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Olofsson, Richard. "Portfolio Optimization : Constructing portfolios by combining investment strategies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164096.
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I detta arbete tillämpas en metod för att erhålla en optimal kombination av portföljer som följer olika investeringsstrategier. Detta görs genom att använda en datamängd av historiska stängningspriset för olika typer av värdepapper. Resultatet blir ett urval av totalt 58 olika portföljer vars optimala kombinationer med avseende på riskbenägenhet utvärderas med tre olika riskmått. Det huvudsakliga resultatet presenterat i denna uppsats är den optimala kombinationen för era olika strategier beroende på riskbenägenhet. Portföljavkastning och risken är även utvärderad för sex olika investeringshorisonter, från ett år till totalt tretton år. Det visas att conditional value at risk jämförd med varians och mean absolute deviation resulterar i högre diversi ering. Det visas även att e ekter av tidsdiversi ering har stor negativ påverkan av risken i relation till avkastning.In this work a method for nding the optimal portfolio diversi cation among a set of nite investment strategies is applied. This is done by implementing a simulation method for a data set of historical daily closing prices for di erent types of securities. This results in a total of 58 di erent portfolios for which the optimal combinations in regard to risk propensity is evaluated using three di erent risk measures. The main result of this thesis is the optimal combination of these strategies for several di erent risk propensities. The portfolio returns and risk is also evaluated for six di erent investment horizons, ranging from one year to a maximum thirteen years. It is shown that conditional value at risk compared to variance and mean absolute deviation o ers greater diversi cation. It is also shown that e ects of time diversi cation greatly reduces risk in relation to returns.
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Žilinskij, Grigorij. "Investment portfolio solutions." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130129_192449-58952.
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The dissertation analyses the topic and problems of selection and management of investment portfolio in terms of market dynamics. The global financial crisis has revealed that investments bear not only return possibilities but also a relatively high risk of loss.
The main aim of the Thesis is to propose and test empirically investment portfolio selection and management solutions matching the tendencies of modern markets for the investors with different investing preferences.
The Doctoral Thesis consists of the introduction, three body chapters and conclusions.
The introduction presents the scientific problem, its relevance, the object of the research, the aim and tasks of the research, methods of research, scientific novelty of the Thesis, practical significance of its results and defended statements.
The first chapter provides analysis of possibilities for a widely diversified investment portfolio selection. The study of proposals of scientists on different assets combining into an investment portfolio is carried out. Portfolio of exchange traded funds is created and its efficiency is evaluated. The method for actually incurred risk evaluation is suggested.
Solutions for active investment portfolio management with financial leverage are specified in the second chapter. The changes of efficient set of portfolios and expediency of active portfolio management with financial leverage are evaluated. Forecasts integration method, based on prediction accuracy in the past, is... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjama investicijų portfelio sudarymo ir valdymo rinkų dinamikos sąlygomis problematika. Globali finansų krizė parodė, kad investuojant atsiranda ne tik uždarbio galimybės, bet ir gana didelė praradimų rizika. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas – pasiūlyti ir empiriškai aprobuoti šiuolaikinių rinkų dinamikos iššūkius atitinkančius investicijų portfelio sudarymo ir valdymo sprendimus skirtingus investavimo polinkius turintiems investuotojams. Daktaro disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai ir bendrosios išvados. Įvade suformuluojama mokslinė darbo problema, pagrindžiamas jos aktualumas, įvardijamas tyrimo objektas, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, pristatoma tyrimo metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas ir gautų rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, įvardijami ginamieji teiginiai. Pirmajame skyriuje nagrinėjamos plačiai diversifikuoto investicijų portfelio sudarymo galimybės. Įvertinami mokslininkų pasiūlymai dėl skirtingų aktyvų (investicinio turto klasių) įtraukimo į investicijų portfelį, sudarytas biržoje prekiaujamų fondų portfelis ir įvertintas jo efektyvumas. Pasiūlytas investuotojo realiai patirtos rizikos vertinimo metodas. Antrajame skyriuje detalizuoti aktyvaus investicijų portfelio valdymo taikant finansinį svertą sprendimai. Įvertinti efektyviosios portfelių ribos pokyčiai bei aktyvaus portfelio valdymo taikant finansinį svertą tikslingumas. Pasiūlytas prognozavimo tikslumu praeityje paremtas prognozių integravimo metodas ir įvertintas jo efektyvumas integruojant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Khayat, Sahar. "Developing countries' foreign direct investment and portfolio investment." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38031.
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This thesis is a collection of three empirical essays on foreign direct investment and cross-border portfolio investment. The objective of the first essay entitled: “Oil and the Location Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in MENA Countries” is to investigate the effect of oil as a proxy for natural resources and the main location determinants of foreign direct investment. Moreover, this paper examines whether oil as a proxy for natural resources in the host countries alters the relationship between natural resources and institutional quality. The result of the interaction, which is the key interest in this chapter, is robust and undermines the effects of investment profiles on IFDI. Paying particular attention to the degree of outward FDI concentration in developing countries and transition economies, the second essay is titled “Extending Dunning's Investment Development Path (IDP): Home Country Determinants of Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Developing Countries.” The aim of the empirical estimates provided in this paper is to investigate the home countries’ determinants of outward FDI from developing countries. Results from the paper support the OLI paradigm, the IDP theory. In the third essay, “Cross-Border Portfolio Investment from the Developing Economies and the Top Major Partners, using the Gravity Model”, I have applied a new approach to a new panel data set of bilateral gross cross-border investment flows between 37 developing countries and 79 host countries. The remarkably strong results have positive implications for the theory of asset trade. The main result suggests that the positive and significant coefficient of GDP per capita in a destination country can explain a significant part of the Lucas paradox, and supports the reason for developing capital being invested outside the region. Interestingly, geographical proximity is found to exert a significant positive influence on assets in order that investors may seek to diversify their portfolios.
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Gökkent, Giyas M. "Theory of foreign portfolio investment." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3986.
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Vontobel, Rachel. "Foreign Portfolio Investment in Vietnam A Review of Investment Conditions and Implications for Investment Promotion /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03600905002/$FILE/03600905002.pdf.
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Shyriaieva, N. V., and A. Makarenko. "Portfolio diversification on a global scale." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/43341.
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The research is aimed to analyze different types of portfolios and identify the one with the lowest level of risk. The first portfolio included US and EU securities. The other one studies crypto currency impact on portfolio riskiness.
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Musilika, Oskar. "Long term portfolio construction." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20977.
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Financial analyst commonly advice individual investors with a long investment horizon to invest in portfolios comprised more of equities. This advice is usually coupled with the practice of shifting the investor's portfolio from risky asset holdings towards bonds and cash as the investor's target date gets closer. This view rests on the notion that equities tend to be less risky over the long horizon and that stock returns exhibit mean reversion overtime. The purpose of this dissertation is to find the optimal asset allocation over various investment horizons; and investigate how the optimal asset allocation changes over the long investment horizon. The study uses data from South Africa's financial market covering the period December 2001 to December 2014. The mean - variance framework generated the optimal asset allocation over 12 investment horizons. The study finds that, over 90 percent of the portfolio should be vested into fixed - income South African bonds, with little over 5 percent equities allocation, over longer investment periods. In addition, the study found evidence of time diversification on the JSE all shares index and the presence of mean reversion properties for the all s hares index. With these conclusions, implications and recommendations are suggested
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Drut, Bastien. "Socially responsible investment and portfolio selection." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209829.
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This thesis aims at determining the theoretical and empirical consequences of the consideration of socially responsible indicators in the traditional portfolio selection. The first chapter studies the significance of the mean-variance efficiency loss of a sovereign bond portfolio when introducing a constraint on the average socially responsible ratings of the governments. By using a sample of developed sovereign bonds on the period 1995-2008, we show that it is possible to increase sensibly the average socially responsible rating without significantly losing in terms of diversification. The second chapter proposes a theoretical analysis of the impact on the efficient frontier of a constraint on the socially responsible ratings of the portfolio. We highlight that different cases may arise depending on the correlation between the expected returns and the socially responsible ratings and on the investor’s risk aversion. Lastly, as the issue of the efficiency of socially responsible portfolios is a central point in the financial literature, the last chapter proposes a new mean-variance efficiency test in the realistic case where there is no available risk-free asset.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ryba, Jan. "Investiční portfolio a jeho tvorba." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443142.
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The task of the thesis is to elaborate on investment opportunities, wchich are described in detail and to determine the ideal portfolio, that will be financed by dollar-cost averaging. The main investments include stocks, bonds, precious metals, mutual funds and more. Subsequently, the state of individual investments, their opportunities, but also the risks associated with them will be evaluated.
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Eftekhari, Babak. "Essays on risk and portfolio management." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363958.
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Meave-Flores, Gerardo 1953. "Investment portfolio analysis: Energy and gold-minerals." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291766.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact that a sample of securities blended together would have upon the variance of the expected returns of an energy and a gold-minerals portfolio. A framework based on the Markowitz model, but solved linearly, has been constructed in which the optimal weight of each security in its respective portfolio is determined in order to minimize variance given the expected portfolio returns. The data elaborated for each stock (price, return and dividend) were on an annual basis for a period of 16 years and are the basis from which the projections of both the energy and the gold-minerals portfolio expected returns were derived. The results show that the variance in both portfolios is considerable, because stocks as a group show co-movement, meaning that stocks tend to do well or poorly as a group.
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Leus, D. "The advantages of the investment portfolio diversification." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26651.
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Lohman, Pontus. "Portfolio investment strategy based on Twitter sentiment." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136679.
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This paper investigates if it is possible to create a portfolio investment strategy by looking at the sentiment (i.e. are they positive or negative) of twitter data for ten companies, five IT companies and five fashion companies. 764 340 tweets were collected during the study which spanned 60 trading days, and of those tweets, 483 946 where from the IT companies and the rest from the fashion companies. The tweets were collected in a Python program using Twitters API, and then analyzed and classified in another Python program using three different Naive Bayes classifiers that had been trained on a training set consisting of positive and negative text. The sentiment results were then used to create two different portfolios where one was based solely on sentiment and the other one was a combination of sentiment and market capitalization, the ratio used was determined by testing. Those portfolios were then compared against a market capitalization portfolio and a Sharpe portfolio. I found that for the IT companies the portfolio based solely on sentiment performed decently, but was the worst of the four portfolios. The combination portfolio performed well and when comparing it to the Sharpe portfolio and the market capitalization portfolio, it might even be the preferable strategy depending on the investor’s appetite for risk as it had the highest ratio between return and standard deviation. For the fashion companies the sentiment portfolio performed very poorly. The combination portfolio performed decently, but that was only because it consisted mainly (85%) of the market capitalization portfolio which performed the best of all strategies and thereby “saving” the combination portfolio. The poor performance of the sentiment portfolio for the fashion companies might in part be explained by the fact that there were almost twice as many tweets for the IT companies, making the sentiment less accurate and less reliable for the fashion companies when compared to sentiment of the IT companies. It might also be that there is more irrelevant stuff being tweeted about when it comes to the fashion companies, causing the sentiment portfolio to performworse.
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Liu, Shibo. "Statistical inference and efficient portfolio investment performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15185.
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Two main methods have been used in mutual funds evaluation. One is portfolio evaluation, and the other is data envelopment analysis (DEA). The history of portfolio evaluation dates from the 1960s with emphasis on both expected return and risk. However, there are many criticisms of traditional portfolio analysis which focus on their sensitivity to chosen benchmarks. Imperfections in portfolio analysis models have led to the exploration of other methodologies to evaluate fund performance, in particular data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a non-parametric methodology for measuring relative performance based on mathematical programming. Based on the unique characteristics of investment trusts, Morey and Morey (1999) developed a mutual funds efficiency measure in a traditional mean-variance model. It was based on Markowitz portfolio theory and related the non-parametric methodologies to the foundations of traditional performance measurement in mean-variance space. The first application in this thesis is to apply the non-linear programming calculation of the efficient frontier in mean variance space outlined in Morey and Morey (1999) to a new modern data set comprising a multi-year sample of investment funds. One limitation of DEA is the absence of sampling error from the methodology. Therefore the second innovation in this thesis extends Morey and Morey (1999) model by the application of bootstrapped probability density functions in order to develop confidence intervals for the relative performance indicators. This has not previously been achieved for the DEA frontier in mean variance space so that the DEA efficiency scores obtained through Morey and Morey (1999) model have not hitherto been tested for statistical significance. The third application in this thesis is to examine the efficiency of investment trusts in order to analyze the factors contributing to investment trusts' performance and detect the determinants of inefficiency. Robust-OLS regression, Tobit models and Papke-Wooldridge (PW) models are conducted and compared to evaluate contextual variables affecting the performance of investment funds. From the thesis, new and original Matlab codes designed for Morey and Morey (1999) models are presented. With the Matlab codes, not only the results are obtained, but also how this quadratic model is programming could be very clearly seen, with all the details revealed.
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Patel, Sunaina Kilachand. "An analysis of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment into developing countries." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1347648507.
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Costa, Jorge Filipe Baptista da. "Portfolio Insurance : a comparison of alternative investment strategies." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10260.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste estudo realiza uma comparação entre as estratégias mais populares de Portfolio Insurance, através da Simulação de Monte Carlo. Este trabalho tem como objectivo definir a melhor estratégia através de diversas comparações e dar um contributo para resolver algumas divergências na literatura. A maioria das comparações realizadas anteriormente não têm em consideração todas as estratégias presentes neste estudo e esta análise pretende acrescentar algumas conclusões relevantes. As estratégias OBPI, CPPI e SLPI são avaliadas através dos momentos da distribuição, rácios de desempenho (Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, Omega ratio e Upside Potential ratio) e dominâncias estocásticas nas diversas condições de mercado representadas pelo activo subjacente que segue um movimento Browniano geométrico. De forma a ter uma compreensão da realidade dos mercados financeiros, as estratégias também são aplicadas a três dos maiores índices de acções. Concluímos que as estratégias CPPI 1 e SLPI devem ser preferidas em todos os cenários devido aos elevados rácios de desempenho, elevadas rendibilidades esperadas e a outras medidas. A escolha entre as duas estratégias é feita com base nas preferências do investidor ou gestor, mas também concluímos que a estratégia CPPI 1 domina estocásticamente, a segunda e terceira ordem, todas as restantes estratégias em cenários de mercado bear. De acordo com os resultados obtidos podemos afirmar que um floor de 100% deve ser escolhido devido aos resultados dos rácios de desempenho, rendibilidades esperadas e outras medidas. Esta comparação permite melhorar a eficiência da tomada de decisão de um investidor ou gestor num investimento de Portfolio Insurance.
This study makes a comparison between the most popular strategies of Portfolio Insurance based on Monte Carlo simulation. This work aims to define the best strategy at comparing different strategies and provide a contribution to solving some divergences in literature. Most of the previous comparisons do not take into consideration all the strategies discussed in this study and this analysis intends to add some relevant findings. The OBPI, CPPI and SLPI strategies are evaluated in terms of moments of the distribution, performance ratios (Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, Omega ratio and Upside Potential ratio) and stochastic dominance in different market conditions represented by an underlying asset that follows a geometric Brownian motion. In order to have a perception of a real situation in financial markets, the strategies are later also applied to three major stock indices. We find that CPPI 1 and SLPI strategies should be preferred in all scenarios according to the higher performance ratios, the higher expected returns and other measures. The choice between them is based on the preferences of the investor or manager, but we also find that the CPPI 1 strategy stochastically dominates, on second and third order, the others strategies in bear market scenarios. From our results we can state that a value of 100% for the floor should be preferred in terms of performance ratios, expected returns and other measures. This comparison allows improving the efficiency of decision making of an investor or manager in a Portfolio Insurance investment.
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Sato, Takeshi 1972. "Portfolio-based infrastructure investment strategy for railroad company." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8419.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-128).
Project based capital investment planning for developing a railroad company's infrastructure facilities does not necessarily allow managers the optimal use of their limited capital resources, because such planning simply focuses on the required cash spending and expected return from the single project. A portfolio based investment strategy aims at increasing or maximizing the value of a company's set of ground facilities, i.e., infrastructure portfolio, through quantifying the impact of strategic investments on the value of a portfolio. This study makes two approaches to the measurement of the value of infrastructure portfolios and the effect of strategic investments. First, strategic investments are considered to add certain economic values to a company, which can be interpreted as residual returns from the portfolio after rewarding its investors. Then, the value of the portfolio is analogous to that of a stock price and its dividend yield. Second, the value of a portfolio can be maximized through finding optimal strategic investment timings and its amounts. Real options approach makes use of the concept of financial option pricing as capital budgeting techniques, and it allows a company to incorporate the value of managerial flexibility in its infrastructure portfolio.
by Takeshi Sato.
S.M.
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Yamashita, Takashi. "Housing as an asset in portfolio decisions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9949688.
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Catanas, Fernando Jorge de Lyz Girou Rodrigues. "Heuristics for the dynamic portfolio problem." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322226.
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Zims, Luděk. "Investiční portfolio a jeho tvorba." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414479.
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The aim of this master thesis is to create investing stock portfolio using value screening, money aggregate MZM and stock prices of chosen companies. Funding is realized by Dollar-cost averaging method. First part introduces reader to stocks and its place at financial market. Afterwards comes introduction to investments and applied Dollar-cost averaging method and authors customisations of this method. Final part contains results of customised Dollar-cost averaging method and suggestion for its usage at financial market.
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Van, Dyk Francois. "Portfolio diversification index as a measure to improve investment portfolio performance / Francois van Dyk." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4193.
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Diversification is one of the three most prominent elements of portfolio management with risk and return being the other two. In addition, diversification is a core objective for combining assets and is a central tenet of portfolio construction. It is also widely known that diversification is concerned with the number of unrelated sources of return and in essence the aim of diversification is to eliminate unsystematic risk from an investment portfolio while systematic risk will remain as it can not be diversified away. This study focuses on the concept of diversification in an investment portfolio setting, while specifically investigating a relatively "new" diversification measure, the Portfolio Diversification Index (PDI).
The objectives of this study are twofold. First, establishing whether or not the PDI is a good diversification measure compared to the conventional/traditional and widely used residual variance method. The traditional method of measuring diversification remains inexact as this method measures portfolio diversification relative to a market index. When the market index itself is, however, poorly or not appropriately diversified it becomes problematic as the diversification measurement of the residual variance method is influenced. The PDI is a diversification measurement concept which is essentially free from the influences of the overall market index. This relatively "new" measure of diversification, the PDI, is based on the number of independent factors observed in a portfolio. These independent factors are quantified using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). In ascertaining the first objective the PDI battles "head-to-head" against the residual variance method of diversification by comparing fund ranking results of five South African unit trusts. This method of testing is used as no suitable statistical method exists. The fund ranking results of the two diversification measures are compared to a number of risk performance measures, including the Sharpe- and Sortino ratios. Extensive use is also made of the Omega ratio in this study as the Omega emerges as the dominant risk performance measure.
The second objective of this study is to determine whether the PDI can be used as a tool by fund managers to assist in constructing funds (or changing the composition of existing fund) to reduce (or minimise) portfolio risk without a concomitant reduction in portfolio return. The PDI is used to determine the most independent factors of a South African unit trust where after' this fund is optimised, using the information of the independent factors, in order to reduce the risk of this fund. The Omega ratio is used to evaluate the results of the PDI while the marginal portfolio diversification concept is also investigated.
A thorough literature study also presents the most relevant and important concepts and topics of the theory, management and construction of portfolios. Throughout the literature study the concept of diversification along with the topics most relevant to diversification are extensively focused and elaborated on.
The method of testing used not only confirms that the PDI is a good diversification measure compared to the residual variance method, but that the PDI can also be used as a tool when constructing (or changing the composition of an existing portfolio) in order to reduce the portfolio risk without a concomitant reduction in portfolio return.Thesis (M.Com. (Risk Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Nadarajah, Prashanthi Banking & Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Top management turnover: an empirical examination of changes in portfolio holdings and investment performance." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Banking and Finance, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19356.
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This thesis presents two research projects examining the relationship between top management turnover (i.e. investment directors of funds management firms) and the performance of actively managed Australian institutional funds. Khorana (1996, 2001) studies this relationship from purely a performance perspective using U.S. managed funds. This thesis extends the work of Khorana (1996, 2001) by providing investors and other stakeholders with empirical evidence on performance, sources of performance and the dynamics of portfolios in the pre-and-post replacement periods. This issue is significant given the importance of executive management in the implementation of the institution's investment strategy, the sizeable assets under their control, as well as the overall success and profitability of the funds management operation. In addition, investors, asset consultants, managed fund ratings agencies and the financial media devote significant resources in scrutinizing the performance, organizational activities, leadership and human capital of investment management firms. Accordingly, the first research project examines the impact of performance and fund flow activity on top management turnover in both the pre-and-post replacement periods. The research documents that turnover of underperforming investment managers results in significantly higher performance in the post-replacement period, while turnover coinciding with outperforming managers delivers investors significantly lower returns (risk-adjusted). The evidence also identifies significant changes in portfolio risk associated with managerial turnover. Finally, the study finds that underperforming investment managers exhibit significantly lower fund flows prior to replacement. The second research project represents the first rigorous analysis of top management turnover with respect to monthly portfolio holdings for a sample of actively managed Australian equity funds. An examination of the dynamics of portfolios surrounding both the departure and the arrival dates of investment managers provides a finer decomposition in understanding investment performance, the sources of value added and the extent to which momentum strategies are executed both pre-and-post the turnover event. Accordingly, the study examines a manager's success or failure depending on 'winner' and 'loser' stock holdings, portfolio turnover, reliance on momentum strategies, variation in portfolio risk, stock preferences and fund flows for underperforming versus outperforming investment directors in the pre-and-post replacement periods. The research also documents that new investment managers of previously underperforming portfolios exhibit superior stock-selections skills in the post-replacement period, therefore reversing the portfolio's previously poor performance. The study finds that new investment managers liquidate 'loser' stocks (i.e. cleaning out the portfolio) as well as decreasing the portfolio's concentration (i.e. increases the portfolio's diversification and lowering tracking error). The results also indicate that underperforming investment managers in the pre-replacement period exhibit a preference for larger stocks (i.e. more liquid stocks with greater relative benchmark weights in the index), growth-oriented securities and a preference towards riding past period winners (i.e. following momentum strategies), however they are unable to successfully select and exploit momentum stocks. On the other hand, incoming managers of underperforming portfolios in the pre-replacement period do not show any particular stock size preference. The study also shows these managers prefer growth stocks, do not rely on momentum strategies, and yet still display superior returns in the post-replacement period. The study also documents that new investment managers of previously outperforming portfolios are unable to replicate the performance of the previous head of equities. In terms of stock preferences related to superior performing portfolios, the results show that departing investment managers prefer larger stocks and select stocks based on momentum strategies. On the other hand, incoming investment managers have a greater preference for smaller stocks, are less reliant on momentum strategies and prefer more volatile securities, however, these strategies do not provide superior returns relative to the pre-replacement period.
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White, Derek Ronald. "Compensation design, incentives, and the portfolio manager /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Weber, Sebastian. "Selektionskriterien beim Investment in aktive US-Aktienfonds /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989217337/04.
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List, Hans-Fredo. "Limited risk arbitrage investment management." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8651.
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Ahlvar, Mathias, and Fredrik Berg. "Investment companies as an investment – Could a person without experience from investments bee helped by the active ownership of investment companies?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152601.
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In this essay we have been studying the development of investment companies that is traded at Mid Cap and Large Cap at the Stockholm stock market. We took out five investment companies at random from the mentioned markets above. We used these companies as benchmarking for the study. To measure the development we looked at the change in the stock price and the total yield over the given time period, we then compared these to three random portfolios of 8 stocks each and the index called Six-Return index. All the companies in the random portfolios have another type of owner structure and lack Investment Company as a big owner. Those companies have a more divided ownership. In the essay we also look at the yield with consideration to the risk that is taken in the given investment in forms of Sharpe ratio and standard deviation for each portfolio. To get some extra insight we have interviewed Investor AB and Investment AB Latour. Both companies are leading investment companies in Sweden. The time period for the essay is 10 years and is stretching from 2004-01-01 until 2014-01-01. The results from the paper are that investment companies in general had a higher yield then the index and portfolios that was used as comparison. The results for the investment companies are better in terms of change in stock price and in yield but also with the consideration of the risk. The explanation of the results lies in several variables where the active ownership of the investment companies is the major part of the explanation and net asset discount together with the high dividend is another part. With these result investment companies is supposedly a very good investment for t hose that can’t beat the market, which would mean a great deal of all investors.I denna uppsats studeras utvecklingen hos investmentbolag som handlas via Stockholmsbörsen på Mid Cap och Large Cap. Fem investmentbolag slumpades fram ifrån dessa listor och har sedan använts som jämförelsebolag. För att mäta deras utveckling har vi studerat kursförändringen samt totalavkastningen och jämfört dessa med slumpmässiga portföljer samt SIX Return index. De slumpmässiga portföljerna består av bolag utan något investmentbolag som större huvudägare. Detta resulterar i att de flesta bolagen i slumpportföljerna har ett mer splittrat ägande. I uppsatsen undersöker vi även avkastningen med hänsyn till risk i form av Sharpekvoter och standardavvikelse för varje portfölj. För att få en extra insyn i investmentbolagen har vi intervjuat Investor AB samt Investment AB Latour som är två ledande investmentbolag i Sverige. Studien tittar på en tidsperiod om 10 år mellan 2004-01-01 och 2014- 01-01. Det resultat som framkommit under studien är att investmentbolagen generellt sett har avkastat bättre än sina finansiella jämförelseobjekt. Detta med avseende på kursförändring och totalavkastning men även med hänsyn till risk. Förklaringen till detta ligger i ett antal variabler där investmentbolagens aktiva ägande är den största orsaken och substansrabatten i kombination med hög utdelning är ytterligare en orsak. Detta innebär att en portfölj med investmentbolag är en väldigt bra sparform överlag men framförallt för den som vill spara i aktier men saknar förkunskaper.
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Joubert, Hennie. "The allocation of real estate in an investment portfolio." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97342.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study investors were informed of the benefits of diversification and the reduction of systematic risk when property is included in an asset allocation portfolio. It also provided investors with information that will assist them in deciding on asset class allocations, specifically including real estate within a mixed-asset portfolio for both the short and long term. The method applied to answer the research questions started with a detailed literature review in order to gain a thorough understanding of the topic. The second part involved a quantitative approach. The South African Property Index (SAPI), All Share Index (ALSI) and All Bond Index (ALBI) total returns were analysed using descriptive statistics in order to gain knowledge about the return (mean) and risk (standard deviation) performances of the three asset data series. The final part analysed the allocation weights of assets in a mixed portfolio to determine the optimal portfolio weights to either reduce risk or enhance returns. It was found for the period under review that property quarterly returns outperformed equity and bonds. The compound annual growth rate for the period was calculated and it was found that property had a growth rate of 26.1 per cent, equity a growth rate of 17.9 per cent and bonds a growth rate of 10.9 per cent. The risk rate for property was also determined and it was higher than for equity and bonds. The study also found a correlation between bonds and properties, meaning that adding bonds to a real estate portfolio would not give much diversification benefit. Equity to bonds had a negative correlation, showing diversification benefits of adding bonds to an equity portfolio. However, equity to property had a low correlation, meaning that adding property to an equity portfolio would reduce portfolio risk and increase returns. Should an investor not want to be exposed to more risk than simply holding one asset, namely bonds, a portfolio gives substantially higher returns without increasing the risk The study also observed the changes in the asset class returns during certain economic activities. Bonds were found to be the most resistant of the three asset classes and equity the most affected.
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Zeise, Carl Eric. "Analysis of trade dependence and correlation of market returns to hedge portfolio risk." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3036.
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The project examines the relationship between trade interdependency and correlation of market returns between the United States and the four emerging economies of Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines. The author analyzed statistical data for trade interdependency and market return to determine if there is a pattern that would provide the basis for increasing the return of a security portfolio without increasing the risk to the investor. The project analysis relied on mathematical formulas to measure the trade relationships between the selected countries and to calculate the measure of return and measure of risk of investing in each emergent market.
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廖智生 and Chi-sang Liu. "A study of optimal investment strategy for insurance portfolio." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227636.
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Vermorken, M. A. "Portfolio choice with independent components : applications in infrastructure investment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1430477/.
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One of the principal questions in financial economics and applied finance relates to the optimal allocation of capital assets to portfolios. In recent times this field has received renewed attention as traditional portfolio optimisation methods were found to inadequately capture the nongaussian and interdependent nature of the returns of capital assets. A particular case is that of infrastructure assets, which exhibits particularly nongaussian and interdependent returns. In this thesis we introduce a portfolio choice method developed for nongaussian and interdependent assets and for longer investment horizons, as is common to infrastructure investment. Starting from the classical financial economic assumption of an expected utility maximizing investor, we derive an analytical solution, which incorporates all higher moments of the assets’ distributions without making limiting assumptions to ensure solvability. Rather than imposing subjective probability beliefs to infer the return’s distributions, we employ Independent Component Analysis to perform a decomposition of the asset space. In this way we are able to identify the fundamental drivers of the returns data and base our portfolio selection on their nature and interdependence. We apply the method on two samples of infrastructure assets. Firstly, we consider global infrastructure indexes. Secondly, we consider a large sample of airport operators, an asset class of particular interest to this thesis. In both cases we show how the method will outperform its principal rival and contestant, the standard mean-variance optimised portfolio. The thesis concludes by showing how the method also allows for a redefinition of the concept of diversification, fully integrated with the portfolio choice method. The thesis therefore contributes to the current state of the art and might lead to further research and discussion regarding the possible use of techniques like Independent Component Analysis to solve longstanding questions in theoretical and applied finance.
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Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon Thompson Henry L. "Recent portfolio investment and central bank policy in Thailand." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1504.
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Polden, Stuart John. "An investigation into higher and partial moment portfolio selection frameworks." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30878.
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This dissertation highlights the importance of considering higher moments and partial moments of the distribution when conducting portfolio optimisation and selection. This is due partly to the weaknesses of mean-variance optimisation, as discussed throughout the dissertation, and the appropriateness of considering higher moments to better meet the investors utility functions. This dissertation investigates the usage of two bi-objective optimisation frameworks, a Skewness/Semivariance framework previously suggested by Brito et al (2016), and a proposed upside and downside semivariance framework (referred to as Semivariance/Semivariance), developed from Cumova and Nawrocki’s (2014) general upper partial and lower partial moment framework. It solves the endogeneity issue present in the co-semivariance matrices, through the usage of a direct multi-search algorithm. The two frameworks were tested across multiple datasets, including one of pure stocks and one of asset classes, to test the ability to both allocate assets and select stocks. The performance was measured through nominal returns, statistical tests, Sharpe ratios, Sortino ratios, and Skewness/Semivariance ratios. The results reveal the Semivariance/Semivariance optimisation process to outperform the Skewness/Semivariance optimisation in the majority of the cases investigated. This suggests it may be a superior selection optimisation process. Furthermore, the Semivariance/Semivariance portfolios remain competitive with the benchmark portfolios selected in this dissertation, often outperforming them on an absolute return and ratio basis; however, this outperformance has not consistently proven to be statistically significant.
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Karlsson, Victor, Rikard Svensson, and Viktor Eklöf. "Contingent Hedging : Applying Financial Portfolio Theory on Product Portfolios." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18602.
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In an ever-changing global environment, the ability to adapt to the current economic climate is essential for a company to prosper and survive. Numerous previous re- search state that better risk management and low overall risks will lead to a higher firm value. The purpose of this study is to examine if portfolio theory, made for fi- nancial portfolios, can be used to compose product portfolios in order to minimize risk and optimize returns. The term contingent hedge is defined as an optimal portfolio that can be identified today, that in the future will yield a stable stream of returns at a low level of risk. For companies that might engage in costly hedging activities on the futures market, the benefits of creat- ing a contingent hedge are several. These include creating an optimized portfolio that minimizes risk and avoid trading contracts on futures markets that would incur hefty transaction costs and risks. Using quantitative financial models, product portfolio compositions are generated and compared with the returns and risks profile of individual commodities, as well as the actual product portfolio compositions of publicly traded mining companies. Us- ing Modern Portfolio Theory an efficient frontier is generated, yielding two inde- pendent portfolios, the minimum risk portfolio and the tangency portfolio. The Black-Litterman model is also used to generate yet another portfolio using a Bayesian approach. The portfolios are generated by historic time-series data and compared with the actual future development of commodities; the portfolios are then analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the minimum risk portfolio provides a signif- icantly lower risk than the compositions of all mining companies in the study, as well as the risks of individual commodities. This in turn will lead to several benefits for company management and the firm’s shareholders that are discussed throughout the study. However, as for a return-optimizing portfolio, no significant results can be found. Furthermore, the analysis suggests a series of improvements that could potentially yield an even greater result. The recommendation is that mining companies can use the methods discussed throughout this study as a way to generate a costless contin- gent hedge, rather than engage in hedging activities on futures markets.
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Schulz, Matthias. "Real Estate Private Equity im institutionellen Portfolio." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12103694.
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Almeida, Serra Costa Vitoria Pedro Miguel. "Topics on forward investment theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:158e9239-1385-4314-b337-3eed27c76dfc.
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In this thesis, we study three topics in optimal portfolio selection that are relevant to the theory of forward investment performance processes. In Chapter 1, we develop a connection between the classical mean-variance optimisation and time-monotone forward performance processes for infinitesimal trading times. Namely, we consider consecutive mean-variance problems and we show that, for an appropriate choice of the corresponding mean-variance trade-off coefficients, the wealth process that is generated converges (as the trading interval goes to zero) to the optimal wealth process generated by a time-monotone forward performance process. The choice of the trade-off coefficients is made in accordance to the evolution of the risk tolerance process of the forward performance process. This result allows us to provide a fresh view on the issue of time-consistency of mean-variance analysis, for we propose a method to update mean-variance risk preferences forward in time. As a by-product, our convergence theorem generalises a result by Gyöngy (1998) on the convergence of the Euler scheme for SDEs. We also provide novel results on the Lipschitz regularity of the local risk tolerance function of forward investment performance processes. The material in this chapter is joint work with Marek Musiela and Thaleia Zariphopoulou. Chapter 2 combines forward investment theory and partial information. Specifically, we construct forward investment performance processes in models where the drift is a random variable distributed according to a known distribution. The forward performance processes we consider are of the type U(t,x) = u(t,x, R_t), where R. denotes the process of cumulative excess returns, and u(t,x,z):[0,∞) × ℝ imes ℝN ⟶ ℝ is such that u(t,.,z) is a utility function satisfying Inada's conditions. We derive the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for u(.). The HJB equation is linearised into the ill-posed heat equation; then, using the multidimensional version of Widder's theorem, we fully characterise the solutions to this equation in terms of a collection of positive measures; the result is an integral representation of the convex conjugate function of u(t,.,z). We construct several examples, and we show how these can be combined, in the dual domain, to generate mixtures of forward investment performance processes. We also show that the volatility of these processes is intrinsic, in that it is not generated by changes of numéraire/measure. In Chapter 3, we provide an extension of the Black-Litterman model to the continuous time setting. Our extension is different from, and complements that of, Frey, Gabih, and Wunderlich (2012) and Davis and Lleo (2013). Specifically, we develop a novel robust estimator of instantaneous expected returns which is continuously shrunk towards the predictions of an asset pricing theory, such as the CAPM. We derive this estimator fairly explicitly and study some of its properties. As in the Black-Litterman model, such an estimator can be used to make optimal asset allocation problems in continuous time more robust with respect to estimation errors. We provide explicit solutions to the problem of maximising expected power utility of terminal wealth, when our estimator is used to estimate the drift. As an example, we illustrate our results explicitly in the case of a multifactor model, where Arbitrage Pricing Theory predicts that alphas should be approximately zero.
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Kornmann, Lauren. "Evaluating financial risk with investment guidelines." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34149.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Cash management practices for corporate treasurers are in a state of instability in recent years. Events during the credit crisis of 2008 have had an impact on how organization’s cash positions are managed. This has led corporate treasurers to juggle unprecedented amounts of cash across multiple bank counterparties and invest these funds based on previous investment policies with potentially inflexible limits. Many regulations have been passed to strengthen domestic and global financial systems, yet the risk of default is not completely removed and there are many uncertain ties that corporates face. To succeed in the uncertain financial environment, counterparty risk tools must be put in place to improve the visibility of potential operational risk, along with a higher frequency of reviewing and updating investment policies. It is crucial for corporates to look beyond the traditional market perceptions and bank credit ratings to evaluate counterparty risk. Although these continue to be a valuable metric, they should be incorporated with other forward looking market risk metrics such as credit default swaps, capital and asset resiliency metrics, and growth and profitability metrics to their current investment guidelines review. By integrating risk metrics to help formulate an investment policy, corporates can adapt to the changing financial environment. This thesis examined methodologies to develop a more accurate and immediate viewpoint of counterparty creditworthiness. This was done through the creation of models using market information to set values to view the strength of counterparties and the likelihood of default. Models were created for both financial institutions and countries where cash or investments are placed. Depending on the models, this restricts the permissible investment options that an institution or country has. This approach allows the company to invest more with higher rated counterparties, and sets a maximum to those who are deemed high risk of default. The findings of this thesis identified that it is crucial to classify the right metrics and look beyond traditional market perceptions and bank credit ratings. By implementing a balanced process that regularly monitors current market indicators of counterparty risk, an organization will be in a stronger position to define and determine the potential risk. This creates a balanced view of both backward looking and forward looking metrics such as long term debt ratings and credit default swaps. These metrics were useful indicators of a counterparty’s strength. Because of the wide range of information available and cost, it went beyond the resources of the company to perform detailed ongoing analysis. It was also identified that a risk-adjusted approach to setting counterparty limits is crucial for managing counterparty exposure and the risk of default. To optimize liquidity, it is in the company’s best interest to place higher balances in institutions with the lowest risk of default. Grouping banks into tiers and assigning a percentage of total balance to each tier allows for financial institutions to have a specific limit capacity. Incorporating these tools on a frequent basis allows for real-time analysis of counterparty exposure and risk.
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Mills, Bradley. "Portfolio diversification utilising rolling economic drawdown constraints and risk factor analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29201.
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This study investigates a new asset allocation technique termed Factor Adjusted Rolling Economic Drawdown (FAREDD), whereby resources are allocated to different assets by way of integrating Principle Component Analysis (PCA) with existing Rolling Economic Drawdown Methods (REDD). The primary purpose of this model is to create a portfolio with low drawdown levels, that can withstand turbulent market periods thus protecting portfolio value through providing stronger diversification benefits while still seeking to maximise risk adjusted and overall return. This will have strong implications for investors as it could provide an additional method and tool to be considered during the asset allocation decision stage if they have a strong drawdown aversion. The concept of FAREDD is developed in this study within a South African context and compares this method with several traditional allocation methods including mean-variance optimised models, risk parity as well as traditional rolling economic drawdown models. So far, at the point of writing this study, the author has been unable to find any previous studies documenting this type of application of PCA to REDD. In addition to this, all previous studies that has investigated rolling economic drawdown has been conducted exclusively on the United States of America. The literature finds that REDD provides a viable and superior alternative to traditional asset allocation in the long run. Thus, as part of this study, a second objective is to investigate whether REDD models provide sufficient protection and superior returns in a developing economy with a significantly lower number of available liquid assets and higher volatility due to increased political, economic and business risk, when compared to alternative more traditional allocation techniques. The key findings of this study are that the FAREDD model does outperform the traditional REDD model that it is compared to for the period and it also meets the objective of providing low drawdowns and volatility while achieving strong risk-adjusted returns. However, the model does not provide the strongest drawdown protection of all portfolios tested. The FAREDD model is surpassed by the minimum-variance portfolio in this regard but from a risk adjusted basis and an overall return perspective it far outperforms the minimum-variance portfolio. Therefore, the performance of the FAREDD model is mixed and its optimality would need to be assessed relative to an investor’s risk appetite and risk-return trade-off. In addition to this, the paper finds that the performance of traditional REDD models in the South African context are mixed when compared to traditional asset allocation techniques thereby indicating that REDD models may not be superior in the South African market place at all times. However, they can provide relevant and potential asset allocation alternatives for mangers to consider.
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Lotter, Rousseau. "The impact of equity analyst recommendations on market attention, price-consensus and the behaviour of other analysts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97986.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Analysts are valuation specialists who advise both institutional clients and non-professional investors on the choice and timing of security purchases and sales. The analysts’ advice may have hugely beneficial or unfavourable outcomes for those who rely on them. This study investigated the possible influence of 901 local and international analysts’ recommendations that were issued from 1993 to 2011 on shares listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The short-term impact of recommendations on prices and possible behavioural tendencies among analysts, including a reported inclination to issue overly-positive recommendations, were respectively investigated in the first two empirical chapters. Thirdly, the success rate of analysts to issue recommendations with an advised directional impact and possible herding behaviour among analysts were researched. The empirical chapters conclude with an investigation into changes in investor attention (as proxied by traded volumes) and price volatility around analysts’ recommendations. The efficient market hypothesis and the ‘differences of opinion’ theories were used as fundamental points of departure and interpretation. More than 37 000 recommendations, ranging from strong buy to strong sell, were used in an event-study methodology to analyse the market’s reaction to these recommendations. Advanced modelling techniques were implemented in Excel and VBA to analyse daily consensus opinions, positive- versus negative sentiment, analyst activity and reactions, the frequency of abnormal price reactions, abnormal price movements, abnormal traded volumes, and changes in price volatility surrounding recommendation revisions. The study found that analyst recommendations were followed by an abnormal reaction in prices and that the magnitude of a recommendation’s change (e.g. a three-step change from strong sell to buy versus a one-step change hold to buy) had a greater impact than a recommendation’s absolute level. A portfolio strategy revealed the possible benefit of recommendations for investors. Analysts issued their opinions using different patterns within the five possible recommendation categories, and issued the same proportion of negative recommendations during periods of low business confidence and economic contraction than during growth- and economic upswing phases. Analysts who issued more recommendations in total were not more influential than less active analysts, and not all analysts were able to issue recommendations with a large advised directional abnormal impact. As expected, recommendations that had a large abnormal price impact generated some herding activity among the other analysts who covered the same share. Investor attention increased around the issuance of recommendation revisions, and price volatility increased after large recommendation upgrades. In support of market efficiency, investors seemed able to trade at new price levels and execute their trades with sufficient liquidity following recommendations. Results that infer differences of opinion were present both among analysts and investors: competing analysts did not issue the same recommendations for the same shares and favoured different recommendations categories; and investors only acted on some of the recommendations. Furthermore, analysts did not have the same propensity to cause abnormal price reactions. Traded volumes increased around recommendation revisions, showing that investors paid attention to recommendations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Analiste spesialiseer in die waardasie van maatskappye en adviseer beide institusionele- en nie-professionele beleggers rakende die keuse en tydsberekening van hul kope en verkope. Díé advies kan baie voordelige of nadelige gevolge hê vir diegene wat daarop staatmaak. Hierdie studie het die moontlike invloed ondersoek van 901 Suid-Afrikaanse en internasionale analiste se aanbevelings rakende JSE-genoteerde aandele tussen 1993 en 2011. Die eerste twee empiriese hoofstukke ondersoek (i) die korttermyn impak van analiste se aanbevelings op pryse en (ii) moontlike gedragspatrone onder analiste, insluitend ‘n gerapporteerde neiging om oor-positiewe aanbevelings uit te reik. Derdens is analiste se sukseskoers om aanbevelings met ‘n verwagte impak uit te reik en moontlike ‘trop’-gedrag onder analiste nagevors. Die empiriese hoofstukke sluit af met ‘n ontleding van veranderinge in beleggers se aandag (soos aangedui deur verhandelde volumes) en prysvolatiliteit rondom analiste se aanbevelings. Die effektiewe markhipotese en die ‘verskil in opinie’ teorie was gebruik as fundamentele grondslag en om resultate te interpreteer. ‘n Gebeurtenis-studie metodologie is gebruik om die mark se reaksie op meer as 37 000 aanbevelings, wat van sterk koop tot sterk verkoop strek, te analiseer. Gevorderde modelleringstegnieke is in Excel en VBA geïmplementeer om konsensus opinies, positiewe- vs. negatiewe sentimentsperiodes, analiste se aktiwiteitsvlakke en reaksies, abnormale prysreaksies en die voorkoms daarvan, abnormale verhandelde volumes, en veranderinge in prysvolatiliteit rondom aanbevelings hersienings te bereken en te analiseer. Die studie het bevind dat analiste se aanbevelings wel gevolg is deur abnormale prysbewegings, en dat die grootte van aanbevelings se hersienings (bv. ‘n drie-stap hersiening van sterk verkoop na koop versus ‘n een-stap hersiening van hou na koop) ‘n groter impak as die aanbeveling se absolute vlak gehad het. ‘n Portefeulje strategie het ook die moontlike voordeel van aanbevelings vir beleggers uitgelig. Analiste het verskillende patrone binne die vyf-punt aanbevelingskategorieë gebruik om hul opinies te kommunikeer, en het dieselfde proporsie negatiewe aanbevelings tydens periodes van swak besigheidsvertroue en ekonomiese afswaai uitgereik as tydens periodes van groei en ekonomiese opswaai. Analiste wat meer aanbevelings in totaal uitgereik het, was nie meer invloedryk as ander analiste nie, en nie alle analiste het aanbevelings wat ‘n groot abnormale prysreaksie veroorsaak het, uitgereik nie. Soos verwag het aanbevelings, wat groot abnormale prysbewegings veroorsaak het (invloedryke aanbevelings), ‘trop’-gedrag veroorsaak onder kompeterende analiste. Beleggers se aandag het toegeneem met die uitreik van hersienings, en prysvolatitliteit het toegeneem ná groot aanbeveling-opgraderings. Beleggers kon teen nuwe prysvlakke verhandel en hul besluite uitvoer met genoeg likiditeit nadat aanbevelings uitgereik is, wat indikatief van mark-effektiwiteit is. Resultate dui ook op verskillende opinies tussen beleggers en analiste: analiste het verskillende aanbevelings vir dieselfde aandele uitgereik en het verskillende aanbevelings-kategorieë verkies, en beleggers het nie op alle analiste se aanbevelings gereageer nie soos aangedui deur pryse en volumes. Analiste het verder nie dieselfde geneigdheid gehad om abnormale prysveranderinge te veroorsaak nie. Verhandelde volumes het toegeneem rondom aanbevelingshersienings, wat aandui dat beleggers wel aandag aan die analiste se aanbevelings gegee het.
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Thomas, Vincent. "Is Fine art a viable alternative investment?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-134942.
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This paper will study the Art market as an investment opportunity. We will forget about the artistic characteristics of the market (history of art, aesthetic, technic...) and focus only on the business and economic aspects of the market treating art works as tradable goods. Our goal will be to determine whether or not the art market would be a suitable investment vehicle, offering some interesting outlook to investment diversification. This paper will pay a closer look at the recent financial crisis period, trying to understand the mechanism which bonds the financial industry and the Art industry. This will be the key to introduce an investment portfolio including Art as an asset class for investment. Focusing on the performance of such portfolio we will give some further recommendation on how to reach a better than expected performance.
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Pendle, Lara. "What Determines Australia's Foreign Equity Investment?" Thesis, Discipline of Economics, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2251.
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In light of the recent changes to superannuation policy in Australia, the corresponding heightened exposure to equity markets has highlighted the importance of portfolio diversification as a means to reduce income risk. The International Capital Asset Pricing Model of Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) suggests that in order to obtain maximum gains from diversification, investors hold too little wealth in foreign assets. This large discrepancy between theory and data is known as the home income bias puzzle and still remains robust despite the recent liberalisation of financial markets and removals of direct barriers to investment. This thesis empirically investigates the distribution of Australian holdings of foreign equities and considers the determinants of equity home bias for a sample of 25 countries. The IMF's high quality Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS) dataset is appropriate for this purpose and is utilised over the period 2001 to 2005. The key findings are that indirect barriers to international investment and information costs are important factors behind international investment patterns and the home bias puzzle.Discipline of Economics
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Otto, Hans-Philipp. "Portfolio optimization : equally weighting strategies vs. index investing vs. efficient frontier portfolios : an empirical analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95621.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.This research report is conducted in the field of portfolio optimization. Regarding the existing literature this research paper is set in context of the academic discussion triggered by DeMiguel, Garlappi and Uppal (2009) concerning the perfomance of the naïve investment strategy in comparison to optimized portfolios and extended by the indexing approach. Therefore, it investigates on the question whether the naïve investment strategies outperform the strategy of index investing as well as the minimum and mean variance portfolios in the investment horizon of the EURO STOXX 50 in the timeframe from 03.01.2003 to 02.07.2010. Outperforming is defined via the following measurements, namely return, variance, Sharpe ratio, value at risk, certainty equivalent return and turnover rate. In addition, modifications of the investment strategies are applied such as the rebalancing of the naïve investment strategy and different scenarios are included such as the consideration of transaction costs and costs of index investing as well as the usage of two different data frequencies in order to conduct the robustness test. The two main measurements Sharpe ratio and value at risk are verified regarding their explanatory power by the usage of the robust inference method for the bootstrapping of the Sharpe ratio and the Jarque-Bera test for the normal distribution required for the value at risk measurement. The research in this paper is conducted through MATLAB which is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. The aggregated outcome of this research paper in regard to the respective timeframe and investment horizon is that in the main scenario which is based on weekly input data the minimum variance investment strategy outperforms all other investment strategies consistently in all measurements except for the turnover which is compensated by consistent results in case of inclusion of transaction costs and costs of index investing. Furthermore, the rebalanced naïve investment strategy and the index investing strategy share the second place with a slight advantage in the overall perspective for the rebalanced naïve investment strategy as it dominates the index investing strategy in regard of return, Sharpe ratio and certainty equivalent return while it is only outranked by the index investing strategy in the risk related measurements variance and value at risk. All other investment strategies underperform their peers.
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Knill, April Michele. "Foreign portfolio investment and the financial constraints of small firms." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2633.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) - University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Business and Management. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Grant, Peter. "Developing risk management strategies for stock market investment portfolio management." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/215.
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This study was conducted to establish whether risk management strategies could be developed to enable stock market investment portfolio managers to reduce the risk involved in stock market trading. The awareness of stock market risk elevates the requirement for risk management strategies as discussed in Chapter 1. The research scope is identified, and an overview of the study gives further guidance as to what lies ahead. The theory behind macroeconomic forces and how they influence share prices is discussed in Chapter 2. It is established that market sectors and companies within those sectors react differently to macroeconomic forces. Technical analysis is discussed as a mechanism to identify buying and selling signals. In Chapter 3, risk management strategies are developed from the literature. The hypothesis of the study as described in Chapter 4 is that these risk management strategies are able to reduce the risk associated with trading in the stock market. The market simulation in Chapter 5 offers the opportunity to observe the risk management strategies at work in a simulated stock market investment portfolio. In Chapter 6, the outcome of the market simulation is compared to the criteria set in Chapter 4, and the conclusion that the risk management strategies were able to reduce the risk involved in stock market trading is drawn.
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Surkova, Marina. "Assessing political risk of portfolio investment in the Russian economy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275387.
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Feigl, Patricia. "The role of indirect property in an European investment portfolio." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30486567.
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Hsiao, Ruei Yi, and 蕭睿毅. "The Relationship between Portfolio Investment Concentration and Portfolio Performance." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30343668768206735751.
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碩士國立中正大學
財務金融研究所
101
The data of study collect 126 numbers Taiwan common stock mutual funds from 2003 to 2012,and use Jensenα,Sharpe index, Treynor index to measure the funds performance for equity funds. The empirical results reveal that the performance of different portfolio is better than the market portfolio, but the higher or lower of concentration have no direct relationship between portfolio investments. The reason is that Taiwan Securities Law limit the percentage of investment to mutual funds. It is different to global capital market. Furthermore, the securities investment trust & consulting association of the R.O.C(SITCA) announce the top five stocks holding every month. It reveals that the higher ratio of top five stocks holding, the performance is better. It is direct related and appear that mutual funds managers adequate or in adequate stock-choice strategy. The present results show that the top five stocks holding higher or lower will inflect the performance of mutual funds. The extension of concentration is the optimal number of stock holding of mutual funds. The present results indicate that there is a reverse U shape trend between the number of stock holdings and the risk adjusted return. Over portfolio diversification causes the invest cost to increase and the return of the portfolio to decrease.Thus, an optimal concentration is required to maximize the portfolio performance.
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Kao, Chiamin, and 高嘉敏. "The Study Of Portfolio Investment Strategies." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76425433881887603570.
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碩士開南大學
財務金融學系
99
This study investigates the portfolio trading strategy for Taiwan stock market. Five trading strategies are tested, including the buy and hold strategy (BH), constant mix strategy (CM), constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI), time-invariant portfolio protection (TIPP), and constant proportion debt obligations (CPDO). In addition, this study also proposes two new portfolio trading strategies: modified CPDO (MCPDO) and modified TIPP (MTIPP). The proposed MCPDO increases the floor of the portfolio value. Therefore, when the index is dropping, the MCPDO outperforms the original CPDO in locking in profits and protection of the principal. The proposed MTIPP increases the risk multiplier at a bull market to get more profit. On the other hand, the MTIPP decreases the risk multiplier at a bear market to prevent from stopping loss. The empirical analysis proves that both the proposed MCPDO and MTIPP strategies are very valuable for practice.
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Chuang, Shu-Jen, and 莊樹人. "Optimal Data Length for Portfolio Investment." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65425850630371414374.
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碩士銘傳大學
經濟學研究所
89
Investors have individual preferences as to risk and return, usually they prefer more expected return to less and less risk to more. As a comparison of individual investors and institutional investors, the former have disadvantage in acquiring capital, professional knowledge, information and so on. If the weak form of efficient markets hypothesis is rejected, investors can predict future returns from past movements of security returns. In other words, analysis of price and trading records of securities can be useful in forming profitable investment strategies for investors. In this study, the portfolio selection is based on the Markowitz Mean-Variance Theory, which states that the objective function of an investor is to minimize portfolio risk subject to a targeted expected rate of return. The Modern Portfolio Theory（MPT）which states the importance of simultaneous considerations of optimal portfolio for investment selection, optimal holding time or adjustment frequencies, composes of a complete set of optimal investment strategies in security market, which we used extensively in our study. Most important findings in our study are that the optimal length of security price data to be analyzed for portfolio investment is four weeks and the optimal holding time of portfolio investment is six trading days. The foregoing findings help us to develop an optimal investment strategy, and its rate of return is higher than the rate of return of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Index.
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Liu, Jia-Hong, and 留嘉鴻. "Portfolio Investment Based on Neural Networks." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p4awa7.
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碩士國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
106
In this thesis, we combine the trading signals generated by the gen expression programming (GEP) method of Lee et al. and the portfolio generated by convolutional neural network (CNN) structure of Jiang et al. to form a stock investment method with portfolio management. The method of Jiang et al. focuses on the investment of the cryptocurrency. We change the invested target of Jiang et al. from cryptocurrency to stocks. We recompute the weights of the portfolio when the method of Lee et al. generates a trading signal (buy or sell). To test our method, we choose 213 stocks which always exist during 1995/1/5 to 2017/12/29 on stock market in Taiwan. Our training period starts from 1995/1/5. We perform the trading from 2002/1/2 until 2017/12/29. There are three cases in our experiments: Trading 100 stocks with the 100-stock features, trading 100 stocks with the 213-stock features, and trading 213 stocks with the 213-stock features. The annualized returns for the three cases are 25.00%, 26.52% and 27.32%, respectively. Our method is better than the buy-and-hold 12.36% for 100 stocks, and 12.21% for 213 stocks. Our method is also better than the method of Lee et al. without portfolio management 12.94% for 100 stocks, and 12.67% for 213 stocks.
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Chu, Ting-Yu, and 褚庭宇. "The Performance of Mutual Funds Investment Portfolio and Investment Strategy." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48051665080803411894.
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碩士淡江大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
102
The thesis aims to investigate the Markowitz portfolio theory associate with the VIX fear index and apply to mutual fund portfolios, hoping to provide investors when investing in mutual funds as to when the VIX index and sharply pulled low reference standards. It also allows ordinary investors to avoid chasing the high and kill low investment strategy, and long-term vision to look at investing in mutual funds. This data contain year 2012 to 2014 which obtained from Morningstar Fund Awards Fund and be established more than ten years. According to the mean-variance model of Markowitz (1952), we can seek the optimal efficiency of the leading edge of efficient portfolio model for the study, divided into six months trading period, quarter,month, and based on the VIX trading at 20% of ups and downs to make decisions and Change 10% of investment, respectively. Empirical results show that the average rate of return of VIX-20% is greater than the VIX-10%, a longer period of return on investment is better than trading during trading knowledge. Based on MV portfolio theory and every six months performance,the VIX-20% is the best trade rule. In summary, the empirical results prove that Markowitz portfolio theory and the VIX volatility strategies provide investors as a reference portfolio.