Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ports – Aspect économique – Europe'
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Lacoste, Romuald. "Les opérateurs maritimes et portuaires européens dans la mutation de la chaine de transport de marchandises en vrac : essai de géographie économique." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3029.
Full textSince ten years, a global change affects the bulk cargoes supply chain. The industries of raw materials evolve, and need more quality, worldwide transport capacity and globalized services. European Commission enforce sustainable development, maritime and port security' acts. Liberalization of energy and agricultural market modify the players game. The transport chain generates new spatial organisation schemes based on networking, hub ports, industrial and standardized relationships, control of cargoes flows. But in fact, this large trend appears like an homogeneisation of the bulk transportation system on general transportation model which already exits exist in containerized and general cargoes
Dial, Rania Tassadit. "Les liaisons terrestres et maritimes et la concurrence interportuaire : les défis pour la croissance des ports européens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL2001.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis focused both on inter-port relations and on those governing the international maritime trade elements: ports, hinterland and foreland. In the first chapter, an assessment on hierarchies and relative growth in Europe is made by applying two complementary methods: Markov chains and convergence clubs. These show that there is a growth polarization within a limited number of large ports and a high frequency for those most disadvantaged. This result marks the lack of convergence within European ports. In addition, the phenomenon of "peripheral port challenge" would be exercised here by the small ports on the medium-sized ones, which would strongly contest some literature results on this issue. The second chapter highlights the importance of the relationship between the port and its hinterland and maritime environments. It focuses on the spatial aspect that characterizes these relationships and shows existing disparities between port regions. While Northern Europe is characterized by complementarity, Southern ports have competitive relationships. It also shows that the size of the local market and its proximity to the ports are not systematically good determinants of throughput. However, the accessibility to the market from peripheral port regions is a determining factor and can be explained by the existence of market niches within these areas. The third chapter focuses on maritime connectivity by country, its determinants and the spatial effects that can influence this. The analysis reveals that there are substantial differences between Northern Europe and the Mediterranean. It allows, beyond the results of literature, to identify the dominant relationships in each region. Although complementarity and competition may coexist between neighboring ports/countries, this study shows that one may prevail over the other
Tierny, Edward. "Le port maritime : lieu d'un pari libéral pour un enjeu régalien." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT4002.
Full textPunctual liberalization measures in the field of transport made port traffic more volatile, seemingly beyond the States' intent. Port authorities upgrade their equipment to address this new competition, which requires increased means. As a result, under the pressure of private investors and international institutions, ports authorities take a liberal development model and resort to private operators. Nevertheless, while ports are the place where the liberal evolution of transport focuses, ports are also the place where States assert their jurisdiction on vessels and shipowners so as to make up for the failure of flag States: International law entitles the port of call State to get involved in civil and criminal matters in the vessel's exploitation, in order to safeguard its own and the international community's interests. Nevertheless, this action thwarts the success of the liberal turn ports have taken: Economic corrective measures should support the sovereign action of port States
Boudeffa, Abderrahmane Mehdi. "Le paysage fluvial, nouveau vecteur de projet dans les villes européennes : le cas de deux villes rhénanes : Strasbourg et Bâle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG019.
Full textThe establishment of policies to “reconquer” the edges of water, marked today the new craze of the Rhenish Europe for its river. Cities as Basel, Strasbourg… etc… are rediscovering the Rhine and its shores which they had denied the whole urban quality, to make it now, a major asset in their development policy and their overall development. The many examples of the current revaluation raise the question of the existence of a common model concerning the development of the shores and the fronts of water. Our study is part of a comparative perspective on a European scale. From this point, we have evaluated the process of return to the river through the landscape. The recourse to various axes of analysis aimed to determine the integration level of the river in the structure of the cities studied. The look, on many recent regional projects, relating to the Rhine and the participants’ collection of stories have enabled us to articulate the different representations of the river in order to get a more complete vision about. This study takes us on the traces of a cultural history which evaluates the importance of political, economic and social factors in relation to the river
Aramburo-Vizcarra, Guillermo. "Dynamique portuaire à la frontière Mexique, Etats-Unis : Ensenada, en Basse Californie." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030094.
Full textMexican ports are in a new development stage since privatization has been enforced towards modernization. Ports in the mexico-united states borderland have been poorly developed in relation to the regional accelerated urban and economic growth. Western united states' ports increased their commercial traffic enormously and have extended their hinterland to the east coast competing with the panama channel. The aim of this thesis is to study the northwestern mexican ports dynamic (guaymas and ensenada) analyzing their possibilities to increase their presence in the regional economy. Particular emphasis is given to their possibilities to attract part of the usa boats traffic. Ensenada was more deeply studied because it is the only international port localized in the borderland region. Another objective was to study the urban development as well as analyzing the city-port relation. Finally, future port development possibilities are presented as well as their impacts over ensenada city
Najih, Nabil. "Le régime de gestion et d'exploitation portuaire au Maroc : étude des aspects juridique {s] et économiques[s] des ports de commerce." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0862.
Full textSince 1980, the port institutions are subject to a profound reform. The process of liberalization and privatization and the development of new forms of partnership have changed relations between public and private actors and transformed the institutional management of ports. The reform of Moroccan ports is part of this global dynamic. The Moroccan legislature, through law 15-02 on the seaports, confirms this trend without going back as long as state intervention. The aim would be to integrate legal requirements in the existing management structures
Parreau, Christophe. "Les ports de commerce moyens du versant manche-atlantique francais : etude geographique." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3003.
Full textIbouanga, Brice. "Les interfaces maritimes du Gabon : essai d'une géographie portuaire et commerciale." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30030.
Full textAs an exporting country of raw material among which petroleum wood manganese and uranium ), gabon has nothing but the sea way to sell outside its outputs having efficient port facilities at one's disposal is there fore something essential. That is why the gabonese state has undertacken a number of projects in order to make the equipements of its major maritime outlets - which are libreville and port-gentil - meet its commercial needs. Throughout those port equipements, the state has intended to carry out a real economic development policy in the country following this triple objective: opening the country to the outside word, promoting its industrial progress, and contributing to town and country planning. After a working which has been lasting for more than twenty years one can wonder whether the different facilities in the harbours of libreville and port-gentil are sufficient to endow the country with an excellent maritime service or other plannings should be conceived for a balanced development. Do the existing infrastructures meet the maritime wants of the country? as owing to data concerning the gabones coast as well as those related to nature, people and all endeavours in favour of a national intergration, what could be the future of gabonese ports? those are some of the questions to which our survey tries to give answers
Matt, Mireille. "Politiques technologiques et accords de coopération en R&D : théorie et application a des programmes européens." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC09.
Full textThis dissertation uses two theoretical frameworks giving complementary arguments to justify the implementation of a technology policy that subsidies R&D agreements. In the neoclassical framework, we introduced asymmetric spillovers in the d'Aspremont-Jacquemin (1988) model. The introduction of diversity in the features of agents allows us to underline the existence of non marginal situations where agents don't cooperate when for welfare reasons they should collaborate. The technology policy is relevant and efficient in these situations (these situations don't exist when agents are similar). In the evolutionary framework, we argue that a policy that stimulates R&D agreements is relevant because : (i) it induces knowledge diffusion by coordination in an appropriate way the existent diversity of the economic system and, (ii) it allows a better selection of technological options and induces firms to get locked-out of non efficient technological trajectories. Finally, we uses empirical results from economic evaluation studies of the european Brite-Euram programmes to validate some theoretical results concerning mainly the coordination of diversity
Abbes, Souhir. "Tarification au coût marginal social des infrastructures et des services portuaires : modélisation et méthodologies d'estimation." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4011.
Full textThe transportation sector is one of the most involved sectors in environmental problems. Therefore, the European Commission advocate, in several papers (White Paper, 1998; Green Paper, 1997), to adopt the marginal social cost pricing taking into account both private (operational costs) and external costs (environmental, congestion and accident costs). The major motivations behind this pricing policy are to improve efficiency and to allow the sector to be developed in a sustainable way. Seaports are also concerned by this pricing approach. However, the economic theory doesn't offer all necessary tools to the evaluation of short-run marginal social costs in seaports. The purpose of this thesis is to palliate this theoretical gap. Thus, we propose theoretical and econometric models permitting to determine operational marginal costs as well as external marginal costs of accidents, atmospheric and noise pollution, and congestion costs in the seaport of Saint-Brieuc. We were based, in particular, on the models developed for the road transport (Jansson, 1994; Lamure, 1990) and on the assumptions commonly retained in port economics
Ella, Ondo Thierry. "Les estuaires du Cameroun et du Gabon : étude de géographie portuaire dans la logique du développement durable." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3008.
Full textThe estuaries of Komo and Wouri provide nautical conditions which are favorable for port and sea activities. Those estuaries are areas which are environmentally sensive because of the wealth of their fauna and flora, their human activities and the occupation of their shores. The conception of port structures and their positioning on shore offshore are guided by physical and socio-economic studies. At Owendo, open structures are built or piles to avert silting up and to take advantage of depths near the shores. At Douala, structures are fixed toward the bottom of the open sea of Wouri. Their specialized structures overcome the constraints related to raw materials processing. These ports are routing national goods and those of landlocked countries and are organizing port procedures. But the problems of international sea transport network restrict goods dispatching. Authorities begin to globally define them. They are mobilising all the actors for the purpose of port promotion and are adopting global plans reforming the sector and reinforcing road transports and port structures. Those planned project will guarantee port activities and meet the needs of national and regional economies. They have several positive impacts on port activities and these of hinterlands, but few negative impacts on the environment. Sector-based management of environment problems is inefficient, only integrated coastal zone management can resolve them on a long-term basis and permit a sustainable port development
Magnin, Éric. "Les trajectoires de transformation post-socialiste en Europe centrale (Hongrie, Pologne, République tchèque) : institutions, évolution, complexité." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010054.
Full textThe complexity approach gives us methodological principles which enable us to build an institutional and evolutionary theoretical framework of post-socialist changes, which then allow us to study the national transformation trajectories in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. The transformation of a socio-economic system is considered as a passage from a systemic attractor, which represents the institutional field of the initial system, to a new attractor in the making. The institutional field transformation, which is conceived as a recombination of formal and informal institutions involves the system's self-reorganization. New hybrid institutional and organizational forms emerge in the process. The self-reorganization of the Hungarian, Polish and Czech socio-economic systems results then in the emergence of original institutional and organizational configurations, in path-dependent post-socialist economic models. In a schematic way, the hungarian redistributive market economy is characterized by a high level of state redistribution and a paternalistic behaviour of the state towards households and firms. The polish state market economy is characterized by the persistence of a huge state sector as well as the development of a dynamic private sector. The czech social quasi-market economy is a combination of economic liberalism and state paternalism, which means for instance the emergence of a "market paternalism" and of a "social-liberal" welfare regime. The comparative analysis of national trajectories then enables us to define, from a higher abstraction level, an emergent post-socialist economic model which takes various forms in the countries under study
Kane, Khalifa Ababacar. "Aspects juridiques de la gestion et de l'exploitation portuaires au Sénégal." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT4001.
Full textThe enhanced movement of globalization poses strong demands on African ports, such as Senegal, in terms of volume and quality of infrastructure, the frequency of dredging and port efficiency. This is readily understandable, as a good policy of port management, is important to ensure the efficiency of maritime transport of a country. The objective is the competitiveness of ports. But, in Senegal for exemple , this target is not always easy to reach, due to the difficult cohabitation between public service and economic development. Indeed, most regulations governing ports management, refers to public service; leading therefore to a public model of management, while, the economic development rather involves private law principles. Moreover, the aforementioned legislations, dating from the aftermath of independence, arise the problem of compatibility between the efficiency of these texts and the country's real needs. Hence the question of the profitability of this method of managment : Senegal is he able to protect its public port, and make it profitable at the same time? (making a comparative analysis with what is observed in the ports of other countries). Or should there be another way of management, which, of course, should take into account the interests of the system?
Crépin, Laurent. "Le statut socio-économique du renne au Magdalénien, en Europe : nouvelles données archéozoologiques sur l'économie des derniers chasseurs-collecteurs paléolithiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0031.
Full textThe Magdalenian period offers a large range of archaeological sites rich in fauna material. However, this culture, very well known in some parts of Europe, stays poorly documented in other parts on a zooarchaeological point of view. We present our results from two Europeans regions where the subsistence behaviour was unknown: First, the “Berry” (deposit slope of “La Garenne”, Saint-Marcel – Indre, France) at the junction between the Aquitaine and Parisian basins, several times occupied by Magdalenian ; and then Moravia (Kůlna, Sloup – Czech Republic), one of the most oriental Magdalenian’s establishment. We discuss the socio-economic status of the Reindeer to see if its place in the Magdalenian society was the same in all Europe and if its exploitation results from environmental conditions or from acultural choice. Comparing these results with others disciplines then allows us to discuss about territory and its management by the hunters-gatherers from the last Pleniglacial
Le, Marchand Arnaud. "La structuration des marchés du travail portuaire." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100114.
Full textAction, in a frame and on a frame, the harbor activity context is the purpose of this thesis. The following approach is at the crossroads of theatrical study of conventions, system of industrial relations and the economy of organizations. The emergence of rules in conexion with merchant logic and the actors' structuring effect are approached by a' systematical study in long run period. These localized organizations, around a convention of normal and intern unemployment, allow to question about rule production, collective learning and the reproduction of localized system. Taking account of irreversibility and efficiency wage hypothesis lead to consider the modality of passage from fixed rule game to variable rule gale, from labor demand paradigm in his opposite strides are studied under the angle of the double-bind theory and the critics of rational and self-fulfilling anticipations models
Andrés, Ruiz Carles de. "Energie éolienne et développement local : étude comparée sur les effets socio-économiques et territoriaux des parcs éoliens dans les espaces ruraux défavorisés de l'Europe." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO2016.
Full textGuérin, Frank. "Emergence de la quasi-organisation : le cas de la place portuaire." Le Havre, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LEHA0055.
Full textKOUASSI, CEMITE ANTOINE. "Systeme portuaire et transports maritimes en cote d'ivoire : quelle strategie pour le maintien de l'autonomie maritime nationale dans un transport maritime international en crise?" Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT4009.
Full textThe commercial control of the sea has become today a visible world wide competition which does not escape any developing coastal country in west africa. For that purpose, they have undertaken to develop and modernize their ports' infrastructures and the organization of their maritime transportation by acquiring their own national merchant shipping lines. Due to the continuance of the economical crisis, the international maritime environment has become increasingly uncertain. Then, the acute competition that has arisen from this, has consequences that threaten it's autonomy in this region. A new dependence on the foreign companies can lead these states into economic strangulation. The strategy to be adopted is not obvious, but they are aware of the fact that preservation of their national companies is a necessity
Lageiste, Jérôme. "Les ports de plaisance en Bretagne : protagonistes du développement touristique ?" Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040005.
Full textThe last thirty years over which yachting has developed have turned the coastline into an entertainement area. In brittany, a quasi-continuous nebula of marinas is now marking out the entire coastline. Conceived as enticing elements essential to the development of the sea-side resorts rather than as equipments meant to service the yacht men, the marinas are connected to the economic and touristic interests of the coastal breton communes. In spite of its wide scope, this development was controlled by no regional policy whatsoever. One might rather say that the marinas compelled recogfnition as structuring elements of the touristic development. The national policy of coastline development, very general in nature, and torn between respect fot the environment and support to economic development, has led to a hardly efficient set of rules which permits the local authorities to impose their choice of touristic development models
Serry, Arnaud. "La réorganisation portuaire de la Baltique orientale : l'émergence d'une nouvelle région en Europe." Le Havre, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130310.
Full textSince 1989, shipping and ports in the eastern Baltic Sea are restructuring to cope with the necessary adjustments stemming from the collapse of the USSR. Several questions are raised. How has port development been reacting to globalisation processes in the maritime industry? How have these developments affected the regional port system? An analysis of traffics and maritime circulation provides the definition of a specific port range. Because transports are heavily and intensively structuring the spaces and economies of Baltic shores, this port range participates to the emergence of new areas in a context of ongoing European integration. Thus, the Baltic Sea is characterised by an articulation of scales in which networking become a key element in the new regionalisation
Gardaix, Julien. "Géopolitique et risques de marée noire en Europe." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30087.
Full textOil spills in Europe have a particular visibility. Hydrocarbons pollution, spectacular and publicized, modifies the landscape in a brown color. Emotions are high and risks are nowadays unbearable. The European situation in the early 2000s provoked changes: social mobilization has forced political authorities to deal with these problems. Still, oil trades are essentials, they are one of the many “invisible” uses of oceans. All attention is concentrated to these areas because they provide most of hydrocarbon streams and became the way to expand economic globalization. In this network, the oil shipping has undergone an original and historical sedimentation. The oil industry was shaped by multiple shocks that changed the ownership of the resource. More than a banal ship accident, disasters have sophisticated political and economic causalities. This evolution affects the structure of oil shipping and the oil spills risks. With the establishment of markets, financial actors are inserted on the activity of shipping, a sector voluntarily abandoned by companies and oil states. The rejection of the fleet is the result of deliberate strategies. The international and European laws attempt to limit the negative effects of an unbalanced economic construction. The spatialization of these phenomenons highlights the marginalization of shipping and oil spills risks, despite the widespread use of coastal and marine areas
Schneider-Maunoury, Grégory. "Adéquation des sytèmes réglementaires et des stratégies d'entreprise dans la gestion des pollutions industrielles : une comparaison européenne : Pays-Bas, Allemagne, France." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32042.
Full textThe point of this dissertation is the relationship between firm and government in industrial pollution management. In a contractual perspective deducted from the agency theory this thesis enables to point out the incentive and control mechanisms of the firms by governments and their use by firms and to work out a general evolution scheme of these relationships towards a greater efficiency. From this conceptual model a comparison of three regulatory frameworks (covenant in the netherlands, emas in germany, "self-control" in france) has enabled to point out the strengthes and weaknesses of these frameworks and of their implementation in the firms and to suggest some improvements by the firm and by the government
Weigl, Mélanie. "Les mecanismes europeens de soutien au cinema." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010296.
Full textGauvry, Yoann. "L' exploitation minérale à la protohistoire ancienne dans la moitié nord de l'Europe : émergence d'un art mineur." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010568.
Full textHelleu, Boris. "Régulation des ligues sportives professionnelles, une approche géographique : le cas du football européen (1975-2005)." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL573.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to answer the following question : to what extent does the market of the professional football clubs trigger a lack of competitive balance ? Based on a crossed view between the geography of sports and the sport economics, this research deals with 18 domestic leagues and the European cups from 1975 to 2005. The results show that , in a context of commercialisation and deregulation of the activity, most of the big market teams strengthen their dominant position on a national as well as on a continental scale. Since sport experience is associated to the preservation of the uncertainty of outcome, such a report raises political issues : Does this phoenomenon correspond to reorganization of the parity which could lead to the creation of a closed league based on the North American model ?
Rouveyrollis-Roussel, Nicolas. "Etude et modélisation des prix sur les marchés de l'électricité en Europe." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1380.
Full textSince a dozen years, the structure of the energy trading in Europe was deeply restructured. In particular, since the adoption in December 1996 then in June 1998 of two historical directives, the European Union wished to set up a large domestic market of electricity and gas. Consequences of these directives, organized markets for long and short term are now a reality. Currently the modelling of the dynamic of spot and forward prices of electricity is a real challenge in the fields of quantitative finance. The research task which we concretize by this thesis is cut out according to the following structure:Towards the modeling of the price of electricity. Modelling spot price of electricity : the case of Powernext. Backtesting and empirical validation. Modeling of forward prices the case of EEX
Devolder, Daniel. "Cycles démographiques et cycles économiques de longue période dans les pays occidentaux : 15e-20e siècle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0019.
Full textIn search of long demographic-economic cycles by way of an analysis of demographic fluctuations and a synthesis of the works of historians and economists on economic fluctuations. We study two kind of cycles. First a thirty years fluctuation in West European birth time series for the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. We argue that their causes was the late age at marriage of women and, more fundamentally, a change in the agrarian structure of those societies. Second, we study a fifty years fluctuation in fertility time series of post industrial revolution societies which occurred in a striking parallelism with the Kondratieff economic cycle
Baier, Elisabeth Claudia. "Les entreprises multinationales dans les systèmes régionaux d'innovation : facteurs d'attraction et mécanismes d'intégration." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BAIER_Elisabeth_Claudia_2011.pdf.
Full textInternationalisation tendencies are increasingly observable for R&D functions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) impacting innovation strategies as well as knowledge generation in MNEs. Nonetheless, MNEs are still underrepresented in many theories of regional innovative activity. The present work is devoted to explain mutual influences between MNEs and regional innovation networks during innovation processes and thus to enhance the understanding of the role of MNEs in regional innovation systems. The spatial-temporal concept of embeddedness serves as analytical framework to integrate the multi-territoriality of corporate network structures and regional network structures. An analytical framework integrates different research perspectives and allows to analyses of the integration of MNEs in regional innovation networks through the identification of attraction factors and interaction mechanisms between regional and organisational learning. Due to the complexity a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods is chosen. The attractiveness of regions for MNEs is influenced by national framework conditions and regional patterns alike, highlighting the importance of vertical policy coordination. The development of tailored policy instruments for the attraction of FDI in R&D should be suitable to accommodate regional characteristics and organisational peculiarities. Managers from MNEs and regional actors can contribute to the development of durable relationships and support the integration of R&D functions of MNEs in regional innovation systems. Although MNEs are global actors with complex multilayered organisational structures that seem to defy the logic of embeddedness, corporate R&D functions can be territorially embedded to a certain degree without hampering corporate success and regional development perspectives
Internationalisierungstendenzen sind zunehmend für wissensintensive Unternehmensaktivitäten von multinationalen Unternehmen (MNU) wie beispielsweise Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) zu beobachten und beeinflussen spürbar die innovationsstrategien von MNU sowie die generierung von unternehmensrelevantem wissen. Jedoch sind MNU als wichtige forschungsobjekte in den arbeiten zur regionalen innovationsforschung immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Diese arbeit verfolgt daher das ziel, zum besseren verständnis der rolle der MNU in regionalen innovationssystemen beizutragen. Der ansatz der embeddedness dient hierbei als analytischer rahmen der multiterritorialität, der hilft, die unternehmenseigenen sowie die regionalen netzwerkstrukturen integriert zu erfassen. Ein für diese arbeit entworfener analytischer rahmen integriert die verschiedenen forschungsperspektiven und ermöglicht es, die integration von FuE-Einheiten von MNU in regionale innovationsnetzwerke zu untersuchen. Dabei wird der interaktion zwischen regionalem und organisationalem lernen besondere aufmerksamkeit geschenkt und die integrationsmechanismen und attrahierungspotenziale analysiert. Die attraktivität von regionen für MNU wird sowohl von nationalen rahmenbedingungen als auch von regionalen bedingungen beeinflusst, was die bedeutung der vertikalen politikkoordination unterstreicht. Die entwicklung von maßgeschneiderten politikinstrumenten, um regionen für ausländische direktinvestitionen attraktiv zu machen, sollte sowohl regionale eigenheiten als auch MNU-spezifische charakteristika berücksichtigen. Was wiederum bedeutet, das manager von MNU und regionale akteure gleichermaßen zur entwicklung von beiderseitig gewinnbringenden beziehungen beitragen können und so die integration von FuE-Einheiten von MNU in regionale innovationsnetzwerke unterstützen. Obwohl MNU globale akteure mit komplexen mehrschichtigen organisationsstrukturen sind und somit der logik der embeddedness auf den ersten blick zu widersprechen scheinen, können bestimmte unternehmenseinheiten – wie beispielsweise FuE-Einheiten – zu einem gewissen grad territorial eingebettet werden, ohne den unternehmenserfolg oder regionale entwicklungsperspektiven zu behindern
Costa, Nathalie. "Sociologie et économie de la culture dans une perspective de politique culturelle à l'échelle européenne." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100055.
Full textThis research gets itself organised into four distinct parts in the purpose to observe the behaviour of the individuals facing art and cultural goods. The first part analyses five cultural activities: cinema, television, books and reading, entertainment and discographic production, and plastic arts. This analyse is based on available statistics. The second part (sociology) tries to understand with several criterion the place and the reception of culture in our societies. Economics of culture (third part) turns its analyse into the nature of the goods and the formation of their value in the purpose to better understand the behaviour of the potential or real consummers. The determination of these goods as currency goods enable to determine better the approach of these specific goods. The last part (European cultural policies) is interested in cultural policies in the twelve countries of the Community. From what has been determined before, it seems that cultural policies could be similar to monetary policies. To conclude, we can observe that these goods stay as mystery and that their apprehension could create difficulties within an Europe which is only based on trade without preoccupation about culture which continues to specify these countries which must create an union. If it had to do it again, it would be necessary to think a plan for this Europe, a society plan directed toward cultural terms
Lagier, Claude. "Port Réunion, Spa Toamasina, Port Louis : vers l'émergence d'un pôle portuaire dans l'ouest de l'Océan Indien." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30027.
Full textThe West of the Indian Ocean, which stretches from Djibouti in the North and from Port Elizabeth (RSA) in the South, is witnessing tight competition between armaments and ports in order to control maritime traffic and port activity. This area has been marked historically namely by the French Companies of Messageries Maritimes, and the National Company Havraise Péninsulaire (NCHP). Today, Asian Armaments such as Evergreen, Cosco, Mol, etc. , as well as European ones such as Maersk, Msc, Cgm-Cma, etc. , cross as each attempts to make his move on the scene of maritime business. This area is also characterized by a considerable number of South African ports namely Durban – which is the most powerful in Africa – and the new deep-water port, COGEA (Ngqura) due to be operational by the end of 2007, as well as the ports of Mombasa (Kenya), Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania), and Djibouti – whose terminal has been conceded to Dubai Port World – DPW. Yet these ports are going through some difficulties – namely the congestion of terminals or the weakness of port infrastructures. This is why such ports as Mascarene, Port Louis, Reunion Port, and the port of Toamasina in Madagascar may well be a credible alternative and somehow seduce armaments that seek better productivity. However, in order to be attractive these ports need to suggest other activities that will add up to the traditional port services – i. E. Services related to ships and to merchandise. In fact, these three ports ought to set up a port pole that would have such activities as fishing, cruising, ship repair, and the creation of waterfronts
Guo, Haifeng. "Le Comportement des touristes chinois en Europe." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_guo.pdf.
Full textLately, more and more Chinese tourists travel in Europe and this market represents two main features: The high growth of business transactions and high consumption level of new customers. On the one hand, new Chinese customers allow to boost the European tourist market, but on the other hand that involve to include news unusual behaviours into behaviour models. In the first part, we analyze the general psychological, economic and socio-cultural methods then, we investigate theories of tourist behaviour and finally, we explain how models are inappropriate. In the second part and first, we show that the China tourism industry, then, we analyze the China tourism industry by qualitative methods and finally, we create a quantitative survey about Chinese tourists to Europe. In the third part, firstly, we analyze the behaviour of Chinese tourists to Europe. The survey data show us that the Chinese tourists to Europe has a lack of « real outbound travel experience », the weakness of foreign language, the sensitivity of price and a weak fidelity, the high consumption level with a impulsion in the purchase. Then, we create a suitable model to explain that behaviour is abnormal from the choice of travel agent, the choice of products and the high consumption, finally, we propound proposals to actors of the Chinese tourism market in Europe. These recommendations might contribute to increase knowledge of Chinese tourist’s behaviours
Daniel, Karine. "Politique agricole et localisation des activités dans l'Union européenne : une analyse en économie géographique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010042.
Full textGadhoum, Ahmed. "Etude des ports et des sites côtiers antiques de la côte orientale de la Tunisie : étude économique à partir des données archéologiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10001.
Full textSailleau, Arold. "Investissement direct étranger, compétitivité et ancrage territorial des activités économiques : le cas de l'Europe." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131047.
Full textAïnas, Yanis. "La libéralisation du marché du gaz naturel en Europe et ses répercussions en amont : le cas de l'Algérie." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131025.
Full textDominated by the integrated monopolies and the long-term contracts increasingly criticized. And relying on competition to improve both security of supply, competitiveness of European industry, service quality and reduced access to energy costs, members of the European Union decided to liberalized gas markets by adopting a series of Directive. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the procedures and regulations in place to ensure proper functioning of the European gas chain. From this, we will study the future of the organization of the gas market, the different variables that affect the long-term gas prices in Europe thanks to models Vectorial Error Correction (VECM) without forgetting the strategy of market actors, reorganization downstream gas and the emergence of new players. Finally, we analyze strategic approaches adopted by the Algerian national oil company, Sonatrach, historical supplier of the European gas market, following these important policy changes
Cauquil, Xavier. "La ville et l'entreprise aujourd'hui en Europe : conceptualisation et catégorisation des initiatives locales de développement économique." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30023.
Full textNikitsenka, Veselina. "Les enjeux de l'élargissement de l'Union européenne pour le transport de marchandises en Europe." Paris 12, 2007. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990004049680204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe 1 of may 2004 ten additional member states joined the European Union. The enlargement of Europe consists in opportunities but also in challenges for the economy in general and for the transport sector in particular. This research, based on the available litterature and the original inquiries in the countries among the administrations and the companies, tries to analyse the situation of the road goods transport market organization in the new member states. The work shows that even if the enlargement had firstly a large effect on the NMS, especially by growth of the changes, the western countries have also the consequences. The arrival on the transport market of the competitors with comparative advantages is perceived like a threat. The enlargement raises several important problems, in particular the absence of the harmonization in the european level. On the other hand, this event makes possible the new markets opportunities, especially for the powerful companies having larger possibilities of internationalization. If is reached an important stage of the transport market construction integrated in a european level where the companies must build their transport offer and develop their networks under the new conditions. The issue of the dissertation satisfies the needs of the National federation of the road transport, which hosted this project. Thus, an academic research can provide practical answers to a professional organisation about prospects and issues to be taken into account
Couliou, Jean-René. "Les ports de pêche hauturière de Bretagne méridionale : étude géographique de la mutation d'un système halieutique." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES1002.
Full textSouthern Brittany fishing harbours are faced with a painful transformation. Following space organization and several disruptions during two centuries, the fishermen and their organization have controlled the system during the last time of prosperity (1980-1990) based on large wet trawlers fishing, in contradiction with the industrial and trade dynamics, started in 19th century because of fish canning industry. South Brittany vessels have enjoyed considerable financial supports ; including national, regional and europen subsidies, and very favourable conditions from the credit maritime (the major fishermen bank), semi-industriel and artisanal investments became more and more important while the own capital stayed at a low level. So the shipowners have been heavily indebted when the landings dropped because of overfishing after 1985 and more strongly because of prices collapsus in 1993 and 1994. These years, violent operations took place, especially the sackages at rungis and the figthy demonstration in Rennes. Emergency measures had been taken in 1993 and 1994 for appeasement. Structural adaptations are however necessary to stabilize the fishery sector in a region highly dependent on fishing. Indeed the fishmarket commands now a new system. As the legislation (fleet capacity according to ressources and m. A. G. P. , european policy), it orders to the fishermen and harbours many changes. Structural adaptations try to save a main activity. The fleet and the number of fishermen decrease. Some companies have difficulties to complete their crews. The harbours built new infrastructures and imagine how it is possible to guarantee quality, to know the catches before landing. They also try to limit the effect of the distance between the fisheries and the market but the changes sacrify activity, entreprises and fishers who also lost a part of liberty. The spatial scheme is save but it is not so strong than the old arrangement
Hallaert, Jean-Jacques. "Intégration régionale et élargissement : analyse théorique et empirique des élargissements de l'Union européenne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0019.
Full textStarting on the observation that promotion of structural reforms has becomed one of the main objectives of the new regional trading agreements, the thesis tries to answer to the three questions that raised an analysis of enlargements: why, to which country and how to enlarge? Governments try to use the regional integration as a mean to promote the difficult structural reforms and, at the same time, to reduce their (political) adjustment costs. These two conflicting objectives are leading to the will to a minimisation of the costs instead of a maximisation of the potential economical gains. In the case of enlargement, this implies a preference given to similar countries in the choice of the future partners and by the use of numerous transitional periods. This attitude has economical consequences especially on the quality of the ressources allocation, of the specialisation and on the speed of the structural changes. Concerning the economical motivations for an enlargement, it is argueed that those of countries applying for membership are clear but that those of the member states are not. In the latter case, motivations are mainly political. But it does not mean that economical aspects have no role to play: an enlargement wished for political reasons will only be achieved if it does not involve economical costs juged as too high. The different ideas expressed in the thesis are applyed. Fist by analysing the 1995 enlargement of the European Union. Second, the big differences of the eu attitudes depending on the facts that the candidate is a rich country of efta or a poor one from Central and Eastern Europe are explained. Third, a sectoral analysis of shipbuilding is made
Salles, Jérémy. "Economie politique du principe de subsidiarité." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32043.
Full textToday, Europe is a political, juridical and economic reality. In this new institutional organization, one important question is the vertical repartition of competencies between EU and the Member States. The principle of Subsidiarity is the legal framework of this repartition. However, this legal framework can be better if we use jointly an economical perspective. This search is built on three distinct parts. The first part presents the different aspects of subsidiarity: economic, political and juridical. In the second part, we show the European reality of this principle at the political and juridical side. This part presents the limits of the application of this principle and points the weakness of the European model of constitutional justice on the specific question of repartition of competences. After, we propose a practical model of subsidiarity with an economic toolbox. This model offers a better application of subsidiarity in the vertical repartition of competences. In the third part of this search, we focus on the last French constitutional reform and we ask the compatibility between the French Model of organization and the application of the principle of subsidiarity as a juridical tool of vertical repartition
Dubet, Éric. "L'economie de l'industrie cinematographique en europe." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0054.
Full textThe omnipresence of the state in the european film world, in view of the criticisms it raises, now leads us to ponder over its origin - why was a system of public aids introduced ? we intend to examine this issue through two domains of investigation - those of public goods and those of merit goods. We will then see, by interfering in the production of full-length films, that authorities cannot only seek to make up for a deficient market, but also to correct individual preferences, mainly in a cultural perspective. However, the problem of public support does not stop at these arguments only. The state also intervenes because cinema is in a state of crisis. In order to understand better this established fact - save if we study in detail the network - one may refer to the analyses putting in relation technical progress and long waves. Then one can discover that is television, born during the phase of difficulties of the interwar years and extended to the entire society during the phase of prosperity of the after-war, which has led cinema to its present problems. However, with recent technologies contributing towards the multiplication of broadcasting channels and, consequently, generate new openings and financings, it seems that a change in the situation is conceivable. Besides, aware of the irreversibility of the current changes, film-making companies often choose to work in collaboration with broadcasters. For the time being, it is nevertheless essential to restore the competitiveness of our full-length films, but also of all our fiction films, subject to an international competition driven to its height. Indisputably, european cinema is a cultural sector in crisis with must be supported by the authorities and, in this ever changing world of the image, one must adopt specific strategies in order to be able to keep on existing culturally and economically
Blanc, Nicolas. "L'eau et l'intégration européenne : essai sur le temps, l'espace et les stratégies des acteurs." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21012.
Full textSpassova, Vesselina. "Quel mécanisme de mise en oeuvre pour le droit de la concurrence en Europe ? : limites de la mise en oeuvre privée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32053.
Full textThe present work evaluates some of the propositions included in the project of the European Commission to promote private enforcement of competition law in the European Union. Those propositions have been recently summarized in the Commission’s “White paper on damages actions for breach of EC antitrust rules” (2008). Our evaluation relies on the traditional tools of the economic analysis of law. We first compare the two mechanisms of public and private law enforcement and the aptitude of each of them to serve the specific aims of competition law. We point out that private enforcement, and the compensation for the victims which is associated to it, creates perverse incentives and is hard to implement due to the difficulties in identifying the victims and their respective damages. We argue that sanction based on compensatory damages is inefficient from the perspective of an optimal deterrence and likely to result in over or under deterrence and higher social cost. The combination of private and public enforcement in a mixed enforcement system being at the heart of the Commission’s propositions, we then analyze the Unites States experience with the mixed enforcement of antitrust laws. We show that mixed enforcement led to unpredictable and inconsistent cumulated sanctions and inefficient deterrence. The second drawback of the mixed system is to create a bias in favor of a private action which follows, instead of replaces, a government action, therefore increasing enforcement costs without increasing the level of detection. Additionally, this system exacerbates the problem of suits without merit and creates the opportunity for the plaintiffs to free-ride on government enforcement. With the help of a simple strategic model, we show that the European system is likely to generate mostly follow-on private suits, if any, and that the legal provisions contained in the White paper can hardly “filter out” suits without merit
Fiore, Karine. "Industrie nucléaire et gestion du risque d'accident en Europe : du défaut d'internalisation à l'organisation de la couverture." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32064.
Full textThe production of nuclear energy creates environmental and sanitary risks among which the risk of nuclear accident. There is a twofold dimension in the management of such a risk: a preventive dimension and a compensatory one. Given its catastrophic and unpredictable character, the nuclear risk has always been managed in a specific way. In Europe, its management is unsatisfactory. The civil liability regime is beneficial to the nuclear industry as it leads to a lack of internalisation and thus to a limited coverage of potential damages. The financial cap of the nuclear operator's civil liability reduces his incentives for the prevention of accidents. By narrowing its liability, it also limits the burden tied to the coverage of the full potential damages. The organisation of the nuclear risk coverage was heavily conditioned by the civil liability regime and the financial cap it creates. Such an organisation is inefficient. The nuclear insurance market's financial capacity is not enough to compensate for all the potential victims of a major nuclear accident. Moreover, the functioning of this market is quite costly for the nuclear operator. While new electronuclear projects are being launched in Europe, the management of nuclear risks must be questioned in order to find better solutions to the necessity of internalising, preventing and compensating. Nuclear operators should be responsible for all the damages caused through an unlimited liability rule. The coverage of potential damages could also be improved by setting up a risk-sharing agreement at the European scale between operators
Le, Roux David. "Les enjeux de la traduction dans une Europe plurilingue." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIL281.
Full textEurope may have fewer languages than other continents, but it remains highly multilingual at all levels. The European Union even runs the largest language services in the world, working today in 23 official languages. At the level of states, a translation activity can be observed among institutions too. Spain is an interesting example of it because it has six regions where four languages other than the national one are equally official: Basque, Catalan, Galician and Aranese. Besides international relationships and migrations, the Spanish state must therefore manage this autochthonous multilingualism. In the officially multilingual regions, there are also institutional translation units that can be compared to Brittany’s. Indeed the Regional Council of Brittany has recently established a language policy for Breton and Gallo. These institutional translation and interpretation units are an adequate field to study the activity. The system is regularly criticised because of its cost. But what are really those costs? And what can justify them? How does the service benefit institutions, elected representatives and citizens and why should this be defended through translation? This is how the ins and outs of translation will be accounted for in the present thesis. It results in distinguishing economic, sociolinguistic, glottopolitical and political stakes to which translation brings an invaluable contribution
Guerrero, David. "Les aires d'influence des ports de la France : entre réseau et gravitation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00549266.
Full textNdjambou, Léandre Edgard. "Le transport maritime dans le cadre de la relation entre la France et les pays membres de la Conférence ministérielle des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre (CMEAOC/TM)." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30057.
Full textFrench maritime and commercial relation with its former west- african colonies is ruled by co-operation agreements concluded in the days follwing the independences. Yet, with the creation of the united nations conference on commerce and development in 1964, international talks were entered into with a view to set up a + good conduct code for the conferences ; (1974). Consequently, the advancement of the european integration brougth the eec countries to define the guiding principles of their seaspace managament through a series of rules published in 1986. Since 1994, a world trade organisation has finally been created. Our research work is aimed at taking stock of the evolution of the french martime and commercial relations with its oac partners inside the great flow of international trade liberalization begun with the setting-up of the gatt
Poupaux, Sandrine. "Performances économiques et transformations du secteur sportif dans les pays est-européens : une contribution à l'économie du sport." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010049.
Full textMayet, Céline. "Les aspects économiques du processus juridique d'adhésion des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale à l'Union Européenne." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33040.
Full textJonveaux, Isabelle. "L'économie des monastères : recomposition d'une utopie dans la modernité religieuse en comparaison européenne." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0116.
Full textMonastic utopia integrates of necessity economic activities which it tries to deny because off it religious character. Monks spread then an arsenal of strategies of reorganization to reconcile economy and religious life. These tensions between work and prayer are essential of the monastic life, but modernity and secularization of society bring with them new data who require monks a more successful economy. The social background which defines the status of the monk depends on each country, and the European comparison between France, Italy, Germany and Belgium allows to determine the intrinsic characteristics of the monastic economy and those which are contingent, according to place and period in whom it takes place. The more the monks seem extraworldly, the more their products win in symbolic value, so building a charismatic economy. Although in theory outside the world, the monastery is not nevertheless hermetic to its outside environment. Even, we can observe offers and demands between society and monasteries, this last one answers to demands of tradition and natural which society is expecting. Role of monks in the religious modernity thus recomposes around a new charisma which is not only religious. Unlike to the institutional Church, monks keep more credibility thanks to the other canals of communications which they can develop with the world, in particular by economy