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PIá‡ARRA, MARIA DO CARMO. "”CINEMA IMPÉRIO”: a projeção colonial do Estado Novo português nos filmes das exposições entre guerras mundiais." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 13, no. 22 (December 28, 2016): 126–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v13i22.551.
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Este artigo analisa como é que Portugal ”imaginou” as ex-colónias através do cinema focando a produção de filmes feitos quer para projecção de Portugal como potência colonial nas exposições internacionais entreguerras quer para fixação das grandes exposições nacionais de afirmação e legitimação do regime ditatorial do Estado Novo português. A análise da instrumentalização do cinema pela propaganda colonial ocidental só agora começa a ser feita, mas se comprova a necessidade de uma investigação abrangente para melhor compreensão do uso propagandista do cinema, pela ditadura portuguesa, para promover a polática colonial. Na investigação pós-doutoral em curso, intitulada ””˜Cinema Império”™. Portugal, França e Inglaterra, representações do império no cinema”, analiso as representações cinematográficas coloniais na longa duração. Neste artigo, porém, analiso especificamente a produção portuguesa de filmes para participação (e sobre as) nas grandes exposições coloniais nacionais ”“ Colonial, do Porto, e Exposição do Mundo Português, em Lisboa ”“ e internacionais ”“ Sevilha, Antuérpia e Paris ”“ entre 1930 e 1940. Que filmes foram feitos, por quem e para quem? Com que propósitos? Que representações propuseram? ”“ são estas as questões que abordo, através da análise fálmica e de algumas fontes documentais que ainda não tinham sido referenciadas.Palavras chave: Cinema colonial. Exposições internacionais. Propaganda colonial. Estado Novo.”EMPIRE CINEMA”: the colonial projection of the Portuguese ”˜Estado Novo”™ in the films of the exhibitions between the World WarsAbstract: This article analyses how Portugal ”imagined” its former colonies through the cinema focusing on a production of films made for the projection of Portugal as a colonial power in the international expositions between the Twentieth Century World Wars or for the registration of the great national exhibitions of affirmation and legitimation of the Estado Novo dictatorial regime. The analysis of the uses of cinema by Western colonial propaganda has begun to be made only recently. There are few studies on how the cinema has represented the former colonies. They confirm the need for a comprehensive investigation for a better understanding of the propagandist use of cinema, especially by the Portuguese dictatorship, to promote colonial politics. In my ongoing postdoctoral research, entitled ””™Empire Cinema”™. Portugal, France, and England, representations of the empire in the cinema”, I analyse the colonial cinematographic representations in the ”long-duration”. In this article, however, I specifically analyse the Portuguese production of films for projection in (and also the films produced about) the great national expositions ”“ the Colonial Exposition, at Porto, and the ”Portuguese World” Exposition, in Lisbon - and international expositions - Seville, Antwerp and Paris - between 1930 and 1940. What movies were made, by whom and for what audiences? For what purposes? What colonial representations did they propose? - these are the questions I address, through film analysis and some documentary sources that have not yet been referenced.Keywords: Colonial cinema. International expositions. Colonial propaganda. Estado Novo. "CINEMA IMPERIO": la proyección colonial del ”˜Estado Novo”™ portugués en las peláculas de las exposiciones entre guerras mondialesResumen: Este artáculo analiza como Portugal ”imaginó” las ex-colonias a través del cine, haciendo foco en la producción de peláculas realizadas tanto para proyección de Portugal en cuanto potencia colonial en las exposiciones internacionales de entreguerras como para las grandes exposiciones nacionales de afirmación y legitimación del régimen dictatorial del Nuevo Estado portugués. El análisis de la instrumentalización del cine por la propaganda colonial occidental es reciente, pero se comprueba la necesidad de una investigación más abarcadora para una mejor comprensión del uso propagandista del cinema por la dictadura portuguesa, con el fin de promover la polática colonial. En la investigación postdoctoral en curso, titulada ”Cinema Imperio. Portugal, Francia e Inglaterra representaciones del imperio en el cine”, analizo en la larga duración (Braudel) las representaciones cinematográficas coloniales. En este artáculo, sin embargo, me centraré especáficamente en la producción de peláculas para (y sobre) participación en las grandes exposiciones coloniales nacionales ”“ Colonial, do Porto y ”˜Exposição do Mundo Português”™, en Lisboa ”“ e internacionales Sevilla, Antuérpia y Parás ”“ entre 1930 y 1940. ¿Qué largometrajes fueron hechos, por qué y para quién? ¿Con qué propósitos? ¿Qué representaciones proponen? Son estas las cuestiones que abordo, a través del análisis fálmico y de algunas fuentes documentales que hasta hoy no habáan sido referenciadas.Palabras clave: Cine colonial. Exposiciones coloniales. Propaganda. Nuevo Estado.
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Ferreira, Verónica. "The construction of a web narrative about the Portuguese colonial war: a critical perspective on Wikipedia." Culture & History Digital Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): e010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.010.
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As part of recent research into the Portuguese colonial war in the sphere of memory studies, this article seeks to fill a gap in the underexplored field of digital memories. It aims, firstly, to explore the processes through which discourses about the Portuguese colonial war are produced in the Portuguese version of Wikipedia, looking at its dynamics and mechanisms of construction, including formal and informal rules; and secondly, to analyse that discourse using theoretical and methodological considerations from critical discourse analysis (CDA), complemented with concepts of absence and silence, which enable a reflection on the relationship between power, knowledge and memory. The article also explores the limits of Wikipedia as regards the formation of collaborative narratives about the past, arguing that they are marked by the reproduction of Eurocentric narratives which circulate in political, educational and media discourses, and also by the memories of more conservative sectors of Portuguese society, such as war veterans and former settlers returning from the colonies (the so-called retornados). These narratives mask the colonial violence and resistance to it that preceded the colonial war and depoliticize the struggle of the national liberation movements.
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Rückert, Gustavo Henrique. "É UMA CASA PORTUGUESA COM CERTEZA OU O ESPLENDOR DE PORTUGAL." Revista Prâksis 2 (July 23, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25112/rpr.v2i0.1644.
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O esplendor de Portugal, romance publicado pelo escritor português António Lobo Antunes em 1997, representa o declínio da ação colonial portuguesa na África a partir do retrato de uma tradicional família de colonos em Angola no contexto do pós-independência e da guerra civil. A figura da casa da família, localizada em uma fazenda na Baixa do Cassanje, passa a ser o elemento fundamental para a compreensão das relações de poder decorrentes daquela sociedade. É a partir das memórias das vivências de quatro membros da família no local (Isilda, Carlos, Rui e Clarisse), que o colonialismo mistura-se à vida pessoal e passa a ser narrado a partir de suas fronteiras. Dessa forma, este artigo pretende investigar a figura da casa em O esplendor de Portugal enquanto espaço de manifestação das relações coloniais estabelecidas nas margens do império português. Para a análise proposta, serão utilizados os estudos teóricos e críticos de diferentes autores, entre os quais destacam-se Homi Bhabha e Boaventura de Sousa Santos.Palavras-chave: Casa. Colonialismo. Portugal.ABSTRACTThe splendor of Portugal, a novel published by the Portuguese writer António Lobo Antunes in 1997, represents the decline of Portuguese colonial action in Africa, focusing on the portrait of a traditional settler family in Angola in the context of post-independence and civil war. The figure of the family house, located on a farm in the Baixa do Cassanje, becomes the fundamental element for the understanding of the relations of power deriving from that society. Colonialism mixes with personal life and begins to be narrated from its borders with the memories of the experiences of four members of the family in the place (Isilda, Carlos, Rui and Clarisse). Thus, this article intends to investigate the figure of the house in The splendor of Portugal as a space of manifestation of the colonial relations established on the margins of the Portuguese empire. The theoretical and critical studies of different authors, notably Homi Bhabha and Boaventura de Sousa Santos, will be used for the proposed analysis.Keywords: House. Colonialism. Portugal.
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VARGAFTIG, NADIA. "A CONSTRUÇÃO VISUAL DE UM TERRITORIO COLONIAL: o fundo fotográfico da Companhia de Moçambique (1892-1942)." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 13, no. 22 (December 28, 2016): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v13i22.552.
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Este artigo pretende introduzir e apresentar a parte fotográfica do Arquivo da Companhia de Moçambique, acervo depositado há 15 anos no Arquivo da Torre do Tombo em Lisboa. Fornecendo algumas informações relativas á sua produção, conservação e indexação, assim como outras de ordem estatástica (origem geográfica, conteúdo temático, data de produção), gostaráamos de salientar seu valor para o pesquisador interessado em estudos visuais da dominação colonial em contexto luso-imperial, mostrando a diversidade das funções do clichê. Instrumento de estudo técnico e cientáfico, ilustração da vida social na colónia central de Moçambique, suporte de propaganda e comunicação, a fotografia produzida entre o fim da década dos anos 1880 e 1942 merece a atenção, quando utilizada com a máxima atenção dada ao contexto local, regional, imperial e internacional, principalmente quando se trata de uma instituição hábrida como a Companhia de Moçambique, portuguesa pela lei, franco-britá¢nica pelos capitais, que administrou e controlou Moçambique central, mantendo relações complexas com o Estado português, a sociedade colonial e os interesses capitalistas norte-europeus.Palavras-chave: Companhia de Moçambique. Arquivo fotográfico. Propaganda.VISUAL CONSTRUCTION OF A COLONIAL TERRITORY: the photographic collection of Mozambique Company (1892-1942)Abstract: This article aims to introduce the photographic part of the Mozambique Companhy Files , which has been incorporated 15 years ago in the Files of ”Torre do Tombo”, in Lisbon. Providing some information concerning to its production ,conservation and organization, as well as others on the statistic field (geographical origin, thematic content and year of production) we”™d like to underline its value for researchers who are interested in visual studies applied to colonial domination in Portuguese imperial context, showing how diverse are the functions of the cliché. Tool for technical and scientific studies, illustration of the social life in the central colony of Mozambique, support of propaganda and communication, the photography produced between the end of the decade of the 1880”™s and 1942, deserves our attention, when it is analysed focusing on local, regional, imperial and international context, particularly for such an hybrid institution, portuguese by the law, french-british by the investments which administrated and controled the central of Mozambique, maintaining complex relations with the Portuguese state, the colonial society and capitalist North-European interests.Keywords: Mozambique Company. Photographic File archive. Propaganda. Construcción visual de un territorio colonial: la colección fotográfica de la Compañáa de Mozambique (1892-1942)Resumen: Este artáculo pretende introducir la parte fotográfica del Archivo de la Compañáa de Mozambique, que se ha incorporado hace 15 años al Archivo de la Torre do Tombo, en Lisboa. Al dar algunas informaciones sobre sus condiciones de producción, conservación e indexación, y otras relativas a las estadásticas (origen geográfico, contenido temático y fecha de producción), queremos subrayar su valor para el investigador interesado en los estudios visuales aplicados a la dominación colonial en contexto luso-imperial, mostrando la diversidad de las funciones del cliché. Herramienta para estudio técnico y cientáfico, ilustración de la vida social en la colonia central de Mozambique, apoyo a la propaganda y la comunicación, la fotografáa producida entre finales de la década de 1880 y 1942 merece nuestra atención, cuando utilizada enfocando el contexto local, regional, imperial e internacional, en particular para una institución tan hábrida como la Compañáa de Mozambique, portuguesa por la ley, franco-británica por los capitales, que administró y controló Mozambique central, manteniendo relaciones complejas con el Estado portugués, la sociedad colonial y los intereses capitalistas norte-europeos.Palabras-claves: Compañáa de Mozambique. Archivo fotográfico. Propaganda.
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Shokoohy, Mehrdad. "The Zoroastrian fire temple in the ex-Portuguese colony of Diu, India." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 13, no. 1 (April 2003): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618630200295x.
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AbstractThe ex-Portuguese town of Diu on the island with the same name off the south coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, is one of the best-preserved and yet least-studied Portuguese colonial towns. Diu was the last of the Portuguese strongholds in India, the control of which was finally achieved in 1539 after many years of futile struggle and frustrating negotiations with the sultanate of Gujarat. During the late sixteenth and seventeenth century Diu remained a main staging post for Portuguese trade in the Indian Ocean, but with the appearance of the Dutch, and later the French and British, on the scene the island gradually lost its strategic importance. The town was subjected to little renovation during the nineteenth century while in the twentieth century Diu was no more than an isolated Portuguese outpost with meagre trade until it was taken over by India in 1961. As a result, unlike the other former Portuguese colonies in India – Daman and Goa – Diu has preserved most of its original characteristics: a Portuguese colonial town plan, a sixteenth-century fort and a number of old churches, as well as many of the eighteenth and nineteenth-century houses.
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ROQUE, RICARDO. "The blood that remains: card collections from the colonial anthropological missions." BJHS Themes 4 (2019): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2019.1.
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AbstractIn this paper I discuss the history of colonial collections through a focus on the social life of a set of blood group cards held by Portuguese institutions since the 1950s. Between the 1940s and 1960s, a series of anthropological field expeditions were organized by the Portuguese Overseas Science Research Board to the then Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia. A large number of samples of indigenous blood were collected on blood group paper cards in the course of these campaigns. The cards were then stored in Portugal and used for racial serological studies until the 1980s. Thereafter, the collection survived various institutional deaths. Throughout its post-colonial existence in Portuguese institutions, the cards seem to have moved ambivalently between a condition of valued asset and one of obsolete material. And yet they revealed a resilient capacity to mediate conceptions of historical time. Thus the essay asks what it might mean to approach these collections as colonial ‘chronotope’ – devices for connecting space and time – and how and why they endured through various ends, culminating as a genetically contaminated museum object.
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Larsen, Ingemai. "Silenced Voices: Colonial and Anti-Colonial Literature in Portuguese Literary History." Lusotopie 13, no. 2 (November 1, 2006): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/176830806778698213.
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Alden, Dauril. "Fruitless Trees: Portuguese Conservation and Brazil’s Colonial Timber." Hispanic American Historical Review 81, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-81-2-384.
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Cleminson, Richard, and Ricardo Roque. "Imagining the ‘Biochemical Race’: Sero-Anthropology and Concepts of Racial Purity in Portugal (1900s–1950s)." European History Quarterly 51, no. 3 (July 2021): 355–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914211025468.
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This article traces the reception of blood group research in Portuguese physical anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century and analyses its presence as ‘sero-anthropology’ within the context of the disciplinary and political dynamics of colonial and metropolitan Portugal and against the background of international developments on blood group research. It argues that Portugal, hitherto largely understudied in relation to the broader international picture, was in tune with these developments. The article argues further that Portuguese physical anthropology, particularly research based at the University of Porto, was deeply ingrained with the fear of ‘contamination’ of the ‘race’ by the colonialized ‘other’ and sought to differentiate the Portuguese from the peoples of Africa and the East where Portugal possessed colonies, while it also sought to place the Portuguese within the scale of racial hierarchies of ‘whites’ in Europe. The article elaborates on a number of central and marginal figures within Portuguese anthropology to illustrate these claims and argues that the discipline was in tune with wider European developments in the field but with specific colonialist and racialist inflections, some of which are still felt in Portuguese culture today.
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Ferraz de Matos, Patrícia. "Racial and Social Prejudice in the Colonial Empire." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 28, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2019.280203.
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This article analyses the issue of miscegenation in Portugal, which is directly associated with the context of its colonial empire, from late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries. The analysis considers sources from both literary and scientific fields. Subsequently, aspects such as interracial marriage, degeneration and segregation as well as the changes brought about by the end of World War II and the social revolutions of the 1960s are considered. The 1980s brought several changes in the attitude towards Portuguese identity and nationality, which had meanwhile cut loose from its colonial context. Crossbreeding was never actually praised in the Portuguese colonial context, and despite still having strong repercussions in the present day, lusotropicalism was based on a fallacious rhetoric of politically motivated propaganda.
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Almeida, Pedro Tavares de. "Ruling the empire: the Portuguese colonial office (1820s-1926)." Revista de História das Ideias 27 (2006): 137–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_27_5.
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Waldorff, Pétur. "Renegotiated (Post)Colonial Relations within the New Portuguese Migration to Angola." Africa Spectrum 52, no. 3 (December 2017): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971705200303.
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This article examines the new wave of Portuguese migration to Luanda in the first decade after Angola's civil war, a time characterised by extensive economic growth and shifting economic prospects in Angola. It frames Portuguese–Angolan relations in contemporary Angola, relations that are sometimes portrayed as amicable and influenced by a common brotherhood, as multifaceted. This article distinguishes different social, cultural, and historic interpretations of this migration and investigates how such interpretations influence people's relations, identities, feelings, and personal understandings of the social, political, and historic contexts that people confront on a daily basis in contemporary Luanda, a capital city where “colonial encounters in postcolonial contexts” have increasingly become everyday occurrences. It argues that at the intersections of Angolan and Portuguese contact in Angola, new configurations of power are being produced and reproduced against the backdrop of its colonial history and Lusotropicalist myths, where colonial and postcolonial inequalities, as well as economic opportunities, are brought to the fore in both Angolan and Portuguese imaginaries.
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Sim, Teddy Y. H. "Portuguese Defence Activities at Macau During the Boxer Uprising." Journal of Chinese Military History 6, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341317.
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Abstract This article examines Portuguese colonial and military activities at Macau during the Boxer Uprising of 1900, connecting developments across the border in Guangdong with initiatives undertaken by the colonial authorities in Macau. The Portuguese perceived the situation to be serious enough that substantial reinforcements were eventually sent from the metropole, in addition to various other measures taken to strengthen the colony’s defenses. Portugal also used Macau as a base to coordinate the operations of its consulates in China, and exploited the Boxer debacle to press for new concessions and other advantages at China’s expense. At the end, it is hoped that the limited and relatively unknown role played by Portugal, in conjunction with the larger kaleidoscope of events around Macau, may be better illuminated.
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Maia, Ângela, and Diogo Morgado. "Portuguese Colonial War veterans’ physical health: A systematic review." PSICOLOGIA 33, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v33i2.1439.
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After 45 years, little is known about Portuguese Colonial War veterans’ physical health. This systematic review aimed to fill this gap. Following PRISMA guidelines, searches were conducted, on November 2018, in seven electronic databases for the inclusion of Portuguese or English quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method published studies, unpublished master’s or doctoral theses and research reports that focused on physical health. Seventy-one studies were identified; 10 were considered eligible. Veterans reported several physical complaints and chronic diseases, as well as risk behaviors and health services use for the relief of psychological symptoms. Differences were found between veterans and nonveterans, and veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Combat exposure and PTSD were associated with physical morbidity, in which PTSD was a full mediator. Implications for practice and recommendation for future research are discussed.
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Cohen, Simona. "Hybridity in the Colonial Arts of South India, 16th–18th Centuries." Religions 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090684.
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This study examines the multiplicity of styles and heterogeneity of the arts created on the southern coasts of India during the period of colonial rule. Diverging from the trajectory of numerous studies that underline biased and distorted conceptions of India promoted in European and Indian literary sources, I examine ways in which Indian cultural traditions and religious beliefs found substantial expression in visual arts that were ostensibly geared to reinforce Christian worship and colonial ideology. This investigation is divided into two parts. Following a brief overview, my initial focus will be on Indo-Portuguese polychrome woodcarvings executed by local artisans for churches in the areas of Goa and Kerala on the Malabar coast. I will then relate to Portuguese religious strategies reflected in south Indian churches, involving the destruction of Hindu temples and images and their replacement with Catholic equivalents, inadvertently contributing to the survival of indigenous beliefs and recuperation of the Hindu monuments they replaced.
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Peralta, Elsa, Morgane Delaunay, and Bruno Góis. "Portuguese (Post-)Imperial Migrations: Race, Citizenship, and Labour." Journal of Migration History 8, no. 3 (October 10, 2022): 404–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-08030004.
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Abstract This article examines the connected histories of (post)colonial migration and labour within the scope of the Portuguese empire and its aftermath. Presenting a long-term analysis, ranging from the abolition of slavery in the first half of the nineteenth century until today’s debates over the Portuguese nationality law, it focuses on the many continuities between the colonial past and the postcolonial present, in particular with respect to citizenship rights and the racialised boundaries of the Portuguese national community. Through its focus on the less well-known case of Portugal, the article highlights the processes of ethno-homogenisation and the related exclusions woven by Western European (post-)imperial nation states, which, until this day, fail to recognise full citizenship rights for millions of racialised people living within Europe’s borders.
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Barreto Xavier, Ângela. "Languages of Difference in the Early Modern Portuguese Empire. The Spread of “Caste” in the Indian World." Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura 43, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/achsc.v43n2.59071.
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This essay discusses the circulation of the language of caste in the Indian world in the context of the Portuguese empire. Caste is an inevitable word in the moment of considering the Indian social system, as well as to compare it with European/Western societies. Since it was a word initially brought by the Portuguese to the Indian world, it is relevant to ask whether the Portuguese played an important role in its transformation into such a relevant social category. Six of the most important sixteenth-century narratives about the Portuguese presence in India, as well as treatises, letters, legal documents, vocabularies and dictionaries of the early-modern period will be under scrutiny in order to identify the variations of the word “casta”, its circulation in Estado da Índia, and beyond it. The analysis of these sources will also permit to understand how Portuguese colonial experience shaped the future meanings of “casta”, and therefore, the ways “casta” shaped Indian society (and not only).
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Puga, Rogério Miguel. "A história como estratégia e tema literários na Comédia de Diu (1601), de Simão Machado." Moderna Språk 112, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v112i2.7669.
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Abstract Using concepts and the methodology of Imagology, this article analyses the process of fictionalisation of the period prior to the Siege of Diu (1538) in the bilingual play Comédia de Diu (Comedy of Diu, 1601), by Simão Machado. This historical play shares characteristics with the historical novel, and represents the conflicts between the Portuguese and the “Moorish” King Bandur in the Portuguese fortress of Diu (India). This article studies the playwright’s use of History and of self- and hetero-stereotypes to characterise and glorify the Portuguese historical characters and, metonymically, the Portuguese maritime and colonial enterprise in general.
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Alves, Teresa. "Sound migrations in Portuguese: cultural representations of the portuguese diaspora in the brazilian radio." Comunicação e Sociedade 28 (December 28, 2015): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.28(2015).2274.
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Portuguese language is a multiple sounds language. Regarding the different possible accents, Portuguese-speaking way seems to be one of the language’s most relevant characteristics. Radio, as a sound media, is able to represent this diversity. There are several radio shows produced towards the Portuguese culture diaspora. In this paper, we will analyse radio shows produced in Brazil for the Portuguese diaspora: strategic differential, representation ability and the way they relate to diaspora and migrant communities. Looking at Portugal and Brazil as case-studies, we will reflect on post-colonial relationships between the two countries, based on radio as a medium able to undertake the decolonial turn.
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Meitzner Yoder, Laura S. "Genealogy of Colonial Land Registration and State Land in Portuguese Timor." European Legacy 25, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2020.1760459.
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Roque, Ricardo. "The Razor's Edge: Portuguese Imperial Vulnerability in Colonial Moxico, Angola." International Journal of African Historical Studies 36, no. 1 (2003): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3559321.
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Caiado, André. "The monumentalization of the Portuguese Colonial War: Commemorating the soldier’s efforts amid the persistence of imperial imaginaries." Memory Studies 14, no. 6 (November 12, 2021): 1208–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211053983.
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This article presents an analysis of the monumentalization of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974) and explores the dynamics that sustain its growth recently, while other symbols and forms of public memorialization associated with the colonial past have increasingly been called into question and contested, nationally and internationally. Through the semiotic and epigraphic analysis of monuments, observational visits and interviews with some of the people who put them up, the main representational dynamics of the approximately 415 monuments in Portugal are identified. The article examines the (under)-representation in black troops of the Portuguese Army, the boom in monument construction (over 350) from the year 2000 onward and the maintenance (and reinforcement from 2010 onward) of messages and visual narratives projecting a sort of imperial imaginary. This work shows how the vernacular remembering and the public memory of the conflict and the colonial past are reflected on the monuments’ representations and images.
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Vieira Machado, Adelaide Muralha. "A Goan reading of the cultural impact of the Colonial Act: Introducing intellectuals and periodic press through the Anglo-Lusitano of July 7, 1934." Revista de História das Ideias 38 (February 6, 2020): 119–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_38_6.
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The Portuguese colonial legislation summarized in the segregating measures of the Colonial Act of 1930, the year that inaugurated Salazar's dictatorship in Portugal after the 1926 military coup, had unavoidable consequences. Our goal is to demonstrate the importance of this political measure through the journalistic production of the Goan intellectuality, that is, the political culture that arose from the clash between the defenders of the regime and those who advocated solutions of freedom and democracy in autonomy or independence. After a comprehensive Goan press survey, the choice of a special issue of O Anglo-Lusitano to present as historical foundation in this study was due to the fact that owing to its broad spectrum of cultural and political participation, it served as medium for ascertaining the existence of a crossroad of visions of the imperial whole, in the construction of intellectual networks of opposition and resistance, both from Goa and exile, enunciating the end of the Portuguese empire.
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Dantas, Mariana L. R. "Picturing Families between Black and White: Mixed Descent and Social Mobility in Colonial Minas Gerais, Brazil." Americas 73, no. 4 (October 2016): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.71.
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During the eighteenth century, the Rodrigues da Cruz and the Vieira da Costa families rose to relative prominence in thecomarcaof Rio das Velhas, a judicial district of the captaincy of Minas Gerais (Figure 1). Both families had as their patriarch a wealthy Portuguese man whose fortune was built on the gold-mining industry that dominated the regional economy in the early part of the century. Both families were also the product of relationships between Portuguese gold miners and slave women. The second and third generations of the two families similarly comprised freed or free persons of mixed European and African descent whose own standing in society relied in part on their families' ability to manage the social and legal implications of the circumstances of their birth. The Rodrigues da Cruz and Vieira da Costa families were thus part of a large and rising population ofpardos(light-skinned persons) ormulatos(persons of mixed descent) in eighteenth-century Minas Gerais—not of solely Portuguese origin or descent (brancos), solely African origin (preto), nor solely African descent but born in Brazil (crioulo). Their ambiguous social standing could lie somewhere between the elite status of most brancos and the slave status of most pretos or crioulos.
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Silva, Filipa Ribeiro da. "Crossing Empires: Portuguese, Sephardic, and Dutch Business Networks in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1580-1674." Americas 68, no. 01 (July 2011): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500000687.
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In the last two decades, private entrepreneurship has emerged as an important research area in the field of Adantic history. Various studies have clearly shown the role played by private business in the making of the early modern Adantic economy. Initially, private entrepreneurship was studied separately from imperial entities and did not contemplate activities encompassing several European empires. Recently, however, scholars have started to look into private engagement in various branches of the Adantic colonial trade, broadening our understanding of when and how private business operated simultaneously in different colonial settings. The works of Schnurmann, Studnicki-Gizbert, Ebert, Trivellato, and Antunes are some of the most important contributions.
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Silva, Filipa Ribeiro da. "Crossing Empires: Portuguese, Sephardic, and Dutch Business Networks in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1580-1674." Americas 68, no. 1 (July 2011): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2011.0084.
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In the last two decades, private entrepreneurship has emerged as an important research area in the field of Adantic history. Various studies have clearly shown the role played by private business in the making of the early modern Adantic economy. Initially, private entrepreneurship was studied separately from imperial entities and did not contemplate activities encompassing several European empires. Recently, however, scholars have started to look into private engagement in various branches of the Adantic colonial trade, broadening our understanding of when and how private business operated simultaneously in different colonial settings. The works of Schnurmann, Studnicki-Gizbert, Ebert, Trivellato, and Antunes are some of the most important contributions.
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Chan, Catherine S. "Macau martyr or Portuguese traitor? The Macanese communities of Macau, Hong Kong and Shanghai and the Portuguese nation." Historical Research 93, no. 262 (November 1, 2020): 754–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaa027.
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Abstract This article rethinks a Luso-Asian community that existing literature has termed ‘Portuguese’ or ‘Macanese’ by exploring the differences between the Macanese communities of Macau, Hong Kong and Shanghai. It examines inter-port debates between 1926 and 1929 that triggered wide discussion in Portuguese and English-language newspapers regarding the political loyalty of the Macanese. Set against the framework of a burgeoning print capitalism and vibrant associational culture in Asia’s port-cities, the article argues that varying urban circumstances and political structures influenced the negotiation of the Macanese between imperial, civic and colonial identities to eventually construct three new imagined communities.
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Langfur, Hal. "The Return of the Bandeira: Economic Calamity, Historical Memory, and Armed Expeditions to the Sertão in Minas Gerais, 1750-1808." Americas 61, no. 3 (January 2005): 429–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2005.0025.
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Historians of colonial Brazil have conventionally located the conclusion of the great era of bandeira-led conquest somewhere near the end of the seventeenth century. The onset of the colony's gold cycle, corresponding with a series of major inland mineral strikes, reoriented those most actively engaged in the bandeira enterprise. Concentrated in the southern coastal captaincy of São Vicente, later, São Paulo, these wilderness adventurers had explored Portuguese America's immense interior and hunted its indigenous inhabitants. When their accompanying search for alluvial riches finally had born fruit, the Paulista backwoodsmen remade themselves into miners and merchants. The bandeirantes had first discovered gold in 1693 in Brazil's southeastern interior, the region that would soon acquire the name Minas Gerais or the General Mines; they made secondary strikes far to the west in Mato Grosso and Goiás in 1718 and 1725. Many then found themselves quickly displaced by the tide of Portuguese fortune-seekers and their African slaves who followed the paths now opened to the mining zones. As gold and then diamonds flooded the Atlantic world in unprecedented quantities, the colony's subsequent historical legacy would accrue not to São Paulo's peripatetic rustics but to those who consolidated control over the flow of riches. During the second half of the eighteenth century, with the mineral washings already in decline, attention would shift still further away from wilderness exploits, supposed to reflect a bygone era, back toward the coastal agricultural export enclaves that had traditionally preoccupied the Portuguese crown. The scholarly concerns of a later era would generally follow suit. As a consequence, the persistence of armed expeditions of exploration and conquest, which continued to roam the unmapped interior of Portuguese America, would go all but unnoticed as a critical feature of the late colonial period.
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Jernimo, Miguel Bandeira, and José Pedro Monteiro. "Internationalism and the Labours of the Portuguese Colonial Empire (1945–1974)." Portuguese Studies 29, no. 2 (2013): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/port.2013.0008.
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RIBEIRO, MARGARIDA CALAFATE. "Empire, Colonial Wars and Post-Colonialism in the Portuguese Contemporary Imagination." Portuguese Studies 18, no. 1 (2002): 132–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/port.2002.0005.
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ROQUE, RICARDO. "Equivocal Connections: Fonseca Cardoso and the Origins of Portuguese Colonial Anthropology." Portuguese Studies 19, no. 1 (2003): 80–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/port.2003.0003.
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Russell-Wood, A. J. R. "The Estado da India and the Estado do Brasil. Opportunities for Research in Portuguese Overseas History." Itinerario 18, no. 2 (July 1994): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022531.
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In this year marking the sexcentenary of the birth of Prince Henry, known erroneously to the English speaking world as ‘the Navigator’, and the 450th anniversary of the Portuguese arrival in Japan, it is fitting to take stock of what has been achieved and what remains concerning research on Portuguese overseas history. In November 1969 a conference was held at the Newberry Library in Chicago to ‘stimulate in the United States scholarly interest in research on Brazil's colonial past’. In November 1978 an International Seminar on Indo-Portuguese History was held in Goa occasioned by ‘an awareness of a relative stagnation in the field of Indo-Portuguese historical studies, especially in India’. This was prompted by the feeling of a dearth of new interpretations, shortage of studies in English, and neglect of political history, biography and social and economic history. Whereas the tone of the Newberry Library meeting was upbeat as to what junior scholars were achieving, and Charles Boxer pointed with pride to scholarly accomplishments since 1950, by 1984 a lecture to mark the occasion of the centennial of the American Historical Association noted grounds for concern regarding studies in the United States on colonial Brazil and this situation has deteriorated further during the decades of the 80s and early 90s. By way of contrast, in 1981 Charles Boxer noted the vitality of the Estado da India in its broadest geographical meaning as a subject for historical research by Portuguese and how ‘after years — I might even say centuries – of neglect by foreigners, the history of the old Estado da India has lately come into its own in the wider world’. This was seconded by M.N. Pearson who noted that ‘Goan historiography seems to be on the verge of a renaissance’.
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Festino, Cielo G. "Goa’s freedom struggle." Journal of Romance Studies 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jrs.2021.2.
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This article considers the literary network of anti-colonial literary narratives, short stories, and poems, by Indian, Goan, and Portuguese writers which appeared in the 1950s and 1960s in the left-wing Goan journal Free Goa, published in Bombay (now Mumbai) at a time when Goa’s freedom fighters were seeking India’s support in order to attain their independence from Portuguese colonial domination. Following Jean-Paul Sartre (1949) and Benoît Denis (2000), we claim that these literary works can be read as engaged literature since in elaborate or straightforward literary styles they urge Goans to look for inspiration in India’s independence from British domination (1947) and to free themselves from the Salazarist regime.
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Saether, Steinar A. "Bourbon Absolutism and Marriage Reform in Late Colonial Spanish America." Americas 59, no. 4 (April 2003): 475–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2003.0056.
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The study of marriageways in colonial Latin America has altered and deepened our understanding of the societies and cultures within the Spanish and Portuguese empires of the New World. During the last thirty or forty years a series of studies have explored the complex and varied patterns of marriage and family formation in colonial Latin America. Inspired by the work of Peter Laslett, Lawrence Stone and Louis Flandrin among others, historians of the region have produced a rich historical literature on the demographic, social and cultural aspects of colonial marriageways. Most studies have focused on the late colonial period, and the years after 1778 when the Pragmática sanción de matrimonios (first issued in Spain in 1776) was extended to Spanish America. One effect of the new law was an astonishing outpouring of reports, questions, lawsuits and regulations concerning marriage, which in turn have been seized upon by historians to reconstruct important aspects of late colonial Latin American societies. Despite the frequent use of these sources, the legislation itself has received little serious attention, and several basic misunderstandings prevail regarding its background and meaning. As a consequence, the political implications of marriage have been poorly understood.
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Guimarães, Paulo. "Violence, Science, and Cotton in Colonial-Fascist Mozambique (1934-1974)." Perspectivas - Journal of Political Science 25 (December 17, 2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.3229.
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Since the 19th century, Portuguese authorities had made unsuccessful attempts to promote cotton production in Angola and Mozambique. Under colonial fascist rule, the cotton plantations expanded significantly to meet the demands of the Portuguese textile industry. Eventually, cotton became the major agricultural export in Mozambique. This text explores the causes for this success, focusing on the rapid growth of indigenous cotton fields in northern Mozambique. In our research, we analysed contemporary "grey" cotton scientific literature, labour legislation, administration reports, agronomical thesis and the extensive collection of anthropological and social history studies carried out since the 1970s. We demonstrate that fascism created a specific model for the exploitation of humans and nature. This model involved labour mobilization based on daily physical and psychological violence and the humiliation of the indigenous people, the promotion and advancement of colonial cotton science for the industrialization of nature, and the creation of new economic institutions and rules to promote neo-mercantilist policies.
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Nazzari, Muriel. "Vanishing Indians: The Social Construction of Race in Colonial São Paulo." Americas 57, no. 4 (April 2001): 497–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2001.0040.
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Much has been written about race and race stereotyping in Brazil in relation to African-Brazilians and their mixed African-European descendants. The situation of Indians and their mixed-blood descendants has been studied much less. In fact, the word mestizo as it is used in Spanish America does not translate well into Portuguese, for in Portuguese a mestiço can be any mixture. In the case of Brazil, it can mean either a descendant of Indian-European parents or of African-European parents.This paper studies racial classifications in seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth-century São Paulo. São Paulo was a unique region in colonial Brazil and, because of its unique history, these findings cannot be automatically extrapolated to all other parts of Brazil. São Paul was very poor, especially if compared to the northeast, and later to Minas Gerais, the center of the gold and diamond mining region. Though the town was founded in 1554, it lacked exportable natural resources until the late eighteenth century, so that the economy was partly based on the raising of a few cattle and crops for subsistence or for sale locally or to other regions of Brazil. The labor needs of Paulistas (inhabitants of São Paulo) were met through exploratory and slaving expeditions called bandeiras that replenished their Indian labor force or else provided captives to be sold to other parts of Brazil. Though there were a few African slaves in São Paulo in the seventeenth century, the settlers could not afford them in substantial numbers until the second half of the eighteenth century.
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Roque, Ricardo. "Dances with Heads." Social Analysis 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2018.620202.
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This article explores the conjunction between mimesis and parasitism as a colonial mode of relating with forms of ‘savagery’ in state administration in relation to both the colonial Self and indigenous Others. The article examines the participation in 1861 of Portuguese Governor Afonso de Castro in a headhunting ceremony, the ‘feast of the heads’, which was held in colonial East Timor. By following a dispute concerning the problems and merits of the governor’s compliance with this ritual, it conceptualizes the trade with savagery within colonial government praxis as a parasitic form of mimesis. In this context, the dangers of bracketing the self and surrendering to the forces of otherness allowed for headhunting ritual energies to be extracted and exploited to the colonial state’s advantage.
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PERALTA, ELSA, and NUNO DOMINGOS. "Lisbon: reading the (post-)colonial city from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century." Urban History 46, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 246–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926818000366.
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ABSTRACT:The study of the urban experience in Lisbon, the former capital of the Portuguese empire, creates a specific observatory to interpret the colonial process and its post-colonial developments. Following an itinerary from colonial to post-colonial times, this article examines the continuities and discontinuities of Lisbon's urban dynamics linked with Portugal's colonial history through three interlinked processes. First, the material inscription of policies of national identity in the memory space of the city since the late nineteenth century until today. Second, the expansion of a network of economic relations that affected Lisbon's industrial, commercial and urban life. And finally, the development of a system of social and political organization, where spatial distribution and civil and political rights were unequally distributed.
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Bastos, Susana Pereira. "Ambivalence and Phantasm in the Portuguese Colonial Discursive Production on Indians (Mozambique)." Lusotopie 15, no. 1 (August 1, 2008): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/176830808785327287.
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Khouri, Nicole, and Joana Pereira Leite. "The Portuguese Colonial Press in Mozambique and the Indian Community (1930-1975)." Lusotopie 15, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 3–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/176830808786933454.
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Pereira Bastos, Susana. "Ambivalence and Phantasm in the Portuguese Colonial Discursive Production on Indians (Mozambique)." Lusotopie 15, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17683084-01501006.
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Katabaro, Brighton. "Colonial Encounters: Issues of Culture, Hybridity and Creolisation: Portuguese Mercantile Settlers in West Africa." Exchange 38, no. 1 (2009): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254309x381714.
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de Medeiros, Paulo. "Lusophony or the Haunted Logic of Postempire." Lusotopie 17, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17683084-12341720.
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AbstractLusophony is a neo-colonial concept that only emerges once the Empire is irrevocably dissolved. Whereas Lusophony cannot escape its neo-colonial entanglements, Lusotopy, on the contrary, strives precisely not only to go beyond, but against them. This article reflects on the ways in which literature, film, or ‘tuga’ hip-hop music, strive to advance transnational forms of resistance to unending and ever renewed kinds of oppression. Focusing on Lusotopy one can hope to work towards constructing a different future that builds on all the riches and all the wounds, many not yet healed, of the intersections derived from Portuguese colonialism.
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Ribeiro, Orquídea Moreira, and Daniela Monteiro da Fonseca. "Reading the Aftermath of Portuguese Colonialism: The Retorno in the Written Media of the 21st Century." Societies 12, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12060150.
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The purpose of this work is to undertake an exploratory pilot study on the multiplicity of texts that strive to write or analyse the memories of the displaced individuals from the former Portuguese African colonies during the 1975–1976 forced migration to Portugal who came to be labelled retornados (returnees), rethink history and eliminate silences, to pave the way for postmemory and controlled affective ties through reparative readings and nostalgia. We undertook bibliographical research to determine the eligibility criteria and used nonprobability convenience sampling to select the texts to carry out a content analysis. An interdisciplinary approach is used to present and discuss the results. Although decades have passed since the retorno, the stigma of being a retornado still remains in the memory of Portuguese society as interest in the topic and the time distance allows for more rigorous studies. In the analysed texts, the results achieved establish that the relationship of the Portuguese people with the contemporary memory and history of the colonial era is comprised of silences and nonmemories that still have to be deconstructed to forge a positive future for the generation of postmemory.
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Baxter, Alan N. "Malacca Creole Portuguese in the 19th century." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 33, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 247–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00016.bax.
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Abstract Earlier linguistic research suggested that Malacca Creole Portuguese (MCP) had existed without diglossia with Portuguese ever since the Dutch conquest of Portuguese Malacca in 1642, yet it had experienced some contact with Portuguese in the 19th and 20th centuries. The present study adds significantly to this discussion. It considers a range of information from sociohistorical studies and archival sources (including linguistic data) relating to the Dutch (1642–1795, 1818–1823) and early British (1795–1818, 1823–1884) colonial periods. For the Dutch period, it is seen that contact with other Creole Portuguese communities is likely to have persisted for some time. Most significant, however, is the finding that 19th century texts in Portuguese and creole Portuguese, recently identified in archival sources in London and Graz, show that Portuguese continued to be part of the Malacca sociolinguistic setting until the early British period, and that missionary Indo-Portuguese also had a presence at that time. It is concluded that, rather than presenting a narrow lectal range akin to that of the MCP community in the late 20th century, the creole lectal grid in the 19th century was more complex, and included dimensions of a continuum in a diglossic relationship with Portuguese.
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Wadsworth, James E. "In the Name of the Inquisition: The Portuguese Inquisition and Delegated Authority in Colonial Pernambuco, Brazil." Americas 61, no. 1 (July 2004): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2004.0118.
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When the Portuguese Inquisition officially began in the year 1536, Brazil inhabited only the extreme margins of the Portuguese Empire and elicited little concern from the Inquisitors in Lisbon. Royal authority only became permanently established in 1549 in the person of Tomé de Sousa as governor-general of Brazil. The establishment of ecclesiastical authority over Brazil occurred about the same time through the padroado real, or royal patronage. The Order of Christ (whose grand master was the king himself) and the Mesa da Consciência e Ordens administered the royal patronage in the colony. The Church in Brazil remained directly subordinate to the archbishopric of Funchal on Madeira until the first diocese was established in Bahia in 1551. Pernambuco did not become a diocese until 1676 when Bahia became an archbishopric. Throughout the entire colonial period Bahia remained the only archbishopric in Brazil, although six bishoprics were eventually established. For Pernambuco, this meant that until 1676 the highest local ecclesiastical officials were the vicars general, the rectors of the Jesuit College, and the priors of the Benedictine, Franciscan, and Carmelite convents.
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Lechner, Elsa. "A not so common idea." Mnemosyne, no. 9 (October 15, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/mnemosyne.v0i9.14023.
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This article focuses on autobiographies of Portuguese emigrants in the USA published outside the literary circuits (A different and longer version of this analysis will be published by The Journal of Lusophone Studies in October 2016). The analysis draws from material collected during fieldwork in New Jersey, where a surprising number of migrant’s written self-portraits were found. The paper examines such works as an expression of self and social (biopolitical) empowerment in contrast with the established negative image associated to the figure of the Portuguese emigrant. The four considered authors emigrated in different periods of the 20th Century marked by continuous Portuguese emigration flows. Escaping misery, poverty, the colonial war, or lack of perspectives, these e/immigrants were improbable authors from the outset, yet, motivated writers of their memories and life experiences. The analysis highlights the heuristic value and social relevance of such autobiographies both in their socio-anthropological meaning, and as historical portraits of Portugal and the Portuguese emigration.
[Project funded by the Fulbright Commission/Camões Institute and hosted by the Department of Portuguese and Brazilian Studies, Brown University, and the Department of Spanish and Portuguese, Rutgers University, under the 2013 Fulbright Program for PhD researchers and professors].
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Garraio, Júlia. "Framing Sexual Violence in Portuguese Colonialism: On Some Practices of Contemporary Cultural Representation and Remembrance." Violence Against Women 25, no. 13 (September 10, 2019): 1558–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219869547.
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This essay examines two Portuguese novels about colonialism and its legacies: António Lobo Antunes’s Fado Alexandrino (1983) and Aida Gomes’s Os Pretos de Pousaflores ( The Blacks from Pousaflores) (2011). Fado Alexandrino perpetuates the use of Black women’s raped bodies as a plot device to represent colonial violence, while Gomes’s narrative empowers racialized victims of sexual abuse and challenges dominant public memories of the Colonial War. A close reading of these novels, contextualized against the background of scholarly debates about the representation of sexual violence, exposes both the perils and potential of cultural works to preserve the memory of rape in armed conflict.
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Schreiter, Robert. "Colonial Encounters: Issues of Culture, Hybridity and Creolisation. Portuguese Mercantile Settlers in West Africa." Mission Studies 25, no. 2 (2008): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338308x365486.
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Amaral, Ana Rita. "Exhibiting Faith against an Imperial Background: Angola and the Spiritans at the Vatican Missionary Exhibition (1925)." Journal of Religion in Africa 50, no. 1-2 (August 10, 2021): 79–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340179.
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Abstract In 1925 the Vatican Missionary Exhibition took place, presenting thousands of objects sent by Catholic missions around the world. Resulting from substantial efforts by the Church, the exhibition had a significant public impact, with an estimated one million visitors. It marked a critical moment in the international affirmation of the Church, as well as the reformulation and expansion of its missionary policy in the aftermath of the Great War. Catholic missions and congregations in the Portuguese colonial empire participated in the exhibition. This article focuses on the Angolan case, where the Congregation of the Holy Spirit was the main protagonist of Catholic missionisation. I examine the organisation process, the circulation of norms and objects across imperial borders, and their exhibition at the Vatican. I discuss the tensions between the pontifical message and Portuguese missionary politics, as well as the intermediary position that the Spiritans occupied.