Journal articles on the topic 'Portugal – Strategic aspects'

During the last two decades, Portugal has made efforts to implement a circular economy and its business models in industries, which has led to a series of operational and strategic initiatives. Nevertheless, after 20 years, further efforts are required for a larger-scale implementation of such models. This study aims to identify the current status in the legislative context of the industrial circular economy and industrial symbiosis (ICE&IS) in Portugal, with a special focus on the policies and incentives for the promotion of this model. The main objective of this research is to verify whether there are conditions for the promotion of ICE&IS, and the main aspects to reinforce the current Portuguese strategy. To achieve this objective, a mixed research approach was defined and performed. This approach is based on methods of gathering information and analyzing the results through a comparative policy analysis. The result of this study shows that Portugal still has a considerable number of gaps and needs (strategic, fiscal, and financial) that must be addressed for effective implementation. Our research suggests that Portugal will face a series of critical aspects for industrial CE implementation, namely, promoting effective incentives (i), simplifying the national strategy (ii), and dealing with bureaucracy (iii).

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer an operationalization of an aggregate construct and a decisive contribution to building a dynamic capabilities theory with marketing implications. The authors investigate the influence of dynamic capabilities, specifically routine creation through embedding learning and knowledge, on marketing capabilities and performance in Portugal. The authors examine the direct relationship between dynamic capabilities and marketing capabilities, which is indirectly linked to performance depending on the effectiveness of the resulting new resource configuration. Design/methodology/approach The authors used four construct dimensions: knowledge creation routines, knowledge transfer processes, marketing capabilities, and firm performance. The study was based on an inter-industry random sample of firms selected from a commercial list. During a nine-month period the authors gathered data from a questionnaire delivered in hand to participating firms and collected through in-depth personal interviews. It was filled out by directors of Portuguese firms who agreed to participate in this study. Findings First, dynamic capabilities play an important role in the evolution of marketing capabilities and the maintenance of competitive advantage. Specifically, the authors identified a link between knowledge creation routines and knowledge transfer processes with marketing capabilities. Second, the effect of dynamic capabilities on performance can be considered to be substantially indirect. However, the results also show a direct link between knowledge transfer and performance. Originality/value First, the development of a model establishing the contribution to the evolution of marketing capabilities in order to compete in a changing environment, considering the critical effect of knowledge creation and transfer in a non-static market configuration. Second, the analysis of marketing capabilities from different layers, from strategic to more operational aspects.

Industrial symbiosis has proven to be an important tool for improving business sustainability with numerous environmental, economic, and social benefits. The literature on this subject has been provided with countless case studies of the application of this practice in different geographical locations. However, studies concerning Portugal in this area are still scarce. Thus, this article aims to map and analyze the existing cases of industrial symbiosis in Portugal, as well as the current state and the legislative context regarding this practice. It also aims to analyze the main barriers to the growth of synergy relations and outline new paths for the development of industrial symbiosis in Portugal. From the analysis to the case studies, it was possible to conclude that most industrial symbiosis networks have few actors, and networks with two and three are common. However, owing to strategic plans, the type of existing economic activities, and the waste generated, there is much potential for industrial symbiosis networks to be established and to contribute to emission reductions, more efficient use of resources, and reduced external dependence. However, in order to increase industrial symbiosis, concerted action must be taken at various levels to encourage companies to develop synergy relations. Changing the legislative framework, making funds available, the role of local governments, the existence of a facilitator, and the use of some industries as anchor tenants are some of the aspects that can contribute to the increase of industrial symbiosis in Portugal.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons for the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through strategic alliances and to understand how this internationalisation process evolves. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, the authors decided on a qualitative approach and performed exploratory case studies of two SMEs in Portugal. Findings – The authors found that in forming alliances, SMEs aim to increase sales and reduce costs. After the analysis, the authors believe that learning about other markets and cultures as well as having appropriate national partners are the key aspects in the internationalisation of SMEs through strategic alliances. Practical implications – The authors revealed the influence of national partners in the internationalisation process. The firms in the study established alliances with national firms to facilitate international market entry. This holds in particular for partners that already have some international experience. Building partnerships with national firms allows the combination of competencies and requires a lower amount of internationalisation know-how on the part of the cooperating firms. Originality/value – In spite of the opportunities going along with strategic alliances, there is only limited empirical evidence of their impact on the internationalisation process and vice-versa. This holds particularly true for the realm of SMEs.

In the competitive environment that companies operate today, there is a need to adopt internationalization strategies to enable consolidation in diversified markets. The internationalization process is part of a relevant strategy for companies, has several implications and is influenced by innumerable specific aspects, namely by the behavior of companies, by their culture and structure, as well as by their leadership, but it is on the organization structure that we find one of the most relevant features: the dimension (size) of companies. Based on a qualitative methodology, we interviewed managers of the furniture manufacturing industry. We concluded that companies value increase in size; nevertheless, for cultural reasons, they are still resistant to such an increase. For increasing their size, companies value several instruments, such as: strategic alliances/corporate cooperation; fusions and acquisitions; and risk capital interventions. This work is an eye opener about the need to educate and train entrepreneurs in the Portuguese industrial sector and to bring about an awareness of the benefits of formation, training, expansion and diversification in order to be able to compete on a global basis.

AbstractObjective: This study is based on the analysis of three fundamental aspects of company and managerial life: the culture of organizations, the style of leadership and financial performance. Its focus was to question the connection between these and to devise a strategy that could be applied in Portugal, during 2017 and 2019, in industrial sector companies.Methodology: To do so, it was decided to start methodological analysis of the behaviour of managers and organizations operating in this environment, considering several classifications: multinational companies operating in Portugal and Portuguese companies with a strategy for and in the process of internationalization. On this basis the study problem was set at the level of managerial behaviour, bearing in mind that this varies depending on the type of organization in which managers’ work. The problem involves scientific, methodological, and cultural aspects that have already been demonstrated by several authors, whose considerations have been incorporated. The study was conducted in 16 companies operating in Portugal.Findings: The characteristics of leadership in the multinationals tend towards greater balance between the four roles of each of the corresponding quadrants, while in the national companies it tends to be more internally focused.Value Added: This difference could be related to what R. Quinn calls the Normal State of Leadership, which is focused on the comfort zone that the internal processes seem to generate; the multinational companies are more focused on external aspects and future development – Fundamental State of Leadership – centred on strategic dedication to clients and flexibility.Recommendations: Dedication to clients and flexibility, that we intend to link with Internal Marketing strategy drivers, considering the investigation ideas for this paper, as the demonstration if some different Leadership Styles influence the Financial Performance of the Companies or not.

In examining the process of waterfront revitalization of the South bank of the Tagus Estuary during the postindustrial era, it is possible to discern a commitment to appropriation and valorization of heritage and cultural identity inherited from preceding economic cycles. Using a qualitative approach, backed up by a detailed analysis of territorial planning instruments, strategic documents, and intervention projects, we identify three main ways of appropriation, aimed to add value to the heritage and cultural identity, considering them as follows: (a) resources for the promotion of various activities, (b) drivers in strengthening territorial identity, and (c) elements of territorial differentiation. Analyzing these aspects, the article presents a proposal for the classification of the actions proposed for their implementation, namely: conservation of cultural heritage, adaptation of heritage to new uses and functions, appropriation of symbolic elements, promotion of cultural events, and raising awareness of cultural heritage among local communities.

Proposal: In the last year’s second home tourism has obtained a relevant attention in Portugal, and especially in the Algarve region. It has been identified by the national tourism plan as one of the strategic products. In the Algarve second home market important for the tourism dynamics. Objective: This study focuses on the perception of government agents in the Algarve about second home tourism, in particular the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that this product creates for regional development. Methodological Design: The study uses a descriptive and exploratory approach with an online survey applied to all municipalities in the Algarve. Results: The results are helpful to understand second home tourism trajectories by presenting useful information to future strategies. Originality: It was observed that economic factors directly influence strengths and threats, the weakness are more related to social and environmental aspects, and the opportunities are linked to all dimensions, economic, social and environmental.

Objective – This paper addresses the financial literacy issue in different countries and contexts, comparing it with the financial Literacy of Portuguese Higher Education Institutions (HEI) students. The objective is to identify the growing need for knowledge in this area and to correct the population's attitude and behavior. This study identifies the main conditioning variables of the financial Literacy of this group of individuals, contributing to developing conditions and procedures that would improve the financial Literacy of European students as an essential element of their personal and professional success. Methodology –This study was based on a survey using a sample of 1017 students from 18 institutions. Ordinal regression was used to determine the predictors of financial Literacy. Findings – The literature review shows different results of structural aspects of the same central questions related to financial Literacy among HEI students. The conclusions of the study are in line with the literature review. Nevertheless, empirical research shows that Portuguese students' financial Literacy is lower than students from other countries, highlighting the need to improve their knowledge in this area by correcting the focus group's attitude and behavior. The study identifies the main conditioning variables of the financial Literacy of this group of individuals. Novelty – HEI students who study finance present a higher level of financial knowledge and relatively more confidence in managing their money, the same for working students. No significant gender differences are observed, and these facts align with some authors. However, it is noteworthy to mention that several researchers observe alternative conclusions. This study shows an evolution of the situation followed twelve years earlier, with the same population, but confirms HEI students' low financial literacy level. This research also contributes to the main study promoted by OECD and included on the 2030 agenda of the United Nations (U.N.). Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: I22, J16. Keywords: Financial Literacy; financial knowledge; financial attitude; financial behavior; higher education students. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Antão, M; Nunes, C; Silvestre, C; Caldeira, J; Martinho, C; Negas, M. (2022). Financial literacy; financial knowledge; financial attitude; financial behavior; higher education students, Portugal, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 7(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2022.7.2(3)

Abstract The implementation of bancassurance activity in the banking field contributes to the strengthening of the competitive environment, the development of new products in insurance and the higher satisfaction of the consumer's needs. The strategic priorities of banks are to increase business protection by adding new products to their portfolios, according customer's needs. The distribution of insurance in the bancassurance system is a future solution and will continue to develop on the Romanian market as well. Bancassurance is the main distribution channel in many countries, accounting for more than 50% of life insurance products (eg France, Italy, Spain, Austria), in Portugal the share goes up to 80% and in Romania is around 30%. Among the aspects needed to develop this service, bank representatives propose both the diversification of types of insurance sold through banks, as well as the growth of consumer financial education development and digitalization. This paper aims to highlight different perspectives to relaunch bancassurance activity according to changes from customer behavior and the identification of factors which contributing to the sustainability of bancassurance in digital environment. In addition, will be presented a comparison of the internet penetration rate in the world, the categories of clients using online banking services.

The socioeconomic changes that many countries have been experiencing in recent decades, caused by structural factors or by specific circumstances, where the pandemic crisis of COVID-19 is only the most recent example, have posed challenges to organizations, which present themselves more and more and in various forms as threatened by the possibility of fulfilling their mission. Public and private sectors increasingly present themselves as insufficient to respond effectively to day-to-day requests. This context of instability and the resulting impacts for non-profit organizations pose serious problems to the way in which governance is exercised and served as a motivation for carrying out a study that aimed to understand the influence of strategy and human resources on the governance of these organizations. A review of the literature on the variables under study made it possible to identify the sub-dimensions associated with each one of them and the respective indicators. Thus, for a quantitative study, it was possible to apply a questionnaire to 242 Holy Houses of Mercy in Portugal to understand the direct and indirect influences of strategic management and human resources management on the governance of these institutions. The results obtained show the existence of a positive relationship between the variables under analysis, confirming that not only do these variables influence, by themselves and directly, the governance of the institutions studied, but also the strategy influences human resources policies, which in turn have implications for the way the Holy Houses of Mercy deal with aspects associated with governance. It is concluded that, in general, for these organizations to be more effective in efforts to improve their governance processes, they must focus on strategic management and human resources management instruments.

Considering the current turbulent macroeconomic environment, the aim of this research is to explore the influence of innovation in tangible and intangible resource allocation. The literature underlines that organizations are facing a revolution in their business processes. As such, there is a need to understand the value of knowledge resources and to identify ways to manage them. This paper explores the field of resource allocation, namely dynamic capabilities, and highlights the importance of monitoring intangible resources. This research has three specific contributions. The first contribution provides a comprehensive picture of what has occurred in the field of tangible and intangible resource allocation, such as intellectual capital and its importance towards organizational performance. Secondly, it offers evidence about the actual need for performance measurement tools that foster intangible resource monitoring. Organizations devote special attention to market demands which consequently lead managers to adapt their strategies in areas concerning resource allocation. Given this importance, this research, comprising major innovative organizations in Portugal from diverse activity sectors, provides new insights and stresses the importance of tools to follow the overall performance of resource allocation. Managers of innovative organizations recognize the very powerful features of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in monitoring and linking strategic resources of both tangible and intangible natures. Thirdly, this research, with a view to enrich the field of intangible natures, points out some aspects for future research areas, bearing in mind the relevance of this research area confirmed by managers of the major innovative organizations. Thus, it provides prominent information for both academia and innovative organizations.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of intangible resources on export performance, considering the mediating effect of absorptive capabilities and innovation. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a quantitative research approach by conducting a quantitative study based on survey data from 247 Portuguese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the textile industry. Findings Findings suggest that: Intangible resources has a positive, significant and direct influence on absorptive capabilities and on export performance; intangible resources has not a significant and direct influence on innovation and on the opposite direction absorptive capabilities has a positive, significant and direct influence on it; innovation has a positive, significant and direct influence on export performance, contrary to absorptive capabilities that has not a significant and direct influence; and innovation has a mediating effect on the relationship between intangible resources and export performance, and the same does not happens on the relationship between absorptive capabilities and export performance. Practical implications This paper presents further evidences of the strategies that textile industry’s small firm managers should pursue, and policymakers should promote within the scope of the strategies associated to the system of tax benefits under negotiation for Portugal 2030. Originality/value While previous authors have attempted to analyse certain aspects of this process (connection between intangible resources and export performance), this research developed a framework that combines these ones with the mediating effect of absorptive capabilities and innovation. This study deepens our understanding and provides novel insights into strategic management and innovation literature, since it combines multiple factors and has obtained the importance of each construct in SMEs business growth.

The article deals with the problems of designing and updating study programmes during the integration process of the Lithuanian education system into the European education space. After the substantial change of general programmes of Basic education(2008) and Secondary education (2011) and seeking to fully involve self-development of general cultural, subject specific, generic and specific competencies which are necessary for teachers, it is important to update the study programmes.The problem of the research: what content of technology teacher training programme should be from the innovations point of view in order to meet the expectations of the changing society.The object of the research: the innovative content of the technology teacher training programme.The aim of the research: to highlight the innovative aspects of the content of technology teacher training programmes, having performed content analysis of technology teacher training programmes of the universities of Lithuania and some European countries.Research methods:analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the programmes of universities of some European countries which provide training for technology teachers as well as the analysis of the legal acts and strategic education policy documents of the European Union and the Republic of Lithuania.Updating of the study programme of technological education is a permanent process, which is conditioned by the following factors: market economy and the needs of information society, the fact that higher education is becoming mass, penetration of humanistic ideas into the content of education as well as the valid unified study quality assessment policy in the European Union.Taking into account the recommendations of the international experts’ group and considering international changes of analogous study programmes, the Committee of Technology Pedagogics Study Programmes of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences in cooperation with the social partners carried out a research of opinions of students, graduates, university lecturers and employers on the study quality.They also performed a comprehensive analysis of the Bachelor’s degree study programmes of some Western European universities. The analysis revealed that theoretical models of study programmes design of different European universities have similarities and differences, which are determined by the philosophical aspect, humanistic ideas and the context of the national education policy. In the research the experience of five universities from the innovations point of view was used: the University of Helsinki (Finland), Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh (Great Britain), the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (Portugal), and the University of Iceland.The following elective subjects have been included in the study programme of technology pedagogics: pedagogical ethics, sustainable development and social welfare, educational creative projects, family health education, health promoting nutrition education, visualization of technology education, eco creations, national and global food culture, interior design, technology education for special needs students, art therapy, development of leadership competencies, formation of study archives. The hidden curriculum of the study programme of technology pedagogics is ethnic culture, ecology, project activities.

Abstract Research purpose. The main objective of this work is to highlight the adoption of project management practices in companies’ digital transformation initiatives as a critical success factor. Thus, on the one hand, we will seek to systematize the importance of project management practices in the digital transformation of economic organizations and, on the other hand, analyze them based on a digital transformation project of one of the largest publishing groups in Portugal. Having previously studied the process of digital transformation of the warehouse through the adoption of a Warehouse Management System, it is now important to analyze to what extent the transformation process was successful and to what extent the management as a project contributed to the achievement of the intended objectives and generated economic value. Design / Methodology / Approach. The first part of the study was carried out through surveys to managers for a general characterization; the second part through the adoption of the focus group technique for analysis and study in greater depth of a case study. In the first phase, the focus group adopts semi-structured interviews with the different managers of the group’s different companies and respective departments. In the second phase, a joint reflection on the organizational and economic value creation was developed based on the different existing perspectives of the digital transformation project. This reflection allowed a more objective analysis of the results obtained, the adequacy of management options, and the deviations. Findings. Technologies analysis investment is a management principle, and the project management approach facilitates this practice. It is essential to carry out a careful project management approach and analyze the economic and financial viability of the investment. The disruptive changes associated with digital transformation make it difficult, and it is not easy to achieve the strategic objectives associated with these investments. So, the adoption of a project management approach seems to be critical for the success of the implementation of digital transformation initiatives. The current study highlights three critical aspects in the global assessment of IST investment: the importance of analyzing the objectives achieved; the importance of economic and financial analysis in determining the return on investment; and the relevance of the analysis being carried out by the stakeholders involved as a way of perceiving, individually and collectively, the diversity of the benefits achieved. Originality / Value / Practical implications. The digital transformation of companies is a current reality and justifies a project approach to guarantee success in economic and organizational initiatives. However, it is important to analyze how management adopts the associated practices and whether it is aware of the importance of evaluating the intended results.

Purpose – This paper aims to understand the contribution made by Facebook as a marketing tool for companies, and through empirical observation (interviews and questionnaires) and theoretical analysis (studies and academic literature on the subject), to analyse the reactions of individuals in social media (particularly in Facebook) and its confluence with the organizations. The overall aim is subdivided into three objectives covering more precisely the two poles of marketing communication (the consumers and the businesses), within the context of Facebook: to learn about the users’ vision on Facebook and their point of view on being a part of it; to understand the strategic vision of Facebook from those responsible for marketing and communication in companies; and to analyse the role of Facebook in marketing activities and interactive communication (users and companies). Design/methodology/approach – The first part of this study is a theoretical study of the area and existing published research. The second part is a qualitative study. In this sense, the theoretical analysis in the field of social networks supports the propositions discussed in the empirical analysis, which is based on a random sample of individuals and representative companies. The analysed universe consists of a randomly unrepresentative group of consumers living in Portugal, particularly in the cities of Funchal (Madeira) and Lisbon, and company representatives established in Funchal (Madeira), to understand if the theoretical arguments are also verified in these regions regardless of their particular characteristics, especially the geographical and demographic. Findings – Today the focus continues to be very connected to sales and promotions and to traditional communication channels when it should move to create interactions with meaning for the audience through content before focusing on sales. Organizations should consider the way they communicate with their target audience and consider social networks and mobile technologies as a new way of expanding the business, adapting to this new consumer not contemplated by the traditional marketing and communication media. Research limitations/implications – Furthermore, the existing literature quickly becomes obsolete without addressing the issue in depth, sometimes referring qualitative studies based on demographic and geographic variables and traditional models. Moreover, most of the authors are Anglo-Saxon and discuss realities away from the one studied here. Geographical location and time are also other important limitations, as in Portugal, the phenomenon is recent and both individual users and company representatives (who constituted the study sample) have little practical experience in the use of online technologies and social networks; probably the main setback is the limited period of the study, concentrating the analyses on the current interviewee experience instead of an evolutionary people's behaviour analyses concerning the use of social networks. Although the evolution of information technology is a catalyst for a more intense online social experience, it is important to understand how to live the virtual experience and how the communication between individuals and companies evolves (how to adapt to this new consumer audience), face the current short-term models based on offline actions, reactive strategic actions, misperception of users and lack of information on social network consumers’ life. Practical implications – Organizations should consider the way they communicate with their target audience and consider social networks and mobile technologies as a new way of expanding the business, adapting to this new consumer not contemplated by the traditional marketing and communication media. The study presents a qualitative analysis of the behaviour, the reactions and the attitudes of individuals towards organizations, with the aim of understanding which are the social factors that contribute to sustainable competitive advantage to organizations and support strategies and future actions. Social implications – The social aspects are a part of the experience in the Facebook community and also of the shopping experience. So it is important to monitor these behaviours in Facebook or other networks to perceive users of social networks, and consequently define marketing and communications actions to transform fans into customers. Relevant factors come associated with tacit knowledge of the organization, particularly those related with learning and social interaction of the organization and organization knowledge about virtual communities. To a higher coexistence of these factors, the more difficult the replication is, and the higher the strengthening of the hypothesis of sustainability of competitive advantage. Originality/value – Organizational survival increasingly depends on the socialization, sharing interests and activities with the audience linked to the incorporation of digital technologies in their activities, especially those related to social networks. Technology emerges as a support for the satisfaction of social connection, transforming communication between people and companies, making it much more dynamic and transparent. As we have seen, there are many positive factors associated with the participation in the social networks. Prominent among these are the interactivity, the detection of customer needs, the adjustment of supply, transmission of content without geographical boundaries and the ease of implementation of viral marketing campaigns.

Assoc. Prof. Stefan Serezliev, PhD – “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo” – E-mail: serezliev@ts.uni-vt.bg Georgi Petkov, PhD – Institute of Rhetoric and Communications E-mail: G.P.Petkov@gmail.com Issue 54 is again distinguished by its broad thematic focus, including scientific articles devoted to the disclosure of theoretical propositions and research results in the fields of argumentation, philosophy, literature, semiotics, and communications. The authors are from universities in Bulgaria: Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo”, NATFA “Krastyo Sarafov” - Sofia, Center for Semiotic and Cultural Studies, South-Western University “Neofit Rilski”, lecturers from foreign universities in Italy and Kazakhstak, as well as students from Portugal and Turkey on an Erasumus exchange at Sofia University. The authors are established scientists and researchers in a range of scientific fields, as well as PhD students and postgraduate students, thus representing different generations of researchers. The journal fulfils one of its functions of being a platform for the dissemination of theoretical observations and the sharing of research results using modern methods by representatives of academic communities from different countries. The first section “Philosophy, Semiotics, Literature” brings together four articles. Miroslav Dachev presents the results of an in-depth study of the overall image of the Theotokos in the context between the construction of canonical and apocryphal texts and the process of revealing certain possibilities of speech, which, in addition to the possibilities of representation, opens up new perspectives in the quest for a clearer focus of the author’s aptly named “vision”. One of the points of reference of the study is the constitution of the essence of iconographic solutions through a penetrating understanding of the worlds of the word in the overall understanding and acceptance of the immutable, inner world of the Holy Mother of God, which, by determining itself theologically through the dialogical relationship with Christ, makes sense of and opens up new interpretative possibilities. In his search for “a reliable reference point for the typology of images,” Miroslav Dachev accepts the challenge to conceptualize and propose “thinking images through the intentional states implicit in them.” As an overall result, it clearly emerges how, thanks to an expressed personal and abstractly shared intentional states in the understanding of the iconography of the Theotokos, iconic codes are transformed into iconographic ones. Kalina Grigorova presents the results of a study of the first five books of the Holy Scriptures of the Old Testament - the so-called Pentateuch, in which attention is focused on the genre features of the texts in which the root brk occurs in its meaning of “blessing/blessing”. She gives a brief overview of the history of research on genres in the Old Testament, defines some basic terms. Dorothea Nikolova provides an analytical overview of contemporary schools and trends in the philosophy of mind and language from the 20th and 21st centuries, which present concepts and views on metaphor, in particular cognitive metaphor. The author focuses on the study of conceptual metaphor (Leikoff and Johnson) and conceptual integration (Fauconier and Turner) in cognitive linguistics. The article establishes the theoretical frameworks and practical applications of the theories under consideration. Anastasia Xenodochidou in her article “Humour through the Scope of Social Theories and Pragmatic Approaches” explores humour represented in different social theories and through pragmatic approaches, the psychoanalytical aspect of humour and the element of surprise are highlighted too. The article outlines the role of human agency, cultural cognition, and linguistic devices, and the text contributes to a deeper and more adequate understanding of humor and comic discourse. The second section “Argumentation, Public and Strategic Communication” also includes four scientific articles. Marieta Boteva provides an overview of the basic publications of Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca and presents attempts to reconceptualize the ancient rhetoric in its part on argumentation. She analyses publications by other sceintists and researchers studying argumentation and identifies manifestations of argumentation in the behavior of the orator and his goal of achieving persuasion while respecting ethical norms, rules, and morality. Mariselda Tessarolo in her article “Bohm's Dialogue and Reciprocal Trust” focuses on dialogue and discusses two “theories”: Bohm (On Dialogue) and Moscovici and Doise (On Agreement and Disagreement). The article “Youth Vector of Europe: Strategic, State and International Communication” written by Lilia Zainieva, Aigul Abzhapparova and Elmira Suimbayeva from Al-Farabi Kazakh National University in Kazakhstan presents the results of studying youth policy issues and experiences in the field of education, employment and other key areas of life of the young generation through the prism of strategic communication. Nitza Hachmon and Krasimira Marulevska from South-Western University “Neofit Rilski” present the results of a study on the social, pedagogical and managerial aspects of the problem of integrating young teachers into the education system. The motives and risk factors that influence the process of integrating teachers into the school environment, in particular into the education system in Israel, are analyzed. Two articles - by Leonardo Pimentel and by Irem Kati - are included in the section “Student Debuts” and they refer to the study of European identity through the prism of strategic communication and media communication. By tradition, there is a section presenting the Contributors. Strictly following the journal’s tradition and in keeping with the terms of presenting its reviewers, the issue includes the updated line-up for 2023. Issue 54 of the Rhetoric and Communications Journal (January 2023) is published with the financial support of the Scientific Research Fund, Contract No. KP-06-NP4/72 of December 16, 2022. Rhetoric and Communications Journal, issue 54, January 2023 Read the Original in Bulgarian and English

From the Editors Huseyin Uzunboylu, Cigdem Hursen Dear Colleagues It is a great honour for us to welcome you as Editors of Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences which has accepted publications indexed in qualified databases since 2006. Our main aim is to increase the quality of the journal day by day. We are ready to publish the new issue of Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences which has 5 articles written by authors from Cyprus, Portugal and Turkey. The aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share their academic studies. First of all, I would like to thank all authors who have contributed to this issue. There are different focuses in the articles. For example, Sibel Ersel Kaymakamoğlu aimed to explore the English language learning beliefs of the students studying in the Guidance and Counseling Department at one of the Universities in Northern Cyprus. It also explored if the participants’ perceptions about English language learning showed differences according to gender and age. The findings revealed significant differences between the male and female participants’ perceptions about English language learning beliefs. On the other hand, İshak Kozikoğlu aim of this research is to analyze the studies concerning challenges faced by novice teachers in terms of various aspects and compare challenges according to location of the studies conducted in Turkey and abroad. Another study conducted by Fernando Almeida. They describe the experience of using a serious game in the entrepreneurship field in the context of the classroom. For that, they adopt a quantitative research technique based on a survey research to measure the different characteristics experienced by higher education students when using serious games in the classroom to learn entrepreneurship. The students have multidisciplinary competences, coming from courses with strong emphasis in the area of management and technology. The use of the serious game allowed students to develop skills mainly in terms of innovation, leadership, strategic thinking, problem solving, business launch and risk management. Also, Belkıs Tekmen aim of this study is to review and discuss some of these components of preschool teacher education in the Turkish context such as the student selection policy, faculty development, recruitment policies and competencies of the graduates. Finally, Huseyin Bicen and Senay Kocakoyun aimed to determine the opinions of students who participated in the development and application process of an Android application named NEU-CEIT about the mobile learning environment, educational and sharing structure of the developed application. According to the results, it was revealed that outcomes related with the usage structure of the developed application were positive, educational structure of the application is appropriate to follow the curriculum, it is rich in terms of materials and it might be one of the applications that students can use for communication. I would like to express my thanks to all authors preferring Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences to publish their articles, and also all reviewers working seriously in this process. Best regards, Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu Executive Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cigdem Hursen

A garantia de qualidade na construção corresponde a um justo equilíbrio entre qualidade e economia. O texto que se apresenta discute por forma introdutória os principais aspectos que conduzem à obtenção deste equilíbrio. Note-se 1:1ue a garantia de qualidade interessa a todos os participantes no acto de construir e, bem assim, a todos os que beneficiam ou são afectados por esse acto. De entre os principais aspectos tratados, refere-se o comportamento das construções, os cenários de acidente a que essas construções podem estar sujeitas e o aperfeiçoamento da construção, fruto dos ensinamentos da experiência. Faz-se uma breve introdução no que se refere à situação em Portugal e noutros países da Europa Ocidental. Discutem-se as atribuições, capacidades e responsabilidades dos participantes no acto de construir e, bem assim, o papel desempenhado pela normalização, certificação, homologação, controle de qualidade, etc. Tratam-se também os aspectos jurídicos e legais e o seguro da construção. Finalmente, referem-se aspectos deontológicos e de ética profissional e ainda a influência do ambiente e de factores psicológicos nos erros humanos.

Geographic information system analysis and artificial neural network modelling were combined to evaluate forest-fire susceptibility in the Central Portugal administrative area. Data on forest fire events, indicated by burnt areas during the years from 1990 to 2007, were identified from official records. Topographic, supporting infrastructures, vegetation cover, climatic, demographic and satellite-image data were collected, processed and integrated into a spatial database using geographic information system techniques. Eight fire-related factors were extracted from the collected data, including topographic slope and aspect, road density, viewsheds from fire watchtowers, land cover, Landsat Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, precipitation and population density. Ratings were calculated for the classes or categories of each factor using a frequency-probabilistic procedure. The thematic layers (burnt areas and fire-related factors) were analysed using an advanced artificial neural network model to calculate the relative weight of each factor in explaining the distribution of burnt areas. A forest-fire susceptibility index was calculated using the trained back-propagation artificial neural network weights and the frequency-probabilistic ratings, and then a general forest-fire susceptibility index map was constructed in geographic information system. Burnt areas were used to evaluate the forest-fire susceptibility index map, and the results showed an agreement of 78%. This forest-fire susceptibility map can be used in strategic and operational forest-fire management planning at the regional scale.

As reacções álcali-agregado encontram-se com relativa frequência nos betões de ligantes hidráulicos cujos efeitos podem ser muito prejudiciais para as obras com eles construídas. Este tipo de reacções desencadeia-se entre agregados reactivos (siliciosos ou dolomíticos) e os álcalis dos cimentos ou de outros agregados, e é propiciado pelo meio extremamente básico reinante no seio do betão. Nesse contexto, a caracterização adequada das formações geológicas, fonte de agregados, pode dar um impor­ tante contributo para os processos de diagnóstico e de prognóstico deste tipo de deterioração dos betões, nomeadamente porque dispõe de ferramentas importantes para identificação das espécies potencialmente reactivas. No presente artigo, referem-se alguns aspectos relacionados com a fenomenologia da alteração, com as formações geológicas potencialmente fornecedoras de agregados reactivos e com os métodos mais usuais para a sua identificação petrográfica e mineralógica. Estes aspectos são ilustrados com resultados de alguns casos estudados.

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the perception of generations (Baby boomers, X and Y) about the influence of Holistic Helixes of Innovation on Eco-innovation, as well as Eco-innovation on Environmental Practices, Cleaner Production, Social Actions, Regional Development, Smart Cities and Sustainable Development. Theoretical framework – Holistic Helixes of Innovation, Eco-innovation, Environmental Practices, Cleaner Production, Social Actions, Regional Development, Smart Cities and Sustainable Development. Design/methodology/approach – The method used was a descriptive, quantitative research, applied to 1032 individuals residing in Brazil and Portugal, analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. Findings – Holistic Helixes of Innovation strongly influence Eco-innovation. This finding can contribute to the promotion of public policies to encourage integration among stakeholders of holistic innovation helices, such as universities, government, industries, technology parks, spin-offs, incubators, startup, consulting teams, non-governmental organizations, shareholders, suppliers, and customers. The study also shows the positive influence of eco-innovation on environmental practices, cleaner production, social actions, smart cities, sustainable development, with emphasis on regional development. Research, Practical & Social implications – The Eco-innovation precepts are key to trigger positive influences on socio-environmental aspects, smart cities and regional and sustainable development. In this sense, organizations and governments can contribute to society, with greater efficiency, allocating resources in projects that develop socio-environmental innovations. Originality/value – It is relevant for science to know the variables that can help governments and other organizations to develop policies and actions to promote the improvement of people's quality of life from a long-term triple bottom line perspective.

As relações entre saúde e espaço são indissociáveis, pelo que se torna importante discutir o potencial da ciência geográfica na abordagem da saúde e avaliando-a como mais uma área de estudo na qual o Geógrafo pode intervir. Por seu turno, o espaço geográfico tem-se revelado como um importante atractivo para ciências que não o consideravam antes como crucial para a sua análise. Quando pensamos em planeamento em saúde, a escala local surge, cada vez mais, como um determinante quando se avalia uma qualquer doença e os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (S.I.G.) permitem-nos uma avaliação mais sustentada da realidade. Neste domínio o Geógrafo encontra-se capacitado, para em equipas multidisciplinares (sobretudo com Médicos, Economistas, Sociólogos), revelar o poder que tem a sua formação, resultante da capacidade para representar espacialmente e para usar os S.I.G. e, por outro lado, devido à sua habilidade para analisar simultaneamente a dimensão dinâmica e espacial de fenómenos como as doenças. O presente artigo pretende analisar aspectos teóricos e metodológicos deste fecundo campo de estudos e circunscreve-se à Geografia brasileira e portuguesa. Palavras-Chaves: Espaço, Saúde, Geografia da Saúde, Aspectos Conceptuais, Brasil, Portugal.

Purpose: This work was carried out in a company of the upholstery sector in northern Portugal to demonstrate that Investment in Preventive Measures, within the scope of Environmental Management and supported by a Circular Economy approach, is a significant investment decision, with transversal benefits to the entire organization. Methodology/Approach: This study focuses on an interview, a financial cost-benefit analysis and a sensitivity analysis. The company is in line with concerns about the Circular Economy. Findings: The findings support that the cost-benefit analysis is a valuable tool for decision-making and for identifying the potential benefits that can arise from implementing measures from the Circular Economy perspective. An action plan was structured with several recommendations in a logic of action priorities. A case study was carried out in the company and a model was designed. Research Limitation/Implication: The studied company is still at an embryonic stage. Nevertheless, it was possible to identify all environmental aspects, namely, impacts, consumption. The study in question was carried out only in one company. It can be extended to many more companies. Originality/Value of paper: The measures to be implemented, in addition to bringing economic and financial benefits to the Company, will contribute to a better and greater environmental sustainability and a better intervention at a social level.

Purpose The effects of customer satisfaction on loyalty have been widely discussed by the academic community. Although the results of the studies reported in the literature are often contradictory, the existence of a relationship between satisfaction and loyalty is acknowledged, despite the influence of moderators and constraints of various kinds. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this relationship in the specific context of the retail sector, since this sector presents major challenges in terms of competition, and efforts placed on customer satisfaction and loyalty are more evident. Design/methodology/approach A survey based on the European Customer Satisfaction Index (ECSI) model was applied to a retail store in Portugal. This model has its roots in Switzerland, where in 1989, Claes Fornell developed a new complementary method for measuring the overall quality of companies’ output, through the calculation of an aggregated customer satisfaction index. The proposed model is based on a set of causal relationships established between a set of constructs. The ultimate goal is to calculate both satisfaction and loyalty indexes as well as to estimate the relationship between both constructs. Structural equation modelling, based on a partial least squares (PLS) estimation methodology, is the statistical technique used to estimate the model parameters, as well as to compare the aggregated indexes. PLS is based on the principles of linear regression and combines multiple regression aspects with factor analysis, in order to estimate a series of interrelated relationships. Findings The results confirm a positive influence of satisfaction on customers’ loyalty to the retail store. The study also shows the importance of the image construct, due to its strong direct effects on satisfaction, which makes it essential for influencing the loyalty index, both directly and indirectly. The impact of the image construct is also evident on the expectations, as the latter has shown a considerable direct effect on perceived quality. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a single case study of a Portuguese sports retail store. In future it would be interesting to study a representative sample of the whole retail sector. Practical implications The study is useful for the specific retail store where it was undertaken to help it devise better customer service, in order to increase satisfaction and loyalty. It is also useful for the entire network of stores for that retailer and other retail chains. Social implications The systematic application of customer surveys to whole sectors of the economy would improve competition, customer service and, ultimately, contribute to development and economic growth. Originality/value The ECSI has been applied to various industry sectors in different countries, including Portugal. It has never been used in the context of the Portuguese retail sector and it adds to the discussion on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty, which is a pertinent topic of interest for researchers in quality management.

Purpose: This study seeks to analyse students’ perception of the effectiveness of business games as an e-learning method in management training. This analysis of games’ effectiveness is centred in the generic and managerial skills acquired, through the comparison of students’ opinions in different cultural contexts within Europe.Design/methodology/approach: The analysis focuses on 120 management students at postgraduate level who use the same business game at different universities in five European countries: Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Italy and Germany.Findings: The results indicate that students positively assessed the generic and specific managerial skills fostered by the business game. The generic skills most valued were information and decision-making, and leadership. Regarding the specific skills, the most valued were management skills and the least valued, skills related to planning and the acquisition of theoretical knowledge. However, significant differences were found between students in different cultural contexts and education systems in the case of certain specific managerial skills.Practical implications: This finding suggests that the students’ perception of how a business game helps them acquire specific managerial skills is influenced by cultural aspects and previous exposure to experiential learning, which determine that the teachers’ role and the teaching process should be adapted to the students’ learning model.Originality/value: With this study, a better knowledge about the students’ perception of this e-learning method is obtained, not just considering a specific educational environment, but comparing opinions of students from different cultural contexts, which adds value to the analyses developed.

A Revista Iberoamericana de Estratégia (RIAE) está com novos editores. O novo editor chefe é José Eduardo Storopoli (UNINOVE) e a co-editora é Heidy Rodriguez Ramos (UNINOVE). Os esforços editoriais anteriores da RIAE, coordenados pelo editor chefe Fernando Serra (UNINOVE) e co-editores Manuel Portugal (UFLA) e Cláudia Cirani (UNINOVE), fizeram grandes avanços no posicionamento científico e também no rigor científico da revista. Em termos numéricos, a RIAE possui na base SPELL, um impacto de 5 anos (sem autocitações) de 0,298 contabilizando 109 citações.Além disso, foram publicados diversos editoriais e manuscritos sobre as nuanças e idiossincrasias do processo de publicação de um manuscrito. A coleção de editoriais, rotulados de “como publicar?”, pode ser acessada no site da RIAE e encontra-se disponível no cabeçalho de navegação. Fruto de longas e profundas discussões, “como publicar?” abrange diversos temas, tais como: a estrutura de um manuscrito (introdução, revisão de literatura, construção de hipóteses, título, resumo, palavras-chave, etc.); questões metodológicas (trabalhos qualitativos, dados secundários, bibliometria, etc.); como escolher coautores; como elaborar revisões de submissões; etapas do processo editorial; resiliência e rejeição de submissões; normas APA; e recomendações para aumentar a possibilidade de publicação de artigos, dentre outros.“Como publicar?” é utilizada por diversos professores, pesquisadores e alunos, por ser considerada um guia prático para navegar no universo de pesquisa e publicação científica. É importante frisar que “como publicar?” continuará como um importante bastião da RIAE. Nas próximas edições, os leitores poderão usufruir de novos manuscritos que serão adicionados a esta coletânea, sejam editoriais, artigos de perspectivas ou outras categorias de manuscrito.A RIAE, além da troca dos editores, também expandiu a sua equipe de editores associados, que estão espalhados no Brasil e em diversos países ibero-americanos. Atualmente, os editores associados são: Claudia Cirani (UNINOVE), Christian Falaster (FURB), Fellipe Silva Martins (UNINOVE), María Isabel Arias (UNS – Argentina), Rosiele Fernandes (UFPB), Ivano Ribeiro (UNIOESTE), Danielli Backes (UFMT), Luiz Guerrazi (ISMAT - Portugal) e Vanessa Scaciotta (ISMAT - Portugal). Cada editor associado traz competências únicas para a RIAE de expertise teórico e metodológico.Um dos grandes desafios atualmente da RIAE é sua indexação no Scopus. Este processo foi iniciado em 2019 e daremos continuidade até termos uma resposta final. Uma vez encerrado este processo, a RIAE comunicará aos seus stakeholders, além de notificar quaisquer novidades relevantes ao longo do processo.Em relação ao escopo da revista, reforçamos nossa proposta de promoção e divulgação do conhecimento na área da estratégia, nas suas diversas perspectivas e aspectos teóricos, considerando: Estratégia e Desempenho; Liderança e Governança Estratégica; Formulação e Implementação da Estratégia; Estratégia Corporativa; Perspectivas Organizacionais e Sociológicas da Estratégia; Estratégia e Cooperação; Estratégia e Inovação; Estratégia e Negócios Internacionais; Estratégia e Empreendedorismo; e Estratégia e Marketing.A RIAE adicionou ao seu escopo científico estudos sobre o fenômeno da América Latina que possui oportunidades únicas para pesquisadores construírem e testarem teorias, além de apresentar grandes desafios sociais (Aguinis et al., 2020). Portanto, a nossa revista estimula e prioriza submissões que tenham como foco o fenômeno da América Latina. Uma segunda adição ao escopo da RIAE é a inclusão do indivíduo como unidade de análise. Isto faz com que o rol de unidades de análise declarados na missão da RIAE seja “... estuda os indivíduos, organizações, nações, mercados e sociedade em geral.” Tal adição é necessária para que a RIAE possa acompanhar a fronteira do conhecimento em estratégia, em especial, uma corrente teórica que considera o indivíduo como o principal ator da estratégia organizacional: a estratégia comportamental (Powell, Lovallo Fox, 2011).Finalizando este editorial, apresentamos os artigos que compõem o primeiro número de 2020 da RIAE.Iniciamos esta edição com o estudo de tendências de Luis Miguel Zanin e Júlio Araújo Carneiro da Cunha, que analisou as publicações em lógicas institucionais, indicando as possibilidades de estudos futuros para este campo, a partir de um estudo bibliométrico com o uso da técnica de pareamento bibliográfico.Seguido da resenha de Simone Silva Vicente, Diego Nogueira Rafael, Nairana Radtke Caneppele Bussler, José Joaquim Filho e Rodrigo Nabarreto, que estudou a disciplina estratégia no periódico acadêmico Strategic Management Journal no período de 2007-2018, após a obra de Ramos-Rodrigues e Ruiz-Navarro (2004), por meio de um estudo bibliométrico que utilizou a técnica de co-citação.O terceiro artigo, dos autores Lucy Carolina Elizalde-Bobadilla, Francisca Rojas-Santoyo e Rafael Leonardo Ochoa-Urrego, analisou a relação da estratégia e a estrutura organizacional no âmbito da Inovação não-PD, que considera empresas que carecem de estruturas formais de PD, a partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura.O quarto artigo, dos autores Edmilson Estevão da Silva, Patricia Viveiros de Castro Krakauer e Roberto Coda, identificou quais estágios do modelo de ciclo de vida organizacional (CVO) de Lester, Parnell e Carraher (2003) são pertinentes às startups brasileiras e apresenta recomendações estratégicas para cada estágio, a partir de um estudo empírico, considerando um total de 118 respostas.O quinto artigo, dos autores Adriana Verissimo Karam-Koleski, Cristiano José Castro de Almeida Cunha, Solange Maria da Silva e Eduardo Moreira da Costa, estudou as práticas de compartilhamento de conhecimento utilizadas em “Comunidades de Prática (CoPs) Multialocadas”, que precisam se valer de práticas diferenciadas para compartilhar seu conhecimento, a partir de uma revisão integrativa com consulta às bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO.O sexto artigo, dos autores Carina Vasconcellos de Oliveira Rodriguez, Patricia Amelia Tomei e Bernardo Paraiso de Campos Serra, analisou o alinhamento pessoa-organização (Person-Organization fit ou P-O fit) e sua influência no engajamento de colaboradores, a partir de um estudo de caso em uma empresa multinacional do segmento industrial.O sétimo artigo, dos autores Allison Manoel de Sousa, Rodrigo Rengel, Januário José Monteiro e Rodrigo Malta Meurer, analisou a relação da remuneração de executivos e o risco de 61 companhias dos setores de Abatedouros; Bancos; Construção de edifícios residenciais; Geração, transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica; Locação de Imóveis, e; Telecomunicações, entre 2011 e 2017, por meio da estatística descritiva e do modelo multivariado em painel.Encerrando a edição, o oitavo artigo, dos autores Gustavo Behling e Fernando César Lenzi, apresentou uma revisão de literatura sobre os elementos cognitivos que influenciam os modelos mentais de empreendedores na exploração de oportunidades. Desejamos a todos uma excelente leitura! José Eduardo Storopoli (Editor Chefe)Heidy Rodriguez Ramos (Co-editora)

En los últimos años, INNOVAR ha venido trabajando en el mantenimiento y fortalecimiento de su calidad académica y editorial. Fruto de todo ello, la revista es reconocida como una publicación líder en el campo de las ciencias sociales y de gestión que estudian a las organizaciones. En este momento, según el monitoreo que realiza el laboratorio SCIMAGO a las revistas indexadas en SCOPUS®, INNOVAR es la revista líder en Latinoamérica en estos campos del conocimiento1. Otras fuentes confirman este reconocimiento por parte de la comunidad académica y científica en Colombia (clasificación A1 en Publindex desde 2010 y hasta la actualidad) e iberoamérica. Por todo ello, es necesario reconocer y agradecer el trabajo comprometido y riguroso de autores, revisores, colaboradores administrativos, equipo editorial, comités de la revista y de quienes han estado a cargo de su dirección. La revista está comprometida con el pluralismo epistemológico y metodológico, en el marco de la excelencia académica.En la presente edición de INNOVAR, se publican nueve (9) artículos de investigación que reflejan la diversidad y la amplia red de colaboración internacional que participa en la revista. También publicamos la reseña de un libro resultado de investigación en el contexto colombiano.En la sección Estrategia y Organizaciones de este número se recogen tres (3) artículos producto de investigación.Desde la Universidad Tecnológica de Warsaw, Polonia, la profesora Anna Sankowska, aporta el trabajo titulado How Organizational Trust Affects the Market Position: The Mediating Role of Innovativeness and Operational Efficiency. Empirical Results. Esta investigación se enfoca en mostrar cómo un impacto combinado de la eficiencia operacional y la innovación transmite los efectos de la confianza organizacional en la posición de mercado de las empresas. El trabajo empírico, por medio de entrevistas a 202 empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa de Valores de Varsovia, fue realizado en el año 2010. El resultado más remarcable de la investigación es que existe una influencia significativa de la confianza en la posición de mercado de la empresa, antes que en la eficiencia operacional.Los profesores españoles Calvo-Bernardino, Mingorance-Arnáiz y Bermejillo-Ibáñez, vinculados a la Universidad CEU San Pablo, son autores del artículo ¿Pueden aplicarse las mismas políticas en las Comunidades Autónomas espaholas? Análisis empírico a partir del patrón de crecimiento potencial en Comunidades Autónomas con estructuras productivas similares. Esta es una investigación en el campo de la estrategia de organizaciones públicas o gubernamentales. El trabajo se preocupa por identificar si existen diferencias entre las estructuras económicas de las diecisiete (17) Comunidades Autónomas españolas y en evaluar la tendencia o patrón de crecimiento potencial para las mismas. Para ello, se toman como referentes datos estadísticos de los últimos cincuenta años, que son analizados por medio de diferentes metodologías estadísticas. Se concluye que desde los 90, se identifican estructuras productivas y tendencias en la productividad del trabajo similares y se enfatiza en la necesidad de fortalecer el capital humano.El profesor Mariano García-Fernández, de la Universidad de Alicante, España, contribuye en este número con la investigación Influencia de la gestión de la calidad en los resultados de innovación a través de la gestión del conocimiento. Un estudio de casos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar la influencia de la gestión de la calidad en la innovación, por medio de la gestión del conocimiento. Metodológicamente, el estudio se realiza en cinco (5) empresas del sector servicios en España, aplicando entrevistas a profundidad y observación directa. Los resultados aportan información sobre el papel de mediación que juega la gestión del conocimiento en la relación entre la gestión de la calidad y la innovación.La segunda sección del número 61 de INNOVAR es Emprendimiento y Gestión Empresarial, donde se presentan dos (2) artículos.Fruto de una colaboración internacional, los profesores David Ernesto Wong, de la Universidad del Pacífico, Perú, y Miguel Victor Chirinos, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, presentan la investigación titulada ¿Los modelos basados en el CAPM valoran adecuadamente los emprendimientos familiares? La investigación buscó evaluar la pertinencia del valor presente neto, que toma la tasa de descuento según el CAPM, para valorar los emprendimientos familiares. A partir de una rigurosa revisión de la literatura, los autores caracterizan los emprendimientos familiares y los limites y problemas del modelo CAPM, por los supuestos que adopta para valorar estas empresas en los países emergentes, para luego realizar la evaluación de 147 emprendimientos iniciados entre 1983 y 1993 en la ciudad de Lima. Los resultados del trabajo muestran que no existe un procedimiento adecuado para valorar los emprendimientos familiares, puesto que el modelo de valor presente neto, según el CAPM, desestima las características y las condiciones de los emprendimientos.Desde la Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España, las profesoras Batista-Canino, Bolívar-Cruz y Medina-Brito publican el artículo Monitorización del proceso emprendedor a través del modelo de negocio. El trabajo pretende evidenciar cómo el modelo de negocio podría operar como una herramienta de prospección y evaluación del proceso emprendedor. Se plantean adaptaciones al marco teórico de los modelos de negocio y se desarrolla una metodología para el análisis longitudinal del emprendimiento, que luego se aplica en un caso concreto. El trabajo aporta una herramienta metodológica concreta y la caracterización de un caso, presentando la acción de los emprendedores en su proceso de interpretación y adaptación al entorno.Organizaciones y Cultura es la tercera sección de INNOVAR para el presente número, constituida por dos (2) artículos fruto de procesos de investigación.Las investigadoras Elena Navarro-Astor, Marisa Román-Onsalo y Margarita Infante-Perea nos presentan el trabajo Revisión internacional de estudios de barreras de carrera bajo la perspectiva de género en la industria de la construcción. El artículo tiene como objetivo conocer el estado de la investigación sobre las barreras de carrera existentes en el sector de la construcción, bajo la perspectiva de género, a nivel internacional. La investigación sistematiza las barreras identificadas en la investigación existente hasta el momento, diferenciando las barreras reales y las percibidas. Con base en un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura publicada en el periodo 2000-2014, la investigación concluye que el tema en el sector de la construcción no ha sido adecuadamente investigado (infra-investigado), tanto en España como en América Latina. Se identifica que entre las barreras reales está la dificultad del equilibro entre la vida profesional y la laboral, así como los problemas de profesionalidad en los procesos de gestión de recursos humanos, que generan segregación. En cuanto a barreras percibidas, se encuentran la cultura machista y la existencia de redes sociales de masculinidad en el sector de la construcción.De la Universidad Católica de Norte, Chile, las investigadoras Paulina Irene Salinas y Camila Fernanda Cordero son las autoras del artículo Transformación de los liderazgos en la minería: gestión estratégica para incorporar mujeres a la industria. El trabajo busca analizar el papel de los jefes o gerentes en el proceso de reversión de la baja participación de las mujeres en la industria minera. A partir de un estudio de caso en un gran empresa minera en Chile, se caracteriza el liderazgo transformacional que debería jugar la gerencia para facilitar la adaptación y proyección de las mujeres en el sector. Aspectos clave, según los resultados de la investigación, serían otorgar cargos de responsabilidad y liderazgo a las propias mujeres en esta industria y transformar la gestión del recurso humano.Nuestra cuarta sección es Aportes a la Investigación y a la Docencia, donde se publican dos (2) artículos.Desde Brasil, los profesores Portugal, Ribeiro y Kramer, de la Universidade Nove de Julho, y Almeida, de la University of São Paulo, aportan la investigación titulada A Bibliometric Study of the Resource-based View (RBV) in International Business Research Using Barney (1991) as a Key Marker. Este estudio bibliométrico analiza la incorporación de la teoría de los recursos y capacidades en el campo de la investigación en negocios internacionales en los últimos veinte años. A partir de la selección de revistas de impacto indexadas en el Social Science Citation Index, se identifica la red de categorías, citación y co-citación que se ha generado, con base en el trabajo pionero que introdujo la teoría de los recursos y capacidades. Se concluye que esta teoría ha tenido una importante influencia en el desarrollo del campo de los negocios internacionales y se identifican algunas áreas de investigación futura, que cuentan con alto potencial.Por otra parte, en una colaboración interinstitucional, los investigadores Magali Cárdenas y Luis Arturo Rivas, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México, Fernando Ramírez, de la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, y Nadima Simón, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, nos presentan el trabajo titulado Análisis de una Red Científica en México. Este artículo presenta el estudio de la Red Ambiental, surgida en el Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México y que articula a 231 investigadores. La comprensión de la manera como operan las redes científicas resulta relevante para la generación, gestión y evaluación de la creación de conocimiento. Con base en la producción académica de los investigadores, se pudo desarrollar una caracterización de la Red Ambiental. Se concluye que en la conformación de esta red, los investigadores aún operan como islas, lo que implica poco trabajo colaborativo y la prevalencia de esfuerzos de producción intelectual individuales. Se plantean algunos elementos de política para la gestión de los recursos de investigación, que incentiven el trabajo colaborativo y la generación real de una red.Finalmente, en este número de INNOVAR publicamos la reseña del libro Conocimiento gerencial. El caso de una empresa multinegocios: Suramericana S.A., realizada por el profesor Hugo A. Macías de la Universidad de Medellín, Colombia. Esta reseña es una invitación a conocer el libro, que resulta de un trabajo de investigación de una tesis doctoral y que, con rigor, aborda el estudio de caso de un importante grupo empresarial colombiano.Nota1 http://www.scirnagojr.corn/journalsearch.php?q=11600153630&tip=sid&clean=0.

Contemporary strategic planning represents a logic of space reproduction based on the promotion of tourism as the cornerstone of cultural and creative economy. However, some grassroots social initiatives aim to build alternative spaces to the economic approach that permeates contemporary urban planning. This article reflects comparatively on the cases of the Metelkova self-organized autonomous zone (Ljubljana, Slovenia) and the STOP Shopping Center (Porto, Portugal). We suggest that both the squatting of military installations (Slovenia), as the strategic reconfiguration of a private commercial building (Portugal), share common aspects that must be addressed under a place-making approach. In doing so, we propose that the cultural activity produced in these places, their socioeconomic influence in the urban environment and their ability to promote tourism has resulted in a brand that allows them to be tolerated by their respective local governments.

<p>As operações de concentração de instituições financeiras têm por objetivo, em geral, criar dimensão e oportunidades de ganhos resultantes das poupanças em custos e das sinergias geradas. O objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar as decisões estratégicas de concentração da oferta pública de aquisição do banco BCP ao banco BPI, cujo processo decorreu entre Março de 2006 até ao final de Novembro de 2007. A teoria subjacente a este tipo de operações, de carácter neoliberal e de cariz anglo-saxónico, defende haver ganhos de eficiência devido às economias de escala em organizações de maior dimensão, não considerando os aspetos comportamentais dos gestores. A análise dos dados recolhidos permite, através do estudo de caso, verificar as estratégias adotadas por cada instituição, os motivos que levaram à rejeição da proposta e a importância das entidades reguladoras neste processo. Os resultados fornecem uma base sólida para concluir que as decisões estratégicas do BPI foram mais fortes que as propostas do BCP, e as decisões tomadas pelos reguladores tiveram um peso importante no desfecho da operação, tendo penalizado a operação pela demora na resposta, ainda que os procedimentos existentes tendam a ser cada vez mais desburocratizados e autónomos. A conclusão tem por base uma reflexão sobre o tipo de estratégias adotadas por cada instituição envolvida e o impacto provocado por cada iniciativa.</p><p>The concentration operations of financial institutions aim, in general, to create dimension and earnings opportunities, which result from costs savings and from synergies generated by the new company. So on, it induces productivity and greater competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategic decision of the takeover bid of BCP on BPI, a process that took place between Mar./2006 and the end of Nov./2007. The theory behind this type of operations has a neoliberal and Anglo-Saxon character, advocating the existence of efficiencies due to economies of scale in larger organizations, not considering the behavioral aspects of management. The analysis of the gathered data provides, through the case study, clues on the strategies adopted by each institution, the reasons that led to the rejection of the proposal and the importance of regulatory authorities in this process. The results provide a solid basis for concluding that the strategic decisions of BPI were stronger than the related decisions of the BCP, and the decisions taken by the regulators also had an important role in the outcome of the operation, although existing procedures tend to be increasingly unbureaucratic and independent. The conclusion is based on a reflection on the type of strategies adopted by each institution involved and the impact caused by each initiative.</p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>G21; G24; G34</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0135/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3887448"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3887448.svg" alt="DOI" /></a>

As a cross-sectoral issue, the promotion of health needs to be addressed across all policies. In Portugal, as more competencies are being transferred to local governments, the integration of health considerations into municipal plans remains a challenge and guidance on how to develop an integrated municipal health strategy is absent. The aim of this study is to describe the conceptual and methodological approach that informed the development of an integrated and multisectoral municipal health strategy in the City of Coimbra. Its design followed a population health approach with a geographic lens, looking at how the population’s health outcomes and health determinants were geographically distributed across the municipality, as well as the extent to which policies from multiple sectors can address them. The planning cycle followed an iterative workflow of five actions: assessing, prioritizing, planning, implementing, and monitoring. Following a participatory planning approach, several participatory processes were conducted involving local stakeholders and citizens (e.g., population-based surveys, workshops, Delphi, collaborative sessions) to identify problems, establish priorities, and define measures and actions. The strategic framework for action integrates 94 actions across multisectoral domains of municipal intervention: sustainable mobility and public places, safe and adequate housing, accessible healthcare, social cohesion and participation, education and health literacy, and intersectoral and collaborative leadership. Findings shed light on important aspects that can inform other municipal strategies, such as the adoption of a place-based approach, focused on geographic inequalities, health determinants and stakeholder participation, and the application of a health in all policies framework.

If Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to be effective and fulfil in the spirit of its governing EU Directive 2001/42/EC, cooperative and inclusive attitudes are essential. Cooperation should involve institutions, planning authorities and agencies which are involved in environmental assessment procedures. Inclusion implies favouring and catalysing local communities’ participation, that is participation of the public, in the planning/ assessment process.This paper discusses crucial aspects of SEA through a comparison of two case studies: the SEA of the Torbay Local Transport Plan 2006-2011 (LTPT) published by Torbay Council, and the Masterplan of the Port of the City of Cagliari, 2010 (MPPC) published by the Autorità Portuale di Cagliari in Sardinia, Italy, to provide evidence and lessons of good practice for both the UK and Italy. These include the assessment of:i. the endogeneity of the SEA process’ with respect to the planning process;ii. the sustainability and participation approaches;iii. the way available alternative planning options are compared;iv. the definition of the monitoring process.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the trends in publications made to International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management (IJQRM) for time period ranging from 2002–2022. In this study authors performed bibliometric analysis on the publications extracted from Scopus database using citations, authors, keywords and bibliographic coupling methods. The analysis helped authors highlighting the achievements of the journal towards the development of field of “quality” and “reliability” management and explore future avenues to be researched upon in the domain.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper outputs derived through VoS viewer and bibliographic data of Scopus were used to examine various tabular and pictorial aspects of the authors, sources, documents, countries and keywords analysis.FindingsThe analysis results revealed that International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management (IJQRM) has got incredible 33,344 citations since 2002 with average citation count per document at 22.69. Sohal A.S. from Monash University, Australia has topped the list of most influential authors in terms of citations per document (107.20 citations/doc) published with IJQRM. However, Antony J. with massive 39 publications in total with 2074 citations is the most prominent contributor for the journal. The author has gained 6% of the total journal citations. The contributions from India, United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Iran, Australia, Portugal, Brazil, Spain, Sweden, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia are more noteworthy.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has implications for future researchers and journal editorial team to explore possibilities in tapping various uncovered and upcoming research areas related to the scope of journal. The findings of the study may prompt research initiatives linked to diverse fields in sync with changes happening across globe such as: Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Data Science etc.Originality/valueThe study is an attempt to investigate the long standing heritage offered by IJQRM to the world of quality and reliability management. The authors tried to unearth some hidden facts about the IJQRM and attempted to showcase the past and explore future directions to the researchers and editorial team.

Introduction Despite the emphasis on the theoretical definitions of the concept of “creativity“ and its impact on cities, it is still uncertain, difficult to measure and limited. Creativity and its impacts are difficult to generalise because of the multiplicity of approaches and a lack of comparative analysis. The concept of creativity and its reflection on cities represents a paradigm that brings together academics from different fields, including cultural economists, those working on economic development and innovation, sociologists, economic geographers, and urban planners. The creative economy has been associated with the knowledge economy and innovation since its onset in the 2000s and extends to the creative industries (Caves), the creative class (Florida), and creative cities (Landry; Florida et al.). Given that the term "creative" is still primarily associated with the arts and sciences, Landry points out that two major issues shape our understanding of creativity: first, the power of thoughts and ideas in shaping our mindset, and second, the significance of culture as a creative resource (Landry). Creativity is generally accepted as a critical urban phenomenon, and is viewed as one of the determining factors in the development and growth of cities. For a city to be defined as ‘creative’, it would be characterised by many aspects of ‘cultural cities’ (Scott) and ‘cities of knowledge’ (Yigitcanlar et al.). Creative industries, which provide the foundation for the production of culture and creative products, require a unique environment supported by the public sector to flourish, and they thrive on proximity and strong networks that enable information sharing and exchange. Although accepted as a crucial element of contemporary cities, the use of ‘creativity’ in city development may not be a straightforward task. Globalisation plays an important role in spotlighting creative cities as drivers of global change and innovation. The emphasis on creativity as part of the global city culture incentivises cities to focus on these activities as valuable assets. This view has been reinforced by global initiatives such as the designation of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC). City administrators view innovation and creativity as critical drivers for a more sustainable and inclusive means of urban development. This article lays out how drivers of creative output, design events, and creative industries contribute to local initiatives in the global city of Istanbul: a city that accommodates some of the most long-standing and established craft spaces as well as newly developing creative and design industries. This article provides a critical perspective on cultural frameworks from the perspective of local stakeholders and networks in Istanbul's Tomtom neighbourhood, the most invested district in terms of the city's cultural future, where creative industries are the main focus. Using the Creative Cities Network as a Creative City Identity The creative city concept is used by urban sociologists, geographers, urban planners, and economists to focus on developing a segment of society that is intertwined with the cultural and creative sphere. It represents a crucial and strategic industry for renewing the local economy and sustaining urban growth. Moreover, it has become a robust development paradigm adopted by many urban governments (d’Ovidio). The creative city, according to Costa, is a notion defined by three key elements. The first is the concept of creativity as a toolset for urban development; the second is the concept of the creative city as a collection of creative activities and businesses; the third promotes the concept of the creative city as a human resource capable of attracting creative competencies (Costa et al.). Successful creative cities have some common points, such as visionary individuals, creative organisations, physical and social assets, and a political culture that shares a clear purpose. Leadership was found in the public, private, and non-profit sectors, and it manifested itself in bold public efforts, frequently risky investments, and a web of interrelated undertakings, whether for profit or the common good (Landry). International recognition provides a building ground for attracting attention to local initiatives. UNESCO created the Creative Cities Network (UCCN) in 2004. It was conceived from the very beginning as an interactive process to bridge the possible isolation of cities and their inhabitants as a tool for multi-stakeholder collaboration. In other words, it was a relevant response, analysed in a comprehensive overview of the literature on the problem of urban branding. However, it gradually became clear that a kind of network structure alone was insufficient to combat fragmentation (Rosi). The network's purpose is to foster international cooperation among the selected cities in order to promote "joint development partnerships in line with UNESCO's worldwide priorities of "culture and development" and "sustainable development". A city's participation in the network allows it to communicate with other designated foreign metropoles and to carry out joint projects (Stocker). The 2007 global financial crisis and the ensuing recession led to movements that responded to the commodification of urban public space through applied, community-based activities and independent cultural production. This has resulted in new paths for reorienting the creative city strategy around the concept of "making" (Grodach). Scholars have linked creative placemaking to a long history of arts-based economic growth dating back to the late nineteenth-century City Beautiful movement. However, the reification of "creative placemaking" as a discursive practice guided and enforced by government agencies, funders, and other institutions elevates it above previous forms of arts-based economic development or cultural planning (Zitcer). It seeks to go beyond purely economic motivations and pursue multidimensional outcomes ranging from the economic to bringing "diverse people together to celebrate, inspire and be inspired" (Grodach). Place-selling, or communicating certain features of a place through logos, slogans, advertising campaigns, or public relations exercises, is one of the most prevalent actions carried out under the broad umbrella of place-making and marketing. Physical interventions and communication tactics that pick specific components of local 'identity', 'history', and 'culture' can be used to produce this "forging of associations" between places, their attributes, and specific target audiences (Colomb). This new outlook reflects Landry's emphasis on creative collaboration, but the impetus is on cross-agency partnerships and new funding sources for design and art that foster ‘creative’ cities. Placing Istanbul on the Cultural Map If the world was only one country, Istanbul would be its capital. — Napoleon Bonaparte Istanbul is one of the world's largest metropoles, with approximately 15 million inhabitants. It has served as a crossroads for civilisations, cultures, and international trade throughout its history, leaving behind a multi-layered cultural legacy that inspires new design concepts and is a rich source for traditional arts and crafts. The robust creative economy in Istanbul employs 140,000 people and generates 74.5 percent of Turkey's turnover. As a design hub, Istanbul hosts over 20 globally famous design events each year, including the Istanbul Design Biennial, Design Week Turkey, and Fashion Week Istanbul. In 2016 there were 41 conference centres and 225 art galleries in the city. In the same year, Istanbul's cultural institutions hosted 4,315 events, including international film, music, and theatre festivals, as well as art and design biennials. Events such as Contemporary Istanbul have been important in establishing a network of non-governmental organisations that have also been instrumental in the 2010 designation as the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) and membership in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN). It has also served three times as United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) leader. For previous ECoC cities, national or local governments had nominated their cities for the ECoC program, but in Istanbul non-governmental organisations spearheaded and managed the nomination process (Öner). This has lead to a slow and stunted start for the programs which were greatly diminished due to the difficulties in securing the required funding. ​​After becoming an ECoC in 2010, Istanbul joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in 2017, joining 246 cities worldwide. UNESCO defines Istanbul as “a geography where craft and craftsmanship have emerged in many different ways in the historical and cultural codes of creative production and everyday life” (UCCN About Us). Because of its cultural heritage, Istanbul can be considered an inspiration for the design sector and promotes its productive capacity. Due to Istanbul’s geographically unique position, there are significant opportunities, experiences, and potentials to reveal new scenarios to promoting a productive future by enhancing innovative approaches for contemporary design. Participating in the UCCN undoubtedly has significant benefits for Istanbul. First of all, it has the opportunity to share its knowledge experience with other cities in the network, and it can have the opportunity to promote its work through networking events organised regularly within Design Cities. In Istanbul, which is the locomotive of the Turkish economy, the vision of the 2014-2023 Regional Plan, prepared by the Istanbul Development Agency, identifies the city as "a city of innovation and culture with its creative and free people; unique Istanbul". Moreover, one of the three essential components of this vision is "a high added value, innovative and creative economy with a voice in the global economy" (ISTKA). This component reveals the importance of innovation and creativity-oriented growth in Istanbul for the gains created in the economic field to bring social development and realise holistic development. Although these frameworks have provided a strong ‘creative’ identity to the city, the lack of specific programs and funding opportunities for ‘creative industries’ that fall under these headings have not allowed these initiatives to be felt at the local scale. Fig. 1: Location of Beyoğlu district. In this article we chose Beyoğlu (fig. 1) as the local case study, due to the existence of cultural/creative industries since the nineteenth century. When we look at previous periods, there were times when Beyoğlu fell out of favour, and different segments gave up coming to Beyoğlu for various reasons. However, Beyoğlu has always recovered and regained its identity as a historical, touristic, and cultural centre (Türkün). Beyoğlu has been the scene of social and spatial changes. Especially a rapid renewal process has been in process since the 1980s. As a result most of the buildings were restored, leading to wide-scale gentrification, and many new buildings were built throughout Istiklal Street, its main avenue. The roads on both sides of the pedestrian street are filled with cafes, art galleries, bookstores, and antique shops, making Beyoğlu a 'Turkish SoHo' (Gül). A Critical Perspective from Tomtom Neighbourhood Tomtom is one of the 45 neighbourhoods of the Beyoğlu district with a historic identity and cultural richness (fig. 2). It has hosted many diplomatic institutions and historical buildings such as the Venetian Palace, the French Palace, the Italian, Russian, Dutch, and French embassies, ​​and continues to house many consulates and foreign schools (Akın). Because it is located in the centre of Galata, Çukurcuma, and Karaköy, since the beginning of the 2000s the Tomtom neighbourhood has become very attractive due to low rental prices in the transformation process in Beyoğlu. With the low-cost renovation practices, the creative class, which has a weak economic accumulation, and has a high artistic quality, has started to open their galleries in this district. In addition to this, cafés, boutique hotels, and entertainment venues opened in succession, and this class transformation attracted the attention of capital owners. The district had to face not only the danger of gentrification caused by this class migration but also the results of the Galataport project, a real estate capital initiative (Kütükoğlu). Fig. 2: Map of the Tomtom neighbourhood and its surroundings. A case study was conducted between September 2018 and August 2021 using secondary data, observation, and in-depth interviews to provide a critical perspective on cultural frameworks from the perspective of local stakeholders and networks in this neighbourhood. In the case study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 design studios and art galleries that have moved to Tomtom in the last decade. These interviews were held in three separate periods: the first was in September 2018, following the start of the Tomtom Designhood Project; the second in August 2019; and the last in June 2021. The Missing Ingredients As mentioned above, some criteria are required to be a booming creative city. As a result of the fieldwork carried out in the Tomtom neighbourhood, Istanbul's trajectory in becoming a creative city has been discussed under three headings: ownership and patronage, financial support, and resilience. The creative cluster in the Tomtom neighbourhood started as a neighbourhood revitalisation effort by a real estate investment firm to create a cultural hub in Istanbul, with the creation and promotion of an annual design event since 2017: Tomtom Designhood, inspired by similar events across Europe. However, this business approach did not suit the cultural businesses moving into the neighbourhood. Relying on the market alone and expecting up-and-coming cultural businesses to ‘invest’ in promoting their neighbourhood has not been a sustainable growth model for Tomtom. Interviews with firms in the area have demonstrated that social networks have been a more reliable means for attracting and maintaining design firms in the area. These networks appear to create a sense of belonging and identity, with a high level of personal investment, trust, and support as the foundation of relationships. The slow-paced relocation of businesses within close social networks has been more promising in establishing the cultural hub. The results show that the creative cluster grew slowly due to the lack of support by local authorities and the limited resources for the businesses relocating into the area. In recent years, multidisciplinary design events have been taking place in this new creative neighbourhood. Tomtom Designhood generally organises these events, some of them with the cooperation of the annual design event Contemporary Istanbul, and invites everyone to explore this creative neighbourhood with pop-up events, food and drink, and art and design exhibitions. In addition to design activities that recur periodically, there are also one-time events such as 'Back to Home', 'Tomtom Designwalks', and 'Portugal Is in Istanbul'. The main goal of these events is accessible art. Moreover, they aim to bring together art galleries, institutions, collectors, art students, and people of all ages who want to learn and know art better, especially young people and art professionals. These design events, which were put forward with the idea of "accessible art for everyone", have lacked patronage and backing from donors or government funding and thus had to be self-sustaining. Furthermore, the Tomtom events have been shifted to ‘money-making’ initiatives which further degraded their acceptance in the local neighbourhood. The design events and festivals in the neighbourhood are not directly connected with the creative community around the UCCN. The case study explores the effects of the large-scale design events on local dynamics and has also touched upon the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, and reveals that the most critical factor in the creative industries' resilience in times of crisis has been support by public policies and advocates. The Covid-19 pandemic, which can be described as a global crisis, has affected the creative sectors at Tomtom and tested the resilience of the design firms in the area. Due to the lockdown measures, restrictions on international mobilities, and social distancing measures implemented in this process, some creative sectors could not continue their operations. There were no specific funding support systems for design professionals. Stating that the most significant potential of this area has been foreign tourists, the designers commented that their work has come to a standstill due to the complete stoppage of the tourist flow during the pandemic. On the other hand, it has been determined that some designers explored new business forms by developing new skills, not affected by the pandemic or relatively less affected. In addition, designers who sell products that appeal to higher-income groups also stated that they have not been economically affected by this process. ‘The City of Design’ title was expected to bring some visible changes to Istanbul, especially in an emerging creative neighbourhood like Tomtom, and even in the entire Beyoğlu district. However, unfortunately, it is not possible to see the effects of these even in a crucial creative neighbourhood like Tomtom. A positive step was taken at the last point of the whole place branding process, and Tomtom was included in the "Beyoğlu Culture Road" project carried out by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in June 2022 (fig. 3). In this project, which is defined as "the branding project that transfers the cultural heritage of a city to future generations", many paid and free design events were held for two weeks in crucial creative and touristic areas such as Galataport, Atatürk Cultural Center, and French Street, with the participation of many national and international designers and artists. Many people had the opportunity to get to know Tomtom as a design neighbourhood, thanks to various concerts, workshops, festivals, design product exhibitions, and food and beverage areas held during this event for two weeks. Fig. 3: Posters for the Tomtom Designhood event in 2018 (left) and 2022 (right). (Source: Tomtom Designhood.) From Istanbul's perspective, the reciprocal relationship between creativity and Istanbul results in more creative industries, strengthening Istanbul's position in the global network. This study proves that a successful cultural policy needs to include financial support and local government cooperation for a more sustainable strategy. From an urban policy perspective, social networks seem a crucial player for a better and more sustainable support system that provides answers to the needs of the creative industries. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide new perspectives on understanding the importance of the collaboration of private, public, and civil society actors in order to strengthen cultural industries in creative cities and promote the diversity of cultural expressions. In Tomtom, as Colomb argued and authors focussed on place-making and branding have argued, specific local culture, history, identity, and aesthetics are picked, sanitised, commodified, and promoted to be consumed by target groups such as tourists or high-income locals as part of the place-making process. However, in this local neighbourhood, this process can negatively affect the spaces and social groups involved, particularly with gentrification pressure from its surrounding neighbourhoods, resulting in a loss of authenticity or outright displacement in the future. Acknowledgment The research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the TUBITAK 2214-A International Research Scholarship Program. Sources Maps in fig. 1 and fig. 2 were developed by the authors using mapstyle.withgoogle.com. Posters in fig. 3 are from Tomtom Designhood: https://www.facebook.com/Tomtom-Designhood-363369284116558/. References Akın, Nur. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Galata ve Pera. No. 24. Literatur, 1998. Caves, Richard E. Creative Industries: Contracts between Art and Commerce. Harvard UP, 2000. Colomb, Claire. Staging the New Berlin: Place Marketing and the Politics of Urban Reinvention Post-1989. Routledge, 2013. D'Ovidio, Marianna. 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