Journal articles: 'Portugal – History – 20th century'

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Moody, Ivan. "Mensagens: Portuguese Music in the 20th Century." Tempo, no. 198 (October 1996): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200005313.

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These lines of Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935), the great poet of Portuguese modernism, may seem at first sight to invoke the principal element of fado, Portugal's national music: the element represented by that famously untranslatable word suadade, implying longing, nostalgia, homesickness … However, they hide far deeper resonances. Mensagen (Message), the poetic sequence from which they come, is a profound exploration of Portugal's history, a modern counterpart to Camoens's great 16th-century epic The Lusiads. It is connected to the nationalist Integralismo Lusitano movement, and to Sebastianism. Other poets, particularly Mario Sa-Carneiro (1890–1916), and plastic artists, notably Amadeo de Sousa Cardoso (1887–1918) and Jose de Almada Negreiros (1893–1970), similarly reflect the strength of these patriotic and mystical ideas in Portugal during the country's deepening social crisis in the early part of the century. But Pessoa, who famously split himself into several persons, each with their own name, style and poetic output, may also stand as a symbol of the different currents Portuguese composers have ridden in search of their national identity.

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Marinho, Rui Tato. "‘The Last Coachman’, the Trio of Risk Factors: Alcohol, Tobacco and Traffic Accidents." Acta Médica Portuguesa 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.5591.

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Oliveira, Victor. "Quadros Médicos: Egas Moniz, por José Malhoa." Acta Médica Portuguesa 27, no. 5 (October 25, 2014): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.5765.

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Palazzo, Pedro P. "Vernacular Patterns in Portugal and Brazil: Evolution and Adaptations." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.524.

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Traditional towns in Portugal and Brazil have evolved a finely tuned coordination between, on the one hand, modular dimensions for street widths and lot sizes, and on the other, a typology of room shapes and layouts within houses. Despite being well documented in urban history, this coordination was in the last century often interpreted as contingent, a result of the limited material means of pre-industrial societies. But the continued application and gradual adaptation of these urban and architectural patterns through periods of industrialization and economic development suggests that they respond both to enduring housing requirements and to piecemeal urban growth. This article surveys the persistence of urban and architectural patterns up to the early 20th century, showing their resilience in addressing modern housing and urbanization requirements.

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Soares, Clara Moura, Rute Massano Rodrigues, and Carlos Filipe. "Heritage and history of the marble industry in Alentejo (Portugal)." Revista CPC 15, no. 29 (July 31, 2020): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1980-4466.v15i29p235-248.

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The Heritage and History of the Marble Industry project (PHIM), based on interdisciplinary principles and practices, highlights the importance of the Portuguese marbles of Alentejo Anticline in a context of patrimonial and cultural valuation of a region where the ornamental rock industry defines landscapes, shapes the economy, and defines ways of life. Knowledge coming from scientific research is being disseminated through various platforms and audiences, contributing to regional development and providing solid contents for industrial and cultural tourism of quality. After two phases of the project that allowed to achieve broad knowledge about the application of the Alentejo marbles in the artistic heritage, the 3rd phase serves to expand the chronology under study (from Roman times to the 20th century) and to allow for new interdisciplinary perspectives, with the cooperation of History of Law and Economic History.

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Silva de Moura, Carlos André, and Dirceu Salviano Marques Marroquim. "The making of a visionary culture: connected histories among Marian apparitions in Portuguese-Brazilian world (1917-1936)." Religiones y religiosidades en América Latina, no. 26 (December 31, 2020): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36551/2081-1160.2020.26.161-178.

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This paper will analyze the shaping of supposed Marian apparitions in Pesqueira, a Brazilian city located in Pernambuco, as part of a series of events related to the devotions to Our Lady representations in modern and contemporary periods. Based on the propositions of Cultural History, regional newspapers, ecclesiastical documents, and personal letters were used in order to understand the relation of these events to political, economic, and social issues of the first half of the 20th century. The analysis will suggest that the events in Pesqueira were connected to other religious representations, such as the apparitions in Lourdes (France) and Fatima (Portugal), reinforcing the image of the 20th century as the “golden century” of apparitions to members and followers of the Catholic Church. Therefore, this work highlights the central performance of ecclesiastics, scholars, and devotees in the shaping of new devotions and cults in a specific space in Latin America.

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Ramos, Rui Jorge Garcia, Eliseu Gonçalves, and Sérgio Dias Silva. "From the Late 19th Century House Question to Social Housing Programs in the 30s: the Nationalist Regulation of the Picturesque in Portugal." Modern Housing. Patrimonio Vivo, no. 51 (2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.a.1v7pry77.

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In the early 20th century in Portugal, a new architecture was produced as the offspring of different references, conforming to a process of “Portugueseness” based on the picturesque. From the beginning of the dictatorship in 1926, the State took advantage of that phenomenon to sublimate nationalist values. Through the first programs of mass housing construction, the single-family house became an object of consumption and a cornerstone of national identity. The search for identity brings together different architectures across the century featuring a renewed Portuguese sentiment infused with different perspectives on the “homeland”, its history and its culture.

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Palma, Luís Manuel. "Tracking the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey across the Atlantic: hints from language, literature, history and geography." Arquivos de Zoologia 48, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v48i1p115-130.

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Guincho, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is unique and ancestral. It is found in several sorts of fictional literature from the 16th up to the early 20th centuries in the form of a metaphor born from an old popular proverb. The first time the name appears as the vernacular designation of the osprey is in a 17th falconry treatise, and then in old dictionaries and early ornithological monographs and catalogues throughout the 18th to early 20th centuries. In Portugal, however, the name barely survives, partly due to the species demise in the country during the 20th century, but mainly because it was gradually replaced by an erudite term in ornithological literature since the middle 19th century. However, given the conspicuousness of the species and its nests, the name and its composites are retained in a number of places along the coast. And, following the Portuguese diaspora of the 16th-18th centuries, the term spread to the archipelagos of Madeira, Cape Verde and the Canaries where it impregnated the local vocabulary and again gave the name to many coastal places. Then, it moved from the Canaries to the Spanish speaking areas of the Caribbean riding the mass migration of Canary Islanders to the new colonies. In consequence, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey is still fully used in several island countries across the Atlantic. The remarkable presence of the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey in language, literature and geography allows its rehabilitation as the proper popular name of the species and sanctions its legitimacy as a tool for reconstructing the ancient historical ranges of the osprey. Ultimately, revaluing the name is also a matter of cultural preservation, which compliments and enriches the current efforts for the species recovery in Portugal.

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Amorim, Inês, and Bruno Pinto. "Portugal in the European Network of Marine Science Heritage and Outreach (19th–20th Centuries)." Humanities 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8010014.

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The gradual consciousness of the scientific and economic riches of marine life is rooted in the legacy of some pillars of scientific production and dissemination in institutions such as natural history museums, aquariums, and maritime stations. Nowadays, one of the biggest issues of these scientific collections of species (marine or others) is their contextual interpretation which demands its original collection point, collectors, and original aims. The current research focuses on the origin of collections of marine specimens in Portugal as well as their historical evolution. In this particular approach, we assess the connection of the Portuguese natural history museums, universities and aquariums to similar European institutions since the mid-19th century, crossing primary sources from different archives. It was possible to reconstruct connections with the Zoological Station of the bay of Naples (Italy), the Maritime Museum of Monaco, and Aquariums of Monaco, France, and England. We identify both informers and the circulation of zoological specimens that underpin Museums and Aquariums collections that are today important scientific heritage repositories for a larger understanding of marine biodiversity and its threats, and core places of aesthetic contemplation and of philosophical discussion about the evolution of scientific knowledge.

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De Matos, Fátima. "Ageing and Quality of Life - New Responses from the Real Estate Sector in Portugal (1)." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 15, no. 15 (January 1, 2011): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0004-y.

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Ageing and Quality of Life - New Responses from the Real Estate Sector in Portugal (1) In the second half of the 20th century, the history of European demography is associated with a pronounced and widespread process of ageing. The 21st century will have to cater to the needs of an elderly population in transformation. Portugal is also part of this process and in efforts to improve the quality of life of the elderly, a wide range of facilities, services and social responses have been established by a variety of promoters, targeting several social levels. This paper will analyze a specific segment directed at an exclusive niche of the elderly population, the Senior Residential Condominiums. This is a very recent segment of the housing market, with high levels of comfort, quality, sanitation, health, and recreation, essential to full well-being. The paper intends to characterize this real estate market niche so as to identify its distinctive features, the promoting agents and how they can contribute to residents' quality of life.

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Jasińska, Anna, and Artur Jasiński. "THE CALOUSTE GULBENKIAN MUSEUM IN LISBON." Muzealnictwo 58, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8341.

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The Calouste Gulbenkian Museum is located off the tourist paths, on the outskirts of Europe, and far away from the centre of Lisbon, in the serenity of the Santa Gertrudes Park. Its austere concrete buildings hide treasures from the collection of an extraordinary man, a millionaire of Armenian origin, an oil magnate, and an art and garden lover. The article presents the collector, the history of his collection and the museum buildings which now form an original park and museum complex run by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. In 2010, the complex was entered into the register of national monuments of Portugal, thus being the first masterpiece of the 20th-century architecture to feature in this register.

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Roque, Ana Cristina, and Livia Ferrão. "A Glimpse Over the Land and Peoples of Mozambique: The Collections Assembled During the Colonial Period and their Importance for the Rebuilding of the History of Mozambique." African Research & Documentation 99 (2005): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x0001877x.

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Museums as well as other public and private institutions in Portugal and abroad, have collections of a diversified nature assembled during the 20th century in the former Portuguese colonies. Several important collections of archaeological and ethnological objects as well as photographs and documents from Mozambique are known today through scientific papers, publications and exhibitions promoted either by public or private initiatives. However, there are still a number of unknown collections that not only are important vehicles of information regarding the regions and peoples of Mozambique but also provide an important contribution for a better understanding of its history.The Collection of the Anthropological Mission of Mozambique (AMM), gathered between 1936 and 1956, is an example of the importance of these collections.

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Dix, Steffen. "Miguel de Unamuno und Antero de Quental Iberische Religionskritik, einbrechende Moderne und die Tragik des Verlustes." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 59, no. 4 (2007): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007307781787598.

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AbstractIn recent years the study of local religious histories, especially in Europe, has gained in prominence. Because of the encounters between different cultural traditions in the Middle Ages and the voyages of discovery, the religious history of the Iberian Peninsula became one of the most complex in Europe. This article focuses on one portion of this history around the turn of the 19th/20th century, and in particular on two attempts to blame the Catholic religion for the general crisis in Spain and Portugal at the start of the modern era. These two forms of critiquing religion are illustrated by the examples of Miguel de Unamuno and Antero de Quental, whose writings were characteristic of the typical relationship between religion and intellectuals in this period. Not only were the Spanish philosopher and the Portuguese poet influential on their own and later generations, but they are also truly representative of a certain tragic ”loss“ of religion in the Iberian Peninsula.

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DORÉ, NATALIA I., and AURORA A. C. TEIXEIRA. "Brazil’s economic growth and real (div)convergence from a very long-term perspective (1822-2019): An historical appraisal." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 42, no. 4 (December 2022): 934–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3376.

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ABSTRACT The reconstruction of the economic history of Brazil since independence from Portugal (1822) may lead to a new understanding of its economic growth. The deep-rooted idea that Brazil could have done better means there is a need to delve into each phase of its development. In this paper, we provide a very long-run perspective (1822-2019) of Brazil’s economic growth and process of real convergence. On the one hand, this review indicates that structural changes observed in the middle of the 20th century were crucial in promoting the country’s growth and real convergence with technologically advanced countries. On the other hand, poor institutional conditions and deficient human capital formation have emerged since colonial times as critical factors underlying Brazil’s inability to establish robust and sustainable economic growth.

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Lara-Bermejo, Víctor, and Ana Rita Bruno Guilherme. "The Diachrony of Pronouns of Address in 20th-century European Portuguese." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2021-2040.

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Abstract The system of pronouns of address in Portuguese is known for its complexity. Although many investigations (mainly case studies) on Brazilian Portuguese have been carried out to this respect, there is lack of in-depth studies about the European variety. In this article, we aim to provide the history of the system of pronouns of address in European Portuguese throughout the 20th century, by analyzing dialect data pertaining to three sociolinguistic corpora. The results highlight that the 20th century meant a time with profound changes in Portugal’s society, since it represents a stage in which European Portuguese established a new paradigm that favoured standard responses and pragmatic solidarity. However, this variety is still inclined to pragmatic distance, for the data reveal that it has also come up with new strategies to maintain deference as the unmarked politeness strategy.

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Fikri, Asyrul. "Sejarah Lokal Riau untuk Pengembangan Materi Ajar Sejarah Indonesia Kelas XI SMA." Diakronika 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol19-iss1/78.

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Results of the study aims to integrate local history that is in the Riau into festive the history of Indonesia material of class XI. The method used is the analysis of documents, namely documents the history of Indonesia syllabus of class XI. Historical events that happened in Riau are integrated and analyzed to each basic competence in accordance with the learning material. Results of the study are, among others, the local people's struggle history of Riau do resistance to colonization a foreign nation such as the people's resistance war Guntung, war Reteh, war Mondang Kumango, resistance Tuanku Tambusai, resistance Datuk Tabano, Resistance Raja Haji, Sultan Zainal Abidin, War and resistance Manggris and Pirates in waters of Riau can be integrated into the basic competence to analyze the process of entry and the development of European colonization (Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, United Kingdom) to Indonesia with the material of Learning Strategies of resistance against Indonesia nation of European colonialism until the beginning of the 20th century. Integration of the study of local history in the process of learning history in class is expected to improve the understanding and awareness of the students against the local local history and its relationship with national history.

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Homberg, Mauricio, and Jens Ivo Engels. "Corruption Debates in the First Portuguese Republic 1910-1926." Revista Portuguesa de História 53 (September 27, 2022): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_53_4.

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This paper deals with corruption debates as a political factor in the First Portuguese Republic. Criticism of corruption is a hitherto hardly considered aspect for understanding the instability of the Republic. Criticism of corruption as a critique of parliamentarism existed in almost all European countries in the first third of the 20th century. This essay offers a systematic examination of corruption debates in Portugal and aims to emphasise the international commonalities. Similar to the rest of Europe, these criticisms contributed to the bad image and destabilisation of the parliamentary system. The essay mainly uses political newspapers and pamphlets as sources. After an assessment of the relevant research literature and a very short section on anticorruption in the late monarchy, we will concentrate on three groups of critics: monarchical Catholic voices, radical republican commentaries, and anarchist left-wing contributions. The aim is to reconstruct patterns of argumentation of the aforementioned political directions that were typical throughout the republican period. We will also take up the alleged connection between cultural backwardness and corruption in the Portuguese self-description. In the last section, we will shortly focus on the (almost non-existent) defence strategies of the ruling Republicans.

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Marchi, Riccardo, and Tiago Pinto. "Zarco Moniz Ferreira and the Portuguese radical right-wing between authoritarianism and democracy: a biographical approach." Locus: Revista de História 28, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 258–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2594-8296.2022.v28.37488.

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In the 1960s and 1970s, Portugal witnessed a cycle of political radicalisation on the right and left, in the context of the crisis and fall of the authoritarian Salazarist regime, and the transition to democracy after the military coup of 1974. For the right wing, radicalisation was led by young university students inspired by the Portuguese nationalism of the first half of the 20th century, but also by foreign doctrines from the inter-war period, and by the neo-fascist subculture immediately after the second world war. This article explores the mobilisation of this radical subculture, with its links to the Estado Novo and the European far right, through a bibliographical appreciation of one of its best-known leaders, nationally and internationally: Zarco Moniz Ferreira. From his career as a political activist, between the end of authoritarianism and the democratic transition, a faithful picture emerges of the characteristics, dynamics, successes and failures of the mobilisation of the far-right in those troubled years of recent Portuguese history.

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Pita, J. R., A. L. Pereira, J. S. Ferreira, and J. Morgado. "The portuguese psychiatry in the european setting: Study of a hospital drug formulary in the beginning of the 20th century." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72942-x.

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The results of an investigation conducted on the Formulario Especial dos Medicamentos para o Hospital de alienados em Rilhafoles (1901), a mental disease drug formulary for the oldest Portuguese psychiatric hospital, are presented. The study considered the Portuguese situation within the European setting.This study quantifies the number of drugs and pharmaceutical forms and establishes a comparison with the most commonly used international psychiatric medication at the time. The present study aims at contributing to the history of psychiatric drug therapy before the advent of psychoactive drugs. The most commonly used pharmaceutical forms and therapeutic groups in psychiatry are evaluated. Furthermore, we also wish to contribute to the evaluation of how Portugal received and implemented innovations in drug therapy.Quantitative and qualitative document analysis of the above mentioned formulary, using the comparative method.The edition of this formulary arose from the need to standardize specific medication for mental patients. In the Formulario, 61 medicinal products are proposed. There were 8 different pharmaceutical forms. The potions were the most commonly referred (32). Hypnotics represented approximately half of the medicinal products (28), followed by hypokinetics (9), and analgesics and antipyretics (8).The formulary was in line with foreign scientific innovations. Pharmacotherapeutic variety of drugs was short and resorting to non-drug therapies was also usual. The edition of this formulary was mainly due to the work conducted by the psychiatrist Miguel Bombarda (1851–1910), a prominent public figure in medicine and in the political and cultural arena.

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Martins, Cláudia, and Sérgio Ferreira. "Lost in Migration – Mirandese at a Crossroads." Open Linguistics 5, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0026.

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AbstractThe linguistic rights of Mirandese were enshrined in Portugal in 1999, though its “discovery” dates back to the very end of the 19th century at the hands of Leite de Vasconcellos. For centuries, it was the first or only language spoken by people living in the northeast of Portugal, particularly the district of Miranda do Douro. As a minority language, it has always moved among three dimensions. On the one hand, the need to assert and defend this language and have it acknowledged by the country, which proudly believe(d) in their monolingual history. Unavoidably, this has ensued the action of translation, especially active from the mid of the 20th century onwards, with an emphasis on the translation of the Bible and Portuguese canonical literature, as well as other renowned literary forms (e.g. The Adventures of Asterix). Finally, the third axis lies in migration, either within Portugal or abroad. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, Mirandese people were forced to leave Miranda do Douro and villages in the outskirts in the thousands. They fled not only due to the deeply entrenched poverty, but also the almost complete absence of future prospects, enhanced by the fact that they were regarded as not speaking “good” Portuguese, but rather a “charra” language, and as ignorant backward people. This period coincided with the building of dams on the river Douro and the cultural and linguistic shock that stemmed from this forceful contact, which exacerbated their sense of not belonging and of social shame. Bearing all this in mind, we seek to approach the role that migration played not only in the assertion of Mirandese as a language in its own right, but also in the empowerment of new generations of Mirandese people, highly qualified and politically engaged in the defence of this minority language, some of whom were former migrants. Thus, we aim to depict Mirandese’s political situation before and after the endorsement of the Portuguese Law no. 7/99.

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Peixe, Carolina, Conceição Casanova, Joana Lia Ferreira, and Inês Coutinho. "Glass Crystal Models: A First Approach to a Hidden Treasure of Teaching and Scientific Heritage." Heritage 2, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 2495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030153.

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Glass crystal models arrived in Portugal around the late 19th century, when high schools, universities, and polytechnics were gradually provided with teaching collections to support science education. Therefore, they are an important material evidence of teaching methodologies of mineral and geology science in the 20th century. The Passos Manuel high school in Lisbon, owns a significant collection of scientific heritage, currently on a long-term loan at the National Museum of Natural History and Science and the University of Lisbon, which includes a set of 98 glass crystal models. Besides glass, these models are composed by adhesives, paper, cardboard, textile threads, paper/textile adhesive tapes, and metal nuts and screws. Also, they show several levels of intervention and different conservation states. In this paper, the first results of a multi-analytic approach to chemically characterize these objects’ material composition will be presented. Characterization was done based on portable equipment (pXRF), or by collecting small samples further analyzed using optical microscopy and FTIR-ATR techniques. This study allowed for a first distinction between original materials from the old repairs; to develop a more accurate assessment of the conservation condition; and finally, as one of the main aims of this work, to determine preventive conservation measures in order to better preserve these cultural objects.

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Lois González, Rubén Camilo, Luis Alfonso Escudero Gómez, and Inês Gusman. "El debate actual sobre la(s) frontera(s) aplicado al caso ibérico: elementos de des-fronterización y re-fronterización entre España y Portugal en el siglo XXI = The current debate on border(s) applied to the Iberian case: elements of de-bordering and re-bordering between Spain and Portugal in the 21st Century." REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto) 30 (May 28, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2019.4747.

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Resumen: En las últimas décadas del siglo XX, los discursos sobre un mundo sin fronteras, donde las relaciones territoriales ya no son determinadas por los Estados, ganaron fuerza entre académicos y decisores políticos. Los proyectos de cooperación transnacional, como los que están en la base de la Unión Europea, parecían demostrar que las fronteras dejaban de significar discontinuidades económicas, políticas y sociales. Estos nuevos escenarios permitieron abrir una nueva fase en las relaciones entre territorios de España y Portugal y superar su separación histórica. Este acercamiento se refleja en la creación de estructuras de cooperación transfronteriza y décadas de constante crecimiento de las relaciones económicas entre ambos países. Este proceso conoció un decaimiento durante la crisis económica iniciada en 2008. En este artículo, se analiza la evolución de estas relaciones y se estudia la efectividad de esta cooperación como marco adecuado para la superación de los efectos de la crisis. Entre los territorios portugueses y españoles, una vez superada la recesión, las relaciones transfronterizas retomaron su vigor, especialmente a nivel local y regional. Así, avanzando en las complementariedades culturales, sociales y económicas, la cooperación puede ir más allá de los límites de los Estados y puede concebirse como un instrumento efectivo de desarrollo territorial.Palabras clave: Península Ibérica, cooperación regional, frontera, des-fronterización, re-fronterización.Abstract: Abstract: Since the last decades of the 20th century, the narrative of a world without borders, where territorial relations are no longer determined by States, has been gaining strength among academics and decision-makers. Transnational cooperation projects such as the European Union (EU) seem to demonstrate that borders no longer represent economic, political and social discontinuities. These new scenarios have opened a new phase in the relations between the territories of Spain and Portugal and overcome the historical separation. This is a rapprochement reflected in the creation of cross-border cooperation structures and in the decades of constantly growing economic relations between both countries, although the process was slowed by the economic crisis beginning in 2008. In this paper, the focus is the evolution of these relationships and also an analysis of the effectiveness of cooperation as an adequate means for overcoming the effects of the crisis. Since the crisis ended, cross-border relations between Portugal and Spain have regained their vigour, especially at the local and regional levels. Thus, thanks to cultural, social and economic complementarities, cooperation can overcome the limits of States and be conceived as an effective instrument for territorial development.Key words: Iberian Peninsula, regional cooperation, border, des-bordering, re-bordering.

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Vilariño Picos, Teresa. "Paisajes, geografía literaria e identidad nacional." Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, no. 15-17 (February 26, 2011): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_tropelias/tropelias.200415-17506.

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En palabras de Mario Valdés y Linda Hutcheon, el estudio de la literatura necesita ser enmarcado en los límites de lo que los dos autores denominan Historia de la cultura literaria comparada o historiografía comparada de la cultura literaria. Dentro de esos límites, el fenómeno literario trasciende los niveles estéticos y formales, tomando en consideración otros campos que como el político, antropológico, económico, geográfico, histórico, demográfico y sociológico articulan los contextos de una comunidad literaria. Las líneas de trabajo que quiero desglosar a continuación pretenden explicar, dentro de una teoría general del ensayo, de qué manera se ha desarrollado el imaginario cultural nacional en España y Portugal, como un sistema entre sucesivos sistemas de valores compartidos finiseculares, extendidos hacia las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Se trata de un “imaginario colectivo”, una “continuidad”, en términos azorinianos, a partir de la interpretación del paisaje verbal, expresión física de las obras humanas, geográfico y, sobre todo, cultural. In the words of Mario Valdés and Linda Hutcheon, the study of literature needs to be contained within the limits of that which these two authors call the History of Comparative Literary Culture or Comparative Historiography of Literary Culture. Here, the literary phenomenon transcends aesthetic and formal levels, taking into consideration how other fields such as the political, anthropological, economic, geographic, historical, demographic, and sociological articulate the contexts of a literary community. The research lines that I wish to explore throughout this paper seek to explain, within a general theory of the essay, the way the national cultural imaginary has developed in Spain and Portugal, as a system amid sucessive shared end of the century value systems, extending into the the first decades of the 20th century. We are dealing with a “collective imaginary”, a “continuity”, in azorinian terms, stemming from an interpretation of the verbal landscape –the physical expression of human works, geographical, and above all, cultural landscape.

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Pacheco, Mafalda Batista, Itziar Navarro-Amezketa, and Teresa Heitor. "Mapping the urban form of coastal fishing towns in Algarve: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 9, suppl 1 (October 2017): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.009.supl1.ao05.

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Abstract The paper examines the urban growth patterns of two coastal fishing towns in southern Portugal: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António. The goal is to investigate the relationship between the configurational and network properties of the urban forms in order to identify generative or emergent patterns, understanding their particular urban morphology. The Space Syntax Theory, applied to the syntactical modelling of these towns, is used to understand the urban processes. Topological variables, such as connectivity, integration and intelligibility, are calculated by DepthMap Software and the Theory of the “Deformed Wheel” is used to represent the evolutionary trends and to identify generic rules. The study is developed by comparing the two urban networks in two moments of their evolution, first in the mid-20th century, which corresponds to the historic core, and second corresponding to the present day. The main results demonstrate a contrast between the segregated network of Olhão's irregular historic centre and the integrated network of Vila Real de Santo António's regular historic centre, revealed by the value of integration variable. The urban expansion of these towns during the last decades decreased the value of integration and aggravated the intelligibility of the urban fabric. The application of syntactic approaches, with quantitative analysis, aims to complement the traditional procedures of the History of Urbanism, developing an operational method adaptable to the study of urban morphology.

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Dubrovskaya, Dinara V. "From Papal Envoys to Martyrs of the Faith: An Attempt in Generalization of Franciscan preaching in China in the 13th– 18th Centuries." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016686-1.

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The article is an attempt to systematize the preaching of the Franciscan order in China, starting with the papal embassies to the Great Khans who conquered the Middle Empire and founded the Yuan dynasty until the end of the 20th century. The author groups the information into several major periods, suggesting a five-stage periodization of the Franciscan presence in the Far East. A change in the preaching paradigm is noted during the 700 centuries of the fickle Minorites’ presence in China. While the first reconnaissance missions, achieving modest success in preaching to non-Chinese subjects of the Mongol emperors, were mainly diplomatic in nature, in modern times the mission, enjoying the support of the Spanish Padroado system, is purposefully concentrated on preaching work, especially among the poor segments of the population. Since the 16th century begins a change in the entire logistic paradigm of the Far Eastern missionary work. If in the Middle Ages the Pope had enough to send several barefoot Franciscans to the Tatars, then in modern times the church is already forced to reckon with the countries that divided the world, initiating the Age of Exploration, first of all, with Spain and Portugal, the two then superpowers, each of which supported their own preachers, competing for influence in India, China and Japan and giving the task of preaching Christianity an additional political dimension, laden with rivalry and intrigue. The article is a continuation of the piece by the same author, focusing on theoretical foundations of the Franciscan proselytization, published earlier [Dubrovskaya, 2020(1)].

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Morozova, A. L., P. Ribeiro, and M. A. Pais. "Correction of artificial jumps in the historical geomagnetic measurements of Coimbra Observatory, Portugal." Annales Geophysicae 32, no. 1 (January 27, 2014): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-19-2014.

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Abstract. The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy code COI) in Portugal has a long history of observation of the geomagnetic field, spanning almost 150 yr since the first geomagnetic measurements in 1866. These long instrumental geomagnetic records provide very important information about variability of geomagnetic elements and indices, their trends and cycles, and can be used to improve our knowledge on the sources that drive variations of the geomagnetic field: liquid core dynamics (internal) and solar forcing (external). However, during the long life of the Coimbra Observatory, some inevitable changes in station location, instrument's park and electromagnetic environment have taken place. These changes affected the quality of the data collected at COI causing breaks and jumps in the series of geomagnetic field components and local K index. Clearly, these inhomogeneities, typically shift-like (step-like) or trend-like, have to be corrected or, at least, minimized in order for the data to be used in scientific studies or to be submitted to international databases. In this study, the series of local K index and declination of the geomagnetic field are analysed: the former because it allows direct application of standard homogenization methods and the latter because it is the longest continuous series produced at COI. For the homogenization, visual and statistical tests (e.g. standard normal homogeneity test) have been applied directly to the local geomagnetic K index series (from 1951 to 2012). The homogenization of the monthly averages of declination (from 1867 to 2012) has been done using visual analysis and statistical tests applied to the time series of the first differences of declination values, as an approximation to the first time derivative. This allowed not only estimating the level of inhomogeneity of the studied series but also detecting the highly probable homogeneity break points. These points have been cross-checked with the metadata, and the COI series have been compared with reference series from the nearest geomagnetic stations and, in the case of declination series, from the recent geomagnetic field model COV-OBS to set up the required correction factors. As a result, the homogenized series measured in COI are considered to be essentially free of artificial shifts starting from the second half of the 20th century, and ready to be used by the scientific community.

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Iakerson, Semen M. "Hebrew Incunabula in the Russian Researchers’ Publications. Bibliographic Review." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-1-1-21-34.

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Hebrew incunabula amount to a rather modest, in terms of number, group of around 150 editions that were printed within the period from the late 60s of the 15th century to January 1, 1501 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Despite such a small number of Hebrew incunabula, the role they played in the history of the formation of European printing cannot be overlooked. Even less possible is to overestimate the importance of Hebrew incunabula for understanding Jewish spiritual life as it evolved in Europe during the Renaissance.Russian depositories house 43 editions of Hebrew incunabula, in 113 copies and fragments. The latter are distributed as following: the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 67 items stored; the Russian State Library — 38 items; the National Library of Russia — 7 items; the Jewish Religious Community of Saint Petersburg — 1 item. The majority of these books came in public depositories at the late 19th — first half of the 20th century from private collections of St. Petersburg collectors: Moses Friedland (1826—1899), Daniel Chwolson (1819—1911) and David Günzburg (1857—1910). This article looks into the circumstances of how exactly these incunabula were acquired by the depositories. For the first time there are analysed publications of Russian scholars that either include descriptions of Hebrew incunabula (inventories, catalogues, lists) or related to various aspects of Hebrew incunabula studies. The article presents the first annotated bibliography of all domestic publications that are in any way connected with Hebrew incunabula, covering the period from 1893 (the first publication) to the present. In private collections, there was paid special attention to the formation of incunabula collections. It was expressed in the allocation of incunabula as a separate group of books in printed catalogues and the publication of research works on incunabula studies, which belonged to the pen of collectors themselves and haven’t lost their scientific relevance today.

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Iakerson, Semen M. "Hebrew Incunabula in the Russian Researchers’ Publications. Bibliographic Review." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-1-21-34.

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Hebrew incunabula amount to a rather modest, in terms of number, group of around 150 editions that were printed within the period from the late 60s of the 15th century to January 1, 1501 in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. Despite such a small number of Hebrew incunabula, the role they played in the history of the formation of European printing cannot be overlooked. Even less possible is to overestimate the importance of Hebrew incunabula for understanding Jewish spiritual life as it evolved in Europe during the Renaissance.Russian depositories house 43 editions of Hebrew incunabula, in 113 copies and fragments. The latter are distributed as following: the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 67 items stored; the Russian State Library — 38 items; the National Library of Russia — 7 items; the Jewish Religious Community of Saint Petersburg — 1 item. The majority of these books came in public depositories at the late 19th — first half of the 20th century from private collections of St. Petersburg collectors: Moses Friedland (1826—1899), Daniel Chwolson (1819—1911) and David Günzburg (1857—1910). This article looks into the circumstances of how exactly these incunabula were acquired by the depositories. For the first time there are analysed publications of Russian scholars that either include descriptions of Hebrew incunabula (inventories, catalogues, lists) or related to various aspects of Hebrew incunabula studies. The article presents the first annotated bibliography of all domestic publications that are in any way connected with Hebrew incunabula, covering the period from 1893 (the first publication) to the present. In private collections, there was paid special attention to the formation of incunabula collections. It was expressed in the allocation of incunabula as a separate group of books in printed catalogues and the publication of research works on incunabula studies, which belonged to the pen of collectors themselves and haven’t lost their scientific relevance today.

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Gribincea, Alexandru. "An Overview of the Further Demographic Situation and Economy in 2035." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 12, 2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.80-87.

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The study of the situation in Europe and other countries in the context of demographic evolution, the forecast of economic development has shown that the population, structural migration and economies are closely correlated. The population and economy in the EU in the near future will undergo dramatic changes. In some developed, industrialized countries, the population grows slowly or stagnates, while in economically poor economies, birth rates are accelerating, and as healthcare increases, it will lead to a demographic explosion. In recent years, the EU population has grown by 507 million, with a projected increase of 5% by 2050, reaching a maximum of 526 million, after which it will decrease to 523 million in 2060 yr. In about half of the EU countries, despite the population growth trend, the total population will diminish. This trend refers to Bulgaria, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Spain, Croatia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia and Slovakia. In total, decline of population in Eastern European countries is linked to a number of factors. First is the reduction of the socio-economic level of the population, increasing labor migration to countries with advanced living standards. In these countries, as a rule, the standard of living, social and medical assistance, social protection is reduced. At the same time, world community is going through a difficult time. A deep and prolonged recession that followed the global financial crisis has changed with the slow recovery of employment. Never in the history of mankind, the growth rate of the world population was not as large as in the second half of the 20th and early 21st century. Between 1960 and 1999, the population of the planet doubled (from 3 to 6 billion people), and in 2007 - 6.6 billion people. Although the average annual growth rate of the world's population declined from 2.2% in the early 1960s to 1.5% in the early 2000's absolute annual growth increased from 53 million to 80 million people. Demographic changes from traditional (high fertility - high mortality - low natural growth) to the modern reproductive population (low fertility - low mortality - low population growth) ended in developed countries in the first decade of the 20th century, and most of the transition economies - in middle of last century. At the same time, in the 1950s and 1960s, the demographic transition began in several countries and regions of the rest of the world and begin to the end only in Latin America, East Asia and Southeast Asia and continuing in East Asia, Africa Sub-Saharan Africa from the Sahara to the Middle East. Rapid population growth compared with the indicators of socio-economic development in these regions leads to aggravation of problems related to employment, poverty, food, land, low education and health risks. Keywords: workforce, aging population, birth rate, living standards and life expectancy, inflation, unemployment and technical and scientific progress

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Garcia, José Luís Lima. "Colonial propaganda literature in 20th century contemporary Portugal." Revista Estudos do Século XX, no. 8 (2008): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8622_8_20.

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Spaggiari, Barbara. "The decasyllable in Portugal." Linguistic Approaches to Poetry 15 (December 31, 2001): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.15.12spa.

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We propose a new classification of the Portuguese decasyllable into periods, as well as an overview of the specific features which have, over the centuries, marked the variety of this verse form. We thus distinguish between: the decassílabo trovadoresco (Middle Ages); the decassílabo quatrocentista (15th century); the decassílabo clássico (16th century); the decassílabo romântico (19th century); the decassílabo decadente e simbolista (late 19th and early 20th century). Whether in medieval or modern poetry, the Portuguese decasyllable exhibits an extreme variety of forms, rhythms and scansion patterns, all equally possible and codified in the poetic idiom; so that the only constant distinctive feature of the verse appears to be the compulsory accent on the 10th syllable. Moreover, the massive recourse to hiatus and dieresis, as well as to synaloepha and syneresis, always allows the Portuguese poets to attain the required number of syllables.

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Vieira, Duarte Nuno. "Forensic Medicine And Forensic Sciences in Portugal." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2009141689.

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The first legal texts to contain any rules relating forensic medicine expertises in Portugal date back to the 16th century. But the qualitative leap that actually allowed Portuguese Forensic Medicine to develop, bringing it to the stage where it is today, only occurred three centuries later, in the 19th century. Indeed, the first university teaching of forensic medicine appeared in 1836, with independent courses bearing this title, and in 1899 the first official forensic medical services were set up. A number of changes took place thereafter, and throughout the 20th century, always serving to improve the system. They culminated in a thorough reorganisation of the entire framework of forensic medicine in Portugal in the transition from the 20th to the 21st century, more exactly in 2000/1001. This consisted of unifying the Portuguese forensic medical services in a single National Institute of Legal (Forensic) Medicine (“Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal” - INML). In the following pages we shall concentrate particularly on the present situation of forensic medicine and other forensic sciences in Portugal and on the glimmering future prospects.

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Schulze-Marmeling, Friederike. "»20th century Aisha«?" Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 32, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/kize.2019.32.2.346.

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Almeida, Luís, António Santos Silva, Maria do Rosário Veiga, Manuel Vieira, and José Mirão. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete from 20th-Century Architecture Award-Winning Buildings in Lisbon (Portugal): A Contribution to the Knowledge of Their Evolution and Durability." Construction Materials 2, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater2030010.

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The use of concrete materials in Portugal, namely reinforced concrete, began in the 19th century. However, during the 20th century, the increase in the application of this composite material, alongside the use of hydraulic binders, led to a disruption of traditional construction techniques and enhanced generalized application in concrete structures, combining aesthetics with functionality. In this paper, the authors will present and discuss several physical and mechanical characteristics of reinforced concrete materials from 12 award-winning architectural buildings constructed between the 1930s and the end of the 20th century in Lisbon, Portugal. These results are vital to evaluate their durability, as those buildings have an undiscussable heritage value in the context of 20th-century buildings’ valorization. Furthermore, the results will contribute to the knowledge of the current state of conservation of these materials and will allow an understanding of the evolution in the application of national regulations during this period.

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Dias, Emílio Brògueira, and Jorge Fernandes Alves. "Ports, policies and interventions in ports in Portugal - 20th Century." Cahiers de la Méditerranée, no. 80 (June 15, 2010): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cdlm.5162.

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Carvalho, Cristina. "PUBLICITY TILE PANELS IN PORTUGAL: A SINGULARITY WITHIN IDENTITY." ARTis ON, no. 8 (December 30, 2018): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37935/aion.v0i8.219.

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In mid-19th century when tiles turn to the outside of the buildings, covering façades, a singularity in tile production came to light: their use as advertising or publicity support. From the third quarter of the 19th century on, very simple signs made of tiles start to inform about products, shops, workshops or services. Since then, until mid-20th century, this sort of production never stopped, being able to update itself to new artistic styles following graphic arts and publicity concepts evolution. Work of unknown artists as well as of consecrated painters and designers, it evolved from the simple lettering to the most exuberant colourful figurative representations. Despite its decline from mid-20th century, this sort of panels never completely disappeared and continued to be produced until nowadays. The present article aims to analyse the publicity panels, a singular tile production scattered all over the country, relating them to the Portuguese artistic identity.

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Wilson, Robin. "The 20th Century." Mathematical Intelligencer 42, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09956-x.

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Ferreira, Sónia, and Sónia Vespeira De Almeida. "Retrospective ethnography on 20th-century Portugal: fieldwork encounters and its complicities." Social Anthropology 25, no. 2 (May 2017): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12416.

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Wasterlain, S. N., B. F. Ascenso, and A. M. Silva. "Skeletal metastatic carcinoma: A case from 15th-20th century Coimbra, Portugal." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 21, no. 3 (November 20, 2009): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.1130.

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Wasterlain, S. N., and G. J. Dias. "Amelogenesis imperfecta in an early 20th century population from central Portugal." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 19, no. 3 (May 2009): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.972.

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Atiyah, Michael. "Mathematics in the 20th century." NTM International Journal of History and Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology and Medicine 10, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033096.

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Fogler, Karen, and Mala Hoffman. "Exploring 20th Century History through Photographs." Gifted Child Today 17, no. 3 (May 1994): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759401700313.

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Westfall, Catherine. "Reimagining 20th-Century Physics." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 50, no. 1-2 (April 2020): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2020.50.1-2.209.

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Brandao, Pedro Ramos. "The Catholic Church and Portugal in Africa." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i2.254.

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The way Catholic Church implanted itself in Africa, and particularly in Portuguese colonial Africa, during the first half of the 20th century. The issue of the Organic Statute of Portuguese Catholic Missions in Africa. The orientation of the missionary policy and its integration in 1933 Constitution. The Foreign Missionaries in the Portuguese Missions and their impact on the criticism to Colonization. The Missionary Statute. The issue of Beira's Bishop.

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Alves Cardoso, Francisca, Sandra Assis, and Charlotte Henderson. "Exploring poverty: skeletal biology and documentary evidence in 19th–20th century Portugal." Annals of Human Biology 43, no. 2 (January 25, 2016): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2015.1134655.

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Altschuler, Glenn C. "Urban Religion’s 20th-Century Renaissance." Reviews in American History 49, no. 1 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2021.0007.

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Friedel, Robert. "Engineering in the 20th Century." Technology and Culture 27, no. 4 (October 1986): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105321.

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Wilson, Robin. "The Early 20th Century." Mathematical Intelligencer 42, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09942-3.

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O'Riordan, Timothy. "Ecology in the 20th century: a history." International Affairs 66, no. 1 (January 1990): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622225.

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Mason, Herbert J., and Anna Bramwell. "Ecology in the 20th Century: A History." Taxon 40, no. 3 (August 1991): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223244.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Portugal – History – 20th century'

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