Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pose variations'
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Vu, Ngoc-Son. "Contributions à la reconnaissance de visages à partir d'une seule image et dans un contexte non-contrôlé." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00574547v1.
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Bien qu'ayant suscité des recherches depuis 30 ans, le problème de la reconnaissance de visages en contexte de vidéosurveillance, sachant qu'une seule image par individu est disponible pour l'enrôlement, n'est pas encore résolu. Dans ce contexte, les deux défis les plus difficiles à relever consistent à développer des algorithmes robustes aux variations d'illumination et aux variations de pose. De plus, il y a aussi une contrainte forte sur la complexité en temps et en occupation mémoire des algorithmes à mettre en oeuvre dans de tels systèmes. Le travail développé dans cette thèse apporte plusieurs avancées innovantes dans ce contexte de reconnaissance faciale en vidéosurveillance. Premièrement, une méthode de normalisation des variations d'illumination visant à simuler les performances de la rétine est proposée en tant que pré-traitement des images faciales. Deuxièmement, nous proposons un nouveau descripteur appelé POEM (Patterns of Oriented Edge Magnitudes) destiné à représenter les structures locales d'une image. Ce descripteur est discriminant, robuste aux variations extérieures (variations de pose, d'illumination, d'expression, d'âge que l'on rencontre souvent avec les visages). Troisièmement, un modèle statistique de reconnaissance de visages en conditions de pose variables, centré sur une modélisation de la manière dont l'apparence du visage évolue lorsque le point de vue varie, est proposé. Enfin, une nouvelle approche visant à modéliser les relations spatiales entre les composantes du visage est présentée. A l'exception de la dernière approche, tous les algorithmes proposés sont très rapides à calculer et sont donc adaptés à la contrainte de traitement temps réel des systèmes de vidéosurveillanceAlthough having been an active research topic for 30 years, recognizing a person from surveillance having seen only one image is unsolved. Within this context, the two greatest challenges are the variations of pose and illumination. Moreover, there are strict constraints upon the complexity in both terms of computational time and stockage requirements. The work developed throughout this dissertation gives several advantages in the context of real-time and unconstrained face recognition. Firstly, an illumination normalization method simulating the performance of human retina is proposed as preprocessing algorithm. Secondly, we propose novel features called POEM (Patterns of Oriented Edge Magnitudes) for representing a local image structure. This descriptor is discriminative and robust to exterior variations (variations of pose, illumination, expression and pose that we always see when dealing with face images). Thirdly, a statistical model for robust face recognition across poses, entered on modeling how facial patch appearance changes as the viewpoint varies, is proposed. Finally, a novel approach modeling the spatial relationships between face components is developed. Except the last algorithm, all proposed methods are very fast and are therefore suitable for the constraints upon real-time of surveillance applications
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Kumar, Sooraj. "Face recognition with variation in pose angle using face graphs /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/9482.
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Jones, Helen. "Diurnal variation in post-exercise cardiovascular function." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446421.
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Chen, Dongjin. "Legacies and Incentives:Explaining Variation in Local Healthcare Expenditure Variation in Post-Mao China." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1343052167.
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Razzaghian, Hamid Reza. "Post-zygotic Genetic Variation in Health and Disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medicinsk genetik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196217.
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Post-zygotic genetic variation has previously been shown in healthy individuals and linked to various disorders. The definition of post-zygotic or somatic variation is the existence of genetically distinct populations of cells in a subject derived from a single zygote. Structural changes in the human genome are a major type of inter-individual genetic variation and copy number variation (CNV), involving changes in the copy number of genes, are one of the best studied category of structural genetic changes. In paper I we reported a pair of healthy female monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for aneuploidy of chromosomes X and Y, contributing to the delineation of the frequency of somatic variation in MZ twins. It also illustrates the plasticity of the genome for tolerating large aberrations in healthy subjects. In paper II we showed age-related accumulation of copy number variation in the nuclear genomes in vivo for both megabase- and kilobase-range variants. Using age-stratified MZ twins and single-born subjects, we detected megabase-range aberrations in 3.4% of people ≥60 years old but not in individuals younger than 55 years. Moreover, the longitudinal analysis of subjects with aberrations suggests that the aberrant cell clones are not immortalized and disappear from circulation. We also showed that sorted blood cells display different genomic profiles. The detected recurrent rearrangements are candidates for common age-related defects in blood cells. This work might help to describe the cause of an age-related decline in the number of cell clones in the blood, which is one of the hallmarks of immunosenescence. In paper III we described a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) ~4 kb upstream of the IFNAR1 gene, which was somatically variable. We detected 14 alleles displaying inter- and intra-individual variation. Further analyses indicated strong clustering of transcription factor binding sites within this region, suggesting an enhancer. This putative VNTR-based enhancer might influence the transcriptional regulation of neighboring cytokine receptor genes and the pathways they are involved in. These three studies stress the importance of research on post-zygotic variation in genetics. Furthermore, they emphasize that biobanks should consider sampling of multiple tissues to better address this issue in the genetic studies.
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Stokes-Lampard, Helen Jayne. "Variation in NHS utilisation of vault cytology post-hysterectomy." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/825/.
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Hysterectomy is commonly performed but there is scant evidence concerning appropriate follow-up by vaginal vault cytology testing. This observational, retrospective cohort study, using routinely collected data, linked women’s entire cervical screening histories with their operation details and subsequent vault cytology test results, to establish: Which women are having hysterectomies? What was the indication? Which were followed-up? How did they differ from those who were not? 6,141 women underwent hysterectomy; an incidence of 23/10,000 women/pa. 11.61% had malignancy, 3% had CIN and 82.9% had benign disease. Median age was 48years, women were of greater deprivation and different ethnicity from the background population. Post-operatively 1,016 (16.5%) had vault cytology testing. Those having CIN at total hysterectomy should have vault cytology but only 63% had any, of these less than 10% had it according to protocol. Many factors were associated with having vault cytology (younger, less deprived, non-benign diagnosis and abnormal index cytology) but few clinically meaningful. Only 2.9% of vault cytology tests were abnormal. Efforts to identify and eradicate inappropriate use of vault tests should swiftly lead to savings. Although national guidelines are targeting the right women, it is recommended that all vaginal vault cytology should be undertaken in secondary care hereafter.
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Alcorn, Kristie. "Variations Among Women: An Investigation Into the Nature of Birth Trauma." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367522.
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An anxiety disorder following childbirth that has received increased research attention is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, methodological and theoretical problems limit research findings. This thesis identifies these problems, and evaluates research on trauma in childbirth considering these concerns. A primary aim of this thesis was to examine the prevalence of traumatic births and PTSD and partial PTSD (i.e., subsyndromal PTSD) using a methodology that addressed previous limitations. Data were collected during the third trimester and 4 to 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum. Nine hundred and thirty three women completed the first study phase. Results revealed that 45.5% of women experienced a traumatic birth using the DSM-IV criteria for a traumatic event and that 1.2% had PTSD at 4 to 6 weeks and 3.1% had PTSD at 3 and 6 months postpartum respectively. The prevalence rates of partial PTSD ranged from 1.3% to 2.3% postpartum. Another primary aim was to investigate variability in outcome to childbirth specific to perceiving birth as traumatic, developing PTSD and PTSD symptoms, and PTSD symptom change. Few studies have examined the predictive factors of meeting criteria for a traumatic birth or the predictors of PTSD postpartum. Thus, a goal of this thesis was to investigate variation in childbirth outcome, using prebirth, birth, and postbirth factors. Specifically, the thesis investigated the predictors of perceiving childbirth to be traumatic, the development of PTSD and PTSD symptoms, and PTSD symptom change, and found that some of the most salient predictors include: persistent dissociation, environmental stressors, and peritraumatic affective responses such as the intensity of fear, helplessness, and horror. The study was able to correctly predict, using cross-validated data, 88% of women as either meeting or not meeting criteria for a traumatic birth; 87% as developing or not developing PTSD; and 83% as experiencing an improvement or a decline in symptoms. The study also predicted 77% of PTSD symptom severity. Theoretical and practical implications and areas for future research are discussed.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
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Bathon, Leander Anton. "Probabilistic Determination of Failure Load Capacity Variations for Lattice Type Structures Based on Yield Strength Variations including Nonlinear Post-Buckling Member Performance." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1225.
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With the attempt to achieve the optimum in analysis and design, the technological global knowledge base grows more and more. Engineers all over the world continuously modify and innovate existing analysis methods and design procedures to perform the same task more efficiently and with better results. In the field of complex structural analysis many researchers pursue this challenging task. The complexity of a lattice type structure is caused by numerous parameters: the nonlinear member performance of the material, the statistical variation of member load capacities, the highly indeterminate structural composition, etc. In order to achieve a simulation approach which represents the real world problem more accurately, it is necessary to develop technologies which include these parameters in the analysis. One of the new technologies is the first order nonlinear analysis of lattice type structures including the after failure response of individual members. Such an analysis is able to predict the failure behavior of a structural system under ultimate loads more accurately than the traditionally used linear elastic analysis or a classical first order nonlinear analysis. It is an analysis procedure which can more accurately evaluate the limit-state of a structural system. The Probability Based Analysis (PBA) is a new technology. It provides the user with a tool to analyze structural systems based on statistical variations in member capacities. Current analysis techniques have shown that structural failure is sensitive to member capacity. The combination of probability based analysis and the limit-state analysis will give the engineer the capability to establish a failure load distribution based on the limit-state capacity of the structure. This failure load distribution which gives statistical properties such as mean and variance improves the engineering judgment. The mean shows the expected value or the mathematical expectation of the failure load. The variance is a tool to measure the variability of the failure load distribution. Based on a certain load case, a small variance will indicate that a few members cause the tower failure over and over again; the design is unbalanced. A large variance will indicate that many different members caused the tower failure. The failure load distribution helps in comparing and evaluating actual test results versus analytical results by locating an actual test among the possible failure loads of a tower series. Additionally, the failure load distribution allows the engineer to calculate exclusion limits which are a measure of the probability of success, or conversely the probability of failure for a given load condition. The exclusion limit allows engineers to redefine their judgement on safety and usability of transmission towers. Existing transmission towers can be reanalyzed using this PBA and upgraded based on a given exclusion limit for a chosen tower capacity increase according to the elastic analysis from which the tower was designed. New transmission towers can be analyzed based on the actual yield strength data and their nonlinear member performances. Based on this innovative analysis the engineer is able to improve tower design by using a tool which represents the real world behavior of steel transmission towers more accurately. Consequently it will improve structural safety and reduce cost.
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Farashi, Samaneh. "Identification and characterisation of prostate cancer-associated genetic variations modulating the miRNA regulome." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210596/1/Samaneh_Farashi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis has studied the genetic regions that are associated with the risk of prostate cancer. The results from this thesis provide insights into causative miRNA genes that contribute to prostate cancer. The identified prostate cancer risk regions in the genome have valuable potential in utilising in investigating pathogenic mechanisms in prostate cancer. This greatly helps with a broader range of treatment options according to the targetable gene networks and pathways. As the elderly population increases in Australia, the social and economic consequences of prostate cancer will increase unless successful means of prevention or treatment are found.
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Pinzone, Cheryl Ann. "Geographic variation in post-mating immune gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4586.
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An organism's immune response may vary due to pathogen pressure in its environment, as well as due to interactions with other organisms. These factors, along with geographic rules (i.e. Gloger's rule) may influence the geographic distribution of the immune response within populations of a species. Here we use real-time quantitative PCR to measure the immune gene expression in six populations collected along the eastern U.S. of Drosophila melanogaster after mating. Antimicrobial genes did not show significant differences in expression due to location, whereas we did observe differences in anti-fungal and pro-phenoloxidase (anti-macromolecule) related genes. These differences in anti-macromolecule resistance are correlated with the latitude of the population opposite of which we would expect by Gloger's rule. We also determined that males and females from different populations tended to drive the differences we detected. Taken together, these results suggest that geographic factors influence genes involved in fungal and macro-pathogens defense post-mating.ID: 028916963; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-36).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Biology
Sciences
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Corn, John Russell. "Optimization Problems in Hilbert Space with POSS Complexes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1381.
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Beginning with a survey of functional variation methods in classical physics, we derive the Hartree-Fock theory from canonical quantization. Following a development of density functional theory, many-body perturbation theory, and other techniques of computational condensed matter physics, we perform a systematic study of metal-polyhydride impurities in T8 and T12 polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cage molecules. Second-quantized methods motivate the derivations throughout.
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LE, FUR CATHERINE. "Interaction entre le stress et les variations nycthemerales sur le metabolisme des lipides (doctorat : nutrition)." Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL2T014.
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Lawniczak, Mara Katharine Nielsen. "Phenotypic and genetic variation of post-copulatory responses in Drosophila melanogaster females /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Cament, Riveros Leonardo. "Enhancements by weighted feature fusion, selection and active shape model for frontal and pose variation face recognition." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132854.
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Doctor en Ingeniería EléctricaFace recognition is one of the most active areas of research in computer vision because of its wide range of possible applications in person identification, access control, human computer interfaces, and video search, among many others. Face identification is a one-to-n matching problem where a captured face is compared to n samples in a database. In this work a new method for robust face recognition is proposed. The methodology is divided in two parts, the first one focuses in face recognition robust to illumination, expression and small age variation and the second part focuses in pose variation. The proposed algorithm is based on Gabor features; which have been widely studied in face identification because of their good results and robustness. In the first part, a new method for face identification is proposed that combines local normalization for an illumination compensation stage, entropy-like weighted Gabor features for a feature extraction stage, and improvements in the Borda count classification through a threshold to eliminate low-score Gabor jets from the voting process. The FERET, AR, and FRGC 2.0 databases were used to test and compare the proposed method results with those previously published. Results on these databases show significant improvements relative to previously published results, reaching the best performance on the FERET and AR databases. Our proposed method also showed significant robustness to slight pose variations. The method was tested assuming noisy eye detection to check its robustness to inexact face alignment. Results show that the proposed method is robust to errors of up to three pixels in eye detection. However, face identification is strongly affected when the test images are very different from those of the gallery, as is the case in varying face pose. The second part of this work proposes a new 2D Gabor-based method which modifies the grid from which the Gabor features are extracted using a mesh to model face deformations produced by varying pose. Also, a statistical model of the Borda count scores computed by using the Gabor features is used to improve recognition performance across pose. The method was tested on the FERET and CMU-PIE databases, and the performance improvement provided by each block was assessed. The proposed method achieved the highest classification accuracy ever published on the FERET database with 2D face recognition methods. The performance obtained in the CMU-PIE database is among those obtained by the best published methods. Extensive experimental results are provided for different combinations of the proposed method, including results with two poses enrolled as a gallery.
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Bunten, Hannah. "Exploring the role of mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) and CYP2B6 gene variations for methadone pharmacogenomics : can these variations be used to advance toxicological interpretation post-mortem?" Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2010. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/17754/.
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Methadone is increasingly involved in drug overdose cases and the molecular actions of the drug in vivo are largely unknown requiring elucidation. This study set out to examine the relationship between methadone toxicity and CYP2B6 and mu (μ) opioid receptor (OPRM1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using SNP genotyping, the association between OPRM1 A118G and CYP2B6 T750C, G516T, and A785G variations and post-mortem methadone concentrations were investigated. The allele frequencies of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 variants were then studied in a control population of live non-methadone using subjects, to determine the prevalence and distribution of specific variations in post-mortem and living subjects. Further in vitro study was conducted to assist in interpreting the association between OPRM1 and CYP2B6 variations and individual susceptibility to methadone. Cloning strategies were designed for the studies of promoter activities affected by the T750C promoter SNP on CYP2B6 expression, and the role of the OPRM1 A118G variation for receptor internalisation following methadone treatment was investigated. A significant association was identified between high post-mortem methadone concentrations and G561T and A785G (CYP2B6*6) variations reflecting poor methadone metabolism. Furthermore, the OPRM1 A118G SNP significantly correlated with higher post-mortem methadone concentrations and the in vitro analysis of A118G indicated that this could be due to a reduction in receptor internalisation in 118 AG subjects. The findings from the research contribute to pre-determining, in part, individual susceptibility to methadone accumulation and toxicity. Specific screening to identify CYP2B6*6 and OPRM1 A118G carriers prior to addiction treatment could therefore be valuable as part of a cost-effective risk management strategy. Furthermore, CYP2B6*6 and A118G could be used to interpret toxicology results identifying subjects with poor metabolism.
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Zhao, Sanqiang. "On Sparse Point Representation for Face Localisation and Recognition." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366629.
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Automatic face recognition has been an active research field during the last few
decades. Existing face recognition systems have demonstrated acceptable recognition
performance under controlled conditions. However, practical and robust face
recognition which is tolerant to various interferential variations remains a difficult and
unsolved problem in the research community.
In the first part of this thesis, we propose to use the concept of sparse point
representation to address four important challenges in face recognition: wider-range
tolerance to pose variation, face misalignment, facial landmark localisation and head
pose estimation. The sparse point representation can be classified into two different
categories. In the first category, equal numbers of feature points are predefined on
different individuals. Each feature point refers to a specific physical location on a face
while all the feature points have explicit correspondence across different individuals.
In the second category, a set of feature points are detected at different locations with
discriminative information content on a face image. Both the number and the
positions of the feature points are varied from person to person such that diverse facial
characteristics of different individuals can be represented. Based on the first category
of sparse point representation, we propose a new Constrained Profile Model (CPM) to
form an efficient facial landmark localisation framework. We also propose a novel
Elastic Energy Model (EEM) to automatically conduct head pose estimation. Based on the second category of sparse point representation, we propose a new Textural
Hausdorff Distance (THD), which has demonstrated a considerably wider range of
tolerance against both in-depth head rotation and face misalignment.
In the second part of this thesis, we focus on recently proposed micropattern
based approaches which have proven to outperform classical face recognition
methods and provided a new way of investigation into face analysis. We first apply a
new Multidirectional Binary Pattern (MBP) representation upon sparse points to
establish point correspondences for face recognition. We further propose an enhanced
Sobel-LBP operator for face representation, which has demonstrated better
performance than the original Local Binary Pattern (LBP). We finally present a novel
high-order Local Derivative Pattern (LDP) for face recognition, which can capture
more detailed and discriminative information than the first-order local pattern used in
LBP. It should be noted that the concept of LDP for face recognition was pioneered
by Dr. Baochang Zhang, but we have significantly extended and elaborated this
concept. We have extended the concept of LDP from its original usage on Gabor
phase features only to much more generalised definition on gray-level images. We
have rewritten and enlarged the original draft of his manuscript. Some of the
experiments were also implemented and reported by us.
In the third part of this thesis, we pay attention to the representation of
'Average Face', which was newly published on Science and claimed to be capable of
dramatically improving performance of face recognition systems. To reveal its
working mechanism, we conduct a comparative study to observe its effectiveness on
holistic and local face recognition approaches. Our experimental results reveal that the
process of face averaging does not necessarily improve all the face recognition
systems. Its usefulness is dependent on the specific methods employed in practice.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Fleischer, G., R. Gorenflo, and B. Hofmann. "On the Autoconvolution Equation and Total Variation Constraints." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 1998. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-199801196.
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This paper is concerned with the numerical analysis of the autoconvolution equation
$x*x=y$ restricted to the interval [0,1]. We present a discrete constrained least
squares approach and prove its convergence in $L^p(0,1),1
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Myers, Erin M. "Post-orbital color pattern variation and the evolution of a radiation of turtles (Graptemys)." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Raghuram, Avinash. "Experimental Analysis of Post-Impact Drop Spread Behavior and Prediction of Maximum Spread Factor." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377868179.
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Lema, Ingrid. "Contrôle post-transcriptionnel de l'expression rénale du récepteur minéralocorticoide par les variations de tonicité extracellulaire : conséquences physiopathologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS290.
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L’aldostérone et le Récepteur Minéralocorticoïde (MR) participent au contrôle de la balance hydrosodée et de la pression artérielle. Les altérations de l’expression du MR ou de la signalisation minéralocorticoïde sont associées à de nombreuses pathologies chez l’Homme. Dans ce travail, nous avons démontré, le rôle majeur de protéines de liaison à l’ARN, Tis11b et HuR, dans le contrôle post-transcriptionnel de l’expression du MR en réponse aux variations de tonicité extracellulaire dans un modèle de cellules principales rénales et chez la souris. L’hypertonicité (500 mOsmol/L) induit l’expression de la protéine Tis11b, qui lie la région 3’-non traduite du transcrit MR afin d’accélérer sa dégradation, diminuant ainsi l’expression rénale de la protéine MR et de la signalisation minéralocorticoïde. A l’opposé, l’hypotonicité (150 mOsmol/L) stimule la translocation nucléo-cytoplasmique de HuR, qui stabilise le transcrit MR, augmentant ainsi l’expression du MR et la sensibilité rénale à l’aldostérone. De plus, HuR est responsable de l’édition d’un nouveau variant d’épissage du MR, le variant MR Δ6, obtenu par l’exclusion de l’exon 6.Ce variant d’épissage exerce un effet dominant négatif sur la signalisation minéralocorticoïde. Enfin, l’identification de microARN modulés par l’hypertonicité suggère leur rôle potentiel dans le contrôle de la signalisation minéralocorticoïde rénale. La caractérisation de ces mécanismes inédits modulant l’action du MR améliore notre compréhension de la physiopathologie de la signalisation minéralocorticoïde, et pourrait aboutir, à terme, à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiquesAldosterone and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) participate to the control of salt and water balance and the arterial pressure. Alteration of renal MR expression or mineralocorticoid signaling pathway contributes to the development of numerous human disorders. In this work, we have demonstrated the major role played by the RNA-Binding Proteins, Tis11b and HuR, in the control of MR expression in response to variations of extracellular tonicity in a model of principal tubular cells and in vivo. Hypertonicity (500 mOsmol/L) increases the expression ofTis11b, which binds the 3’-untranslated region of MR transcript and accelerates the degradation of MR transcript, leading to the reduction of the mineralocorticoid signaling. Conversely, hypotonicity (150 mOsmol/L) stimulates nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR protein, which stabilizes MR transcript increasing its expression and renal sensitivity to aldosterone action. Furthermore, HuR participates to the editing of the novel MR Δ6 splice variant, which lacks exon 6, and exerts a dominant negative effect on mineralocorticoid signaling. Finally, we have provided evidence that hypertonicity modulates expression of microRNA, which may control mineralocorticoid signaling pathway. Characterization of these original mechanisms modulating MR action is pivotal for a better understanding of mineralocorticoid-related pathophysiology, and should ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies
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Kunaparaju, Keerthi. "VaROT: Methodology for Variation-Tolerant DSP Hardware Design using Post-Silicon Truncation of Operand Width." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1295638939.
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Hedin, Tora. "Changing Identities : Language Variation on Czech Television." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis : Almqvist & Wiksell [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-723.
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Ashouei, Maryam. "Algorithms and Methodology for Post-Manufacture Adaptation to Process Variations and Induced Noise in Deeply Scaled CMOS Technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19859.
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In the last two decades, VLSI technology scaling has spurred a rapid growth in the semiconductor industry. With CMOS device dimensions falling below 100 nm, achieving higher performance and packing more complex functionalities into digital integrated circuits have become easier. However, the scaling trend poses new challenges to design and process engineers. First, larger process parameter variations in the current technologies cause larger spread in the delay and power distribution of circuits and result in the parametric yield loss. In addition, ensuring the reliability of deep sub-micron (DSM) technologies under soft/transient errors is a significant challenge. These errors occur because of the combined effects of the atmospheric radiations and the significantly reduced noise margins of scaled technologies.
This thesis focuses on addressing the issues related to the process variations and reliability in deeply scaled CMOS technologies. The objective of this research has been to develop circuit-level techniques to address process variations, transient errors, and the reliability concern. The proposed techniques can be divided into two parts. The first part addresses the process variation concern and proposes techniques to reduce the variation effects on power and performance distribution. The second part deals with the transient errors and techniques to reduce the effect of transient errors with minimum hardware or computational overhead.
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Sweeting, Anthony, and 施偉庭. "The reconstruction of education in post-war Hong Kong, 1945-1954: variations in the process of policy-making." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231688.
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Parayanthal, Priya. "A comprehensive assessment of variations in electrocardiogram morphology in risk assessment of cardiovascular death post-acute coronary syndrome." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66451.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).
Millions of patients worldwide are hospitalized each year due to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients who have had an acute coronary syndrome are at higher risk for developing future adverse cardiovascular events such as cardiovascular death, congestive heart failure, or a repeat ACS. Currently, there have been several electrocardiographic metrics used to assess the risk of ACS patients for a future cardiovascular death including heart rate variability, heart rate turbulence, deceleration capacity, T-wave alternans, and morphologic variability. This thesis introduces new ECG-based metrics that can be used to risk-stratify post-ACS patients for future cardiovascular death and evaluates the clinical utility of the existing electrocardiogram based metric known as morphologic variability (MV). We first analyze a metric called weighted morphologic variability (WMV) which is based on assessment of beat-to-beat morphology changes in the ECG. In addition, we introduce machine learning methods with morphology based features to separate post-ACS patients into high risk or low risk for cardiovascular death. Finally, we aim to increase the clinical utility of MV by creating a metric that can achieve good risk stratification when applied to a small amount of data. The body of this work suggests that morphologic variability is an effective metric in prognosticating post- ACS patients into high risk and low risk for cardiovascular dearth.
by Priya Parayanthal.
M.Eng.
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Sweeting, Anthony. "The reconstruction of education in post-war Hong Kong, 1945-1954 : variations in the process of policy-making /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12355136.
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Vincent, Devin Michael. "Post-mortem Molecular Investigation: exploring genetic variation in CYP2D6 in deceased individuals at Salt River Mortuary." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29518.
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Drug use is a major burden in Cape Town, South Africa, and at times may be fatal. Individuals suspected to have demised from drug intoxication are referred for medico-legal investigation, in order for cause of death to be determined. Sometimes, it remains ambiguous as to whether the drug intoxication was suicidal or accidental, even after a full post-mortem examination. Literature has shown that molecular analysis of genetic variants in genes encoding for drug metabolising enzymes may provide insight into the manner of death. At Cape Town’s Salt River Mortuary, numerous toxicological-related cases yield ambiguous results, which may potentially be resolved with molecular analyses. However, no optimised molecular assay to sequence drug metabolising enzymes currently exists in a local context. The aim of this project was to design and optimise a molecular-based assay to sequence the drug metabolising enzyme, CYP2D6. Subsequent to primer design, exons in CYP2D6 were amplified and sequenced. The optimised assay was then applied to DNA from two decedents suspected to have demised from drug intoxication. Following a toxicological drug screen, certain drugs metabolised by CYP2D6 were reported. The assay revealed genetic variants within CYP2D6; both individuals were heterozygous for 138insT, rendering one allele in each individual defective. While one decedent also exhibited variants with normal and unknown haplotypes, the other decedent was homozygous for *17 (decreased functionality), overall making the former an intermediate (altered) or extensive (normal) metaboliser and the latter, an intermediate metaboliser of specific drugs. Quantitative toxicological results were unavailable; consequently, the contribution of the metabolism phenotype on death in these cases could not be established. However, the genetic variants, combined with the presence of these drugs in each case, suggests altered drug metabolism, which should be investigated further and interpreted within each case context. These findings would also be beneficial to the decedents’ living relatives, who may also carry these variants. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of molecular analyses in forensic investigations of toxicological-related fatalities, and lays the foundation for additional future research, particularly since the molecular assay has now been successfully optimised.
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Dabbech, Moufida. "Facteurs de variations inter et intra-individuelles de la thermogenese post prandiale chez des sujets sains normoponderaux ou obeses." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077040.
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Chez l'homme, une diminution de la thermogenese postprandiale (tpp) et son role dans le developpement de l'obesite sont controverses. Ces contradictions peuvent relever des differences methodologiques et de l'heterogeneite de l'obesite humaine. La plupart des etudes portant sur la tpp ont utilise des techniques et des methodes differentes et peu d'auteurs se sont interesses a la reproductibilite des mesures de la tpp. La mise au point d'un protocole experimental, realise sur des sujets sains, soumis a quatre mesures successives dans des conditions experimentales identiques, nous a permis de mieux controler la variabilite intraindividuelle de la tpp ainsi que les facteurs de variations lies aux conditions experimentales et aux variations biologiques d'un jour a l'autre. Nos resultats montrent que la tpp peut etre mesuree de facon reproductible, le coefficient de variation intra-individuel est de 4. 2%. En appliquant le meme protocole, la tpp a ete determinee chez des sujets obeses compares a des normoponderaux apparies en age, sexe et masse maigre (mm). Une correlation significative est observee entre la depense energetique de repos (der) et la masse grasse (mg). La contribution de la mg a la variance de la der, negligeable chez les normoponderaux, devient significative chez les obeses. Pour une mm similaire, la tpp est significativement diminuee chez les obeses compares aux sujets temoins. La tpp est negativement correlee a la mg exprimee en masse absolue ou en pourcentage du poids corporel. La mg peut etre un predicteur significatif de la tpp
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Simo, Tao Lee Walter Cédric. "On the variational approach to mollification in the theory of ill-posed problems and applications." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30130.
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Les problèmes inverses constituent un domaine en pleine expansion en mathématiques appliquées qui a suscité une grande attention au cours des dernières décennies en raison de son omniprésence dans plusieurs domaines des sciences et technologies. Le plus souvent, les problèmes inverses donnent lieu à des équations mathématiques instables. Autrement dit, les solutions ne dépendent pas continument des données. En effet, de très petites perturbations sur les données peuvent causer des erreurs arbitrairement grandes sur les solutions. Étant donné que le bruit est généralement inévitable, inverser l'équation mal-posée échoue à résoudre le problème. Il est alors nécessaire d'appliquer une méthode de régularisation afin de récupérer des approximations stables des solutions. À cet égard, plusieurs techniques de régularisation ont été développées dans la littérature. Globalement, ces méthodes de régularisation peuvent être divisées en deux classes : Une classe de méthodes qui tentent de reconstruire les solutions inconnues initiales et une classe de méthodes qui tentent de reconstruire des versions lisses des solutions inconnues. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la promotion de la deuxième classe de méthode de régularisation à travers l'étude et l'application de la formulation variationnelle de la mollification. Dans ce manuscrit, nous montrons que l'approche variationnelle de la mollification peut être étendue à la régularisation de problèmes mal-posés impliquant des opérateurs non compacts. À cet égard, nous étudions et appliquons avec succès la méthode à la régression instrumentale non-paramétrique. Une contribution supplémentaire de cette thèse est la conception et l'étude d'une nouvelle méthode de régularisation adaptée aux problèmes linéaires exponentiellement mal-posés. Une comparaison numérique de cette nouvelle méthode aux méthodes classiques de régularisation telles que Tikhonov, la spectral cut-off, la régularisation asymptotique et la méthode des gradients conjugués est effectuée sur trois problèmes test tirés de la littérature. L'aspect pratique de la sélection du paramètre de régularisation avec un niveau de bruit inconnu est également considéré. Outre l'étude et l'application des méthodes de régularisation, cette thèse traite également de l'application d'une règle de sélection de paramètres de régularisation très populaire connue sous le nom du principe de Morozov. En utilisant la dualité de Lagrange, nous fournissons un algorithme simple et rapide pour le calcul du paramètre de régularisation correspondant à cette règle pour les méthodes de régularisation du type Tikhonov. L'intérêt de cette étude est qu'elle met en avant une méthode de régularisation mal connue qui pourtant a un grand potentiel et est capable de fournir des solutions approchées comparativement meilleures que certaines techniques de régularisation classiques bien connues. Un autre apport de cette thèse est la conception d'une nouvelle méthode de régularisation qui, selon nous, est prometteuse dans la régularisation de problèmes exponentiellement mal-posés, en particulier pour les problèmes inverses de conduction thermiqueInverse problems is a fast growing area in applied mathematics which has gained a great attention in the last decades due to its ubiquity in several fields of sciences and technology. Yet, most often, inverse problems result in mathematical equation which are unstable. That is, the solutions do not continuously depend on the data. As a matter of fact, very little perturbations on the data might cause arbitrary large errors on the solutions. Therefore, given that the noise is generally unavoidable in the data, direct attempts to solve the problem fail and one needs to apply a regularization method in order to recover stable approximates of the unknown solutions. In this respect, several regularization techniques have been developed in the literature. Globally, all these regularization methods can be split into two classes: A class of methods which attempt to reconstruct the unknown solutions and a class of methods which try to recover smooth versions of the unknown solutions. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the promotion of the second class of regularization method via the study and application of the variational formulation of mollification. In this work, we show that the variational approach can be extended to the regularization of ill-posed problems involving non-compact operators. In this respect, we study and successfully apply the method to a problem coming from statistics namely the nonparametric instrumental regression. An additional contribution of this thesis is the design and study of a novel regularization method suitable for linear exponentially ill-posed problems. A numerical comparison of the new method to classical regularization methods such as Tikhonov, spectral cut-off, asymptotic regularization and conjugate gradient is carried out on three test problems from literature. The practical aspect of selection of the regularization parameter without knowledge of the noise level is also considered. Apart from the study and application of regularization methods, this thesis also focuses on the application of a very popular parameter selection rule known as the Morozov principle. Using Lagrange duality, we provide a simple and rapid algorithm for the computation of the regularization parameter corresponding to this rule for Tikhonov-like regularization methods. A relevance of this study is that it highlights a poorly known regularization method which yet has a great potential and is able to provide comparatively better approximate solutions compared to well-known classical regularization techniques. Another benefit of this thesis is the design of a new regularization method which, we believe, is promising in the regularization of exponentially ill-posed problems, especially for inverse heat conduction problems
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Alirol, Servane. "Etude génétique du complexe synaptique lié au récepteur NMDA et caractérisation de modèles à complexité variable dans l'autisme." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3303/document.
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L'autisme est un trouble du développement du système nerveux central défini par des altérations des interactions sociales et de la communication, et par des comportements restreints et répétitifs. Sa prévalence est actuellement évaluée jusqu'à 1% dans la population générale. L'autisme est caractérisé par une grande hétérogénéité sur les plans phénotypiques et génétiques. À ce jour, plus de 300 gènes candidats ont été caractérisés soit par des variations du nombre de copies (CNV) et/ou des variations nucléotidiques (SNV). Leur identification a permis de mettre en évidence une contribution significative de mutation de novo, ainsi que l'implication de voies physiopathologiques cibles, en particulier la densité post-synaptique (PSD)Autism is a developmental disorder of the central nervous system defined by impairments in social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Its prevalence is currently estimated at around 1% in the general population. Autism is characterized by a wide heterogeneity at both phenotypic and genetic level. To date, more than 300 candidate genes were characterized either by copy number variations (CNV) and/or nucleotide variations (SNV). Their identification has highlighted a significant contribution of de novo mutations, as well as the involvement of targeted pathophysiological pathways, particularly post-synaptic density (PSD)
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André, Isabelle, and THI THANH HANG DUONG. "Étude des variations salivaires post-radiothérapiques dans les cancers de la sphère O. R. L. Et conséquences pratiques en odontostomatologie." Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN1D040.
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Whitehead, Ayesha. "Variations in abundance, feeding patterns and prey availability of post-settlement King George whiting, Sillaginodes punctata, in nearshore marine waters." Thesis, Whitehead, Ayesha (2000) Variations in abundance, feeding patterns and prey availability of post-settlement King George whiting, Sillaginodes punctata, in nearshore marine waters. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41538/.
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Spatial variation in the recruitment of Sillagi,nodes punctata into five sheltered unvegetated sites in south-western Australia was determined through fortnightly sampling of post-settlement individuals, using a fine-mesh seine net, during the recruitment period (between early September and early December). The diets of these recruits were examined to determine whether there were spatial, temporal and ontogenetic variations in dietary composition. In addition, the invertebrates which constituted important prey for post-settlement S. punctata were sampled at the same locations using sediment corers and sweep nets to establish spatial patterns in prey abundance. These spatial patterns in abundance of prey were compared with the abundance and dietary composition of post-settlement S. punctata. Particulate organic matter and microphytobenthos were also sampled using cores to establish whether the spatial patterns in abundance of invertebrate prey were associated with the distribution of these plant materials.
Densities of post-settlement S. punctata differed significantly among sites, being highest at Mangles Bay, thus demonstrating that the recruitment of S. punctata into unvegetated habitats in nearshore marine waters varied on a spatial scale. At sites with lower densities of fish, S. punctata were present throughout the recruitment period at Point Peron and Safety Bay, whilst they were only present in the first half of the recruitment period at the other two sites. This result suggests the possibility of movement or mortality of recruits at these sites.
The overall diet of post-settlement S. punctata at the study sites was dominated by crustaceans, comprising cyclopoid, calanoid or harpacticoid copepods or gammarid amphipods. The dietary composition of post-settlement S. punctata varied spatially suggesting fish were feeding opportunistically. Fish at Mangles Bay consumed harpacticoid and calanoid copepods frequently and in large proportions, whilst those at Point Peron and Safety Bay consumed gammarid amphipods :frequently in large proportions. At Woodman Point and Rockingham, sites in which only small individuals were captured in the initial stages of sampling, the overall diet was dominated by cyclopoid copepods. Ordinations emphasised that the dietary composition of fish at Mangles Bay was distinct from that at other sites, primarily due to high proportions of harpacticoid and calanoid copepods in the diet of fish at this site and to high proportions of cyclopoid copepods and gammarid amphipods in the early and late stages of sampling, respectively, at the other sites.
With increasing size, post-settlement S. punctata at Mangles Bay consumed smaller proportions of harpacticoid copepods and larger proportions of calanoid copepods, while those at Safety Bay consumed lower proportions of cyclopoid copepods and increasing proportions of gammarid amphipods. The dietary composition of S. punctata caught from different sites exhibited temporal variation during the sampling period with respect to the proportions of the main prey types consumed. This temporal pattern was not consistent with size-related changes in dietary composition at Mangles Bay, where the diets of similar-sized fish varied with respect to the sampling occasion on which they were collected.
The densities of prey commonly consumed by S. punctata exhibited marked spatial variation, with densities ofharpacticoid and calanoid copepods being highest at Mangles Bay, and those of gammarid amphipods being highest at Point Peron and Safety Bay. Incidentally, the high densities of post-settlement S. punctata that were characteristic of Mangles Bay, coincided with high densities of harpacticoid and calanoid copepods. Furthermore, the low densities of fish that were recorded at Point Peron and Safety Bay throughout the sampling period, coincided with high densities of amphipods. At the sites where individuals were present only in the early phase of sampling, i.e. Woodman Point and Rockingham, low densities of all three prey commonly consumed by S. punctata were found.
Spatial variation in dietary composition of S. punctata was associated with that of the abundance of commonly consumed prey. Sillaginodes punctata at Mangles Bay consumed harpacticoid and calanoid copepods more frequently and in larger proportions to fish from the other sites and these prey were most abundant at this site. Similarly, S. punctata at Point Peron and Safety Bay, where amphipods were most abundant, consumed amphipods more frequently and in larger proportions to fish from Mangles Bay. The spatial patterns in abundance of prey were not associated with the mass of particulate organic matter or microphytobenthos, which were similar at all sites, except in the case of particulate organic matter, where Point Peron had slightly higher mass. In addition, a preliminary investigation of the stable isotopes, 13C/12C and 15N/14N, revealed that these sources of primary production were unlikely to be primary sources of carbon to this food chain. More likely sources could include rhodophytes and phaeophytes.
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Guyonnet, Benoît. "Transcriptomes testiculaire et épididymaire chez le verrat : variations au cours du développement post-natal et en relation avec la fertilité." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4032.
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Ce travail analyse à l’aide d’une puce à ADN porcine (GEO : GPL3729) comportant 9216 dépôts, les transcriptomes testiculaire et épididymaire chez des verrats adultes ainsi que leurs variations au cours du développement post-natal et en relation avec la fertilité. Cinq unités transcriptionnelles ont été mises en évidence le long de l’épididyme grâce à l’adaptation de méthodes statistiques originales. Pour un certain nombre de gènes (déjà connus ou nouveaux), cette régionalisation d’expression a été confirmée par RT-PCR et PCR en temps réel. Un début de régionalisation est présent dès l’âge d’un mois et évolue jusqu’à huit mois pour atteindre son état définitif. Pour la première fois chez une espèce de mammifères domestiques, l’existence de gènes différentiellement exprimés entre des lots d’animaux de fertilité contrastée est démontréeThis study used a pig DNA microarray (GEO: GPL3729) including 9216 spots to analyze testicular and epididymal transcriptomes of adult boars and their variations during post-natal development and according to fertility. Five transcriptome units were defined along the epididymis using original statistical methods. For some genes (both already known and new genes), this regionalized expression was confirmed both by PCR and by real-time PCR. The beginnings of regionalization are present from one month of age and evolve to reach its definitive state at eight months of age. For the first time in a large mammal, we demonstrated the existence of differentially expressed genes in boars of contrasting fertility
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Hofmann, Bernd, and Peter Mathé. "Parameter choice in Banach space regularization under variational inequalities." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-86241.
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The authors study parameter choice strategies for Tikhonov regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems in Banach spaces. The effectiveness of any parameter choice for obtaining convergence rates depend on the interplay of the solution smoothness and the nonlinearity structure, and it can be expressed concisely in terms of variational inequalities. Such inequalities are link conditions between the penalty term, the norm misfit and the corresponding error measure. The parameter choices under consideration include an a priori choice, the discrepancy principle as well as the Lepskii principle. For the convenience of the reader the authors review in an appendix a few instances where the validity of a variational inequality can be established.
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Carmichael, Katie. ""I never thought I had an accent until the hurricane": Sociolinguistic Variation in Post-Katrina Greater New Orleans." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397673731.
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Rousseau, Anne. "L'hémorragie du post-partum immédiat sévère : étude des variations de pratique de prise en charge. Analyse des déterminants organisationnels et personnels." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC017.
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L'hémorragie du post-partum immédiat (HPPI) représente encore aujourd'hui la première cause de morbi-mortalité maternelle en France. L'aggravation de l'HPP en HPP sévère peut s'expliquer par différents facteurs : ceux inhérents à la femme, sa grossesse et son accouchement et ceux liés à la prise en charge de l'HPP. La qualité de cette prise en charge ne peut être étudiée indépendamment de l'environnement dans lequel elle est dispensée et des caractéristiques des soignants qui la prodiguent. Les études observationnelles n'ont que partiellement évalué les potentiels déterminants de la qualité des soins de prise en charge de l'HPP. L'objectif de cette thèse était de développer et valider une méthodologie permettant d'étudier les écarts aux bonnes pratiques et les déterminants potentiels organisationnels et personnels. Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé et validé l'utilisation de vignettes cliniques dynamiques, avec plusieurs étapes, comme outil d'évaluation des pratiques de prise en charge de l'HPP. Puis nous avons utilisé ces vignettes cliniques pour étudier les variations de pratiques de prise en charge de l'HPP auprès de 450 sages-femmes françaises. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence des écarts aux bonnes pratiques concernant l'utilisation des traitements médicamenteux. Enfin nous avons étudié les déterminants potentiels de ces écarts aux bonnes pratiques. Nous avons retrouvé une implication de différents facteurs liés aux soignants comme l'âge, le temps de travail, l'attitude face aux risques et liés à la structure comme l'utilisation de revues de morbi-mortalité. Notre méthode est ainsi un bon moyen de compléter les études observationnelles sur le sujetPostpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) still represents the leading cause of maternai morbidity and mortality in France. The PPH worsening to severe PPH can be explained by different factors: factors related to women, pregnancy and childbirth and / or factors related to PPH management. The quality of this management cannot be evaluated independently of either the environment in which it is given or the characteristics of caregivers who provide them. Observational studies have partially assessed the potential determinants of the quality of care for PPH management. The objective of this PhD thesis was to develop and validate a methodology to study discrepancies with good practices and to assess determinants related to the organization of care and / or caregivers. At first, we developed and validated dynamic case-vignettes with several steps, as tool assessing quality of PPH management. Then we used these case-vignettes to study variations in PPH management among 450 French midwives. Adherence to guidelines was low for pharmacological management. Finally, we investigated staff and institutional factors associated with substandard care. We showed both staff — i. E. Age, experience, and level of risk taking - and institutional factors ¬mortality and morbidity reviews — may be associated with substandard eare in midwives' PPH management. Our method proves to be a relevant way to complete the observational studies on the subject
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Fritzson, Hanna. "Effect of Environmental Factors on Pore Water Pressure in River Bank Sediments, Sollefteå, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333788.
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Pore water pressure in a silt slope in Sollefteå, Sweden, was measured from 2009-2016. The results from2009-2012 were presented and evaluated in a publication by Westerberg et al. (2014) and this report is an extension of that project.In a silt slope the pore water pressures are generally negative, contributing to the stability of theslope. In this report the pore water pressure variations are analyzed using basic statistics and a connection between the pore water pressure variations, the geology and parameters such as temperature, precipitation and soil moisture are discussed.The soils in the slope at Nipuddsvägen consists of sandy silt, silt, clayey silt and silty clay. The main findings were that at 2, 4 and 6 m depth there are significant increases and decreases in the pore water pressure that can be linked with the changing of the seasons, for example there is a significant increase in the spring when the ground frost melts. As the seasons change, so do the temperature and amount and type of precipitation. Other factors that vary with the season are the amount of net radiation, wind speed and relative humidity, all of which affect the amount of evapotranspiration. At greater depths the pore water pressue is most likely affected by a factor/factors that varies from year to year, possibly the total amount of rainfall. Therefore, the anticipated increase in precipitation in Scandinavia due to climate change could be an important factor influencing slope stability.What precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration have in common is that they affect the amount of water infiltrating the soil, and thereby the soil moisture content. How the soil moisture is distributed and flows through the soil (sub-surface flow) is governed by the different soil types and their mutual order in the slope, as well as by factors affecting the structure of the soil, e.g. animal burrows and aggregation. The formation of ground frost also affects the way in which the water present in the soil is redistributed.At c. 14 m depth in the slope, there is a saturated layer with positive pore water pressures, which could be one of several such layers. The overall groundwater situation in a silt slope is complex; several different bodies of water can develop, and to get a complete picture of the ground water situation (andthereby also the pore water pressure variations) thorough hydrological surveys are needed.Under 2009-2016 mättes porvattentrycket i en siltslänt i Sollefteå. Resultaten från 2009-2012presenterades och utvärderades i en publikation av Westerberg et al. (2014) och detta examensarbete är en förlängning av det projektet.I en siltslänt är porvattentrycket vanligtvis negativt vilket bidrar till stabiliteten i slänten. I den härrapporten är variationerna av porvattentrycket analyserade med hjälp av enkel statistik och en koppling mellan variationerna och geologin samt parametrar så som temperatur, nederbörd och fukthalt i marken diskuteras.Jordarterna i slänten vid Nipuddsvägen består av sandig silt, silt, lerig silt och siltig lera. Slutsatsen var att på 2, 4 och 6 m djup ökade och minskade porvattentrycket med årstiderna, till exempel ökade porvattentrycket signifikant vid tjällossningen. När årstiderna skiftar ändras även temperaturen och mängden, och typen, av nederbörd. Andra faktorer som varierar över året är netto-instrålningen, vindhastigheten och den relativa fuktigheten och dessa faktorer påverkar i sin tur evapotranspirationen. På större djup beror antagligen portrycksvariationerna på någon eller några faktorer som skiljer sig åt från år till år, möjligtvis den totala mängden nederbörd. Därmed skulle den ökade nederbörd som förväntas i Skandinavien på grund av klimatförändringarna kunna påverka släntstabiliteten.Vad nederbörd, temeperatur och evapotranspiration har gemensamt är att de påverkar mängden vatten som infiltrerar marken, det vill säga de påverkar markens fukthalt. Hur vattnet är födelat i marken beror på de olika jordarterna och deras inbördes ordning i slänten, men också av faktorer som påverkar markens struktur så som aggregation och uppluckring av jorden på grund av marklevande djurs aktivitet. Även formationen av tjäle på vintern har troligtvis en viss inverkan på hur vattnet i marken omfördelas.På 14 m djup finns ett vattenmättat lager med positiva porvattentryck vilket skulle kunna vara ett av flera sådana lager. I en siltslänt är grundvattensituationen mycket komplex, flera magasin av vatten kan bildas. För att få en bra bild av grundvattensituationen (och där med också porvattentrycksvariationerna)behöver noggranna hydrologiska undersökningar genomföras.
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Silletta, Thomas. "The effects of pole length variation on the skiing performance of elite cross-country skiers using V-skating techniques /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66130.
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Tung, Sui, and 董帥. "Co-seismic and post-seismic gravity variation associated with the 2008 M=8 Wenchuan earthquake : implication for crustal dynamics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197833.
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Longmen Shan Mountain Belt is a prominent orogeny along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Its current deformation has significant implications for the Cenozoic tectonics of the Tibetan plateau. The M=8 Wenchuan earthquake substantially ruptured the Longmen Shan mountain in 2008. Numerous tectonics and rheological implications are concluded by this event on crustal dynamics along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Several high-resolution gravity surveys were conducted before and after the event to investigate the regional isostasy and crustal dynamics. From 2008 to 2011, four gravimetric surveys were carried out along two profiles across southern and northern Longmen Shan from the Sichuan Basin to the Songpan-Graze Terrane. The Bouguer gravity anomalies drop from -162 mGal to -431 mGal in the Aba Basin with a steep gradient of 0.84 mGal/km. There is a significant increase of crustal thickness from 40 km in the Sichuan to more than 60 km in the Tibetan plateau.
Negative isostatic anomaly of -30 mGal over 150 km of the Songpan-Graze Terrane infers an over-compensation of excess crustal thickness up to 20 km. Hence, upward isostatic rebound is resulted and coupled with on-going crustal movement. Gravity values change significantly before and after the Wenchuan earthquake, ranging from -1.2 mGal to 0.7 mGal near the epicentral area. Significant thrust slip of 7.5m and normal slip of 4.5 m were simulated along the Beichuan fault and Wenchuan fault by an elastic dislocation theory. The co-existence of thrusting and normal faulting implies both compressional and extensional settings along Longmen Shan. The normal slip corroborates a large-scale crustal extension, lending support to a model with the inflation of lower crustal flow. The two-year post-seismic gravity variations were more than 0.1 mGal near the epicentral area. About 25% of them could be attributed to viscoelastic mantle relaxation. The dynamics topography along the eastern margin of the plateau is proposed to be a consequence of lower crustal flow squeezed by isostatic rebound and topographic load. The strong Yangtze Block is thought to obstruct the crustal flow horizontally and direct it to flow upward beneath Longmen Shan. The steep topography and seismicity along Longmen Shan are then resulted probably from the vertical stress induced in this upward flow.published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Post, Paul-Philipp [Verfasser]. "Bestimmung und Beeinflussung des dreidimensionalen Kraft-Verformungs-Verhaltens von Papier unter Variation von Feuchte und Temperatur / Paul-Philipp Post." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224168119/34.
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Alqadah, Hatim F. "Space-Frequency Regularization for Qualitative Inverse Scattering." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321967202.
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Mackmull, Marie-Therese [Verfasser], and Darren [Akademischer Betreuer] Gilmour. "The landscape of the nucleocytoplasmic transport system and cell-type specific variations of the nuclear pore complex / Marie-Therese Mackmull ; Betreuer: Darren Gilmour." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1180985680/34.
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Alharbi, Mohammed Musad Mohammed. "Spatial and temporal variations in trace metal concentrations in sediments, pore water of the Forth estuary, and their potential impact on water quality." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386611.
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The concentrations of trace metals: cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and mercury, in addition to aluminium, iron and manganese were determined in the sediments and pore water (except aluminium) of the Forth estuary. Organic matter (as loss on ignition), total organic carbon (TOe), total organic nitrogen (TON), particle size and redox potential were also determined in the sediments. In addition, chloride, sulphate, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, dissolved organic carbon, phosphate and nitrate were determined in the sediments pore water. Trace metals in the pore water were determined using a modified preconcentration technique and measurements were carried out by graphite furnace. Mercury was measured using the p.s.a mercury specific fluorescence detector. organic matter (TOC & TON) in the sediments were measured using CHNS/O analyzer. Samples were collected at seasonal intervals for a period of 18 months on board the survey vessel "Forth Ranger". Six stations were selected to represent upper, middle and lower estuary. Sediment cores collected at each station were subjected to centrifugation under nitrogen gas atmosphere to separate the pore water after being sectioned at 2.5 cm intervals for a depth of 10 centimetres. Concentrations of trace metals in the Forth estuary varied from station to station and from one season to another. Mean concentrations for sediments were as follows (mg\kg): lead, 56.9; cadmium, 0.22; copper, 38.9; nickel, 33.7 and mercury, 1.86. For pore water, the mean concentraxxi tions (Jlg\l) were as follows: lead, 3.14; cadmium, 1.86; copper, 31.9; nickel, 24.7 and mercury, 0.075. Measurements of sulphates, nitrates, phosphate, conductivity and dissolved organic carbon were used to examine the processes controlling their distributions in the pore water. The results indicated that the distributions of nutrients (phosphate and nitrate) in the upper 10 cm seemed to be controlled by macro-infaunal irrigation activities and their values varied according to the overlying water conditions. The distributions of trace metals in the sediments were found to be controlled by particle size and organic matter both spatially and temporally. Vertical distribution of trace metals in the pore water were found to be controlled by redox potential variations especially for iron and manganese. Concentrations of trace metals (Pb, Hg, Ni, Cd and CU) in the pore water were found to be higher than that in the overlying water. Enrichment factors were limited to 10-50 fold increase. Lead and mercury were 10 fold higher while 50 fold higher were found for nickel, copper and cadmium. Benthic flux calculations showed a significant flux of trace metals both in the summer and winter. However, flux of copper, nickel and lead tended to increase in the summer. Spatially, the lower estuary showed a higher flux of trace metals than the upper and middle reaches of the estuary.
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Lambert, Frédérique. "Permanences et variations du souffle épique numérique dans le néo péplum Hollywoodien (2000-2018)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. https://bdr-parisnanterre-fr.faraway.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2020/2020PA100076/2020PA100076.pdf.
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Gladiator (Ridley Scott, 2000) inaugure une renaissance du genre péplum, mêlant dans l’esthétique post-moderne, culture patrimoniale et production de type blockbuster, cinéma d’action et cinéphilie. Les renaissances cycliques de ce genre dans l’histoire du cinéma sont liées à des innovations techniques et à une scénarisation du genre. Ici, les effets visuels revisitent dans un premier temps les scènes épiques clé (batailles rangées, destructions, décors, foules) et introduisent de nouveaux motifs (souffle, explosions, destructions) en utilisant des techniques et technologies hybrides (peinture, archéologie, jeux vidéo). De 2009 à 2014, la 3-D confère un second souffle à ce néo genre (immersions, jaillissements). Le storytelling biblique et l’esthétique de série ou de sport You Tube constituent le troisième temps de cette renaissance. Ce péplum est traditionnellement un genre d’adaptation sujet au remake. Les études de littérature comparée apportent un éclairage sur ces pratiques de reprise, qu’elles attribuent à l’epos, dans lequel le néo péplum s’inscrit. La pratique du remake correspond alors à une pratique typique de l’épopée qui permet de penser la crise politique en gestation. Les néo péplums fonctionnent dès lors génériquement comme signes de la crise en cours. Ces reprises offrent une grille de lecture permettant de penser l’inédit du changement en cours. Le motif du souffle épique surexploité dans ces néo péplums devient dès lors signifiant. De fait, les données économiques et la chronologie des crises politiques et géo stratégiques traversées par les Etats-Unis, confirment la dimension communicationnelle de ce genre à destination d’une communauté interprétative désormais mondialisée. De fait, l’héroïsme véhiculé et réactualisé dans les mythologies super héroïques traduisent les enjeux individuels et collectifs de la crise mondiale : une « médiamorphose » numérique dont ces néo péplums sont le reflet par leur esthétique, syntaxe et idéologieGladiator (Ridley Scott, 2000) inaugurates a renaissance of the peplum genre, blending post-modern aesthetics, heritage culture and blockbuster-type production, action cinema and cinephilia. Cyclical rebirths of this genre in the history of cinema are linked to technical innovations and « scriptwriting » of the genre. Here, the visual effects first revisit the key epic scenes (pitched battles, destruction, sets, crowds) and introduce new motifs (blast, explosions, destruction) using hybrid techniques and technologies (painting, archeology, video games). From 2009 to 2014, 3-D breathed new life into this neo genre (immersions, spurts). Biblical storytelling and the aesthetic of You Tube series or sports constitute the third phase of this rebirth. This peplum has traditionally been a remake-subject genre. Comparative literature studies shed light on these recovery practices, which they attribute to epos, in which the neo-peplum is inscribed. The practice of remaking then corresponds to a typical practice of the epic which allows us to think about the political crisis in the making. The neo-peplums therefore function generically as signs of the current crisis. These covers provide a framework for thinking about the unprecedented change in progress. The motif of the epic breath overused in these neo-peplums therefore becomes significant. In fact, the economic data and the chronology of the political and geo-strategic crises experienced by the United States confirm the communicational dimension of this kind intended for a now globalized interpretive community. In fact, the heroism conveyed and updated in super heroic mythologies translate the individual and collective issues of the global crisis : a digital "mediamorphosis" of which these neo-peplums reflect through their aesthetics, syntax and ideology
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Mickelsson, Sparv Susanne. "From the midst of darkness to a nugget of hope : Post-nominal of-phrases in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98238.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyze how post-nominal of-phrases are translated from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text about the musician Dave Grohl and his band Foo Fighters. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. The of-phrases are categorized according to Keizer’s (2007) categories, and the results show that most of-phrases are translated to prepositional phrases, although it differs which prepositions are used, depending on the type of ofphrase. For of-phrases of the possession-type, i is the most common preposition, and for compound-like of-phrases, av is the most common preposition. Of-phrases of possession-type are also frequently translated into genitive constructions, especially if the possessor is animate or syntactically light. Other structural changes also occur in the translation, although no pattern was found for this strategy in the analysis.
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Dias, Alexandre Torchio. "Investigação citogenômica tecidual post-mortem em portadores de malformações congênitas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-06012016-111509/.
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Introdução: As malformações congênitas (MCs) são a segunda causa de mortes fetais e infantis no Brasil e, em grande parte dos casos, a sua etiologia não é bem definida. Devido às consequências clínicas das MCs, alguns pacientes falecem sem tempo hábil para uma investigação etiológica acurada. Dessa forma, a maioria dos casos permanece sem uma confirmação molecular das suspeitas clínicas, dificultando o aconselhamento genético para as famílias. Objetivos: O presente trabalho utilizou técnicas citogenômicas para caracterizar molecularmente a presença de anormalidades no DNA, desde aneuploidias até a variação do número de cópias gênicas (CNVs) em diferentes tecidos de pacientes falecidos portadores de MC encaminhados ao Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos para avaliação anatomopatológica. Casuística e Métodos: Foram avaliadas amostras de 30 pacientes portadores de MC submetidos à necropsia. O DNA foi extraido de diferentes tecidos (cérebro, coração, fígado, pele e diafragma) previamente conservados em RNA later, formol ou emblocados em parafina. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) com os kits P095, P064 e P070 (MRC-Holland®), Marcadores Microssatélites (MMS) com o kit MiniFiler (Life Technologies®), a Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH), a técnica de array (Infinium® CytoSNP-850K BeadChip - Illumina) e o Sequenciamento Bidirecional por Sanger. A interpretação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando os softwares GeneMarker, Coffalyser, BlueFuse Multi, Sequencher e com os bancos de dados Database of Genomic Variants (DGV - http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/), Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER - http://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/), UCSC Genome Bioinformatics (http://genome.ucsc.edu) e Mutation Taster. Resultados: Dos 30 pacientes avaliados, 13 apresentaram alterações patogênicas. Entre eles, oito apresentaram aneuploidias envolvendo os cromossomos 13, 18, 21, X e Y, sendo dois deles com mosaicismo intratecidual. Quatro pacientes apresentaram microdeleções ou microduplicações envolvendo diferentes genes, sendo um paciente com duplicação do gene TYMS em 18p11.32; um com deleção do gene CHL1 em 3p26.3; um com deleção para o gene HIC1 em 17p13.3 e um paciente com deleção do gene TOM1L2 em 17p11.2; um paciente apresentou mutação de base única, patogênica, g.8535C > G (c.746C > G) no éxon 7 do gene FGFR3 compatível com Displasia Tanatofórica tipo I. Por fim, dois pacientes com doenças do desenvolvimento sexual apresentaram resultados dos testes citogenômicos normais. Discussão: Sugere-se que todas as alterações encontradas estão relacionadas ao fenótipo clínico ou participam na via de sinalização de genes correlatos. As técnicas de MLPA e MMS mostraram viabilidade e eficiência para a detecção de alterações genômicas em tecidos de pacientes falecidos, contudo são dependentes da integridade e quantidade do DNA obtido. Conclusão: O estudo citogenômico post-mortem é importante para a elucidação diagnóstica de casos sem etiologia definida, para o aconselhamento genético familiar, para a caracterização de mosaicismo inter e intratecidual e para a compreensão da patogênese das MCsIntroduction: Congenital malformations (CMs) are the second leading cause of fetal and infant deaths in Brazil and in most cases the etiology is not well defined. Also, the patients remain without a conclusive diagnostic making difficult the genetic counseling. Objectives: This study applied cytogenomics techniques in order to characterize the presence of DNA abnormalities, as well as, aneuploidies and genomic copy number variations (CNVs) in different tissues from deceased patients with CM from \"Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos\". Patients and Methods: We evaluated samples from 30 patients undergoing necropsy. The DNA was extracted from different tissues (brain, heart, liver, skin and diaphragm) stored in RNA later, formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. We performed Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) with P095 kits, P064 and P070 (MRC-Holland®), microsatellite markers (MMS) with MiniFiler kit (Life Technologies), Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), array technique (Infinium® CytoSNP-850K BeadChip - Illumina) and bidirectional sequencing by Sanger. The results was analyzed using different softwares: GeneMarker, Coffalyser, BlueFuse Multi Sequencher and databases Database of Genomic Variants (DGV - http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/) Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensembl Resources (Decipher - http://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/), UCSC Genome Bioinformatics (http://genome.ucsc.edu) and Mutation Taster. Results: The results showed 13 patients with pathogenic CNVs, and among them, eight presented aneuploidies involving chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. Two of them presented intra-tissue mosaicism. Also four patients showed several different microdeletions or microduplications: duplication of TYMS gene (18p11.32); deletion of CHL1 gene (3p26.3); deletion of HIC1 gene (17p13.3); deletion of TOM1L2 gene (17p11.2 ). One patient showed a pathogenic missense mutation of g.8535C>G (c.746C > G) in exon 7 from FGFR3 gene compatible with Thanatophoric Dysplasia type I. And two patients presented sexual development disorders and normal molecular results. Discussion: We conclude that the genomic abnormalities found in different tissues are pathogenic and associated to clinic manifestations in all patients studied. Besides, the cytogenomic techniques applied were efficient to help in the conclusive diagnostic; however, there are dependent of integrity and quality of DNA. Conclusion: Indeed the post-mortem cytogenomic study is crucial to genetic counseling, to characterize the presence of intra-tissue mosaicism and also to better understand the pathogenesis of congenital malformations
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Glad, Emelie. "Explaining within-country variation in post-war democratization : The role of legitimate local-international partnerships in municipal governance reform in Kosovo." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393035.
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A growing literature on hybrid peace governance has showed the importance of taking into account the interactive nature of peacebuilding. However, this literature largely remains imprecise about how local-international interactions affect outcomes, and the hybrid turn has not produced much comparative empirical evidence. This study attempts to contribute to filling this research gap by developing a causal explanation for why micro-level local-international interactions produce within-country variations in post-war democratization. Based on scholarship on strategic bargaining, local ownership and legitimacy, it is hypothesized that a higher prevalence of legitimate local-international partnerships leads to higher adherence to good governance principles. The study uses key informant interviews and survey data to conduct a qualitative most-similar case study at the sub-national level. From the analysis of three municipalities in Kosovo, some support for the hypothesis is generated. The results show that with increased capacity from international support and legitimacy derived from closeness to citizens, local non-political actors can put pressure on political actors to reform. However, more studies are needed to refine the theory and test its applicability in other contexts.
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Molee, Wittawat. "Facteurs de variation de la composition lipidique des membranes plasmiques des hepatocytes chez les palmipedes : relation avec le rendement technologique des foies gras." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000252/.
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Différents facteurs zootechniques influencent la fonte lipidique des foies gras issus du gavage des palmipèdes lors des processus de transformation. L'objet de ce travail est de déterminer si des variations de la composition lipidique de la membrane plasmique des hépatocytes participent à expliquer la relation causale entre les facteurs zootechniques et le rendement technologique comme le suggèrent divers auteurs. A partir d'une méthode d'extraction et de purification permettant d'isoler plus spécifiquement la fraction sinusoïdale de la menbrane plasmique, nous étudions successivement l'incidence du gavage du canard mulard (cairina moschata x Anas platyrhynchos) sur l'évolution de la composition lipidique de la membrane plasmique des hépatocytes, la variabilité du rendement technologique des foies gras d'oie (Anser anser). Les principauxconstituants chimiques hépatiques sont parallèlement pris en considération. Nous montrons ainsi que si le gavage induit chez le canard mulard une forte accumulation de triglycérides intra hépatiques, il modifie aussi la composition lipidique de la membrane plasmique des hépatocytes avec une augmentation de la teneur en phospholipides et en cholestérol, sans modifier toutefois le rapport du cholestérol aux phospholipides. Les profils des phospholipides et de leurs acides gras constitutifs sont aussi modifiés. Par ailleurs, si l'état d'engraissement des foies est fortement corrélé à leur rendement technologique, seul le profil des acides gras des lipides membranaires fait apparaître des liaisons faibles mais significatives avec ce dernier. Enfin , au cour de la période post-prandiale l'accrétion lipidique hépatique est en relation avec une modification du rapport du cholestérol aux phospholipides membranaires et une diminution du rendement technologique. Ces évolutions sont discutées en prenant en compte les données du métabolisme lipidique chez les oiseaux et l'incidence possible des modifications de composition des membranes plasmiques des hépatocytes sur la fluidité membranaire et au-delà le rendement technologique.
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Palmé, Anna. "Evolutionary history and chloroplast DNA variation in three plant genera: Betula, Corylus and Salix. : The impact of post-glacial colonisation and hybridisation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Conservation Biology and Genetics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3281.
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The great difference in the level of chloroplast variation and its geographic structure among the three main species studied here demonstrates that forest species do not form a homogeneous group. Hazel shows a genetic structure similar to many other thermophilous species and this structure, in combination with fossil evidence, indicates that the post-glacial colonisation of most of Europe originated in a refugium in western France while the Balkan and Italy were colonised from a south-eastern refugium.
In sallow and silver birch the chloroplast DNA variation and its structure does not fit with a scenario of glacial restriction to southern refugia and survival at intermediate latitudes is suggested for both species. The chloroplast DNA variation in silver birch suggests the presence of one western and one eastern European post-glacial colonisation route and limited contribution of southern populations in the colonisation of the rest of Europe. Unique haplotypes by the Ural Mountains indicates the possibility of a separate glacial origin of these populations.
The study of chloroplast DNA in species closely related to sallow and silver birch indicate that extensive hybridisation and cytoplasmic gene flow occurs within both the Salix and Betula genera in Europe. The nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies of 14 Betula species were not in complete agreement with each other or with the classical division of the Betula genus into subgenera or sections. The phylogenetic structure implies that hybridisation has played a role in the evolution of the Betula genus.
This thesis focuses on the chloroplast DNA variation in three forest tree genera: Corylus, Betula and Salix. Chloroplast PCR-RFLP is used to evaluate the post-glacial history of hazel, Corylus avellana, silver birch, Betula pendula and sallow, Salix caprea and to explore the possibility of introgression in the Salix and Betula genera. In addition, the chloroplast matK gene, its flanking regions and the nuclear ADH gene were used to study the phylogenetic relationships within the Betula genus.
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Sénéchal, Martin. "Les variations du métabolisme de repos inter-individus suite à un programme de perte de poids de cinq semaines chez des femmes obèses post-ménopausées." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/866.
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L'obésité est aujourd'hui l'un des problèmes de santé publique les plus importants. Les femmes ménopausées sont particulièrement touchées par cette problématique. En effet, suite à la ménopause, les femmes subissent de nombreux changements au niveau hormonal et de la composition corporelle. Ces changements sont en grande partie responsables des désordres métaboliques et de l'augmentation des risques de développer certains problèmes de santé comme les dyslipidémies, l'hypertension artérielle, le diabète de type 2 et les maladies coronariennes. Il est donc capital d'intervenir en prévention primaire et secondaire afin de prévenir les complications associées à l'obésité chez les femmes post-ménopausées (PM). Les différents organismes de santé publique comme l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et le National Institutes of Health (NIH), recommandent une réduction de 5 à 10% du poids initial afin d'améliorer le profil de santé des individus obèses. Plusieurs approches cliniques portant sur les diètes, l'activité physique (AP), les combinaisons diète et AP, les médications et les chirurgies ont été expérimentées au fil des ans afin d'améliorer la santé des individus obèses. Il n'en demeure pas moins que la pierre angulaire de tout bon programme de gestion du poids est la diète et l'AP. À ce jour, la restriction calorique demeure la méthode la plus populaire. Cependant, la perte de poids qui en résulte n'a pas que des effets positifs puisqu'environ 25% du poids total perdu provient d'une diminution de la masse maigre (MM). Cette perte de MM, est souvent associée à une réduction du métabolisme de repos (MR), du niveau d'AP et de la force musculaire (FM). Ces effets négatifs sont associés à un risque accru de reprendre le poids perdu dans les années qui suivent, annulant par le fait même les effets bénéfiques de la perte de poids sur le profil de santé. Bien que la littérature scientifique sur l'obésité et la perte de poids soit très abondante, peu a été fait chez les femmes PM obèses. Dans cet ordre d'idée, 20 femmes obèses (pourcentage de masse grasse initial: 46,4 « 5,0%), PM, sédentaires et âgées de 51 à 74 ans ont été recrutées pour participer à une étude sur la perte de poids d'une durée variant entre 15 et 25 semaines. Les participantes ont suivi une diète hypocalorique visant à induire une perte de poids quotidienne correspondant à 1 % du poids corporel initial. Des mesures de la masse grasse (MG) et de la MM par"dual energy X-ray absorptiometry" (DXA), du métabolisme de repos (par calorimétrie indirecte), de la tension artérielle de repos et de la fréquence cardiaque de repos ont été effectuées avant, pendant et après l'étude. Pour les besoins du présent mémoire, nous nous sommes principalement intéressés aux cinq premières semaines du programme de perte de poids. Nos résultats font ressortir une diminution significative du poids corporel (78,8 « 9,9 kg vs 74,8 « 9,1 kg; P< 0,0001), de l'IMC (31,5 « 3,3 kg/m[indice supérieur 2] vs 29,8 « 3,2 kg/m[indice supérieur 2] ; P< 0,0001), de la MG (35,7 « 7,3 kg vs 32,8 « 7,0 kg; P< 0,0001) et de la MM (40,8 « 4,5 kg vs 39,7 « 4,2 kg; P< 0,001) après cinq semaines. Globalement, nous n'avons pas observé de diminution du MR dans le groupe. Cependant, certaines participantes ont diminué leur MR (moyenne= -220 « 95 kcal/jour; P< 0,001) alors que d'autres l'ont augmenté (moyenne= +228 « 69 kcal/jour; P< 0,001) suite au programme de perte de poids. Nous avons également observé une corrélation de 0,63 (P= 0,002) entre le delta ([delta]) MR et le MR initial. D'autre part, l'association entre le A de fréquence cardiaque et le [delta]MR révélait une forte tendance sans toutefois être significatif (r= 0,43; P= 0,06) alors que la corrélation entre la MG totale et le MR ne démontrait aucune association (r= 0,40 P= 0,08). De même, aucune association n'a été observée entre les changements de MR et les changements de MM (r= -0,08; P= 0,75). Malgré qu'aucune différence n'ait pu être observée entre les deux groupes, les femmes qui ont augmenté leur MR suite à la restriction calorique avait une MG totale et tronculaire initiale significativement plus importante comparativement à celles qui ont eu une diminution du MR (39.8 « 7.1 kg vs. 31.6 « 6.3 kg; P< 0,05). De plus, nos résultats démontrent que le groupe avec MR augmenté présentait une diminution moins importante de la fréquence cardiaque de repos comparativement au groupe présentant une diminution du MR (-3,3 « 2,9 bpm vs. -10,4 « 4,6 bpm; P<0,01). La présente étude démontre qu'un programme de perte de poids de 5 semaines est suffisant pour améliorer significativement la composition corporelle chez des femmes PM obèses. De plus, nos résultats ne démontrent aucune association entre la diminution de la MM et les changements du MR après cinq semaines. Cependant, des variations interindividuelles importantes du MR sont observables, lesquelles semblent dépendantes de la masse musculaire initiale et des variations de la fréquence cardiaque après la perte de poids. Ces résultats devront être confirmés par d'autres études.