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1

Champagnat, Pauline. "Ensino do Português na França e cidadania: a questão descolonial." Revista Légua & Meia 12, no. 2 (2022): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/lm.v12i2.7766.

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RESUMO: Ao abordar a cultura dos países africanos de língua portuguesa, o professor de língua portuguesa se encontra no desafio de tratar de assuntos como a escravidão, o comércio negreiro, a colonialidade mas também do processo da pós-colonialidade. Isso permite também traçar paralelos com a situação francesa, e refletir sobre o próprio processo de descolonização nas colônias francesas, e a relação que este país ainda mantém com elas. Desta maneira, pretendemos demostrar que o ensino do português pode implicar uma responsabilidade de sensibilização para temas atuais de extrema importância lig
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2

Ali, Mufti. "Kebijakan Politik Pragmatis Strategis Maulana Hasanuddin Banten (1546-1570) terhadap Portugis." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 7, no. 1 (2022): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v7i1.39859.

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This paper explores the trade relation between Banten and Portugal in the last three-quarters of the sixteenth century, with special reference to the reign period of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin (1546-1570). The mutual relationship between these two political entities and the absence of Banten rulers in the alignment of the Muslim kings of the Archipelago against Portugal are also paid due attention. This paper used historical method, which comprises four following steps: heuristic, critic, interpretation, and historiography. The study of the European primary sources, especially letters of Portug
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3

Alputila, Cheviano E. "Pasang Surut Penyebaran Agama Katolik di Maluku Utara Pada Abad 16-17." Kapata Arkeologi 10, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v10i1.213.

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Until the 18th century the spice is a tremendous appeal to the international community. No exception with cloves then just grow on some island in the North Moluccas. Two first nation to get a clove monopoly rights in North Maluku is Portuguese and Spanish. When activity in the region is not only the two nations trade, but also spread their religion is Catholicism. Through a review of the literature from a variety of sources, the conclusion about the spread of the Catholic faith that made the Portuguese and Spanish in their efforts to monopolize the clove trade in North Moluccas. In the end, th
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4

NEWSON, LINDA A. "AFRICANS AND LUSO-AFRICANS IN THE PORTUGUESE SLAVE TRADE ON THE UPPER GUINEA COAST IN THE EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY." Journal of African History 53, no. 1 (2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853712000011.

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ABSTRACTUsing previously unknown account books, found in archives in Peru, of three New Christian Portuguese slave traders on the Upper Guinea Coast, this article examines the extent and nature of African and Luso-African involvement in the Atlantic trade during the early seventeenth century. Beads, textiles, and wine that figured most prominently among Portuguese imports were traded predominantly by Luso-Africans. Meanwhile, slaves were delivered in small numbers by people from a diverse range of social backgrounds. This trade was not a simple exchange of imported goods for slaves, but was a
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5

Jalil, Laila Abdul. "PEMBANGUNAN BENTENG NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO (THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NOSTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO FORT)." Kindai Etam: Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi 5, no. 1 (2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/ke.v5i1.46.

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Rempah-rempah menjadi daya tarik utama kedatangan bangsa Eropa ke Nusantara. Cengkih, pala, dan fuli (bagian dalam buah pala yang berwarna merah dengan aroma harum) merupakan jenis rempah yang dicari. Rempah-rempah yang berasal dari Pulau Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian, dan Bacan menjadi komoditas utama yang memiliki nilai tinggi dan diperebutkan oleh bangsa Eropa. Portugis merupakan bangsa Eropa pertama yang berhasil mencapai kepulauan rempah. Setelah menaklukkan Malaka pada tahun 1511, Alburqueque mengirimkan tiga kapal mencari kepulauan rempah. Kedatanganbangsa Portugis ke Maluku menjadi pen
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6

S, Arunjunai Devi. "Trade Under Portuguese - Thoothukudi." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 10, no. 4 (2023): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v10i4.6138.

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One after another, the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British ruled over this town and the Pearl Fishery Coast. They exploited its revenue for nearly 450 years. The Portuguese were the strongest colonial rulers of this town and its surroundings. The Nayaks and the local Kings or chieftains, the Vadugars and finally the Muslims under the patron ship of then Travancore and Calicut rulers harassed the natives. This forced them into the saving hands of the Portuguese. By the end of the beginning of the sixteenth century the Pearl Fishery Coast was brought under the control of Portuguese. The Mass c
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7

Polisar, John, Charlotte Davies, Thais Morcatty, et al. "Multi-lingual multi-platform investigations of online trade in jaguar parts." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (2023): e0280039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280039.

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We conducted research to understand online trade in jaguar parts and develop tools of utility for jaguars and other species. Our research took place to identify potential trade across 31 online platforms in Spanish, Portuguese, English, Dutch, French, Chinese, and Vietnamese. We identified 230 posts from between 2009 and 2019. We screened the images of animal parts shown in search results to verify if from jaguar; 71 posts on 12 different platforms in four languages were accompanied by images identified as definitely jaguar, including a total of 125 jaguar parts (50.7% posts in Spanish, 25.4%
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8

Muñoz Sánchez, Antonio. "La socialdemocracia alemana y el movimiento sindical ibérico durante las transiciones a la democracia (1974-1979) = The German Social Democracy and the Iberian Trade Union Movement during the Transition to Democracy (1974-1979)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie V, Historia Contemporánea, no. 32 (June 23, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfv.32.2020.26052.

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El texto trata de la dimensión internacional de la transición sindical en Portugal y España. En concreto, analiza la contribución de la socialdemocracia alemana a la reconstrucción del movimiento sindical socialista, muy débil en ambos países al iniciarse el proceso de transición. Muestra cómo el temor a que el predominio comunista en las dos grandes centrales ibéricas, Intersindical y Comisiones Obreras, significase un factor de inestabilidad permanente en las nacientes democracias, movió a la DGB y la Fundación Ebert a implicarse masivamente en apoyo de las modestas organizaciones socialista
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9

Childs, Wendy R. "Anglo-Portuguese Trade in the Fifteenth Century." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 2 (December 1992): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679105.

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My concern in this paper is essentially the complementary commercial links of the two countries against the background of political friendship.Eighty years ago Miss Shillington put forward a very positive picture of the strength of Anglo-Portuguese trade, and apart from some work by Professor Carus-Wilson and Dr Livermore, not much has been done on this trade since, although almost all other aspects of Portuguese activity in northern and Mediterranean markets and in exploration have been considered, and the relationship of northern trade in Portugal's seemingly dramatic expansion into colonial
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10

Viotti da Costa, Emilia. "The Portuguese-African Slave Trade." Latin American Perspectives 12, no. 1 (1985): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x8501200103.

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11

Leite, Fabiano Costa, and Zuleica Dantas Pereira Campos. "TRADI(U)ÇÃO E VIOLÊNCIA – AS TRADUÇÕES DE LEVÍTICO 20,27." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 12, no. 20 (2018): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v12i20.743.

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A tradução da Bíblia para o português é marcada por inúmeras modificações na história, inclusive incluindo e removendo conceitos a partir da ideologia das comunidades de tradução. Objetivamos compreender, a partir do conceito da Análise do Discurso de Maingueneau, como o comportamento violento de alguns cristãos frente às religiões de matriz africana pode encontrar justificativa para seus atos a partir do texto bíblico traduzido para a língua portuguesa, especialmente Levítico 20,27, onde encontramos a lei que decreta a morte por apedrejamento, quando se refere à desobediência de falar com os
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12

Richardson, David. "The Portuguese Slave Trade from Angola." Journal of African History 32, no. 01 (1991): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700025378.

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13

Costa, Hermes Augusto. "Portuguese Trade Unions and European Integration." Lusotopie 13, no. 1 (2006): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17683084-01301003.

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14

LOVEJOY, HENRY B., and OLATUNJI OJO. "‘LUCUMÍ’, ‘TERRANOVA’, AND THE ORIGINS OF THE YORUBA NATION." Journal of African History 56, no. 3 (2015): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853715000328.

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AbstractThe etymology of ‘Lucumí’ and ‘Terranova’, ethnonyms used to describe Yoruba-speaking people during the Atlantic slave trade, helps to reconceptualize the origins of a Yoruba nation. While there is general agreement that ‘Lucumí’ refers to the Yoruba in diaspora, the origin of the term remains unclear. We argue ‘Lucumí’ was first used in the Benin kingdom as early as the fifteenth century, as revealed through the presence of Olukumi communities involved in chalk production. The Benin and Portuguese slave trade extended the use of ‘Lucumí’ to the Americas. As this trade deteriorated by
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15

Delson, Roberta Marx. "Algumas reflexões teóricas sobre a traje indígena no Brasil colônia." dObra[s] – revista da Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Pesquisas em Moda, no. 40 (April 1, 2024): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26563/dobras.i40.1813.

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O presente artigo é uma tentativa preliminar de aplicar as teorias sociais atuais sobre “vestuário” como uma forma de adorno, e “vestuário” como significante de classe em relação a questão dos modos de vestir dos povos indígenas no Brasil colonial. Partindo da análise de Joanne Enwistle, examino o encontro entre os indígenas e os administradores coloniais portugueses que ocorreu por mais de três séculos de controle. Também interpreto as ordens emitidas sobre as roupas dos nativos durante o controle do Diretório dos Índios. Minhas conclusões reforçam as teorias de que os adornos indígenas podem
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16

Truong, Anh Thuan, and Thi Vinh Linh Nguyen. "Trade of the Portuguese Royal and Private Traders in India from the 16th to the 19th Century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 4 (2022): 704–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.409.

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The 16th–19th centuries was the period that witnessed the ups and downs development of the trade of the Portuguese Crown and the Portuguese private traders in India. In fact, the maritime trade of the Portuguese Crown only developed significantly in the 16th century; from the 17th century, because of different reasons, it declined gradually. Finally, it had to depend on the British at the end of the 19th century. In contrast with the Portuguese Crown trade, although the commerce of the Portuguese private merchants had to face a lot of difficulties, it continued to expand its role and influence
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17

Oliveira, Maria de Fátima, and Pedro Reis. "Portuguese Agrifood Sector Resilience: An Analysis Using Structural Breaks Applied to International Trade." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (2023): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091699.

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In the last two decades, Portugal suffered the effects of two global crises, the financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the Common Agriculture Policy reforms. These crises had a great impact on the Portuguese economy, but it is completely unclear how they affected the dynamics of the Portuguese agrifood sector. This study’s objective is to analyze the resilience of this sector to European and global socks, testing the effects on international trade. Secondary data from the Portuguese Statistics Institute were used for the exports and imports trade series of animal and vegetable
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18

McIntosh, Susan Keech, and Brian M. Fagan. "Re-dating the Ingombe Ilede burials." Antiquity 91, no. 358 (2017): 1069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.74.

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Several burials excavated during 1960 at Ingombe Ilede in southern Africa were accompanied by exceptional quantities of gold and glass beads, bronze trade wire and bangles. The burials were indirectly dated to the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries AD, prior to the arrival of the Portuguese on the East Coast of Africa. New AMS dates on cotton fabric from two of the burials now relocate them in the sixteenth century. This was a dynamic period when the Portuguese were establishing market settlements along the Zambezi, generating new demands for trade products from the interior, and establishing t
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19

Oka, Mihoko, and François Gipouloux. "Pooling Capital and Spreading Risk: Maritime Investment in East Asia at the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century." Itinerario 37, no. 3 (2013): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000831.

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Foreign/long-distance trade has been one of the most popular themes in socio-economic history. However, the perceptions that we have of the role played by international trade in economic development is highly dependent on the actors we are focussing on. The universal actors of trade include ship owners, captains, crews, cargo owners, investors, mediators, agents, dealers, and so on. These actors, however, tend to be treated much like “merchants.” In this study, we focus particularly on capital investors to clarify the practical institutions of foreign trade that came to be organised in pre-mod
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20

Smith, Stefan Halikowski. "A Question of Quality: The Commercial Contest between Portuguese Atlantic Spices and Their Venetian Levantine Equivalents during the Sixteenth Century." Itinerario 26, no. 2 (2002): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530000913x.

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The old debate amongst historians as to whether the testimony of the sixteenth century really bears out Adam Smith's claim that the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope constitutes ‘one of the two and most important events in the recorded history of mankind’ was, it seems, put to sleep with Niels Steensgaard's thesis of 1973. Steensgaard argued that ‘a structural revolution’ and which truly sounded the death-knell of the old overland caravan trades competing with the sea borne routes, was not effected by the Portuguese from 1498 but awaited the Dutch. The debate, however, was couched very much on
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21

Lammey, David. "The Irish-Portuguese trade dispute, 1770-90." Irish Historical Studies 25, no. 97 (1986): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400025323.

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One dispute in Irish history which has not been given the attention it deserves is that which involved Britain, Ireland and Portugal during the years 1780-87 Authors of outline Irish histories, Lecky, Murray, George O’Brien and McDowell only mention the dispute briefly in their respective narratives, though it is clear they understood its importance to some degree at least. Maurice O’Connell, who has produced the only specialist study for the period in question, makes no reference to the dispute at all. This dispute has indeed been more substantially treated by the British historian, John Ehrm
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22

Seijas, Tatiana. "The Portuguese Slave Trade to Spanish Manila: 1580–1640." Itinerario 32, no. 1 (2008): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300001686.

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Catarina de San Juan was a slave woman who was brought to the Philippines in the 1610s on her way to Mexico, where she became a beata of great renown. Her experiences in the slave markets of Cochin and Manila suggest that Portuguese traders played a key role as the primary suppliers of Asian slaves to the Philippines. This paper argues that Portuguese slavers made a significant contribution to the Manila economy by providing an important labour force that helped build and maintain the colony from 1580 to 1640, the years of Iberian Union or, from the Portuguese perspective, the “Spanish Captivi
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23

Ersanda, Privera Ajeng, and Deny Yudo Wahyudi. "JARINGAN PERNIAGAAN HITU SEBAGAI BANDAR REMPAH DAN KAJIAN POTENSI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DALAM KURIKULUM MERDEKA UNTUK JENJANG SMK." Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia 6, no. 2 (2023): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um0330v6i2p264-285.

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Abstract: This study discusses the Hitu spice trade network and studies the potential for learning history in the Independent Curriculum for the SMK level. The writing of this study uses the literature study method by conducting an assessment of various literature in the form of articles, books, scientific journals, and previous studies that is relevant to the topic to be studied. The result of writing this study is that the Maluku Islands have been known as a trade network in the archipelago. The growth of the Hitu spice trading network is related to the creation of interaction and connectivi
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24

Simões, Fernando Dias. "Macau: A Seat for Sino-Lusophone Commercial Arbitration." Journal of International Arbitration 29, Issue 4 (2012): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2012025.

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One of the most meaningful paths of China's economic and diplomatic 'charm offensive' is the promotion of high-level contacts with the Portuguese-speaking countries. China is well aware of the potentials which derive from the use of the Portuguese language as a means of strategic projection. Macau plays an unmatched role in the promotion of economic and trade cooperation between China and the 'Lusophone World'. In 2010, during the third Ministerial Conference of the 'Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-Speaking Countries', the Ministers agreed to analyse the c
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25

Li, Michelle, and Stephen Matthews. "An outline of Macau Pidgin Portuguese." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 31, no. 1 (2016): 141–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.31.1.06li.

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In the early stages of the China trade European traders knew nothing of Chinese, while the Chinese traders were equally ignorant of European languages. It was in this setting that pidgin languages developed for interethnic communication. While the role of Chinese Pidgin English in the China trade is fairly well-understood (see Baker 1987; Baker & Mühlhäusler 1990; Bolton 2003; Ansaldo 2009), the use of pidgin Portuguese is poorly documented and our understanding of it is correspondingly limited (Tryon, Mühlhäusler & Baker 1996). In this article we discuss what can be learnt from a newl
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26

الشاهر, حسين. "الاهمية الاقتصادية لميناء بندر عباس في عهد الشاه عباس الكبير واثرها على الخليج العربي 1622-1629". Uruk Journal 15, № 3-P1 (2022): 1873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/uj05/022-15/1873-1886.

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Bandar Abbas has taken an important role in the Persian Gulf and Faris Land as it lies on the Eastern coast of the Persian Gulf and it is considered an important stage on the road towards India, It is also the principle gate of transferring goods to the Persian land, Most travellers and tradesmen from different countries coming from the Persian Gulf enter Faris Land form Bandar Abbas, The harbor has developed and became the trading main center of the Persian Gulf and Faris Land after it was a small village for fishing, It became a big trade harbor after a short time and trades agencies were th
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27

More, Anna. "The Early Portuguese Slave Ship and the Infrastructure of Racial Capitalism." Social Text 40, no. 4 (2022): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-10013290.

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Abstract This article argues that an infrastructural analysis of the early Portuguese slave trade permits a detailed account of the emergence of what Cedric Robinson called “racial capitalism.” The early Portuguese slave ship is one of the clearest examples of how an infrastructure of accumulation accelerated the racialization of capitalism. As denounced by the 1684 Portuguese Law on Tonnage, the holds of the early slave ships created spatial regimes that regularly killed captives through asphyxiation, a unique form of death resulting from the reduction of human life to capital. If enslavement
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28

Silveira, Theciana Silva. "Metáforas linguísticas culturais da terminologia do petróleo: o caso de Angola, Brasil e Portugal." Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture 45, no. 2 (2024): e67744. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascilangcult.v45i2.67744.

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A metáfora vista enquanto recurso cognitivo da língua é entendida como um mecanismo fundamental para a compreensão das diversas experiências humanas e está presente no cotidiano. Assim, a metáfora, como estratégia produtiva de nomeação, torna-se relevante também para análise do objeto dos estudos terminológicos descritivos de base linguística. Considerando essa realidade, o presente texto busca analisar e descrever metáforas linguísticas culturais no universo do petróleo, no espaço da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), especialmente nos países: Angola, Brasil e Portugal. Tomam-
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Shaoxin, Dong. "Research Statement: Portuguese–Dutch Conflicts and the Macao–Nagasaki Trade in the Early Seventeenth Century." Itinerario 37, no. 3 (2013): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511531300082x.

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The Macao–Nagasaki connection in the early seventeenth century involved a complex set of interrelationships with regard to trade, mission, cultural intercourse, and other important topics between China, Japan, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands. The rise to importance of Macao and Nagasaki was the result of the interruption of Sino–Japanese trade relations and the policy adjustments by the governments of China and Japan to bring the Portuguese under their control and administration. One of the main differences between Macao and Nagasaki was that the former remained a Portuguese settlement fo
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Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. "Persians, Pilgrims and Portuguese: The Travails of Masulipatnam Shipping in the Western Indian Ocean, 1590–1665." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (1988): 503–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009653.

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The Coromandel port of Masulipatnam, at the northern extremity of the Krishna delta, rose to prominence as a major centre of maritime trade in the last quarter of the sixteenth century. Its growing importance after about 1570 is explicable in terms of two sets of events: first, the consolidation of the Sultanate of Golkonda under Ibrahim Qutb Shah (r. 1550–1580), and second, the rise within the Bay of Bengal of a network of ports with a distinctly anti-Portuguese character, including the Sumatran centre of Aceh, the ports of lower Burma, of Arakan, as well as Masulipatnam itself. Round about 1
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31

Nunes, Rosana Barbosa. "Portuguese Migration to Rio de Janeiro, 1822-1850." Americas 57, no. 1 (2000): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500030200.

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During the period between the Brazilian declaration of independence from Portugal in 1822 and Brazil's abolition of the slave trade in 1850, Rio de Janeiro constituted the most important destination of Portuguese emigrants in the world. In 1841, the preponderance of these immigrants in that city was described by a representative of the Portuguese government in Rio, Ildefonso Leopoldo Bayard:In the shops in Rio de Janeiro you find that the majority of the clerks are Portuguese, … in theengenhosthe Portuguese are the administrators and the slaves' overseers, in the residences they are the servan
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32

Shokoohy, Mehrdad. "The Zoroastrian fire temple in the ex-Portuguese colony of Diu, India." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 13, no. 1 (2003): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618630200295x.

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AbstractThe ex-Portuguese town of Diu on the island with the same name off the south coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, is one of the best-preserved and yet least-studied Portuguese colonial towns. Diu was the last of the Portuguese strongholds in India, the control of which was finally achieved in 1539 after many years of futile struggle and frustrating negotiations with the sultanate of Gujarat. During the late sixteenth and seventeenth century Diu remained a main staging post for Portuguese trade in the Indian Ocean, but with the appearance of the Dutch, and later the French and British, on the
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33

Freixedo, Xosé Bieito Arias. "En vós mostrou El seu poder. A poética hiperbólica das cantigas de amor galego-portuguesas." SIGNUM - Revista da ABREM 13, no. 2 (2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21572/2177-7306.2013.v13.n.2.02.

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No presente artigo realiza-se uma aproximação de tipo descritivo ao uso da hipérbole na poesia trovadoresca galego-portuguesa: faz-se um percurso pelos temas e motivos tratados nas canti-gas de amor sob o prisma do exagero hi-perbólico (tais como o sofrimento, a bele-za da dama, o amor, etc.) e simultanea-mente examinam-se os mecanismos ou procedimentos hiperbolizantes emprega-dos com mais frequência pelos trova-dores. Exemplifica-se com os casos mais relevantes deste gênero amoroso galego-português e também se oferecem como re-ferência alguns exemplos de outras tradi-ções literárias como a oc
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34

Mendes, Carmen Amado. "Macau in China's relations with the lusophone world." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 57, spe (2014): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201400214.

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After the transfer of the Portuguese administration to China, Macau kept its role as a bridge between East and West, inspired in the Portuguese settlement 500 years ago. The pragmatism of the Chinese central government, using the Lusophone specificities of this Special Administrative Region, supported the creation of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and the Portuguese-speaking Countries, reviving the statute of the Portuguese language and culture in its own territory.
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Thornton, John K. "The Kingdom of Kongo and the Counter Reformation." Social Sciences and Missions 26, no. 1 (2013): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-02601002.

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From early contact with the Portuguese and conversion to Christianity in the late 15th century and continuing through the Counter Reformation, the Kingdom of Kongo resisted Portuguese colonialism while remaining steadfastly loyal to the Roman Catholic Church. Against the turbulent backdrop of the growing Atlantic slave trade, internal conflict and power struggles, and Portuguese presence in Luanda, Kongo repeatedly resisted the temptation to break from Rome and establish its own Church, in spite of Portuguese control of the Episcopate. In the late 16th century King Álvaro clashed with the Port
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36

Brown, Gregory G. "The Impact Of American Flour Imports On Brazilian Wheat Production: 1808-1822." Americas 47, no. 3 (1991): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006803.

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In 1808 the Portuguese Crown ended centuries of imperial practice by opening Brazilian ports to the direct trade of friendly nations. This new royal policy caused considerable consternation among conservative Portuguese merchants and manufacturers who feared that a flood of foreign imports would drain precious metals out of the empire, and that economically stronger foreign merchants would monopolize Brazilian trade, thus ruining manufacturing in Brazil. Many Brazilian landowners, on the other hand, supported freer trade because they believed it would stimulate production and export of agricul
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Brown, Gregory G. "The Impact Of American Flour Imports On Brazilian Wheat Production: 1808-1822." Americas 47, no. 03 (1991): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500016722.

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In 1808 the Portuguese Crown ended centuries of imperial practice by opening Brazilian ports to the direct trade of friendly nations. This new royal policy caused considerable consternation among conservative Portuguese merchants and manufacturers who feared that a flood of foreign imports would drain precious metals out of the empire, and that economically stronger foreign merchants would monopolize Brazilian trade, thus ruining manufacturing in Brazil. Many Brazilian landowners, on the other hand, supported freer trade because they believed it would stimulate production and export of agricul
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38

Walker, Timothy. "Medicinal Mercury in Early Modern Portuguese Records: Recipes and Methods from Eighteenth-Century Medical Guidebooks." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 69, no. 4 (2015): 1017–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2015-1045.

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Abstract This chapter will present and explicate rare information regarding circumstances and techniques for the application of medicinal mercury in the Portuguese medical context during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Through the use of Portuguese medical texts (including translated excerpts), the chapter will provide insight into how early modern Portuguese practitioners processed and employed mercury to treat various ailments. Of interest, too, will be that these remedies were developed at several disparate locations throughout the Portuguese imperial world (China, India, Angola,
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39

Cardoso, Hugo C. "The African slave population of Portuguese India." Pidgins and Creoles in Asian Contexts 25, no. 1 (2010): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.25.1.04car.

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This article is primarily concerned with quantifying the African(-born) population in the early Portuguese settlements in India and defining its linguistic profile, as a means to understand the extent and limitations of its impact on the emerging Indo-Portuguese creoles. Apart from long-established commercial links (including the slave trade) between East Africa and India, which could have facilitated linguistic interchange between the two regions, Smith (1984) and Clements (2000) also consider that the long African sojourn of all those travelling the Cape Route may have transported an African
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40

Passos, Taciana Silveira, and Marcos Antonio Almeida-Santos. "Condomless sex in Internet-based sex work: systematic review and meta-analysis." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (2020): e22191210994. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10994.

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Objective: Meta-analyze the proportion of condomless sex traded on the Internet according to the offer on websites advertising sex work and demand in customer forums; and to examine the relationship between condomless sex and the type of sex, target-group, gender and actors involved. Methodology: Data was collected from PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect from the inception of each database to 06 March 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The effect size was the proportion itself, and the dispersion was measured under 95% confidence intervals. Results: From 2041 articles, 16
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Sweet, James H. "Peter Mark. “Portuguese” Style and Luso-African Identity: Precolonial Senegambia, Sixteenth-Nineteenth Centuries. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002." Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, no. 2 (2005): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417505230190.

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Peter Mark's “Portuguese” Style is a welcome contribution to the growing literature on the history and development of Atlantic world cultures. In particular, Mark examines the evolution and proliferation of “Portuguese”-style domestic architecture, primarily in Senegambia, but also in other parts of the Portuguese colonial world, including Cape Verde and Brazil. For Mark, “Portuguese”-style is an amalgamation of Jola and Manding architectural forms, and to a lesser extent, those of the Portuguese. This architectural style—sun-dried brick houses, rectangular in shape, with whitewashed walls, an
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42

Alves, Abel A., and James C. Boyajian. "Portuguese Trade in Asia under the Habsburgs. 1580-1640." Sixteenth Century Journal 25, no. 2 (1994): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542929.

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Wills, John E., and James C. Boyajian. "Portuguese Trade in Asia under the Habsburgs, 1580-1640." American Historical Review 99, no. 1 (1994): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166180.

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44

Borschberg, Peter. "The Seizure of the Sta. Catarina Revisited: The Portuguese Empire in Asia, VOC Politics and the Origins of the Dutch-Johor Alliance (1602 – c.1616)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (2002): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463402000024.

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The seizure of the Sta. Catarina took place off the east coast of Singapore in 1603 and was popularised by the Dutch lawyer and humanist Hugo Grotius. Based on Dutch and Portuguese sources, the article revisits the incident to critique Grotius' account and provide a snapshot of Portuguese trade and diplomacy in Asia at the time.
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45

Malieckal, Bindu. "Early modern Goa: Indian trade, transcultural medicine, and the Inquisition." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 26 (April 13, 2015): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67451.

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Portugal’s introduction of the Inquisition to India in 1560 placed the lives of Jews, New Christians, and selected others labelled ‘heretics’, in peril. Two such victims were Garcia da Orta, a Portuguese New Christian with a thriving medical practice in Goa, and Gabriel Dellon, a French merchant and physician. In scholarship, Garcia da Orta and Gabriel Dellon’s texts are often examined separately within the contexts of Portuguese and French literature respectively and in terms of medicine and religion in the early modern period. Despite the similarities of their training and experiences, da Or
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46

Silva, Marta, Luís Pereira Gomes, and Isabel Cristina Lopes. "Explanatory Factors of the Capital Structure." Emerging Science Journal 4, no. 6 (2020): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01249.

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This paper presents an empirical study of the capital structure of Portuguese companies where the main objective is to find key explanatory factors for indebtedness decisions. The relations between indebtedness and its determinants are tested in the light of the Trade-Off Theory and the Pecking-Order Theory. The motivation of this work was to contribute to the scientific research on the influential determinants of the capital structure and to deepen the knowledge of the Portuguese market. The quantitative methodology is used, through an econometric model for panel data using accounting informa
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Leitão, Nuno Carlos, Matheus Koengkan, and José Alberto Fuinhas. "The Role of Intra-Industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Renewable Energy on Portuguese Carbon Dioxide Emissions." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 15131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215131.

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This paper revisited the link between intra-industry trade (IIT) between Portugal and Spain and Portuguese carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The research also considers the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO2 emissions, pondering the arguments of the pollution haven hypothesis and the halo hypothesis. As an econometric strategy, this investigation has applied panel data, namely a Pooled Mean Group of an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Panel Quantile Regression (PQR). The preliminary unit root tests indicated that IIT, Portuguese and Spanish renewable energy, and Por
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Borschberg, Peter. "Hugo Grotius' Theory of Trans-Oceanic Trade Regulation: Revisiting Mare Liberum (1609)." Itinerario 29, no. 3 (2005): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300010469.

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The setting is 25 February 1603. At dawn the three ships under the supreme command of Jakob van Heemskerk spot a Portuguese carrack in anchor off the Eastern shores of Singapore Island. She was richly laden with wares from China and Japan. The battle for the carrack lasted for most hours of daylight, and as night was about to fall, the Portuguese captain, crew, soldiers and passengers surrendered. They forfeited ship and cargo for having their lives spared.
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Arsaratnam, S. "The Rice Trade in Eastern India 1650–1740." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (1988): 531–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009665.

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The historical literature on Indian Ocean trade has now come to recognize the importance of food-grains as an ingredient of that trade. In the western part of the Ocean (the Arabian Sea), its eastern part (Bay of Bengal) and within the Southeast Asian mainland and islands, there is every evidence of a substantial movement of food-grains from surplus areas to deficit areas. Though the scale and frequency of this trade may not be relatively as important in the regional economy as Braudel has outlined for the Mediterranean (with the assistance, it must be admitted, of superior quantitative eviden
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Halikowski Smith, Stefan. "‘Profits sprout like tropical plants’: a fresh look at what went wrong with the Eurasian spice tradec. 1550–1800." Journal of Global History 3, no. 3 (2008): 389–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022808002775.

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AbstractThere has been little in the way of fresh thinking on the Eurasian spice trade since the 1980s, partly due to the crisis in economic history, although recent work has both dealt with the agency of non-European actors and started to take Chinese demand into the equation. Starting with problems specific to the Portuguese re-export trade, this article highlights the role of consumers, using research undertaken on the structures of demand to present a theory of cultural demystification. The Portuguese, it is argued, by opening direct trading links to the sources of supply, broke what amoun
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