 ± 4.0 mm. Both femoral tunnel positions resulted in significantly higher anterior tibial translation (position 1: 10.4 ± 5.5 mm; position 2: 12.0 ± 5.2 mm; P <. 05), with a significant difference between the tunnel positions. Conclusion Neither femoral tunnel position restores normal kinematics of the intact knee. A femoral tunnel position inside the anatomical footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament results in knee kinematics closer to the intact knee than does a tunnel position located for best graft isometry. Clinical Relevance Anatomical femoral tunnel position is important in reproducing function of the anterior cruciate ligament.

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16

Váchal, Petr, Pavel Pihera, and Jiří Svoboda. "Thieno[3,2-b]benzofuran - Synthesis and Reactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 9 (1997): 1468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19971468.

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Thieno[3,2-b]benzofuran was synthesized starting from benzo[b]furan-3(2H)-one or benzo[b]furan-2-carbaldehyde. Electrophilic substitution reactions such as bromination, formylation, acetylation or nitration, take place in position 2. An electron donating group in position 2 directs further electrophilic substitution into positions 3 and 6, whereas compounds with an electron acceptor in position 2 are substituted exclusively in position 6. Metallation with butyllithium took place in position 2. The 1H and 13C NMR signals of the title compound were fully assigned.

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17

Terada, Makiko, Toshiro Kuroda, Shin-ichi Matsuyama, and Hajime Tokuda. "Lipoprotein Sorting Signals Evaluated as the LolA-dependent Release of Lipoproteins from the Cytoplasmic Membrane ofEscherichia coli." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 50 (October 9, 2001): 47690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109307200.

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Escherichia colilipoproteins are anchored to either the inner or outer membrane through fatty acyl chains covalently attached to an N-terminal cysteine. Aspartate at position 2 functions to retain lipoproteins in the inner membrane, although the retention is perturbed depending on the residue at position 3. We previously revealed that LolCDE and LolA play critical roles in this lipoprotein sorting. To clarify the sorting signals, the LolA-dependent release of lipoprotein derivatives having various residues at positions 2 and 3 was examined in spheroplasts. When the residue at position 3 was serine, only aspartate at position 2 caused the retention of lipoproteins in spheroplasts. We then examined the release of derivatives having aspartate at position 2 and various residues at position 3. Strong inner membrane retention occurred with a limited number of species of residues at position 3. These residues were present at position 3 of native lipoproteins having aspartate at position 2, whereas residues that inhibited the retention were not. It was also found that a strong inner membrane retention signal having residues other than aspartate at position 2 could be formed through the combination of the residues at positions 2 and 3. These results indicate that the inner membrane localization of native lipoproteins is ensured by the use of a limited number of strong inner membrane retention signals.

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18

Challen, John. "Pole Position." Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology International 2022, no. 3 (November 2022): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1467-5560(23)60188-5.

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19

&NA;, &NA;. "NLN SWITCHES POSITION, BACKS 2 ENTRY LEVELS." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 86, no. 1 (January 1986): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-198601000-00032.

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20

Papadimos, Thomas J., Evadne G. Marcolini, Mehrnaz Hadian, George E. Hardart, Nicholas Ward, Mitchell M. Levy, Stanislaw P. Stawicki, and Judy E. Davidson. "Ethics of Outbreaks Position Statement. Part 2." Critical Care Medicine 46, no. 11 (November 2018): 1856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000003363.

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21

McCart, Gary M. "Position 2: Pharmacist must serve all patients." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/47.1.152.

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22

Kaatz, Brian. "Position 2: The patient is Medically Suitable." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 48, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 741–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/48.4.741.

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23

Penny, John. "Position 2: Pharmacist should administer controlled substances." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/49.1.128.

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24

Warnock, Allison C., and Beth Barham. "Position 2: Patient confidentiality should be breached." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 865–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/49.4.865.

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25

Hammer, Lisa M. "Position 2: Pharmacist should not dispense drug." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 51, no. 13 (July 1, 1994): 1681–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/51.13.1681.

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26

Samuel D., Urersky. "Position 2: Pharmacist should not dispense sedative." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 51, no. 2 (January 15, 1994): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/51.2.207.

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27

Mariano, David. "Position 2: Pharmacist should not lend drug." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 51, no. 8 (April 15, 1994): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/51.8.1027.

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28

Luca, Joan. "Position 2: Pharmacist should not relabel bag." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 52, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/52.2.198.

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29

Shaik, Ahmed Asif, Nkgatho Sylvester Tlale, and Glen Bright. "2 DOF resolution adjustment laser position sensor." International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications 8, no. 1/2/3/4 (2010): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijista.2010.030215.

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30

Haupt, Bridget A. "Position 2: Pharmacist should make physician wait." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 53, no. 21 (November 1, 1996): 2615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/53.21.2615.

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31

Schwarz, Lewis R. "Position 2: Director should not request resignation." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 53, no. 7 (April 1, 1996): 761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/53.7.761.

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32

Bouayad, Kaoutar, Youssef Kandri Rodi, Youness Ouzidan, El Mokhtar Essassi, Mohamed Saadi, and Lahcen El Ammari. "Crystal structure of 5-chloro-1,3-bis[2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2(3H)-one." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 10 (September 12, 2015): o735—o736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015016102.

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In the title compound, C17H19ClN4O5, the benzimidazole fused-ring system is essentially planar, the maximum deviation from the mean plane being 0.06 (1) Å. Both oxazolidine rings are nearly planar, the maximum deviations from the mean planes are 0.071 (13) and 0.070 (10) Å. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the oxazolidine rings is 69.9 (7)°. The benzimidazole mean plane makes the dihedral angles of 43.9 (6) and 45.6 (6)° with the two oxazolidine rings. In the crystal, the molecules are linked together by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds building zigzag tapes running along thecaxis. The Cl atom is split over two positions with an occupancy ratio of 0.567 (7):0.433 (7). This means that the reaction yields two isomers,AandB; theAcomponent has the Cl-atom substituent in the 5-position of the benzimidazolone ring and theBcomponent has the Cl atom in the 6-position. The two isomers form the disordered co-crystal, with a nearly half Cl atom in each of them, as indicated by the occupancy ratio. The crystal structure was refined as an inversion twin.

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33

Suwada, T., N. Kamikubota, H. Fukuma, N. Akasaka, and H. Kobayashi. "Stripline-type beam-position-monitor system for single-bunch electron/positron beams." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 440, no. 2 (February 2000): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00960-2.

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34

Akkurt, Mehmet, Shaaban K. Mohamed, Antar A. Abdelhamid, Abdel-Aal M. Gaber, and Mustafa R. Albayati. "9-(3-Bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-10-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,6-diphenyl-3,4,9,10-tetrahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 6 (May 17, 2014): o663—o664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814010460.

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In the title compound, C33H27BrClNO4, the dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. The molecular conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond, with anS(8) ring motif. In the crystal, O—H...O, C—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, and C—H...π interactions link the molecules, forming a three-dimensional network. In the acridinedione ring system, the two ring C atoms at the 2- and 3-positions, and the C atom at the 6-position and the atoms of the phenyl ring attached to the C atom at the 6-position are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy ratios of 0.783 (5):0.217 (5) and 0.526 (18):0.474 (18), respectively.

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35

K. L. Fung, Anthony, and Linus L. Shen. "The 2-Pyridone Antibacterial Agents: 8-Position Modifications." Current Pharmaceutical Design 5, no. 7 (July 1999): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612805666230110213026.

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Improved potency against multiply resistant streptococci and anaerobic microorganisms relative to current antibiotics has been sought by many laboratories around the world. As one result of attempts to prepare analogs of 4-quinolone anti infectives bearing novel ring systems, the 2-pyridones were discovered. The 2- pyridones, which are bioisosteres of 4-quinolones, are highly active against a wide range of resistant strains of bacteria. Several hundreds of 2-pyridones have been synthesized incorporating modifications at various positions. In order to reduce the complexity of this review, only the widely adopted 8-position modifications (corresponding to the 7-position of the quinolones) will be discussed here. From scientific publications and patents, it is clear that many of the 2-pyridones are very promising candidates and yet only selective members of these compounds have been advanced to detailed preclinical trials. Among the promising candidates, A-170568 was demonstrated to have the best overall profile in terms of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities, safety profile, and tissue penetration.

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36

Kirstukas, S. J., J. L. Lewis, and A. G. Erdman. "6R Instrumented Spatial Linkages for Anatomical Joint Motion Measurement—Part 2: Calibration." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895432.

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The six-revolute-joint instrumented spatial linkage (6R ISL) is often the measurement system of choice for monitoring motion of anatomical joints. However, due to tolerances of the linkage parameters, the system may not be as accurate as desired. A calibration algorithm and associated calibration device have been developed to refine the initial measurements of the ISL’s mechanical and electrical parameters so that the measurement of six-degree-of-freedom motion will be most accurate within the workspace of the anatomical joint. The algorithm adjusts the magnitudes of selected linkage parameters to reduce the squared differences between the six known and calculated anatomical position parameters at all the calibration positions. Weighting is permitted so as to obtain a linkage parameter set that is specialized for measuring certain anatomical position parameters. Output of the algorithm includes estimates of the measuring system accuracy. For a particular knee-motion-measuring ISL and calibration device, several interdependent design parameter relationships have been identified. These interdependent relationships are due to the configuration of the ISL and calibration device, the number of calibration positions, and the limited resolution of the devices that monitor the position of the linkage joints. It is shown that if interdependence is not eliminated, then the resulting ISL parameter set will not be accurate in measuring motion outside of the calibration positions, even though these positions are within the ISL workspace.

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37

Çelik, Ísmail, Cem Cüneyt Ersanlı, Mehmet Akkurt, Hayrettin Gezegen, and Rahmi Köseoğlu. "Crystal structure of racemic [(1R,2S,3R,4S,6S)-2,6-bis(furan-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-4-(thiophen-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,3-diyl]bis(thiophen-2-ylmethanone)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 7 (June 17, 2016): 976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016009452.

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In the title compound, C28H22O5S3, the central cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The atoms of the furan ring attached to the 6-position of the central cyclohexane ring are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.832 (5) and 0.168 (5). The hydroxy group is disordered over two positions (at the 4- and 6-positions of the cyclohexane ring) in the ratio 0.832 (5):0.168 (5). In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions, forming layers parallel to (100).

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Gąsior, Jakub S., Mariusz Pawłowski, Craig A. Williams, Marek J. Dąbrowski, and Eugene A. Rameckers. "Assessment of maximal isometric hand grip strength in school-aged children." Open Medicine 13, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2018-0004.

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AbstractBackgroundHand grip strength (HGS) test is commonly used as an indicator of overall muscle strength in medical and sport practices. Recently, several studies have proposed that the measurement of the maximal HGS depends on dynamometer’s handle position. The aim of the present study was to identify the optimal handle position to obtain maximal HGS using the hand grip dynamometer (HGD) for school-aged children.MethodsHGS was assessed with the Jamar digital HGD. Each participant performed three maximum contractions of each hand on three handle positions progressing from first to third position.ResultsA total of 135 healthy children aged 5–9 years participated in the study. Participants obtained significantly higher results using position 2 than using positions 1 or 3. The maximal mean (± SD) HGS achieved was 9.9 (± 3.1) kg with position 1, 10.4 (± 3.1) kg with position 2, and 9.0 (± 3.2) kg with position 3. Handle position 2 was the most comfortable position for 73% of participants.ConclusionsOur results provide useful methodological information indicating that the second handle position of the Jamar digital HGD is optimal to measure maximal HGS in non-athletic healthy pediatric participants aged 5–9 years.

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De Bernardo, Maddalena De, Giulia Abbinante, Maria Borrelli, Margherita Di Di Stasi, Ferdinando Cione, and Nicola Rosa. "Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Standing, Sitting, and Supine Position: Comparison between Tono-Pen Avia and Icare Pro Tonometers." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 6234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216234.

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Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is influenced by body position. The purpose of this study is to compare the IOP measurements obtained with two different devices, to investigate IOP changes in standing, sitting, and supine positions. Methods: In this comparative prospective case series, IOP was measured in sitting, supine, prone, and standing (standing 1) positions and again five minutes after standing (standing 2), utilizing an Icare Pro (ICP) and a Tono-Pen Avia (TPA) in the 64 eyes of 32 healthy subjects. Results: Compared to the sitting position, both devices showed an increase in the IOP both in supine and standing 2 positions (p < 0.05). The mean IOP difference between the two devices was: in the sitting position, 0.57 ± 2.10 mmHg (range: −3.80 to 6.60 mmHg) (p < 0.05), in the supine position, 0.93 ± 2.49 mmHg (range: −4.50 to 7.10 mmHg) (p < 0.05), in the standing 1 position, 0.37 ± 1.96 mmHg (range: −5.20 to 5.00 mmHg) (p = 0.102), and in the standing 2 position 0.73 ± 2.03 mmHg (range: −4.5 to 6.4 mmHg) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results highlight an agreement between the TPA and ICP, both confirming not only the increase in IOP in the supine position, but also showing an increase in the standing 2 position. Therefore, it is suggested to perform such measurements in patients with glaucoma, to explain its progression in an apparently normal tension or in compensated patients.

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Kim, Soo-Yeon, and Yong-Soon Shin. "A Comparative Study of 2-Hour Interface Pressure in Different Angles of Laterally Inclined, Supine, and Fowler’s Position." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 9992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199992.

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Insufficient research exists for position change intervals to eradicate pressure ulcers. We tried to provide evidence for the position change interval by comparing peak pressure, risk area ratio, and the time to reach 30 mmHg and 60 mmHg, and presented this in detail, according to the angle in the three positions. The study conducted RCTs on a total of 64 healthy adults. For two hours, interface pressure measurements were compared with 30° and 90° tilting at the inclined, 0° and 45° head-of-bed (HOB) elevation at the supine, and 30° and 45° HOB elevation at the Fowler’s position. The peak pressure on 30° tilting remained less than 60 mmHg for 2 h, unlike 90° tilting. To reach 60 mmHg took 78.18 min at 30° tilting, within 30 min at the 30° supine, 30° and 45° at the Fowler’s position, and 39.55 min at 0° supine. The pressure difference according to the angles was only significant at 30° and 90° tilting, with no difference in the other groups. To prevent pressure ulcers, position changes are required every 2 h in the 30° tilting position, every 1.5 to 2 h at 0° supine, and at least every 1.5 h for all the other positions.

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Burkhart, Blakesley, A. Lazarian, Alyssa Goodman, and Erik Rosolowsky. "HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE IN POSITION-POSITION-VELOCITY SPACE." Astrophysical Journal 770, no. 2 (June 5, 2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/770/2/141.

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Munk Rösing, Lilian. "Könet är 2 kön. Om Luce Irigaray." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 23, no. 4 (June 15, 2022): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v23i4.4201.

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The essay is an attempt to explain the basic figures of thought involved in Luce Irigaray's ethics of sexual difference. It views Irigaray's position not as essentialist but rather as suggesting a third way between essentialism and constructivism: the psychoanalytical way with its partly phenomenological, partly constructivist concept of the body. Irigaray's body is not a biological essence, but rather a site of metaphorical material, that is a provider of forms through which the subject experiences herself and the other. Irigaray's truly deconstructive method is one of detecting the male anatomy and fantasy hidden in the canonical texts of our philosophical tradition and at the same time opening those texts so that they might contain the other position, that is a position based on female anatomical metaphors. Thus Irigaray introduces sexual difference into a patriarchal culture defined by monosexuality. The ethical implication of sexual difference is the knowledge that there are always 2 positions. This insisting on the number of 2 is the basic structural figure in Irigaray's thinking, opposed to the basic numbers of patriarchy: 1 (monosexuality; imaginary unity) and 3 (teleological and oedipal triangles). The essay concentrates on Irigaray's readings of Plato and Aristotle in her Ethics of Sexual Difference.

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Koga, Shunsaku, Tomoyuki Shiojiri, Manabu Shibasaki, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshiyuki Fukuba, and Thomas J. Barstow. "Kinetics of oxygen uptake during supine and upright heavy exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.253.

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It is presently unclear how the fast and slow components of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙o 2) kinetics would be altered by body posture during heavy exercise [i.e., above the lactate threshold (LT)]. Nine subjects performed transitions from unloaded cycling to work rates representing moderate (below the estimated LT) and heavy exercise (V˙o 2 equal to 50% of the difference between LT and peakV˙o 2) under conditions of upright and supine positions. During moderate exercise, the steady-state increase in V˙o 2was similar in the two positions, butV˙o 2 kinetics were slower in the supine position. During heavy exercise, the rate of adjustment ofV˙o 2 to the 6-min value was also slower in the supine position but was characterized by a significant reduction in the amplitude of the fast component ofV˙o 2, without a significant slowing of the phase 2 time constant. However, the amplitude of the slow component was significantly increased, such that the end-exerciseV˙o 2 was the same in the two positions. The changes inV˙o 2 kinetics for the supine vs. upright position were paralleled by a blunted response of heart rate at 2 min into exercise during supine compared with upright heavy exercise. Thus the supine position was associated with not only a greater amplitude of the slow component forV˙o 2 but also, concomitantly, with a reduced amplitude of the fast component; this latter effect may be due, at least in part, to an attenuated early rise in heart rate in the supine position.

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Yates, Darran. "A position on vision." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 19, no. 11 (October 9, 2018): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0076-2.

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Butcher, Ray J., and William Towns. "Bis(2-{1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]propyl}phenolato)-1κ4 O,N,N′,O′;2κ4 O,N,N′,O′-methanol-2κO-μ-perchlorato-1:2κ2 O:O′-perchlorato-1κO-dicopper(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 31, 2007): m2863—m2864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807053500.

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The title compound, [Cu2(C13H18N2O2)2(ClO4)2(CH4O)], consists of two six-coordinate Jahn–Teller-distorted copper(II) complex units with the tetradentate ligand 2-{1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]propyl}phenolate observed in a planar coordination mode. Each copper center has octahedral coordination geometry. The complex units are axially connected by a bridging perchlorate anion. For one copper center, the other axial position is occupied by a terminal methanol molecule, while for the other copper center, the axial position is occupied by a weakly coordinated second perchlorate anion. As well as intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, the two Cu complex units are also linked by intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The four O atoms of one perchlorate are disordered over four positions; the site occupancy factors are 0.43. 0.25, 0.19 and 0.13.

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Zeng, Lijiang, and Deqiang Song. "Fringe position method for measuring the position of a tracking mirror." Measurement Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): N13—N16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/10/2/012.

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Nishida, Hiromi. "Conservation of Nucleosome Positions in Duplicated and Orthologous Gene Pairs." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/298174.

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Although nucleosome positions tend to be conserved in gene promoters, whether they are conserved in duplicated and orthologous genes is unknown. In order to elucidate how nucleosome positions are conserved between duplicated and orthologous gene pairs, I performed 2 comparative studies. First, I compared the nucleosome position profiles of duplicated genes in the filamentous ascomyceteAspergillus fumigatus. After identifying 63 duplicated gene pairs among 9630 protein-encoding genes, I compared the nucleosome position profiles of the paired genes. Although nucleosome positions are conserved more in gene promoters than in gene bodies, their profiles were diverse, suggesting evolutionary changes after gene duplication. Next, I examined the conservation of nucleosome position profiles in 347A. fumigatusorthologs ofS. cerevisiaegenes that showed notably high conservation of nucleosome positions between the parent strain and 2 deletion mutants. In only 11 (3.2%) of the 347 gene pairs, the nucleosome position profile was highly conserved (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient > 0.7). The absence of nucleosome position conservation in promoters of orthologous genes suggests organismal specificity of nucleosome arrangements.

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Höher, Jürgen, Akihiro Kanamori, Jennifer Zeminski, Freddie H. Fu, and Savio L.-Y. Woo. "The Position of the Tibia during Graft Fixation Affects Knee Kinematics and Graft Forces for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." American Journal of Sports Medicine 29, no. 6 (November 2001): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290061601.

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Ten cadaveric knees (donor ages, 36 to 66 years) were tested at full extension, 15°, 30°, and 90° of flexion under a 134-N anterior tibial load. In each knee, the kinematics as well as in situ force in the graft were compared when the graft was fixed with the tibia in four different positions: full knee extension while the surgeon applied a posterior tibial load (Position 1), 30° of flexion with the tibia at the neutral position of the intact knee (Position 2), 30° of flexion with a 67-N posterior tibial load (Position 3), and 30° of flexion with a 134-N posterior tibial load (Position 4). For Positions 1 and 2, the anterior tibial translation and the in situ forces were up to 60% greater and 36% smaller, respectively, than that of the intact knee. For Position 3, knee kinematics and in situ forces were closest to those observed in the intact knee. For Position 4, anterior tibial translation was significantly decreased by up to 2 mm and the in situ force increased up to 31 N. These results suggest that the position of the tibia during graft fixation is an important consideration for the biomechanical performance of an anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee.

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Dudley, Richard W. "Position 2: Physician's voting privileges should be restricted." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 2048–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/46.10.2048.

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Kaatz, Brian. "Position 2: Pharmacist has the right to refuse." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 46, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/46.7.1414.

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