Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Position 2'
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FREVILLE-HERENTHALS, STEPHANIE. "Synthese enantioselective d'alcaloides monosubstitues en position 2 et disubstitues en positions 2 et 6." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066557.
Full textOzkaya, Tugba. "Hezbollah And Its Position Towards Israel." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611119/index.pdf.
Full texton the other hand Israel regards Hezbollah to be the highest impact menace. Consequently, the thesis is finalized with outputs and predictions taking all historical and ideological aspects into concern.
Reed, Eric Christopher. "Improvement of MPEG-2 compression by position-dependent encoding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38823.
Full textKhalil, Ahmed. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues nucléosidiques fluorés en position 2' ou 3'." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20070/document.
Full textIn the first chapter, we presented the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as the therapies used to treat these diseases. In a second part, we discussed about the importance of the incorporation of fluorine atom into nucleoside analogues, and in a third part of this chapter, we presented the recent literature sources of the synthesis and biological activity of fluorinated nucleosides. In the second chapter, we designed and synthesized a series of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoro-threo-pyrimidine nucleosides by direct and rapid methodology and evaluated them for their inhibitory effects on a number of RNA and DNA viruses in cell culture experiments. None of these nucleoside derivatives showed any antiretroviral activity nor cytotoxicity. In the third chapter of this manuscript, we synthesized a new series of 2',3'-dideoxy-2'-fluoro-3'-(N-hydroxyimino),(N-methoxyimino) and (hydroxylamino)pyrim idine nucleosides and also evaluated for their inhibitory effects on a number of RNA and DNA viruses, without finding any activity or cytotoxicity
Kilic, Ergin. "Novel Position Measurement And Estimation Methods For Cnc Machine Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608762/index.pdf.
Full textGauthier, Florian. "Synthèse et propriétés d’ARNs modifiés en position 2’ via des ponts disulfures." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS120/document.
Full textRNAs are involved in numerous biological processes and can adopt different secondary structures. Thanks to their properties, they are powerful biological tools for diverse applications, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) for gene silencing. Modified RNAs have proven to be essential to improve their properties, and to facilitate the study of their biological and therapeutic functions.This manuscript reports the synthesis and properties of 2’-O-modified RNAs bearing disulfide-containing groups, sensitive to reductive environment.The first part describes the synthesis of siRNAs prodrugs bearing lipophilic benzyldithiomethyl groups. The thermal stability, the serum stability and the response to glutathione treatment of modified siRNAs are thoroughly investigated. The gene silencing and the gymnotic delivery of several siRNAs are assessed, and demonstrates promising results on Ewing’s sarcoma cell line.A second part concerns the co-delivery of siRNAs and a hydrophobic anti-cancer drug (doxorubicin) using a self-immolative spacer bearing disulfide bonds. The chemico-physical properties of these conjugates are determined and the recovery of native siRNA and doxorubicin in response to reductive treatment is highlighted.A third part presents the conjugation of RNAs to small molecules (sugars, coumarin, biotin, deoxycholic acid, glutathione) using disulfide linkages. The synthesis of the RNA conjugates and their release in reducing conditions are also demonstrated.The last part reports the synthesis and the impact of an intrastrand dimethylene disulfide bridge between 2’-O-positions of two adjacent nucleotides in an RNA duplex and in the loop of RNA hairpins. Then, the influence of this linkage on the folding of a biologically relevant RNA structure is reported. Finally, an application of a constrained hairpin as a fluorescent molecular beacon highlights its potential use in tools for understanding RNA folding and in probes for the detection of reducing reagents
Nashed, Salomé. "Étude fonctionnelle et évolutive du résidu situé en position 2 des protéines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS219.
Full textThe residue located at position 2 of proteins, following their initiator methionine, is a key signal for the co-translational recruitment of various modification enzymes that early impact their cellular fate (addressing, folding, half-life). Although the importance of this residue is established for a few proteins, its role at the global scale of the proteome and the nature of the selective pressures it may be subject to remain unexplored to this day. During my thesis, I used for the first time global analysis methodologies to conduct a functional and evolutionary study of the residue located at position 2 of proteins. I used two complementary in silico approaches developed in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The first approach I used is the study of modification enzymes whose recruitment depends on the residue at position 2 of their targets. I focused in particular on N-acetyltransferases. These enzymes have the same enzymatic activity of N-acetylation but target distinct subsets of proteins, and their deletions are associated with different phenotypes, raising the question of the specific role of each enzyme in cellular physiology. Through the analysis of experimental data related to these enzymes, I characterized their global selectivity in vivo and formally demonstrated that they indeed have differential physiological roles. The second approach I used is the study of the distribution of amino acids at position 2 in the proteome and in functional groups of proteins defined by the Gene Ontology. While current tools used to perform Gene Ontology analyses do not take into account the hierarchical structure of this resource, I developed an algorithm to synthesize and visualize the results obtained by such analyses to facilitate their interpretation. This approach allowed the identification of groups of proteins that present a distinct amino acid usage at position 2 compared to that observed in the proteome at this position. These two global analysis methods converged toward the same result, namely that mitochondrial precursors possessing an N-terminal addressing sequence (MTS for mitochondrial targeting sequence) exhibit at position 2 an overrepresentation of large hydrophobic residues, critical for their import into mitochondria and enabling their recognition by the NatC acetyltransferase. The amino acid bias at position 2 of MTS is highly conserved in the Saccharomycotina lineage and has partially evolved in humans and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. I also highlighted the existence of several categories of MTS depending on the nature of the residue they carry at position 2, which may indicate co-evolution of position 2 of MTS and their overall composition and raises the question of optimal properties of these sequences. Finally, I showed that yeast signal peptides and the chloroplast N-terminal addressing sequence in Arabidopsis thaliana also exhibit amino acid biases at position 2, suggesting that the residue at this position could play a key role in the recognition of these sequences by associated addressing and import systems
Bucurgat, Mahmut. "Study Of One Dimensional Position Dependent Effective Mass Problem In Some Quantum Mechanical Systems." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609405/index.pdf.
Full textdinger equation for some well known potentials, such as the deformed Hulthen, the Mie, the Kratzer, the pseudoharmonic, and the Morse potentials. Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to get energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions exactly. By introducing a free parameter in the transformation of the wave function, the position dependent effective mass problem is reduced to the solution of the Schrö
dinger equation for the constant mass case. At the same time, the deformed Hulthen potential is solved for the position dependent effective mass case by applying the method directly. The Morse potential is also solved for a mass distribution function, such that the solution can be reduced to the constant mass case.
Cagatay, Kartal. "Modeling, Identification And Real Time Position Control Of A Two-axis Gimballed Mirror System." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611668/index.pdf.
Full text/Simulink®
and MATLAB/Simulink/SimMechanics®
. Parameter estimations of the GMS and control system elements are achieved using MATLAB/Simulink Parameter Estimation Tool®
. The controller tuning is performed using the developed mathematical models in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Optimized digital PID controllers are implemented in the real-time control system. Performances of the controllers for both GMS axes are evaluated by both real system tests and simulation runs
and the results of these runs are compared. Controller performances under the effect of disturbances are analyzed by using the mathematical models developed in the MATLAB/ Simulink environment.
Jeannot, Frédéric. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues nucléosidiques incorporant le groupement trifluorométhyle en position 2' et 3'." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20117.
Full textCha, Jae H. "Application of the photodiode in design and implementation of a 2-D position detector." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020148/.
Full textEl, Barbry Houssam. "Découverte du rôle crucial du résidu en position 2 des séquences MTS d’adressage mitochondrial." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS035.
Full textMitochondria are complex organelles involving a thousand proteins, most of which are encoded in the nuclear genome. Their biogenesis has required the evolutionary development of efficient protein addressing and import systems, and failures of these systems are associated with serious pathologies, neuropathies, cardiovascular disorders, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.Many mitochondrial proteins have an N-terminal addressing sequence called MTS (Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence) which forms an amphiphilic alpha helix essential for their mitochondrial import. However, the sequence of the various MTSs is highly variable and their critical characteristics are not yet well understood. The starting point of my thesis was the discovery in yeast of an overrepresentation of 4 hydrophobic amino acids (F, L, I, W) at position 2 of the MTSs sequences. During my thesis, I was able to confirm the critical role of the nature of the residue in position 2 of the MTSs through directed mutagenesis experiments. Indeed, thanks to the development of an innovative system for screening import defects based on the functional rescue of the toxicity of a mitochondrial protein, I was able to observe that only residues overrepresented at position 2 of mitochondrial proteins allowed efficient import. My work has thus demonstrated the existence of strong evolutionary constraints at position 2 of MTSs, the understanding of which could ultimately be useful for optimising the mitochondrial addressing of therapeutic proteins in patients suffering from mitochondrial diseases
Smith, Brendan. "Life course socioeconomic position and type 2 diabetes: the experience of the Framingham Offspring Study." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66947.
Full textLa prévalence du diabète à l'échelle planétaire atteint maintenant des proportions épidémiques. Environ 90-95% des cas de diabète sont de type 2 et cette maladie affecte de manière disproportionnée les populations défavorisées. Afin d'examiner l'association de facteurs biographiques reliés à la position socio-économique (PSE) et l'incidence du diabète de type 2, une étude prospective portant sur 1,895 participants de la 'Framingham Offspring Study' a été menée. Trois cadres conceptuels épidémiologiques ont été utilisés pour abstraire la PSE : l'accumulation du risque, les périodes critiques et la mobilité sociale. Les résultats démontrent que l'exposition cumulée à une basse PSE accroît le risque de développer un diabète de type 2 chez la femme mais non chez l'homme. De plus, l'âge adulte est une période critique chez la femme durant laquelle l'exposition a une basse PSE (éducation et/ou occupation) augmente le risque de développer un diabète de type 2.
Morpeth, Alan George. "The synthesis and structural characterisation of isatogens substituted in the 2-position by nitrogen heterocycles." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328897.
Full textCarlier, Patrick. "Synthèse de piperidines et de perhydroazépines fonctionnalisées en position 2 et 3 leur application thérapeutique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376036222.
Full textAyoub, Farah. "Barnets position i LVU-domar : -En kritisk diskursanalys av förvaltningsrättens domar enligt 2 och 3 §§ LVU." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-89262.
Full textKarol, David. "Coalition management explaining party position change in American politics /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=994245991&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMuller, Sabine. "Régiochimie de l'attaque de l'indolizine par des réactifs électrophiles :les indolizines portant un groupe capteur en position 2." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212133.
Full textFoucart, Quentin. "Etude de la débenzylation régiosélective en position 2 de 1-C-allyl iminosucres pour l'introduction de diversité moléculaire." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2318.
Full textIminosugars constitute undoubtedly the most promising class of sugar analogues, their unique glycosidase and/or glycosyltransferase inhibition profile making them promising therapeutics. To generate more potent and selective inhibitors called C-glycoside iminosugars, introduction of a stable pseudoanomeric substituent is usually performed, the improved efficacy being attributed in part to the information brought by the aglycon moiety.The main challenge associated with this class of iminosugars C-glycosides is currently the design of efficient and general routes enabling introduction of structural diversity at a late stage from advanced synthons to accelerate the discovery of biologically relevant molecules. In this context, we have explored a strategy based on a regioselective debenzylation at C-2 and a stereocontrolled nucleophilic substitution assisted by the N-benzyl group. We have successfully applied this methodology on the C-allyl-1-deoxynojirimycin and extended it to several iminosugars in the piperidine and pyrrolidine series.The introduction of molecular diversity was performed from the C-allyl-1-deoxynojirimycin selectively O-debenzylated at position 2. We obtained several iminosugars in the D-gluco- and D-manno- series bearing various functionalities at position 2. This strategy allowed us to access a wide range of C-allyl iminosugars from one single synthon. We have also described the access to unknown bicyclic iminosugars starting from a C-allyl 2-keto iminosugar obtained by our regioselective debenzylative methodology
Gallezot, Jean-Dominique. "Quantification in vivo des récepteurs nicotiniques à l' acétylcholine cerébraux par tomographie d'émission de position." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066034.
Full textLavergne, Thomas. "Nouvelle méthode de synthèse d'ARN et préparation de prodrogues de siARN modifiés par des groupements acyloxyméthyle en position 2' des ribonucléosides." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20112.
Full textExpansion of RNA based technology has revived research for more powerful methodology for chemical RNA synthesis. Moreover, use of unmodified RNA as drug is restricted by poor cell permeation and low enzymatic stability in vivo. This work was related to these two challenges : find a new efficient strategy for chemical RNA synthesis and develop modified RNA in order to improve in vivo efficiency. Here, an original methodology for chemical RNA synthesis based on the protection of ribonucleosides 2'-hydroxyl by acetalester groups is presented. Thus, natural RNA heterosequences could be obtained with high purity and efficacy. This technology is currently under evaluation for commercial application. In a second part, we describe the synthesis of modified RNA bearing biolabile acetalester groups on nucleoside 2'-hydroxyl after full deprotection of other RNA functions. Synthesis and properties of this modified RNA, named pro-RNA in relation to their potential activity as siRNA prodrugs in RNA interference mechanism, are reported
Filloux, Nathalie. "Mono, di- et tetra- acridines [7,9-disubstituées pontées en position 2-] à potentialités anticancéreuses : synthèse-études physico-chimiques et biologiques : Nathalie Filloux." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30038.
Full textWe develop the synthesis of mono, di et tetra acridines compounds 7,9-disubstituted linked at position 2-. This work goes through the synthesis of two key intermediates : the 2-bromomethyl-9-chloro-7-methoxy acridine and the 9-chloro-2-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy acridine. Thus : - 6 series of diaminoalkane dimers and tetrameres are obtained by condensation between the 2-bromométhyl-9-chloro-7-méthoxy acridine and different diamino linear carbon chain -2 series of monoesters and 2 series of diesters , aliphatic or aromatic, by condensation of 9-chloro-2-hydroxyméthyl-7-méthoxy acridine with different acyle halides. For the mono and diesters compounds, a spectroscopic study, with UV absorbance and fluorescence measurements, is performed. We present also the first biological results
Arioli, F. "THE DOUBLE BOND IN Δ1-2 POSITION OF STEROIDS: A MATTER OF CONTROVERSY IN THE CONTROL OF ILLICIT TREATMENTS OF FARM ANIMALS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150192.
Full textOuairy, Cécile. "Synthèse de nouveaux glycoimidazoles, inhibiteurs potentiels de glycosidases : préparation et utilisation en synthèse de glutaconaldéhydes oxydés en position 2 et de N-acylaminopentadiénals." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750565.
Full textSteele, Christopher James. "Developing statistical models to assess the effects of socioeconomic position on the incidence of and outcome from type 2 diabetes in older adults." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728667.
Full textCiurea, Ancuta. "Synthèse de 2',3'-dideshydro-2',3'-didesoxynucleosides pyrimidiniques possédant un bras de liaison en position 5 de l'aglycone et d'hétérodimères comportant des inhibiteurs nucléosidiques et non nucléosidiques de la transcriptase inverse du virus HIV." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN4014.
Full textMialhe, Samuel. "Synthèse et étude de 2'-C-méthyl-β-D-ribonuléosides à visée anti-hépatite C : dérivés de l'imadazole, dérivés puriques modifiés en position 6, analogues 5'-phosphonates." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20158.
Full textZine, Khalid. "Synthèse régio- et stéréosélective du 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-énoate d'éthyle porteur d'un groupement tributylstannyl en position alpha ou bêta : réactivité cupro-catalysée des vinylétains en l'absence de complexes du palladium." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4044/document.
Full textThe development of a simple method to obtain perfluoroalkylated building blocks for their subsequent utilization in the synthesis of Rf-containing compounds is therefore essential to organofluorine chemistry. Perfluoroalkylated vinyl metals constitute an important class of these building blocks.In order to prepare a new perfluoroalkylated bulding blocks, we investigated transition metal-catalyzed-free hydrostannylation of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-ynoate 1. The hydrostannylation took place smoothly in the absence of additive, providing regioselectively high yields of the corresponding α or β stannylated alkenoates depending on the nature of the solvent used. Indeed, we have demonstrated that the hydrostannylation of 1 in hexane provided the β-stannylated product with high regioselectivity (>95%) and excellent yield (>97%). Using methanol as solvent, total α-regioselectivity of the hydrostannylation of 1 was observed, providing α -tributylstannylacrylate as the sole regioisomer in a nearly quantitative yield.Theses new vinyltins reagents readily undergo copper (I) catalyst coupling reactions with various electrophiles as allyl, propargyl, benzyl and alkynyl bromides to provide good yields of the new corresponding acrylates esters bearing a β-trifluoromethyl group.This method provided a new efficient entry to this important class of compounds
Guipert, Gaspard. "Reconstitution et position phylétique des restes crâniens de l'Homme de Tautavel (Arago 21-47) et de Biache-Saint-Vaast 2. Apports de l'imagerie et de l'analyse tridimensionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653112.
Full textBoudou, Valérie. "Synthèse et propriétés biologiques de Bêta-pentofurano-nucléosides de l'adénine d'énantiomérie non naturelle L : influence des substituants et des configurations en position(s) 2' et/ou 3'." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20185.
Full textZhang, Jidong. "Utilisation des N-oxydes dérivés d'amino-alcools pour la synthèse de N-H pyrrolidines substituées en position 2, 3 ou 4 et pour l'α-fonctionnalisation d'amines secondaires." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112213.
Full textAzomethine ylids generated from tertiary amine oxides by double deprotonation are the only azomethine ylids able to undergo intermolecular 3+2 cycloaddition with non-activated olefins. Thus, 3- or 4-substituted or 3, 4-disubstituted N-alkyl pyrrolidines can be obtained by a simple and direct method. It was important to develop this method for preparing N-H pyrrolidines found in natural products. In the first pan of this thesis, demethylation of N-methyl pyrrolidines was attempted using a variety of literature methods. However none of them appeared suitable for our purpose, mainly because of the lability of the 5 membered heterocyclic ring. Then, we looked for an amine oxide which could easily undergo 3+2 cycloaddition and whose N-alkyl group could be removed under mild conditions. We found that β-amino alcohol (protected) derived amine oxides gave good yields of the corresponding pyrrolidines. Hofmann elimination of the quatemary ammonium salt followed by debenzylation gave quantitatively the N-H pyrrolidines substituted in positions 2, 3 or 4. This methodology is used for the synthesis of a precursor of kainic acid and one of its analogues. In the second part, we propose an original and general method for functionalisation of secondary amines at α-position. β-amino alcohol (unprotected) derived amine oxides treated with t-butyllithium give oxazolidines after intramolecular trapping of the intermediate immonium by the alcoholate. Opening of the oxazolidine ring by a Grignard reagent and removal of the amino alcohol moiety (according to the sequence described above) give access to α-alkylated amines. Several exemples are reponed
Guipert, Gaspard. "Reconstitution et position phylétique des restes crâniens de l'homme de Tautavel (Arago 21-47) et de Biache-Saint-Vaast 2 : apports de l'imagerie et de l'analyse tridimensionnelles." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30050.
Full textWe studied the morphology of original fragments of two fossil specimens from the middle Pleistocene of France: Arago21-47, and Biache-Saint-Vaast 2 (unpublished specimen). Digital imagery allowed us to correct the deformations, to assemble the fragments and to propose cranial reconstructions after virtually taking the missing bones on other specimens from Middle Pleistocene. We plotted the 3D coordinates of landmarks taken on these reconstructions and on a group of representative Hominid fossils to use Procustes method on cranial modelling (TPS method and PCA) We noted important similarities in the spatial conformation of these two individuals the Neandertals and Ceprano 1. We therefore propose to consider Arago2M7 and Biache-Saint-Vaast2 as ancient and recent Homo heidelbergensis, to acknowledge the presence of a Neandertal-like conformation in Europe since the end of lower Pleistocene, to name Anteneandertal all fossil having this 3D morphology
Oldenborger, Greg Arthur. "Advances in electrical resistivity tomography : modeling, electrode position errors, time-lapse monitoring of an injection/withdrawal experiment, and solution appraisal /." ProQuest subscription required:, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1179956331&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8813&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textIncludes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 319-331). Also available online via the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database.
Huckle, Kiku E. "Which Catholic voters are "good" Catholics? a foundational comparison of voters' issue position and prioritization with Catholic social justice teaching /." Click here for download, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com.ps2.villanova.edu/pqdweb?did=2013968851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textSchäfer, Lawrence Ivan 1972. "The legal position of unmarried fathers in the adoption process after Fraser v Children's Court, Pretoria North, and others 1997 (2) SA 261 (CC) : towards a constitutionally-sound adoption statute." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003209.
Full textZervos, Michel. "Réactivité des aminonitriles vis à vis des cyclénones et comparaison avec celle des éthers de cyanhydrines : stéréochimie et conformation des cyclanones 2,3 disubstituées." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112007.
Full textThe present work describes the conjugate addition of latent acyl anion equivalents such as protected cyanohydrines and N-dialkyl aminonitriles to cyclic α,β unsaturated enones diversely substituted followed by protonation of the intermediate formed enolates. The reaction of benzoyl equivalents on α-substituted α-cyclénones leads to 1,4 adducts possessing a cis stereochemistry. The aminonitriles don't react with the β,β-disubstituted α-enones and these results are in contradiction with the literature data concerning similar reactions with the corresponding cyanohydrin ethers. Nevertheless, their reactivity towards sterically hindered α-enones is largely increased in the presence of Lewis acids. The trapping of the intermediate enolates with various electrophiles is also examined. In the case of protected cyanohydrines the alkylation with methyl iodide leads to the trans adducts whatever the ring size may be. On the contrary, when using an aminonitrile this reaction is limited to the five membered ring series. However, with a more reactive electrophile such as the ethyl bromoacetate we obtain the 2,3-disubstituted trans cyclohexanones. The reaction of aminonitriles acetyl equivalents on a-substituted a-cyclenones gives results comparable with those of the benzoyl equivalents while masked formyl anions lead to cis-trans mixtures. From all 1,4 adducts the corresponding 2-substituted 3-acyl cyclanones were prepared preserving their cis or trans stereochemistry except for the cyclopentanone series. The 1H NMR 2D configurational and conformational study of the 3-substituted 2-phenylseleno cyclohexanones showed a preference of the SePh group for the axial position. To explain these results we propose a stabilization resulting from an overlap of the σ* orbitals of the C-SePh bond with the π orbitals of the neighboring carbonyl
CHARREAU, PHILIPPE. "Etude de quelques reactions fondees sur le deplacement du groupe benzenesulfonyle par des carbenoides halogenes et d'autres reactifs organometalliques. Application a la preparation d'olefines fonctionnalisees et d'heterocycles substitues en position 2." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066064.
Full textMcQuade, Jennifer Helen. "The effect of the position of the zygomatic musculature of the experienced baritone singer on the voice spectra /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1331395521&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1197922335&clientId=22256.
Full textBonfim, Rafaela Neves. "Núcleos isotrópicos e positivos definidos sobre espaços 2-homogêneos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-22092017-105842/.
Full textIn this work we present a characterization for the continuous, isotropic and positive definite matrix-valued kernels on a compact two-point homogeneous space. After that, we consider the strict positive definiteness of the kernels, describing some independent sufficient conditions for that property to hold. In the case the space is not a sphere, one of the conditions becomes necessary and sufficient for the strict positive definiteness of the kernel. Further, for 22- matrix-valued kernels on a compact two-point homogeneous space which is not a sphere, we present a characterization for the strict positive definiteness of the kernels based upon the main diagonal elements in its matrix representation. In the last part of this work, we restrict ourselves to scalar kernels and determine necessary and sufficient conditions in order that the product of two continuous, isotropic and positive definite kernels on a compact two-point homogeneous space be strictly positive definite. We also discuss the extension of this result for kernels defined on a product of a locally compact group and a high dimensional sphere.
Mayrand, Elsa. "Chirurgies de Dehn sur un entrelacs de S3 à deux composantes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11028.
Full textZaim, Sami. "Contribution à la commande sans capteur mécanique d' actionneurs électriques motorisés par des machines synchrones à aimants permanents." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0134/document.
Full textFor their high power density and ease of control, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in more electric aircraft. In order to control PMSMs, precise information on the rotor position is required. This information is provided by position sensors which have inherent drawbacks despite their good precision: these sensors decrease reliability and increase weight, volume, and cost of the whole system. In this thesis, we present a mechanical sensorless control method by estimating the rotor speed and position only from the phase currents measurements. Sensorless control methods suitable for high speeds and based on back-EMF estimation are first discussed. Then, a state of the art in sensorless methods for low speeds operations is presented. A new sensorless control, independent from the motor parameters, is presented for operating at low speeds and standstill. Both simulations (on a PMSM model taking into account the saturation phenomenon) and experimental results show the effectiveness of this model-independent method. A convergence analysis and a robustness study of the proposed algorithm are also made. Finally, an initialization process and a method for smooth transition between low and high speeds methods are proposed and validated on an experimental test-bench
Silva, Alberto Luis Camelier da. "Desenho industrial: abuso de direito e o reflexo na concorrência do mercado de reposição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-02042013-111046/.
Full textThe antitrust law, currently under Law 12,529, of November 30, 2011, and the intellectual property law is within the Brazilian juridical ordination, seeking to rule conducts and procedures intended to protect the free competition, on one hand, and to stimulate the innovation and technological development of the country, on the other hand. In the performance of both rights, conflicts are many times observed, which apparently reveal a contradiction: the granting of exclusivity for the exploitation of intangible goods, such as patents and industrial designs, conflicts with the free competition, excluding one another. Said contradiction, however, has been overcome, as it will be noticed. Our juridical system encompasses no absolute rights liable to justify the pure and simple dominance of one on the other, without assessing the consequences. The balance is searched by means of the legal prevention of the abuses of right, especially the abuses of the intellectual property law and the abusive exercise of the economic power. In addition, the Federal Constitution subordinates the use of property to its social function. This study analyzes the issues involving this apparent conflict and the abuses resulting from the enforcement of said rights. The theme is introduced with the analysis of the interface between the intellectual property right and the antitrust one and the resulting legal issues. Then, the abuse of right, the abuse of economic power and the abuse of the dominant position are analysed, pointing out the understanding of the existence of a tying arrangement, even though the binding occurs with deferral in time. The study proceeds by analyzing the free initiative and the free competition, as well as the industrial design institute and its eventual abusive use. The parts reposition and parts of complex products and their repercussion in Brazil and overseas, the CADE´s position as to eventual anticompetitive conducts are also analyzed. The commented jurisprudence illustrates the several opinion of jurists on this matter. Would the monopoly resulting from the intellectual property right benefit the market efficiency and regulation, despite the eventual effects against the consumer interests ? This paper seeks to reply such a question, by deepening the debate on the conflicts between the monopoly granted by industrial design to spare parts of complex objects and the consumer´s free choice. It also offers a legislative proposal intended to ensure the balance between the involved parties´ rights.
Genet, Roger. "La l-tryptophane 2',3'-oxydase de chromobacterium violaceum : purification, caracterisation et clonage du gene. l'introduction d'une double liaison en position c alpha-c beta des residus tryptophanyles, au sein des peptides et des proteines." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112391.
Full textGavel, Marine. "Nouveaux développements chimiques pour la conception d'inhibiteurs de glycosyltransférases Carbene-mediated quaternarization of the anomeric position of carbohydrates: synthesis of allylic ketopyranosides, access to the missing α-gluco and β-manno stereoisomers, and preparation of quaternary 2-deoxy 2-acetamido sugars Regio- and chemoselective deprotection of primary acetates by zirconium hydrides." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR09.
Full textThe goal of this project is to challenge the hypothesis that a non-natural sugar with a quaternary anomeric position might be the central core of a powerful and selective inhibitor of glycosyltransferase. Our design is relying on a key quaternary anomeric centre that provide the unique opportunity to incorporate in a single innovative structure the acceptor, the donor and the leaving group released during the formation of the glycosidic linkage. The functionnalization of the ketopyranosides that will be at the centre of this new class of potent glycosyltransferases inhibitors rely on original synthetic methods allowing introduction of a trimethylene phosphonate and regioselective deprotection of primary position of acetylated sugars for building alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages
Lormier, Anh Tuan. "Synthèse et résolution des dérivés biacridiniques fonctionnalisés sur les positions 2 et 2'." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30008.
Full textThis work was aimed on the obtention, the resolution and thé derivatization of the [9,9'-biacridmyl]-2,2'-diol. The derivatives of 9,9'-biacridinyl type have a C2-symmetry axe and present inclusion properties; consequently, three synthesized compounds were able to give addition compounds. The [9,9'-biacridinyl]-2,2'-diol was obtained by demethylation of racemic 2,2'-dimethoxy-9,9'-biacridine, and the presence of the two enantiomers in the mixture was showed by using chiral NMR shift reagents. Physicochemical technical separations of diastereomers were applied and crystallisation gave pure optical R-(-)-[9,9'biacridinyl]-2,2'-diol enantiomer. From [9,9'-biacridinyl]-diol we also synthesized various compounds; among them, a crown ether and a macrocycle
Amaral, Jose Romeu Garcia do. "Ensaio sobre o regime jurídico das debêntures." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-21012015-093339/.
Full textThis work aims to study, through a theoretical and practical approach, the legal system of debentures in view of the recent changes introduced by Law No. 1431, of June 24, 2011, affecting significantly their discipline, and also to examine their current problems and issues within the evolutionary context of the doctrine and the case studies that are submitted to analysis, since the use of this financing mechanism by companies has been increasingly frequent. It also seeks to examine the functioning of the debenture market and the new proposals to stimulate the circulation of debt bonds. Amongst the most controversial issues to be studied in this work, the following are highlighted: (i) the evolution of the legal nature of this institute, in which debentures are seen as debt notes pertaining to the category of securities; (ii) the creation of a new debenture market as an advancement to the proposal of the New Fixed Income Market; (iii) the possibility of limited partnerships and cooperatives issuing debentures in view of the absence of a legal prohibition and the existence of norms that give legal support to it; (iv) the consummation of legal transactions with debentures that go beyond their economic function of business financing; (v) the existence of a debenture holder organization as a complement to the idea of pooling of interests, in view of its organic character; and, finally, (vi) whether the fiduciary duties of the administrators would also accommodate the interests of the debenture holders, while in their position of special creditors to the issuing business.
Barbar, Saber Davide. "Impact de la ventilation mécanique sur la réponse inflammatoire médiée par les Toll-like receptors 2 et 4 dans un modèle de pneumopathie bactérienne." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS039/document.
Full textIntroduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is common in patients subjected to mechanical ventilation (MV). Cyclic stretch subsequent to MV could prime the lung toward an inflammatory response if exposed to bacteria. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogens thus triggering immunity. MV could modulate TLRs expression and responsiveness to agonists. The prone position (PP) reduces lung stretch.Methods:TLR2 levels and response to the TLR2 ligands were measured in human pulmonary cells submitted to cyclic stretch, and either spontaneously breathing (SB) or MV rabbits. Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood taken from SB or MV rabbits was performed.Enterobacter aerogenes pneumonia was induced in rabbits subjected to MV and kept supine or turned to the PP. Results: Cyclic stretch of human cells as well as rabbitsÕ lung increased both TLR2 levels and inflammatory response to its agonist. MV and airways exposure to TLR2 ligands acted synergistically in causing lung injury.A decrease of lung bacterial clearance and a greater likelihood of bacteremia were observed in MV rabbits with S. aureus pneumonia. Circulating cytokines rose significantly only in these animals. MV induced TLR2 spleen overexpression. Whole blood obtained from MV animals released larger amounts of cytokines after stimulation. PP was associated with lower levels of bacterial concentrations and inflammation. Conclusions: MV sensitizes the lung to bacterial TLR2 ligands, alters lung bacterial clearance, promotes lung injury and inflammation. Both pulmonary and peripheral blood stretch-induced TLR2 overexpression could account at least in part for such differences. The PP could be protective
Barbosa, Victor Simões. "Núcleos positivos definidos em espaços 2-homogêneos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-02122016-102032/.
Full textIn this work we analyze the strict positive definiteness of continuous kernels on compact two-point homogeneous spaces Md. R. Gangolli (1967) presented a complete characterization for continuous, isotropic and positive definite kernels on Md: the isotropic part of the kernel is a uniformly convergent Fourier series of certain Jacobi polynomials associated to Md, with nonnegative coefficients. One of the contributions of our work is a characterization for the strict positive definiteness of such kernels, completing that one presented by Chen et al. (2003) in the case Md is the unit sphere of dimension at least 2. Another contribuition of this work is an extension of Gangolli\'s result for kernels on a product of compact two-point homogeneous spaces, and the subsequent characterization of strict positive definiteness in this same context. Finally, the last contribution in this work involves the analysis of the differentiability of the isotropic part of a continuous, isotropic and positive definite kernel on Md and the applicability of such analysis in results involving the strict positive definiteness.
Tarkin, Jason Michael. "Atherosclerotic inflammation imaging using somatostatin receptor-2 positron emission tomography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269285.
Full textMartinell, Mats. "Diabetes Mellitus at the Time for Diagnosis : Studies on Prognostic Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328382.
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