Journal articles on the topic 'Portugal – Social conditions'
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1
Silva, Célia Taborda. "Social Movements in Contemporary Portugal." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p36-42.
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This paper focuses in transformation of Portuguese society throughout the analysis of social movements. Social movements in Portugal were changing as the evolution of society. Throughout the ages, according to circumstances of each historical period protest as changing. in the early nineteenth century, the transition from the Old Regime to Liberalism sparked riots. The protests were dominated by the peasants, motivated by the introduction of liberalism and capitalism, which have transformed the traditional way of living. The late nineteenth and early twenty centuries brought the claim of the labor movement and unionism with the consequent organization of social events, such as strikes. The industrialization of the country created a great social inequality between the factory owners and workers, the latter living in precarious conditions which led to revolt. Between 1933 and 1974 the Portuguese dictatorship dominated the political system but even the social repression prevented the existence of strikes and demonstrations due to hunger. After 1974, the country resumes freedom but political and social democratization brought much dispute motivated by the opening of society to the global world.
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Seabra, Teresa, and Sandra Mateus. "School achievement, social conditions and ethnicity: Immigrants’ children in basic schooling in Portugal." Portugese Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 17, 2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss.10.1.73_1.
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Santos, Cláudia Priscila C. dos, Tatiane Valduga, and Jorge Ferreira. "Social work in the web of social protection: Contexts and alternatives." International Social Work 63, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818788924.
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In the context of research in the field of social work, we have carried out an analysis on the relationship between two social policy measures intended to promote the social well-being of its beneficiaries in Portugal. Through a deductive methodology, the results show the impact of the adopted measures aimed at reducing spending on social policies. Conclusions highlight that social workers can collaborate with alternative social responses in an evidence-based manner, enhancing practice, namely, regarding competencies for the realisation of social diagnosis within the context of peoples’ living conditions in order to promote access of citizens to social support.
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Pereira, S., A. M. Ramos, J. L. Zêzere, R. M. Trigo, and J. M. Vaquero. "Spatial impact and triggering conditions of the exceptional hydro-geomorphological event of December 1909 in Iberia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-371-2016.
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Abstract. According to the DISASTER database the 20–28 December 1909 event was the hydro-geomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases that occurred in Portugal in the period 1865–2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro Basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work has a dual purpose: (i) to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event over Portugal and Spain; (ii) to analyse the meteorological conditions that triggered the event and the spatial distribution of the precipitation anomalies. Social impacts that occurred in Portugal were obtained from the Disaster database (Zêzere et al., 2014) whereas the data collection for Spain was supported by the systematic analysis of Spanish daily newspapers. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20th Century Reanalysis data set from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto, and Guarda (in Portugal), to Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León, and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DISASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused 89 casualties (57 due to floods and 32 due to landslides) and a further total of 3876 affected people, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated, and homeless people. This event was associated with outstanding precipitation registered at Guarda (Portugal) on 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low-pressure system located over the NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located SW–NE oriented towards Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated with the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic Basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic DISASTER event that has occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event.
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Delgado, João, Ana Mafalda Matos, and Ana Sofia Guimarães. "Linking Indoor Thermal Comfort with Climate, Energy, Housing, and Living Conditions: Portuguese Case in European Context." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 6028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166028.
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Even though the milder climate scenario and constant evolution of thermal building regulation are in light of European initiatives, in Portugal, there are few houses where occupants can remain all the time in perfectly comfortable temperature conditions without resorting to heating or cooling. According to the Long Term Strategy for the Renewal of Buildings (ELPRE), this results from the combination of several factors, namely, low energy use for air conditioning compared to energy needs and aged building stock with poor energy performance. In fact, around 70% of the dwellings currently certified have low energy efficiency (C or less). The purpose of this review article was to analyse and discuss the factors affecting indoor thermal comfort, the inability to keep the home adequately warm in winter and cool in summer, and the risk of poverty or social exclusion in the European context, namely in Portugal. It fills the gap in the literature researching and analysing the motivations for these lower consumptions in Southern Europe, being Portugal a paradigmatic case. The current work integrates the indoor thermal comfort evolution and the current situation in Portugal in the EU context through different thermal comfort indicators and linking with the other statistics data, which may impact the indoor thermal comfort.
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Silva, Pedro G. "Social workers in the Revolution: Social work’s political agency and intervention in the Portuguese democratic transition (1974–1976)." International Social Work 61, no. 3 (July 9, 2016): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816651706.
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A period of profound social and political changes, the democratic transition that followed the 1974 military coup in Portugal had an enormous impact on social work. The Revolution set the ideal conditions for social workers to perform alternative forms of intervention, moving away from the assistance-focused practices characteristic of the former authoritarian rule. Incited by the new progressive political agenda, social workers stood at the forefront of the Revolution, working alongside grass-roots mobilisations and experimental participative projects, overtly assuming political stands. This article analyses the agency of social workers in the various political and social fronts during the democratic transition.
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Burton, Christopher G., and Vitor Silva. "Assessing Integrated Earthquake Risk in OpenQuake with an Application to Mainland Portugal." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (August 2016): 1383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120814eqs209m.
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At the forefront of the risk assessment sciences is the development of standards, data, and tools for the assessment of earthquake risk. Countries such as Portugal have been targets of extensive earthquake risk assessments to communicate damage potential and to improve methodologies. Few studies, however, have gone beyond the estimation of direct physical impacts by integrating estimates of physical risk (i.e., human or economic losses) with quantified metrics of socioeconomic characteristics of populations. The purpose of this paper is to describe an end-to-end assessment of earthquake risk for mainland Portugal that accounts for physical and social attributes using the Global Earthquake Model's (GEM) suite of risk assessment tools. The results indicate that the potential adverse effects from earthquakes in Portugal are related to interacting conditions, some conditional on geography, some due to the characteristics of the building stock, and some having to do with the social characteristics of populations.
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Sechko, A. V. "Psychological conditions for the prevention of recidivism." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 1 (2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090109.
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The article analyzes the results of a study of recidivism conducted in England, Denmark, Canada, Nigeria, Portugal, New Zealand, the USA, and Scotland. Objective and subjective determinants have been identified that make it possible to predict with a high degree of probability the subsequent criminal prosecution violation, its time parameters. The psychological portrait of the recidivist is described, stress factors of delinquent behavior are revealed. The driving forces of decriminalization of former criminals are revealed. This is an intensive probationary period under the auspices of mentors who are able to build trusting relationships with parole through consistent, non-judgmental actions with the simultaneous possibility of playing the role of guardians of young people in difficult social and criminal settings in solving their economic problems.
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Pereira, S., A. M. Ramos, J. L. Zêzere, R. M. Trigo, and J. M. Vaquero. "Spatial impact and triggering conditions of the exceptional hydro-geomorphological event of December 1909 in Iberia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 9 (September 29, 2015): 5805–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-5805-2015.
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Abstract. According to the DISASTER database the 20–28 December 1909 was the hydro-geomorphologic event with the highest number of flood and landslide cases occurred in Portugal in the period 1865–2010 (Zêzere et al., 2014). This event also caused important social impacts over the Spanish territory, especially in the Douro basin, having triggered the highest floods in more than 100 years at the river's mouth in the city of Oporto. This work aims to characterize the spatial distribution and social impacts of the December 1909 hydro-geomorphologic event over Iberia. In addition, the meteorological conditions that triggered the event are analysed using the 20 Century Reanalysis dataset from NOAA and precipitation data from Iberian meteorological stations. The Iberian Peninsula was spatially affected during this event along the SW-NE direction spanning from Lisbon, Santarém, Oporto and Guarda (in Portugal), until Salamanca, Valladolid, Zamora, Orense, León and Palencia (in Spain). In Iberia, 134 DISASTER cases were recorded (130 flood cases; 4 landslides cases) having caused a total of 89 casualties (57 in floods and 32 in landslides) and a total of 3876 people were affected, including fatalities, injured, missing, evacuated and homeless people. This event was associated with some outstanding precipitation values at Guarda station (Portugal) in 22 December 1909 and unusual meteorological conditions characterized by the presence of a deep low pressure system located over NW Iberian Peninsula with a stationary frontal system striking the Western Iberian Peninsula. The presence of an upper-level jet (250 hPa) and low-level jet (900 hPa) located on SW-NE oriented towards the Iberia along with upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence favoured large-scale precipitation. Finally, associated with these features it is possible to state that this extreme event was clearly associated to the presence of an elongated Atmospheric River, crossing the entire northern Atlantic basin and providing a continuous supply of moisture that contributed to enhance precipitation. This work contributes to a comprehensive and systematic synoptic evaluation of the second most deadly hydro-geomorphologic Disaster event occurred in Portugal since 1865 and will help to better understand the meteorological system that was responsible for triggering the event.
10
Mota, Nelson. "From House to Home:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 78, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2019.78.2.208.
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In From House to Home: Social Control and Emancipation in Portuguese Public Housing, 1926–76, Nelson Mota considers public housing policies in Portugal under the dictatorship that ruled there from 1926 to 1974 and during the two years that followed the democratic revolution of April 1974. He reviews key legislative initiatives and projects to show how the dictatorship's policies effectively commodified housing, exerted government control over the working class, and largely excluded the urban poor from the housing market. By contrast, programs developed under the postrevolutionary Serviço de Apoio Ambulatório Local, or SAAL, promoted self-help initiatives that aimed to improve housing conditions for Portugal's poorest citizens, thus securing their economic and social independence and their right to occupy urban space. During the “SAAL spring,” Mota concludes, building homes became more important than selling houses.
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Carvalho, Jaciara De Sá. "Conditions for a distance citizen education: an emancipatory proposition." Educação 40, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1981-2582.2017.1.22143.
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This paper synthesizes six conditions for an emancipatory distance education, results from a Ph.D. research. The focus is the “formation for citizenship”, only possible “by the citizenship”, as consciousness process by the individuals, according to the critical perspective adopted. In addition to literature review, interviews were conducted with experts of distance modality from Brazil, Portugal and Venezuela. The work considers that a citizenship education is able to contribute to the emancipation by the individuals in any modality. And discusses data and situationsregarding distance education proposing the following conditions: education by citizenship; collective work; mediated (dialectical mediation) dialogue by the world; participative and flexible design instructional; coherent study materials;and articulation with network social movements.
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Gil, Ana Paula. "Quality procedures and complaints: nursing homes in Portugal." Journal of Adult Protection 21, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-09-2018-0018.
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Purpose In most European countries there is a range of quality control system mechanisms, however, poor quality and institutional violence can be found in the residential sector. Taking Portugal as an example of a country that uses an inspection-only approach, this paper focuses on the monitoring system for controlling the quality of care in nursing homes. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how mistreatment of older people is identified and dealt with by the national social security services. In particular it looks at what the indicators are with which to assess poor quality care and mistreatment (how it is perceived and defined), which factors affect mistreatment of older people and intervention outputs (i.e. what are the sanctions to prevent and combat this). Design/methodology/approach An exploratory approach was based on a mixed method, using a database of 3,685 complaints reported to the social security inspection services. To understand the context of the complaints and the assessment of institutional violence, focus groups were carried out with inspectors from the National Inspection Service. Findings The focus groups identified severe situations of poor care, mistreatment of older people and loss of human rights and dignity. Some indicators were found in key areas of care and the factors associated with this were based on Kamavarapu’s typology (2017): physical conditions of facilities; closed organisational models; difficult working conditions; and perceived concerns of residents. Monitoring and inspection systems are still based on minimum standards focusing on structural and process quality, devoting little attention to the human rights situation of older persons and clinical issues. Research limitations/implications The number of participants in the focus groups was limited in size but the uniqueness of this exploratory method draws a dark picture of non-licensed nursing homes in Portugal. Originality/value An exploratory analysis was useful to identify institutional violence and discuss potential implications, in terms of effectiveness of quality care control, which calls for special attention by policy makers and researchers when monitoring the human rights of older persons.
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Montserrat, Carme, Paulo Delgado, Marta Garcia-Molsosa, João M. S. Carvalho, and Joan Llosada-Gistau. "Young Teenagers’ Views Regarding Residential Care in Portugal and Spain: A Qualitative Study." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020066.
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Research on residential care has been well established in the literature. Nonetheless, research drawing from the actual experiences of adolescents is relatively scarce. A qualitative study was designed highlighting the voices of children, analysing their fostering experience, interpersonal relationships, their participation in daily decisions, and future aspirations. The sample included 33 early adolescents in residential care aged 12–14 in Portugal (n = 17) and Spain (n = 16). Results showed that there was agreement in terms of the importance given to education, their satisfaction with the material conditions of residential centre, and their dissatisfaction concerning matters of individuality, autonomy, participation, and socialization.
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Mendes, Maria Manuela, Olga Magano, and Pedro Candeias. "Social and Spatial Continuities and Differentiations among Portuguese Ciganos: Regional Profiles." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/subbs-2016-0001.
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Abstract The coexistence of people and societies marked by ethnic, social, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity is a subject that still generates controversies in contemporary societies. The “Ciganos’ situation” is an unavoidable issue that crosses the boundaries of different European countries, which leads to controversy and ambivalence in the so-called multicultural and/or intercultural societies characterised by the principle of universalism. In Portugal, despite the social and economic transformations that have occurred, the problems of exclusion and poverty among Ciganos persist. They are still considered the poorest ethnic group, with the worst housing conditions, lest schooling and the main target of racism and discrimination. The Portuguese Ciganos are not a homogeneous community. The diversity and plurality are not always easy to grasp by the glare generated by the adoption of interpretive perspectives that are reductively linear and deterministic of the Portuguese Ciganos. For the purpose of outlining a national picture of Portuguese Ciganos, a national study was developed that combines both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches. The central goal of this article is to present the main results obtained through a questionnaire survey carried out to Ciganos persons and to discuss the social and spatial continuities and differentiations among Ciganos in Portugal.
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Halvorsen, Knut. "Economic, Financial, and Political Crisis and Well-Being in the PIGS-Countries." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401667519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016675198.
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The research question in this article is threefold: To which degree is the financial crisis of 2008 and the subsequent recession associated with reduced well-being among people in the four hardest affected EURO countries? Are individual factors associated with reduced well-being the same in these countries? and Are lower socioeconomic groups more severely hit than the better off?. Data before the crisis are compared with data in 2013/2014 (EU-SILC [European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions] survey 2013) for Greece, Portugal, Ireland, and Spain. Finland is used as a reference category. Before control of individual characteristics, regressions demonstrate a small and mostly significant fall in average satisfaction with life in these countries, Portugal being an exception. According to the theory of capability and actual economic and political development, it was hypothesized that Greece—being the worst case in terms of economic development—may experience the greatest fall in life satisfaction. This hypothesis is not supported by the data. In fact, the strongest decline was found in Ireland. In particular, lack of political trust stands in Greece out as having an impact, while poor health is related to Ireland and unemployment to Portugal and Spain. Greatest socioeconomic inequality in life satisfaction was found in Portugal.
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Paulos, Liliana, and António Fragoso. "Reclaiming the community potential to improve the lives of older citizens." Research on Ageing and Social Policy 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rasp.2017.2450.
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This article reports the results of a case study in southern Portugal, in a community where ageing related processes seem to be speeding in the last decades. In this case study we used non-structured interviews to an extensive set of social actors, but also biographical interviews. Our main aim was to understand the contradictions and challenges posed by the ageing processes, and the way those processes affect the daily lives of people of the community, looking closely to the older adults’ situation. In Portugal, the mainstream social policy is creating the conditions for an increasing institutionalisation of older citizens. Not denying the fact that in later life such social support is fundamental, we point out the disadvantages that such institutionalisation brings to older adults. We also try show the importance of community, especially for the elderly. We argue that today it is crucial to regain the community potential to improve the quality of life of older adults.
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Farinha, Joana, Lúcio Cunha, and Luca Antonio Dimuccio. "Exploratory Spatial Analysis of Social Vulnerability and Forest Fire Risk in the Pinhal Interior Sul (Central Portugal)." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053010.
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Mainland Portugal is a Mediterranean country, particularly known for the recurrence of forest fires in terms of burnt areas, losses, and damage. The central Portugal administrative area has been in a “stage” of prominence for this dangerous phenomenon, with the sub-region Pinhal Interior Sul being one of the most critical territories. In addition to the manifestation of the dangerous process itself, it is important to state the importance of vulnerability, which has been relatively ignored in the definition of public policies in terms of spatial planning. Vulnerability concerns the way people and their assets are exposed to forest fires (as they represent the main targets of their harmful consequences), as well as how they are affected by, resist, and recover from them. This paper investigates only one of the components of vulnerability—social vulnerability—in terms of demographic, cultural, socio-economic, and infrastructural conditions to establish a comparative analysis among the parishes of the sub-region Pinhal Interior Sul (in particular, between the more urban and rural ones in each municipality). In the studied area, the high values of social vulnerability reinforce the high hazard level. At the municipality level, it is possible to conclude that the population living in more markedly rural and peripheral parishes is more vulnerable to forest fires than those living in the more urban conditions.
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Cunha, Maria, João Marques, José Azevedo, and Ana Castilho. "Understanding the Impact of a Major Hydro-Agricultural Project in Low Mondego Area (Portugal)." Land 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020114.
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The Low Mondego (Baixo Mondego, in Portuguese) river basin has been considerably modified by human interventions to prevent floods and to improve agricultural conditions over recent decades. This work analyzes the main impacts arising from those interventions and the socio-economic context in which they occurred. The development and application of a framework to compute the variation of the nitrogen surplus between 1986 and 2018 in the Low Mondego watershed in the central part Portugal is presented. The nitrogen mass balances take into consideration different land use types, inputs and outputs, thereby making it possible to understand how human interventions have impacted the variation of the surplus. It is noticeable that the major nitrogen sources are related to the agricultural sector. However, factors such as the implementation of the Code of Good Agricultural Practices, as well as social conditions, and regulations to reduce nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere helped to cut the nitrogen surplus. This work shows how improving the agricultural conditions has served to increase the crop productivity in improved areas. Very particular social circumstances led to the reduction in anthropogenic nitrogen sources, which has been accompanied by a decline in the nitrogen that is exported at the river outlet.
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Azevedo, Leonardo Francisco de, Thais França, and David Cairns. "“You’re Better Being Poor Here”: Migration Decision-Making and Political and Lifestyle Considerations Among Qualified Brazilians in Portugal." Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones, no. 56 (December 12, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/mig.2022.020.
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This article looks at the migration of qualified Brazilians to Portugal, with reference to the impact of political developments in Brazil on migration decision-making processes and their lifestyle aspirations in the host society. Original fieldwork consists of twenty in-depth interviews conducted with qualified Brazilians in the Lisbon area during 2019. These interviews illustrate how political and economic instability in Brazil contributed to establishing a strong migration imperative. In this scenario, Portugal is chosen as a destination due to its perceived social stability and emergence as a fashionable destination for skilled workers, with the promise of a “cosmopolitan” life. In conclusion, we emphasise the need to consider how political conditions in a sending society and lifestyle considerations interact in the migration decision-making of skilled migrants. This approach confronts assumptions that serve to disguise the precariousness of many Brazilian migrants in Portugal due to their relatively high skill levels and raising long-term concerns regarding the sustainability of lifestyle-oriented migration.
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Ribeiro, Fernanda, and Olívia Pestana. "Education for information in Portugal: Evolution, institutional context and some reflections." Education for Information 36, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/efi-190297.
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This article starts by a brief overview of the evolution of education in Information Science in Portugal. After, there is a description of the paradigm shift and the significant changes caused by the impact of social, economic, cultural and technological conditions of the information era as well as the emergence of Information Science as an academic field and a new education model in accordance to it. The current situation of IS in the academic context is analysed and some final reflections are exposed in a prospective view towards the next future.
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Bastos, Amélia, and Carla Machado. "Children and the dynamics of poverty and social exclusion: empirical evidence for Portugal." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2016-0035.
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Purpose While the literature commonly analyses child poverty and social exclusion data covering a single year, less is known about children who fall in and out of poverty over a longer period. The present research intends to address this gap by investigating the dynamics of child poverty and social exclusion in Portugal. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate child poverty and social exclusion trajectories; and second to examine their association with specific socio-demographic and economic factors. Design/methodology/approach Applying the definition of “at risk of poverty or social exclusion” given by Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT), the analysis extends beyond the concept of income poverty. The authors apply Portuguese data sourced from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions for the period 2008–2011 to suggest a longitudinal poverty and social exclusion typology to analyse child poverty and social exclusion dynamics. Findings The findings report that children constitute the age group experiencing the worst poverty and social exclusion trajectories. Furthermore, the presence of children in the household seems to be an increasing factor of poverty and social exclusion. This information is relevant to improving the design of children and family-focussed social policies as well as contributing to the setting of targets in order to achieve EU 2020 goals including the alleviation of poverty in general and of child poverty in particular. Originality/value The main contribution to child poverty studies derives from our analysis of the dynamics driving child poverty and social exclusion. The authors apply a methodological framework that is applicable to other EU member states and can thus enable an international comparison of poverty and social exclusion trajectories.
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Oliveira, Vidal, Ferraz, Cabeda, Pontes, Maia, Calheiros, and Barreira. "Measuring Health Vulnerability: An Interdisciplinary Indicator Applied to Mainland Portugal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214121.
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Health promotion and inequality reduction are specific goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, which are interconnected with several dimensions of life. This work proposes a composite index SEHVI—socioeconomic health vulnerability index—to address Portuguese population socioeconomic determinants that affect health outcomes. Variables composing SEHVI are aligned with the sustainable development goals considering data and times series availability to enable progress monitoring, and variables adequacy to translate populations’ life conditions affecting health outcomes. Data for 35 variables and three periods were collected from official national databases. All variables are part of one of the groups: Health determinants (social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors) and health outcomes (mortality indicators). Variables were standardized and normalized by “Distance to a reference” method and then aggregated into the SEHVI formula. Several statistical procedures for validation of SEHVI revealed the internal consistency of the index. For all municipalities, SEHVI was calculated and cartographically represented. Results were analyzed by statistical tests and compared for three years and territory typologies. SEHVI differences were found as a function of population density, suggesting inequalities of communities’ life conditions and in vulnerability to health.
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Vázquez-Rodríguez, Alexandre Luis. "International adaptation of the hydrologic rational method: floods study in the North Portugal region." Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe. Revista de Xeoloxía Galega e do Hercínico Peninsular 41 (December 2, 2019): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/cadlaxe.2019.41.0.5810.
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Floods have a big capacity of create great social and economic losses in a short time interval. Spain and other countries have this problem in their territories. These can have different origins, being the rivers overflowing the more common cause. There are different approaches of these phenomena studies, and the modified Témez rational method is the referenced one in Spain, which with the GIS and hydrological simulation programs can create the flooding areas cartography, key information in the floods hazard management. But, is this method only valid for Spain, or is it applicable to other countries? The answer is that its adaptation to other countries is possible, always that the relevant modifications are made.In the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal is a country that has the flooding problem too. Because this country has a similar geological and geographical conditions to the western Spain, and the floods effects are similar in the Portuguese territories, the adaptation to this country it´s relatively simple.The aim of this work is the study of floods dynamics in Portugal, adapting the modified Témez rational method. This method will be applied in the Âncora river, in North Portugal region fluvial system because the geological and geographical conditions are similar to the west of Spain ones.
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Forte, Teresa, Gonçalo Santinha, and Sérgio A. Carvalho. "The COVID-19 Pandemic Strain: Teleworking and Health Behavior Changes in the Portuguese Context." Healthcare 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091151.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a societal essay, based on thorough measures of individual and communitarian protection, ranging from compulsory social distancing to quarantine. Following WHO recommendations, more or less strict policies were adopted by governments worldwide in order to mitigate public health risks. In Portugal, the first state of emergency was declared on 18 March 2020 and renewed until 2 May 2020. During this time, most citizens stayed in quarantine with practical implications regarding their work and daily activities. This exploratory study, conducted within the pandemic crisis context in Portugal, intends to grasp specificities of the adaptation to the lock down and social isolation/distancing measures, concerning, specifically, teleworking conditions and physical activity practice. Data was collected from March to May 2020 through an online survey from 1148 participants of different age groups and literacy. Considering that COVID-19 features a mutual feedback loop of disease and social dynamics—governmental measures, civic adjustments, and individual coping—to know more about what was featured, the first wave may provide some cues to ensure a more efficient co-operation among social actors and, ultimately, tailor better public policies towards teleworking, online distance learning, and the promotion of healthy behaviours.
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Nico, Magda. "Individualized Housing Careers in Early Adulthood: Conditions and Constraints in a Familistic Society." Sociological Research Online 15, no. 1 (February 2010): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2079.
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This article discusses the unsteady and uncertain conditions in which a potentially individualized life course co-exists with and survives in a so-called institutionalized, standardized, familistic and sub-protective society. For the purpose, non-family living in early adulthood in a southern European country (Portugal) is taken as the example. On one hand, data from the 2006 European Social Survey (23 countries, N=43000) is used to contextualize the Portuguese transition to adulthood and the preconceptions about the so-called familistic societies in general. On the other hand, data on events and values from a small sample of young adults living alone in Portugal (aged 24-30, N=120, approximately 1% of the universe considered), along with official statistics on a housing programme for these young adults (Rental Incentive for Young People), allows us to analytically deconstruct preconceptions about the relation between intergenerational support and welfare policies in familistic societies. This data demonstrates most of all how a mismatch between the still-prevailing institutionalization of life courses in some societies and the reflexivity characterizing contemporary biographies produces critical points in young people's lives. It also demonstrates the adaptability of family cultures to these ‘choice biographies’ in comparison to the lack of adaptability of some youth policies, in particular those involving housing. These processes of mismatching and misunderstanding reflect and promote the inadequacy and inefficiency of communication between youth research and policy-making.
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Kisieliūtė, Gabija, Oscar Ribeiro, and Constança Paúl. "Late-Life Depression: Portuguese Research Trends over the last Decade (2007-2017)." Psychologist: Practice & Research Journal 1, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33525/pprj.v1i1.51.
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Background: Depression is the second major mental health concern in older people and it is generally accepted that it highly contributes to diminished wellbeing and worse general health. Population aging has raised the need to enlarge depression research in older adults so that it may be properly prevented, diagnosed and treated. In Portugal, the extent of research conducted on geriatric depression is unknown. Goals: This study aims to explore the scope of depression research with elderly population in Portugal, and to provide insights on the prevailing research topics that have been considered, highlighting possible trends and research gaps.Methods: A scope review was conducted. Research papers having “older people” (or similar words) AND “Portugal” AND “Depression” in their title, abstract or keywords were screened across main international scientific databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO and PUBMED) for a ten-year period [2007-2017]. Results: A total of 50 papers were selected and analysed. Six main categories were distinguished: depression, health status and social conditions; late life depression and its characteristics; assessment of late life depression; intervention outputs; attitudes towards depression and help seeking behaviors; and sociodemographic characteristics of people with depression. Discussion: The considerable expressiveness of geriatric depression in our country and the lack of attention it is given as a primary research topic (rather than as an associated variable to other conditions) suggest the need for a greater investment by Portuguese researchers in order to improve accurate diagnosis and adequate psychological interventions.Keywords: Depression; Systematic review; Geriatric; Older adults; Portugal.
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Gama, Helena, Luís Oliveira, Maria de Lurdes Pereira, Ana Azevedo, and Nuno Lunet. "Use of medicines by homeless people in Porto, Portugal." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, no. 1 (January 2014): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00006113.
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The objective of this study was to describe patterns of medication use among homeless adults from the city of Porto, Portugal. We recruited 146 homeless participants in four social services institutions. Data on the use of medicines in the previous week were collected using face-to-face interviews. We described the prevalence and main correlates of use of medicines from different Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification (ATC) groups. A total of 56.8% of the homeless reported to have used at least one medicine in the previous week. The most frequently reported were benzodiazepines (21.9%) and antipsychotics (15.1%); socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables and use of health care were not found to be significantly associated with their use. The prevalence was 1.4% for anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products, and 6.2% for antihypertensives, diuretics and beta-blocking agents. Medicines pertaining to the nervous system ATC group were by far the most frequently used, while those for the treatment of other common chronic and acute conditions seem to be underused.
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Halikiopoulou, Daphne, and Sofia Vasilopoulou. "Breaching the Social Contract: Crises of Democratic Representation and Patterns of Extreme Right Party Support." Government and Opposition 53, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2015.43.
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Why has the extreme right Greek Golden Dawn, a party with clear links to fascism, experienced a rise defying all theories that claim that such a party is unlikely to win in post-Second World War Europe? And, if we accept that economic crisis is an explanation for this, why has such a phenomenon not occurred in other countries that have similar conducive conditions, such as Portugal and Spain? This article addresses this puzzle by: (1) carrying out a controlled comparison of Greece, Portugal and Spain; and (2) showing that the rise of the extreme right is not a question of intensity of economic crisis. Rather it is the nature of the crisis – that is, economic versus overall crisis of democratic representation – that facilitates the rise of the extreme right. We argue that extreme right parties are more likely to experience an increase in their support when economic crisis culminates into an overall crisis of democratic representation. Economic crisis is likely to become a political crisis when severe issues of governability impact upon the ability of the state to fulfil its social contract obligations. This breach of the social contract is accompanied by declining levels of trust in state institutions, resulting in party system collapse.
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Souza-Jr., Ary José A. "Well-being and climate change: Evidence for Portugal." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 23 (July 31, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n23p15.
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This paper analyses the impact of air pollution, climate conditions, and extreme weather events on subjective well-being in Portugal, based on a regional analysis, through the estimation of an ordered probit model. The estimation applies data at the individual level from the 8th and 9th waves of the European Social Survey, along with an air quality indicator, environmental variables, national forest inventory, and a study about the possible future effects of the sea-level rise on vulnerable areas and people living therein. Even after controlling for socio-economic variables and personal traits, the results suggest the existence of differences between regional welfare levels. Air pollution has a negative impact on life satisfaction due to its bad impacts on health (aggravating the condition of individuals with heart and lung diseases). The paper’s key finding is to show that at the regional level, both past (forest fires) and «possible» future (floods due to sea-level rise) extreme weather events may impact the current welfare level. Also, assessments of implicit willingness do to pay demonstrate that climate change effects have a relevant impact on their quality of life nowadays.
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Jung, Moon-Kie. "No Whites, No Asians: Race, Marxism, and Hawai‘i’s Preemergent Working Class." Social Science History 23, no. 3 (1999): 357–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200018125.
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By the close of the nineteenth century, Hawai‘i had become a newly annexed territory of the United States and was tightly controlled by a cohesive oligarchy ofhaolesugar capitalists. The “enormous concentration of wealth and power” held by the Big Five sugar factors of Honolulu up until statehood was unparalleled elsewhere in the United States (Cooper and Daws 1985: 3–4). In contrast, native Hawai‘ians and immigrants recruited from China, Portugal, Japan, and the Philippines—in successive and overlapping waves—endured the low wages and poor working and living conditions characteristic of other agricultural export regions.
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Everuss, Louis, Manuela Carvalho, José Luís Casanova, Daniel Chaffee, and Constance Lever-Tracy. "Assessing the public willingness to contribute income to mitigate the effects of climate change: A comparison of Adelaide and Lisbon." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (January 3, 2017): 334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783316684661.
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While the scientific rationale for climate change mitigation has never been stronger, the Australian public is still hesitant about personally contributing to its costs. This public reticence is often explained as resulting from cost–benefit calculations and a human propensity to prioritize present over future goods. In this article we argue that these assumptions have limited bearing on people’s willingness to contribute. Our research supports this by demonstrating that the people of Lisbon, Portugal, are more willing to contribute than those of Adelaide, despite Portugal’s poorer economic conditions. Furthermore, willingness to contribute in both Lisbon and Adelaide does not diminish when the effects of climate change are deemed to be further away. Drawing on these results, we seek to begin the discussion of how social and cultural factors shape public attitudes towards climate change, and thus further build upon the research looking sociologically at people’s willingness to act.
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Pinto, Hugo, Sílvia Ferreira, and Jorge André Guerreiro. "The emergence of a Social Innovation Ecosystem in Portugal: An exploratory approach based on the perspective of strategic stakeholders." European Public & Social Innovation Review 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31637/epsir.21-2.2.
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The concept of ecosystem has been used to describe a dynamic set of relationships, services and interdependencies that potentiate the creation, renewal and growth of organizations. Social innovation is largely influenced by ecosystem conditions. The Portuguese social innovation ecosystem is a particularly interesting case study, as it assumes a hybrid structure that expresses a variety of policy schemes, networks and support structures. This article debates the concept of social innovation ecosystem and presents an exploratory approach to its mapping. Based on interviews with strategic stakeholders in the social and solidarity economy and social enterprises, the study elaborates on the specificities of the social innovation ecosystem. The Portuguese ecosystem is comprised of three sub-ecosystems that show different weights, limited connections and overlapping: social economy, social business, and the social solidarity ecosystem. The article concludes with an overview of the current state of social innovation, emphasizing the perspectives of stakeholders on recent experiences that the Portuguese state has developed in establishing dialogue within organizations integrating social innovation dynamics.
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Araújo, Luís. "Portuguese tourism strategy (ET27) – now more than ever." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 12, no. 6 (December 2, 2020): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2020-0078.
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Purpose This study aims to analyse the importance of public and private policies to inclusive, sustainable, cohesive and accessible tourism in Portugal and also to assert tourism activity as a central point for economic, social and environmental development across the country. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a viewpoint reflection on the design and implementation of the Tourism Strategy 2027. Findings The importance of joint work to affirm tourism as a hub for economic, social development and environmental impact throughout the territory, positioning Portugal as one of most competitive, inclusive and sustainable destinations worldwide. Practical implications Now more than ever, strategic tourism goals are key points in support of innovative, accessible and inclusive tourism, to stimulate data-based decision-making, improve the tourist experience and increase the focus on sustainability. Originality/value In this paper, the objectives of the Portuguese tourism strategy 2027 are outlined and a series of unprecedented initiatives are profiled, which aim to provide the destination with highly competitive conditions, to differentiate it from other tourist destinations while increasing its notoriety and competitiveness.
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Neves, Júlia. "Becoming a Migrant Mother: An Intersectional Approach to the Narratives of Cape Verdean Women in Portugal." Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020055.
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Becoming a mother in the context of migration configures itself as a dynamic process of identity constitution that raises questions about citizenship, belonging, and migration policies. Furthermore, it is a process that involves a new set of maternal positions and practices that are composed through possibly conflicting cultural values. Based on the occurrence of unplanned pregnancies, this study sought to analyze the dimensions crossed by this event through an intersectional perspective of the narratives of Cape Verdean immigrant women who had children in Portugal, focusing on gender, migration, race/ethnicity. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine women, born in Cape Verde and residing in Greater Lisbon, through the Biographic-Narrative Interpretative Method (BNIM), which enabled an approach to the different dimensions that intersect in life stories of becoming an immigrant mother. Thematic analysis was chosen as an analytical tool, and the framework provided by intersectionality allows us to see the multiple identities that shape the processes of becoming a migrant mother. The results brought to light themes and issues that overlap and make motherhood more complex in the context of migration, highlighting and reinforcing the conditions of inequality.
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Seabra, Bianca, Pedro F. Pereira, Helena Corvacho, Carla Pires, and Nuno M. M. Ramos. "Low Energy Renovation of Social Housing: Recommendations on Monitoring and Renewable Energies Use." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052718.
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Social housing represents a part of the whole building stock with a high risk of energy poverty, and it should be treated as a priority in renovation strategies, due to its potential for improvement and the need to fight that risk. Renovation actions are currently designed based on patterns that have been shown to be disparate from the reality of social housing. Thereby, a monitoring study is essential for the evaluation of the actual conditions. An in-depth characterization of a social housing neighborhood, located in the North of Portugal, was carried out. Indoor hygrothermal conditions were analyzed through a monitoring campaign. It was possible to identify the differences in indoor conditions of the dwellings and understand the influence of occupancy density and occupants’ behavior. In order to identify the actual occupancy and the type of use, a social survey was performed. A renovation action will soon take place, and a monitoring and survey plan is proposed for the post-renovation period, based on a previous evaluation of the renovation impact, using DesignBuilder software and the real occupancy profiles. In social housing context, since energy consumption for heating and cooling is punctual or non-existent, the focus of low energy renovation should be based on passive strategies that reduce the energy demand. The remaining energy needs should be supplied by renewable energy sources, reducing energy poverty, and enhancing quality of life.
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Casais, Beatriz, and Sara Santos. "Corporate Propensity for Long-Term Donations to Non-Profit Organisations: An Exploratory Study in Portugal." Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8010002.
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The motivations for individual and corporate donations to non-profit organisations (NPOs) have been vastly researched. However, companies tend to diversify their donations towards different institutions, hindering the development of substantial and continuous social interventions by charities. Considering the importance of regular support to guarantee NPOs’ sustainability, this study analyses the corporate motivations and the conditions that might favour their propensity for long-term donations. Researchers have conducted twenty semistructured interviews in companies with social responsibility policies and concluded that motivations to donate goes beyond visibility or recognition the donation might bring to the business. Interviewees highlighted the sense of altruism and the perceived importance of their donation for the well-being of people the institutions are supporting. However, managers admitted they diversify their partnerships rather than donate regularly to the same institution and consider that a relationship and proactive marketing approach by NPOs would be a key point to activate long-term donations.
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Larsson, Lars. "Late Atlantic Settlement in Southern Portugal - Results of an excavation of a Mesolithic shell midden by the River Sado." Current Swedish Archaeology 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1996.08.
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The study of large settlement sites with graves from the Late Mesolithic has changed our conception of this period. In western Europe this kind of antiquity has long been known, and it is well represented in the coastal area of western Iberia. One settlement site —Popas de Sao Bento, near the River Sado in southern Portugal — has recently been excavated as part of a joint Swedish-Portuguese project. The results of the excavation give interesting perspectives on specific and general conditions in a broader geographical, chronological, and social context.
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Cardoso, G., C. Coelho, and J. Caldas de Almeida. "The DEMoBinc Study in Portugal: Development and First Results." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70404-3.
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The DEMoBinc study's main objective is to develop an instrument for assessing the living conditions, the quality of care, and the human rights of long-term mentally ill patients in psychiatric and social residential care. It started on March 2007, with 11 centres and 10 countries participating.The Portuguese centre has carried out a national literature review of mental health legislation, standards of care related with residential care for mental patients, and mandatory procedures for physical restraint and seclusion.A three-round Delphi exercise with four groups of experts - advocates, mental health professionals, service users, and carers - was also developed. In the first round the participants were asked to state the ten more important components of care helping recovery in institutional care for the long-term mentally ill. The results were sent back to be rated for their importance on a 5-point scale. Finally, the participants were asked to confirm or change their own scores in comparison with the calculated group median. Between twelve and 18 participants by group were contacted, and the overall rate of participation was 73%.A pilot study using the first draft of the DEMoBinc instrument was done, and refinement of the instrument is being carried out in twenty institutions and will be completed during the next months.The results of the Portuguese centre on the national literature review, the Delphi exercise, and the first phase refinement of the DEMoBinc instrument will be presented and discussed.
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Foucher, Laure, Maria João Barroca, Yuliya Dulyanska, Paula M. R. Correia, and Raquel P. F. Guiné. "Development of Innovative Candied Chestnuts from Three Chestnut Cultivars Grown in Portugal." Foods 11, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070917.
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The main purpose of this work is the development of a value-added product (candied chestnuts) from Portuguese chestnut (Castanea sativa) cultivars (Martainha, Longal and Judia), as a way to minimize product loss and wastes. To accomplish this goal, the effects of rehydration, cooking, and syrup conditions on composition, textural properties, and colour parameters of candied chestnuts were investigated. The obtained results revealed that the optimal conditions to prepare candied chestnuts with a sweet taste, dark brown colour, with a crispy texture on the outside and smooth texture in the inner flesh were rehydration at 45 °C for a period of 5 h, cooking in a pressure pan for 15 min, and an immersion process with sucrose syrup for two days (syrup with 25% of sucrose on the first day and syrup of 50% of sucrose on the second day). During the process, the drying loss, hydration ratio, and cooking gain of the different cultivars were about 90%, 79%, and 130%, respectively. The total colour difference of candied chestnuts ranged from 24.18 (Longal) to 29.95 (Judia), the stickiness was moderately intense, and the adhesiveness was high for the three varieties. Longal candied chestnuts were the softest and Martainha candied chestnuts were the hardest, the most elastic, and cohesive. Moreover, the candied chestnuts presented a moisture content ranging from 52.70% and 54.23%, amounts of carbohydrates in the range of 88.58 to 91.87 g/100 g d.m, values of protein (6.55–9.51 g/100 g d.m.), values of ash (0.78–1.98 g/100 g d.m.), and fat (0.87–1.58 g/100 g d.m.). In conclusion, the chestnuts of Portuguese cultivars Martainha, Longal and Judia reveal a good potential to produce candied products with high added value.
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Pratas Cruzeiro, Cristina. "Art with Revolution! Political mobilization in artistic practices between 1974 and 1977 in Portugal." on the w terfront Public Art Urban Design Civic Participation Urban Regeneration 63, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/waterfront2021.63.10.01.
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This article analyzes the relationship between Portuguese artists and bodies of power and the popular masses after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 and until 1977.
The analysis of this period in Portugal will consider the dynamics surrounding socially engaged artistic practices integrated in the public space, within its historic and social framework.
The article argues that the Portuguese artistic context under consideration arose from the politicians and artists motivation to bring art and the popular masses closer to the ongoing revolutionary process. In this approach, I identify collaboration as the most frequent attitude used by artists in relation to the political system and population. This approach decreased since 1976, at which time there was an increase in conflict with the political power structures. Regarding the relationship with the population, from that moment on there was also a decrease in the use of collaborative tools and an intensification of transgressive and provocative tools in artisticpractices.
These changes will be articulated in the article based on the country’s objective political and social conditions, and their influence on attitudinal nuances identified in the socially engaged artistic practices under analysis.
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Neto, Félix. "Socio-Demographic Predictors of Loneliness Across the Adult Life Span in Portugal." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2014): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.171.
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Loneliness, a complex phenomenon, is experienced differently by people under diverse conditions. The factors influencing loneliness are numerous and may vary between cultures. The purpose of this study was to show socio-demographic factors contributing to loneliness in Portugal. The sample consisted of 3,144 participants with a mean age of 46.90 (SD = 22.56) and a range between 15 and 92 years. Loneliness was evaluated with the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona, 1980). Age and marital status were significant predictors of loneliness. Loneliness increased with age, and divorced or windowed participants reported higher loneliness than single or married people. As expected, gender did not significantly contribute to loneliness. This work identified vulnerable people who are experiencing a perceived dissatisfaction with their social interactions that needs special attention. These vulnerable groups include the old, divorced and widowed. In particular, policy makers and other experts who work with old persons should promote interventions according to their needs.
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Khvan, M. S. "The Establishment and Development of Feminism in Portugal." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-150-163.
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This article focuses on prerequisites for the establishment of feminism in Portugal, history of main Portuguese feminist organizations and basic conditions for their functioning. This research is based on the comparative analysis of socio-political environment in Portugal and in several other states (mainly located in Western Europe) in different periods of their history. Basing on the aforementioned analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that feminism in Portugal has generally been moderate and has passed three phases in its development. These phases are in line with three waves that are basically seen as the key milestones in the history of the feminist movement around the world. The first wave lasted from the middle of the 19th century until the 1930s and was characterized by the struggle of Portuguese women for such common rights as the right to work and electoral rights. At this stage Portuguese feminism developed in line with the traditional trend. The second wave in Portugal lasted from the 1960s until the 1990s. During this period scientists working created numerous books and articles, criticising the patriarchy and the problems of women. The discussion of reproductive rights of women, problems in the family and sexual sphere was also typical for this period. The feminist theory of the third wave was developing since the 1990s and continues to develop up to the present moment. It is based on the gender approach: women assert their rights to abortion and affordable contraception, combat against oppression from men and gender-based discrimination. At the same time, the feminism of the third wave is becoming more diverse and can be characterized as intersectional. The feminist movement in Portugal triggered deep social transformations. Most of the achievements of the feminist movement today cannot be put into question. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go to achieve a change in mentality of Portuguese society, to reduce female unemployment and gender inequality at work, to combat domestic violence.
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Arcanjo, Manuela. "Retirement Pension Reforms in Six European Social Insurance Schemes between 2000 and 2017: More Financial Sustainability and More Gender Inequality?" Social Policy and Society 18, no. 4 (September 28, 2018): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746418000398.
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In 2000, the European Union established three principles that should guide Member State pension systems and their reforms: the financial sustainability of pension systems; adequacy of pensions; and the modernisation of systems. The latter included the achievement of greater gender equality and sought to respond to the significant gender gaps in public pension systems. This article demonstrates how the reforms carried out over the period 2000–2017 have focused on strengthening the financial sustainability of systems but may also have contributed to even greater gender inequality in old age protection. To this end, we examine the major legislative amendments concerning eligibility criteria and entitlement conditions in six countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain), as representative of the social insurance scheme.
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Gomes, Sandra da Fonte Sousa, Margarida Maria Magalhães Cabugueira Custódio dos Santos, and Elisabete Teresa da Mata Almeida Carolino. "Psycho-social risks at work: stress and coping strategies in oncology nurses." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 21, no. 6 (October 21, 2013): 1282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.2742.2365.
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OBJECTIVE: to identify sources of stress and coping strategies in nurses who work in three Head and Neck Surgery Oncology Services, in three central hospitals in Portugal. METHOD: a cross-sectional descriptive-exploratory study, whose sample was made up of the 96 nurses from the three services. The following were used in the data collection: a socio-demographic questionnaire; the 12-item General Health Questionnaire; and the Occupational Stress Inventory; Brief COPE. RESULTS: reasonable levels of general health were ascertained. The most-mentioned stressors were: burden with work; low pay; the physical space where they work; emotionally-disturbing situations and lack of recognition of the profession. The most-used coping strategies were: planning; active coping; acceptance and self-distraction. CONCLUSION: the stressors identified are mainly related to organizational aspects and work conditions, and the coping strategies chosen are aimed at resolving problems and improving the nurses' well-being. A significant percentage of the nurses presents high levels of pressure and depressed emotions. The results presented corroborate previous studies which warn of the importance of developing strategies for preventing these stress levels.
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Costa, Claudia, Angela Freitas, Ricardo Almendra, and Paula Santana. "The Association between Material Deprivation and Avoidable Mortality in Lisbon, Portugal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228517.
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There is considerable evidence pointing to the existence of a socioeconomic gradient in mortality, which tends to be steeper in urban areas. Similar to other European cities, Lisbon is far from homogeneous since considerable geographical inequalities exist between the more advantaged and the more deprived neighborhoods. The main goals of this study are to describe the geographical pattern of premature deaths (before 65 years old), avoidable deaths (preventable and amenable to healthcare) and cause-specific mortality (HIV/AIDS and suicide) in Lisbon, at the lower administrative level (civil parish, in Portuguese: Freguesia), and analyze the statistical association between mortality risk and deprivation, before (1999–2003) and during the economic crisis (2008–2012). Smoothed Standardized Mortality Ratios (sSMR) and Relative Risk (RR) with 95% credible intervals were calculated to identify the association between mortality and deprivation. The analysis of the geographical distribution of cause-specific mortality reveals that civil parishes with high sSMR in the first period continued to present higher mortality rates in the second. Moreover, a significant statistical association was found between all the causes of death and deprivation, except suicide. These findings contribute to understanding how social conditions influence health outcomes and can offer insights about potential policy directions for local government.
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Afonso, Clélia, Ana Patrícia Correia, Marta V. Freitas, Teresa Baptista, Marta Neves, and Teresa Mouga. "Seasonal Changes in the Nutritional Composition of Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) from the Center of Portugal." Foods 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051145.
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Seaweeds exhibit high nutritional value due to a balanced concentration of proteins, vitamins and minerals, a high concentration of low digestibility polysaccharides, and reduced levels of lipids, many of which are n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. The species Agarophyton vermiculophyllum is no exception and, as such, a comprehensive study of the chemical and nutritional profile of this red seaweed was carried out for 1 year. Seasonal variations in moisture, ash, protein and amino acids content, crude fibers, ascorbic acid, agar, lipids, and the corresponding fatty acid profile, were analyzed. We found low levels of fatty acids and a high protein content, but also noticed interesting seasonal change patterns in these compounds. The present study gives insights on the environmental conditions that can lead to changes in the nutritional composition of this species, aiming, therefore, to bring new conclusions about the manipulation of environmental conditions that allow for maximizing the nutritional value of this seaweed.
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Kennedy, Posma Sariguna Johnson. "Discussion with Sinodo Dili: The Social Role of the Church in Timor Leste." Journal of Sustainable Community Development (JSCD) 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/jscd.v4i1.68.
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The implementation of this community service aims to deepen issues regarding the role of the Church in Timor Leste in dealing with social problems in serving and protecting its people through discussions with Sinodo in Dili, Timor Leste. This topic needs to be explored because Timor Leste is a neighboring country of Indonesia. It is directly adjacent to the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, so it is necessary to know its character and socio-culture so that friendship between countries can be carried out properly, especially in managing state borders that prioritize welfare. The Church in Timor Leste should have a balanced appearance, that is, in worship/sacrament appearances and social appearances. Good cooperation is needed between the hierarchy (church leaders) and the laity (the people) to mobilize the Church's role in overcoming social conditions or situations among the people or society. The role of the Church has been relentless, starting from the Timor-Portugal period and through the Timor-Indonesian period to the present-day Independent Timor.
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Oliveira, Rui, Romeu Vicente, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida, and António Figueiredo. "The Importance of In Situ Characterisation for the Mitigation of Poor Indoor Environmental Conditions in Social Housing." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 9836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179836.
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The energy efficiency improvements in existing buildings have become priority concerns of the European Union to encourage energy efficiency amongst residents and buildings as well as facility managers. The characterisation of the building stock plays an important role in the definition of energy renovation strategies. In Portugal, there are over 120,000 social housing flats. This paper focused on the holistic characterisation of a social housing neighbourhood concerning the “in situ” assessment of the indoor environmental conditions and thermal comfort over one year as well as air permeability tests of the flats and evaluation of the energy consumption. The hygrothermal monitoring campaign was carried out using thermo-hygrometer sensors to record the indoor air temperature and relative humidity of a large number of flats over a 12-month period. The airtightness of these flats was determined resourcing fan pressurisation test (blower door test). A relationship between the users’ modifications in the flats and their consequence over the air permeability was pursued and the importance of balconies and exhaust fans for the flats’ air permeability was discussed. The hygrothermal monitoring campaign of the case study was carried out, in order to assess the indoor thermal comfort according the ASHRAE 55 standard. The results show a significant discomfort rate, suggesting that the users are living in unhealthy environmental conditions and the issues that most contribute to the poor indoor environmental conditions that characterise this building stock. In addition, the energy, gas, and water consumption of the flats were collected, and a statistical analysis was performed. Correlations between the variables were observed and two clusters were identified. Cluster 1 includes the lower energy consumption flats, but no real impact on the thermal comfort was found as the entire dataset presented low indoor air temperatures.
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Rosa, Vítor. "Análise sociológica de práticas de combate dual em Portugal: estudo de caso dos praticantes avançados do judo e do aikido." Journal of Sport Pedagogy & Research 6, no. 3 (2020): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47863/mwjl5268.
Full textAbstract:
In the sociological analysis of the cultures of aikido and judo coaches, we intend to demonstrate the social profile, defined by the socio-professional category and the socio-cultural status of individuals, determined as choices and the intensity of professional aikido and judo practice. To deepen the object of study, we define three hypotheses and create an analysis model for its operationalization. Several social techniques were used: direct observation, participant observation, semi-direct interview and survey research. The universe consisted of 60 coaches, at a national level, having been executed in order to complete 6 interviews with privileged interlocutors. The results reveal that there is a homogeneity between the social groups that practice the two combat sports, although they find differences in habits and values, according to sex, age and level of education. The analysis of the information mobilized points to a differentiation in the social level, in the visibility, in the career opportunities, in the profile and in the sports under study. The data point to a differentiation in the level of involvement, especially the type of practice/conception, the conditions of access, the family influence, the intensity of the practice and the associative participation according to the social profile and the sports under analysis.
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Pereira, Maria do Mar. "Boundary-work that Does Not Work: Social Inequalities and the Non-performativity of Scientific Boundary-work." Science, Technology, & Human Values 44, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 338–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243918795043.
Full textAbstract:
Although the STS literature on boundary-work recognizes that such work unfolds within a “terrain of uneven advantage” vis-à-vis gender, race, and other inequalities, reflection about that uneven advantage has been strikingly underdeveloped. This article calls for a retheorizing of boundary-work that engages more actively with feminist, critical race, and postcolonial scholarship and examines more systematically the relation between scientific boundary-work, broader structures of sociopolitical inequality, and boundary-workers’ (embodied) positionality. To demonstrate the need for this retheorization, I analyze ethnographic and interview data on scientific boundary-work in the natural and social sciences in Portugal, showing that scholars’ gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, and nationality affect the success of their boundary-work. I suggest, therefore, that in unequal societies where credibility is unevenly distributed, the conditions are not in place for some scholars’ boundary-work to work. I draw on Sara Ahmed (and J. L. Austin) to argue that we must conceptualize scientific boundary-work as always potentially performative, but not always successfully so, and explicitly interrogate the actual conditions of performativity. Recognizing the links between inequality, embodiment, and non-performativity in scientific boundary-work will enable STS to better understand, and hopefully transform, the relations between contingent struggles over scientificity and entrenched structures of power.