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Agrawaal, Harsshit, Courtney Jones, and J. E. Thompson. "Personal Exposure Estimates via Portable and Wireless Sensing and Reporting of Particulate Pollution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030843.
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Low-cost, portable particle sensors (n = 3) were designed, constructed, and used to monitor human exposure to particle pollution at various locations and times in Lubbock, TX. The air sensors consisted of a Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor interfaced to an Arduino Uno R3, and a FONA808 3G communications module. The Arduino Uno was used to receive the signal from calibrated dust sensors to provide a concentration (µg/m3) of suspended particulate matter and coordinate wireless transmission of data via the 3G cellular network. Prior to use for monitoring, dust sensors were calibrated against a reference aerosol monitor (RAM-1) operating independently. Sodium chloride particles were generated inside of a 3.6 m3 mixing chamber while the RAM-1 and each dust sensor recorded signals and calibration was achieved for each dust sensor independently of others by direct comparison with the RAM-1 reading. In an effort to improve the quality of the data stream, the effect of averaging replicate individual pulses of the Sharp sensor when analyzing zero air has been studied. Averaging data points exponentially reduces standard deviation for all sensors with n < 2000 averages but averaging produced diminishing returns after approx. 2000 averages. The sensors exhibited standard deviations for replicate measurements of 3–6 µg/m3 and corresponding 3σ detection limits of 9–18 µg/m3 when 2000 pulses of the dust sensor LED were averaged over an approx. 2 min data collection/transmission cycle. To demonstrate portable monitoring, concentration values from the dust sensors were sent wirelessly in real time to a ThingSpeak channel, while tracking the sensor’s latitude and longitude using an on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor. Outdoor and indoor air quality measurements were made at different places and times while human volunteers carried sensors. The measurements indicated walking by restaurants and cooking at home increased the exposure to particulate matter. The construction of the dust sensors and data collected from this research enhance the current research by describing an open-source concept and providing initial measurements. In principle, sensors can be massively multiplexed and used to generate real-time maps of particulate matter around a given location.
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Harika, D., U. Sravya, V. Akshaya, and M. Kavyangali. "Arduino Based Air Pollution Monitoring System." Journal on Electronic and Automation Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jeae/2/2/1.
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Day to day, the level of Air pollution is increasing rapidly due to increase industries, factories, vehicle use which affect human health. So here we have designed a device/system which can measure air quality around it and monitor air pollution levels and also indicates and warns us when the air quality goes down beyond a certain level. This system can sense LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and CO, these gases are harmful to human health. So, this system is perfect for Air Quality Monitoring. This is a small portable device, we can use it at our home, office, classroom, and factory. It can save us from harmful gases. Air pollution is the presence of extra unwanted biological molecules, particulates or other harmful things into the earth atmosphere. It is a major cause of infections, allergies, and eventually reasons of death to some people. It also harms to other existing creatures like that animal as well as food crops, or the ecological or built environment. They are also and thus a reason of death if unprotected for a long time. The world health organization (WHO) in 2014 approximated those 7 million people deaths worldwide because of air pollution. The similar approximation roughly equalled by the International Energy Agency (IEA) also. These chemicals or pollutants are also responsible for various environmental calamities like acid rain and depletion of ozone layer. Because of a number of anthropogenic actions, air pollution is on the growth and its controlling is of significant importance to alleviate particular actions to limit it. In the past, the air quality measuring sensors were very big, non-portable and expensive. Presently, most air pollution sensors developed on five most common air pollutants viz. nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. In today’s world, air pollution and quality monitoring are really vital as it has a great effect on human health. The developed air-quality measurement sensor can identify and observe the incidence of air pollution in the adjacent areas. It can be employed for both indoor and outdoor. With the help of future technological improvements, these sensors will become cheaper and more common, inexpensive, portable air-quality sensors which can be wearable by people to observe the local air quality.
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Dessimond, Boris, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Jean-Louis Pepin, Salim Srairi, and Giovanni Pau. "Academically Produced Air Pollution Sensors for Personal Exposure Assessment: The Canarin Project." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051876.
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The World Health Organization has estimated that air pollution is a major threat to health, causing approximately nine million premature deaths every year. Each individual has, over their lifetime, a unique exposure to air pollution through their habits, working and living conditions. Medical research requires dedicated tools to assess and understand individual exposure to air pollution in view of investigating its health effects. This paper presents portable sensors produced by the Canarin Project that provides accessible, real time personal exposure data to particulate matter. Our primary results demonstrate the use of portable sensors for the assessment of personal exposure to the different micro-environments attended by individuals, and for inspecting the short-term effects of air pollution through the example of sleep apnea. These findings underscore the necessity of obtaining contextual data in determining environmental exposure and give perspectives for the future of air pollution sensors dedicated to medical research.
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Kortoçi, Pranvera, Naser Hossein Motlagh, Martha Arbayani Zaidan, Pak Lun Fung, Samu Varjonen, Andrew Rebeiro-Hargrave, Jarkko V. Niemi, et al. "Air pollution exposure monitoring using portable low-cost air quality sensors." Smart Health 23 (March 2022): 100241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smhl.2021.100241.
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Joshi, Hiral M., Vibhutikumar G. Joshi, and Hiteshkumar J. Lad. "Distributed Embedded System for Air Quality Monitoring based on Long Range (LoRa) Technology." Current World Environment 19, no. 1 (May 10, 2024): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.18.
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This study addresses the persistent challenge of urban air quality deterioration through the introduction of the Distributed Embedded System (DES). In response to limitations associated with conventional air quality measurement methods, the DES system offers a cost-effective and portable alternative for real-time monitoring. The study focuses on implementing a low-cost distributed system and developing effective communication protocols between sensor nodes. Equipped with Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) sensors for pollutant gases, optical sensors for particulate matter, and meteorological sensors, the system strategically deploys multiple nodes within a 4 km range of urban areas. Real-time AQI and pollution severity have been measured for various locations. Implementation of Long Range (LoRa) communication technology allows the sensor nodes to efficiently transmit data to a central base station. Observations of received signal strength and signal quality indicate reliable and effective communication. To validate accuracy and reliability, acquired DES system data undergoes comparative analysis with data from a government-established meteorological station, revealing a strong correlation. This innovative approach presents a promising solution for widespread, continuous, and cost-effective real-time air quality monitoring in urban areas. The DES system addresses key challenges associated with air pollution, offering a portable and accessible tool that could revolutionize urban air quality management.
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K, Jaganathan. "Portable Air Quality Monitoring and Controlling System Using Vacuum Draw-Off." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 10, no. 07 (July 31, 2023): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2023.v1007.38.
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Air pollution is one of the most concerning facts of today’s world. Among all air pollution poses a serious threat for health. It affects human body through breathing and since this pollution is barely visible in eye, a monitoring system is necessary to stay cautious. This is the motivation behind our work so that in hospital all people can stay aware of the toxic gas (CO) they are breathing. Our objective is to provide a system to measure continuous Air Quality in hospital environment and AQI level using gas sensors and also an inbuilt fire detector is present to determine fire out broken. We proposed a portable model in which monitoring sensors are connected through IoT technology. From previous dataset we got high accuracy. In this model our aim to detect the toxic gas and fire outbreak by using the gas sensor MQ2, MQ7, MQ135 and flame sensor. When the toxic gas is detected, the vacuum can automatically run and suck the toxic gas. In addition to this, it provides alert to the main device which is connected through IOT and buzzer. we included fire detector, DHT11-temperature and moisture to maintain the environment in hospital. Whenever the temperature and moisture are crossed the normal range, it gives alert to the device (mobile) by Bluetooth. Also, we're going to use the air purifier model to reduce the problems.
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Chatzidiakou, Lia, Anika Krause, Olalekan A. M. Popoola, Andrea Di Antonio, Mike Kellaway, Yiqun Han, Freya A. Squires, et al. "Characterising low-cost sensors in highly portable platforms to quantify personal exposure in diverse environments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 8 (August 30, 2019): 4643–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4643-2019.
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Abstract. The inaccurate quantification of personal exposure to air pollution introduces error and bias in health estimations, severely limiting causal inference in epidemiological research worldwide. Rapid advancements in affordable, miniaturised air pollution sensor technologies offer the potential to address this limitation by capturing the high variability of personal exposure during daily life in large-scale studies with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, concerns remain regarding the suitability of novel sensing technologies for scientific and policy purposes. In this paper we characterise the performance of a portable personal air quality monitor (PAM) that integrates multiple miniaturised sensors for nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) measurements along with temperature, relative humidity, acceleration, noise and GPS sensors. Overall, the air pollution sensors showed high reproducibility (mean R‾2=0.93, min–max: 0.80–1.00) and excellent agreement with standard instrumentation (mean R‾2=0.82, min–max: 0.54–0.99) in outdoor, indoor and commuting microenvironments across seasons and different geographical settings. An important outcome of this study is that the error of the PAM is significantly smaller than the error introduced when estimating personal exposure based on sparsely distributed outdoor fixed monitoring stations. Hence, novel sensing technologies such as the ones demonstrated here can revolutionise health studies by providing highly resolved reliable exposure metrics at a large scale to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of air pollution on health.
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Bodić, Milan, Vladimir Rajs, Marko Vasiljević Toskić, Jovan Bajić, Branislav Batinić, and Miloš Arbanas. "Methods of Measuring Air Pollution in Cities and Correlation of Air Pollutant Concentrations." Processes 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2023): 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102984.
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The monitoring of air quality continues to be one of the most important tasks when ensuring the safety of our environment. This paper aims to look at correlations between different types of pollutants, so that robust air quality measurement systems can be deployed in remote, inaccessible areas, at a reduced cost. The first matter at hand was to design an affordable and portable system capable of measuring different air pollutants. A custom PCB was designed that could support the acquisition of readings of, among others, particulate and CO sensors. Then, correlations between the concentrations of different pollutants were analyzed to identify if measuring the concentration of one type of pollutant can allow the extrapolation of the concentration of another. This particular study focuses on the correlations between the concentrations of particulate matter and CO. Finally, after observing a moderate correlation, it was proposed to measure the concentrations of pollutants that require less expensive sensors, and to extrapolate the concentrations of pollutants that require a more expensive sensor to measure their concentration. The link between particulate pollution and CO concentrations was identified and discussed as the result of this study.
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Sesé, L., T. Gille, G. Pau, B. Dessimond, Y. Uzunhan, D. Bouvry, A. Hervé, et al. "Low-cost air quality portable sensors and their potential use in respiratory health." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 27, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.23.0197.
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Air pollution is an environmental risk for the general population and for patients with various diseases, particularly respiratory diseases. Little data are available on personal exposure, but the recent emergence of low-cost air quality sensors (LCSs) should enable a better understanding of the health impacts of air pollution at the individual level. However, the reliability and accuracy of most sensors in the market have not been established, and a thorough understanding of their strengths and limitations is needed. We therefore conducted a review to address the following questions: 1) What is an LCS and what is the extent of its possible application? 2) Is the data obtained a reliable indicator of exposure? 3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of LCSs? 4) Could LCSs be useful in investigating the impact of air pollution on respiratory health? Further studies are needed to promote the use of LCS in research settings and among respiratory patients. This will allow us to monitor exposure levels, provide alerts and study the respiratory effects of individual-level air pollution.
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Park, Yoo Min, Sinan Sousan, Dillon Streuber, and Kai Zhao. "GeoAir—A Novel Portable, GPS-Enabled, Low-Cost Air-Pollution Sensor: Design Strategies to Facilitate Citizen Science Research and Geospatial Assessments of Personal Exposure." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113761.
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The rapid evolution of air sensor technologies has offered enormous opportunities for community-engaged research by enabling citizens to monitor the air quality at any time and location. However, many low-cost portable sensors do not provide sufficient accuracy or are designed only for technically capable individuals by requiring pairing with smartphone applications or other devices to view/store air quality data and collect location data. This paper describes important design considerations for portable devices to ensure effective citizen engagement and reliable data collection for the geospatial analysis of personal exposure. It proposes a new, standalone, portable air monitor, GeoAir, which integrates a particulate matter (PM) sensor, volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor, humidity and temperature sensor, LTE-M and GPS module, Wi-Fi, long-lasting battery, and display screen. The preliminary laboratory test results demonstrate that the PM sensor shows strong performance when compared to a reference instrument. The VOC sensor presents reasonable accuracy, while further assessments with other types of VOC are needed. The field deployment and geo-visualization of the field data illustrate that GeoAir collects fine-grained, georeferenced air pollution data. GeoAir can be used by all citizens regardless of their technical proficiency and is widely applicable in many fields, including environmental justice and health disparity research.
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Kolumban-Antal, Gyorgy, Vladko Lasak, Razvan Bogdan, and Bogdan Groza. "A Secure and Portable Multi-Sensor Module for Distributed Air Pollution Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020403.
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Air quality in urban environments has become a central issue of our present society as it affects the health and lives of the population all over the world. The first step in mitigating negative effects is proper measurement of the pollution level. This work presents a portable air pollution measurement system, built from off-the-shelf devices, that is designed to assure user privacy and data authenticity. Data is collected from sensor modules that can be hand carried or installed on vehicles, possibly leading to a vehicular sensor network that may cover a larger area. The main challenge is to provide authenticity for the sensor data while also ensuring user privacy. The proposed system assures authenticity and non-repudiation for the collected data by using group signatures and a blockchain-like structure for secure storage. We use regular key-exchange protocols based on elliptic curve cryptography in order to securely bootstrap a session key, then we benefit from secure tunneling to export data from sensors to the remote server. Post-update tampering is prevented by the use of a blockchain-like structure on the data server. We carry experiments both to determine the computational requirements of the procedures, as well as to measure indicators of air quality on nearby areas.
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Deville Cavellin, Laure, Scott Weichenthal, Ryan Tack, Martina S. Ragettli, Audrey Smargiassi, and Marianne Hatzopoulou. "Investigating the Use Of Portable Air Pollution Sensors to Capture the Spatial Variability Of Traffic-Related Air Pollution." Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b04235.
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Ayyagari, Anusha. "Using Mobile and Fixed Internet of Things Sensing Networks, Real-Time Monitoring and Prediction of Air Quality in One\'s Immediate Vicinity." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 12 (December 31, 2023): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.57543.
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Abstract: A significant global problem has emerged in several locations as a result of air pollution and its adverse impact on human well-being. Recently, there has been a rise in the number of researchers that are keen on evaluating and forecasting the air quality in close proximity to individuals. The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) across several businesses has significantly enhanced people's quality of life by interconnecting multiple sensors in diverse locations. Moreover, the Internet of Things (IoT) has streamlined the task of monitoring air pollution. The conventional utilization of stationary sensors is inadequate for acquiring an accurate and all-encompassing representation of the air pollution levels in close proximity to people. This is due to the fact that the sensors in closest proximity to people may be located many kilometers apart from each other. The objective of our study is to construct a model that precisely depicts the air quality pattern within a certain geographic area. This objective will be accomplished by using a combination of stationary and portable Internet of Things sensors. The sensors are affixed to vehicles that are carrying out surveillance in the vicinity. Our methodology allows for a thorough examination of the whole spectrum of air quality fluctuations in neighboring regions. Through the use of many machine learning algorithms and realworld data, we showcase the efficacy of our methodology in accurately discerning and forecasting air quality without compromising on accuracy. The results of our research indicate that there is significant potential for efficiently monitoring and forecasting air quality in the context of a smart city.
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Huang, Chi-Yo, Pei-Han Chung, Joseph Shyu, Yao-Hua Ho, Chao-Hsin Wu, Ming-Che Lee, and Ming-Jenn Wu. "Evaluation and Selection of Materials for Particulate Matter MEMS Sensors by Using Hybrid MCDM Methods." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103451.
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Air pollution poses serious problems as global industrialization continues to thrive. Since air pollution has grave impacts on human health, industry experts are starting to fathom how to integrate particulate matter (PM) sensors into portable devices; however, traditional micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) gas sensors are too large. To overcome this challenge, experts from industry and academia have recently begun to investigate replacing the traditional etching techniques used on MEMS with semiconductor-based manufacturing processes and materials, such as gallium nitride (GaN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and silicon. However, studies showing how to systematically evaluate and select suitable materials are rare in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to propose an analytic framework based on multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) to evaluate and select the most suitable materials for fabricating PM sensors. An empirical study based on recent research was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of our analytic framework. The results provide an invaluable future reference for research institutes and providers.
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Mullick, Iftekhar Uddin, Khan Atik Faisal, Tarikul Islam Nishat, and Muhibul Haque Bhuyan. "Portable Air Quality Detector Using DSM501A Dust Sensor and Arduino Uno." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 5 (April 12, 2024): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i51143.
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Aims: The primary feature of this research is to design a circuit that can analyze the air around the system and determine the quality of the air.
Study Design: This paper reports on the design and implementation of a portable air pollution analyzer using Arduino Uno, DSM501A dust sensor, LCD, switches, buzzer, and multiple LEDs. The air pollution analyzer system was designed using a combination of hardware and software techniques to measure air pollution properly.
Place and Period of Study: The research was accomplished by the authors in a group of two students under the grasp of a professor as a part of one of his course capstone projects for the Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering degree at the American International University Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The authors performed their investigative tasks at AIUB from September 2023 to February 2024.
Methodology: The air pollution analyzer was implemented using an Arduino Uno and dust sensor to generate and determine accurate air quality based on specific air contents. The system that was developed used a PM10 detection system that identified the amount of dust particles in the area. Based on PM10 readings, the air quality was identified. Moreover, the Air Quality Index (AQI) was determined using the PM10 readings. The LCD, buzzer, and multiple LEDs were used to display and indicate the air quality condition and levels.
Results: The portable air pollution analyzer was successfully tested and found to be accurate and reliable in determining air quality. To indicate different hazardous states of air, red, green, and yellow color LEDs are used. The test outcomes were very satisfactory.
Conclusion: This system demonstrates the use of a microcontroller in building a simple yet effective portable air quality detector. It can be scaled up for commercial production.
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Hussin, Siti Farah. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE AIR QUALITY DETECTION." Journal of Technology and Operations Management 15, Number 2 (December 29, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2020.15.2.2.
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Air quality is very important to ensure the health of humans, plants, and even animals. The tragedy of chemical waste disposal in the Kim Kim river has resulted in air pollution in the surrounding area. Therefore, this innovation has been developed to produce a mobile device that has a low cost, detection of the gas in real-time, and overcome the problems faced due to chemical waste pollution such as shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting. Portable air quality detection is an innovation used to detected and measured the connections between software and hardware that are required for analysis purposes. The outputs detected are carbon dioxide, benzene, alcohol, ammonia, nitrogen oxide, and smoke. Data analysis was done by making a comparison between the output values in LCD and Favoriot and Blynk. This project also can measure the value of temperature and humidity. The sensor used to detect gas readings is MQ135 gas sensor and for temperature and humidity sensor is DHT22 sensor. The value of gas, temperature, and humidity in the environment will be displayed on the website as well as on the phone applications. This innovation used two types of platforms to display the data, Favoriot in website platform and Blynk used on smartphones. In addition, this value will be recorded and stored on the website for future use by the users. The users will also be able to compare readings before and after to ensure that the air in the environment is in good condition. In addition, this project can warn users if the reading is at danger level. The buzzer will sound and users will be notified by email. For future recommendations, the A3OZ sensor can be used to achieve high precision values for O3 and NO2 readings with a detection range of 0-10 ppm and detection accuracy of 20 ppb
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Kang, Joonhee, and Jin Young Kim. "Portable RF-Sensor System for the Monitoring of Air Pollution and Water Contamination." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/568974.
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Monitoring air pollution including the contents of VOC, O3, NO2, and dusts has attracted a lot of interest in addition to the monitoring of water contamination because it affects directly to the quality of living conditions. Most of the current air pollution monitoring stations use the expensive and bulky instruments and are only installed in the very limited area. To bring the information of the air and water quality to the public in real time, it is important to construct portable monitoring systems and distribute them close to our everyday living places. In this work, we have constructed a low-cost portable RF sensor system by using 400 MHz transceiver to achieve this goal. Accuracy of the measurement was comparable to the ones used in the expensive and bulky commercial air pollution forecast systems.
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Mohd Pu’ad, Muhammad Farhan, Teddy Surya Gunawan, Mira Kartiwi, and Zuriati Janin. "Performance evaluation of portable air quality measurement system using raspberry pi for remote monitoring." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp564-574.
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<span>United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals focuses on good health and well-being for all. Air pollution becomes a huge threat to delivering on the vision of a better world and related at least to Goal 3, 7, 11, and 13. In Malaysia, air pollution index were monitored on 68 locations. The Department of Environment monitors air quality using costly continuous air quality monitoring stations (CAQMs) installed at fixed locations of highly populated and industrial areas. The objective of this paper is to develop a portable air quality measurement system which can measure particulate matters (PM) smaller than 10 and 2.5 microns, and four hazardous gasses, including carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide, as well as humidity and temperature. Six sensors were used and validated using several rigorous experiments. The functionality of the system was evaluated by measuring sub-API readings in areas with low and high traffic volumes. Experimental results showed that the proposed system was highly responsive and able to detect the types and concentrations of air pollutants instantly. Furthermore, equipped with the mobile internet, geo-tagged GPS location and web server on Raspberry Pi, the developed portable system could be accessed remotely.</span>
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Cui, Wuquan, Simona Dossi, and Guillermo Rein. "Laboratory benchmark of low-cost portable gas and particle analysers at the source of smouldering wildfires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 32, no. 11 (November 21, 2023): 1542–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf22150.
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Background Smouldering wildfires emit large amounts of carbon, toxic gases and particulate matter (PM), posing health and environmental hazards. It is challenging to conduct field measurements on wildfire emissions, and available instruments are limited by high cost and low mobility. Aim Here, we contribute to solving this challenge by studying three commercial low-cost and portable air quality analysers (KANE101, SDS011 and FLOW) and comparing them with research-grade instruments (FTIR, PM Cascade Impactor and DustTrak). Methods A series of laboratory experiments on peat smouldering were conducted including the stages of ignition, spread and burnout to provide conditions of emission measurements near the source. Key results The gas analyser KANE101 accurately measured CO2 and allowed calculation of modified combustion efficiency (MCE). The FLOW air pollution sensor was found unsuitable for PM measurements near fire sources because of its narrow range. FLOW captured the variation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but measurements did not correlate well with NO2 measurements. The SDS011 PM sensor responded well in measuring PM10 in this study. Conclusions KANE101 and SDS011 can be used in the field after calibration to measure CO2/CO and PM. Implications This work provides a better understanding of how low-cost and portable emission sensors can be of use for wildfire measurements in the field.
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Gunawan, Teddy Surya, Yasmin Mahira Saiful Munir, Mira Kartiwi, and Hasmah Mansor. "Design and Implementation of Portable Outdoor Air Quality Measurement System using Arduino." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp280-290.
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Recently, there is increasing public awareness of the real time air quality due to air pollution can cause severe effects to human health and environments. The Air Pollutant Index (API) in Malaysia is measured by Department of Environment (DOE) using stationary and expensive monitoring station called Continuous Air Quality Monitoring stations (CAQMs) that are only placed in areas that have high population densities and high industrial activities. Moreover, Malaysia did not include particulate matter with the size of less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) in the API measurement system. In this paper, we present a cost effective and portable air quality measurement system using Arduino Uno microcontroller and four low cost sensors. This device allows people to measure API in any place they want. It is capable to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), ground level ozone (O3) and particulate matters (PM10 & PM2.5) in the air and convert the readings to API value. This system has been tested by comparing the API measured from this device to the current API measured by DOE at several locations. Based on the results from the experiment, this air quality measurement system is proved to be reliable and efficient.
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Hananto, Valentinus Roby, and I. Gusti Ngurah Alit Widana Putra. "A Dashboard System for Monitoring Air Pollution in Surabaya based on PM2.5." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Business Intelligence 4, no. 2 (October 28, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jisebi.4.2.139-147.
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In developing countries where population grows rapidly, air pollution has been a serious issue for the public health. Among various pollutants, fine particulate matters (PM2.5) is associated with distinct serious health problems, e.g., asthma, cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. To raise the awareness of the community and decision makers in order to solve the air-pollution problem, the level of the PM2.5 index should be monitored. In this paper, we propose a dashboard system for monitoring air pollution based on PM2.5. A portable device (i.e., Edimax Airbox) was installed inside the building of Stikom Surabaya college to measure the PM2.5 level. The sensors in this device read the PM2.5 level, air temperature, and humidity level, and then it transmits the data to the cloud service. The cloud platform makes the collected data accessible through an open data API that allows our system to interact with the data in the JSON format. The data then was parsed in a web server and visualized in a dashboard system. The dashboard system provides two indicators, the live PM2.5 sensor measurement and the measurement history. The dashboard successfully visualized the indicator of air pollution index, based on PM2.5 standards by WHO and Dinas Kesehatan Indonesia (the Indonesian Department of Health). Within seven days of the study, PM2.5 level reaches the maximum value of 65 µg/m3 with the average value of 39.36 µg/m3 on July 8, 2018. This is an alarming rate given that the indoor average level threshold of PM2.5 by WHO is 25 µg/m3.
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Canu, Michaël, Boris Gálvis, and Malika Madelin. "What does the Shinyei PPD42NS Low-Cost Dust Sensor Really Measure?" International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.1.1310.
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Deteriorating air quality is of great concern around the world. Recently, citizen scientists, researchers, and many others have used low-cost devices such as the Shinyei PPD42NS dust sensor to measure particulate matter pollution in both developed and under-developed countries. However, few articles exist specifically on the features and performance of these sensors. Some have shown mixed results in terms of precision, accuracy, and repeatability, especially for portable applications. Frequently, users assemble the electronics and the sensors applying simple guidelines, using electric schematics, and coding extraneous algorithms to get questionable data. There is a need to better understand how it works exactly, its limitations and the effect of the program used to interpret the outputs of this sensor. This article provides a short electronic analysis of the Shinyei PPD42NS dust sensor and shows that the internal sensor electronic design (filters and detection stage) as well as the used data processing algorithm, limit its precision and accuracy by generating nonlinearities and biases. These issues avoid some applications like moving ones and imply that the algorithm used to process the sensor signals must be clearly presented in future articles.
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González, Ernesto, Juan Casanova-Chafer, Alfonso Romero, Xavier Vilanova, Jan Mitrovics, and Eduard Llobet. "LoRa Sensor Network Development for Air Quality Monitoring or Detecting Gas Leakage Events." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 6225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216225.
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During the few last years, indoor and outdoor Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) has gained a lot of interest among the scientific community due to its direct relation with human health. The Internet of Things (IoT) and, especially, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have given rise to the development of wireless AQM portable systems. This paper presents the development of a LoRa (short for long-range) based sensor network for AQM and gas leakage events detection. The combination of both a commercial gas sensor and a resistance measurement channel for graphene chemoresistive sensors allows both the calculation of an Air Quality Index based on the concentration of reducing species such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO, and it also makes possible the detection of NO2, which is an important air pollutant. The graphene sensor tested with the LoRa nodes developed allows the detection of NO2 pollution in just 5 min as well as enables monitoring sudden changes in the background level of this pollutant in the atmosphere. The capability of the system of detecting both reducing and oxidizing pollutant agents, alongside its low-cost, low-power, and real-time monitoring features, makes this a solution suitable to be used in wireless AQM and early warning systems.
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Lind, Martin, Valter Kiisk, Margus Kodu, Tauno Kahro, Indrek Renge, Tea Avarmaa, Prashanth Makaram, Amaia Zurutuza, and Raivo Jaaniso. "Semiquantitative Classification of Two Oxidizing Gases with Graphene-Based Gas Sensors." Chemosensors 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020068.
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Miniature and low-power gas sensing elements are urgently needed for a portable electronic nose, especially for outdoor pollution monitoring. Hereby we prepared chemiresistive sensors based on wide-area graphene (grown by chemical vapor deposition) placed on Si/Si3N4 substrates with interdigitated electrodes and built-in microheaters. Graphene of each sensor was individually functionalized with ultrathin oxide coating (CuO-MnO2, In2O3 or Sc2O3) by pulsed laser deposition. Over the course of 72 h, the heated sensors were exposed to randomly generated concentration cycles of 30 ppb NO2, 30 ppb O3, 60 ppb NO2, 60 ppb O3 and 30 ppb NO2 + 30 ppb O3 in synthetic air (21% O2, 50% relative humidity). While O3 completely dominated the response of sensors with CuO-MnO2 coating, the other sensors had comparable sensitivity to NO2 as well. Various response features (amplitude, response rate, and recovery rate) were considered as machine learning inputs. Using just the response amplitudes of two complementary sensors allowed us to distinguish these five gas environments with an accuracy of ~ 85%. Misclassification was mostly due to an overlap in the case of the 30 ppb O3, and 30 ppb O3 + 30 ppb NO2 responses, and was largely caused by the temporal drift of these responses. The addition of recovery rates to machine learning input variables enabled us to very clearly distinguish different gases and increase the overall accuracy to ~94%.
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Shahnavaz, Farid, and Reza Akhavian. "Automated Estimation of Construction Equipment Emission Using Inertial Sensors and Machine Learning Models." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052750.
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The construction industry is one of the main producers of greenhouse gasses (GHG). With the looming consequences of climate change, sustainability measures including quantifying the amount of air pollution during a construction project have become an important project objective in the construction industry. A major contributor to air pollution during construction projects is the use of heavy equipment. Therefore, efficient operation and management can substantially reduce a project’s carbon footprint and other environmental harms. Using unintrusive and indirect methods to predict on-road vehicle emissions has been a widely researched topic. Nevertheless, the same is not true in the case of construction equipment. This paper describes the development and deployment of a framework that uses machine learning (ML) methods to predict the level of emissions from heavy construction equipment. Data is collected via an Internet of Things (IoT) approach with accelerometer and gyroscope sensors as data collection nodes. The developed framework was validated using an excavator performing real-world construction work. A portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used along with the inertial sensors to record the amount of CO, NOX, CO2, SO2, and CH4 pollution emitted by the equipment. Different ML algorithms were developed and compared to identify the best model to predict emission levels from inertial sensors data. The results show that Random Forest with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.94, 0.91, and 0.94, and normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of 4.25, 6.42, and 5.17 for CO, NOX, and CO2, respectively, was the best algorithm among different models evaluated in this study.
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Tiele, Akira, Siavash Esfahani, and James Covington. "Design and Development of a Low-Cost, Portable Monitoring Device for Indoor Environment Quality." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5353816.
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This article describes the design and development of a low-cost, portable monitoring system for indoor environment quality (IEQ). IEQ is a holistic concept that encompasses elements of indoor air quality (IAQ), indoor lighting quality (ILQ), acoustic comfort, and thermal comfort (temperature and relative humidity). The unit is intended for the monitoring of temperature, humidity, PM2.5, PM10, total VOCs (×3), CO2, CO, illuminance, and sound levels. Experiments were conducted in various environments, including a typical indoor working environment and outdoor pollution, to evaluate the unit’s potential to monitor IEQ parameters. The developed system was successfully able to monitor parameter variations, based on specific events. A custom IEQ index was devised to rate the parameter readings with a simple scoring system to calculate an overall IEQ percentage. The advantages of the proposed system, with respect to commercial units, is associated with better customisation and flexibility to implement a variety of low-cost sensors. Moreover, low-cost sensor modules reduce the overall cost to provide a comprehensive, portable, and real-time monitoring solution. This development facilities researchers and interested enthusiasts to become engaged and proactive in participating in the study, management, and improvement of IEQ.
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Lijewski, Piotr, Jerzy Merkisz, Pawel Fuc, Miloslaw Kozak, and Lukasz Rymaniak. "Air Pollution by the Exhaust Emissions from Construction Machinery under Actual Operating Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.313.
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The paper discusses the problem of exhaust emissions from non-road vehicles. In many cities there are low emission zones for vehicles. Unfortunately non-road engines are excluded from this restriction e.g. construction machinery operates on construction sites, including those located in the said zones. Therefore, the paper presents the results of the exhaust emission tests from an excavator under actual operating conditions. For the tests the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer SEMTECH DS by Sensors for the measurement of gaseous exhaust emissions and SEMTECH LAM for the measurement of the emission of Particulate Matter. The analyzers provide an on-line measurement of the concentrations of the exhaust components under actual operating conditions. The tests performed under actual traffic conditions provide invaluable information regarding the emission during actual operating conditions. In the paper the authors analyzed the relations between the engine operating parameters, vehicle parameters, road conditions (traffic congestion) and the exhaust emissions. The authors, despite differences in the methodology, also presented a comparison of the obtained results with the currently applicable exhaust emission limits in order to draw attention to this issue in urban areas.
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Selleri, Tommaso, Roberto Gioria, Anastasios D. Melas, Barouch Giechaskiel, Fabrizio Forloni, Pablo Mendoza Villafuerte, Joachim Demuynck, et al. "Measuring Emissions from a Demonstrator Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle under Real-World Conditions—Moving Forward to Euro VII." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020184.
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The European Union (EU) has introduced since the early 1990s a series of progressively more stringent emission regulations to control air pollution from the transport sector, commonly known as Euro standards. Following this path, more recently, with the European Green Deal, the European Commission has indicated the intention to review the current air pollutant emissions standards. This study investigates the emission performance of an advanced demonstrator vehicle developed to meet the increasingly more stringent air pollution limits required. Emissions of currently regulated and unregulated components including NH3, N2O, and SPN10 (solid particle number), were studied in a very wide range of real-world operative conditions. The performance of two new generation portable instruments for the onboard measurement of N2O and NH3 were also evaluated in comparison with reference laboratory equipment. Similarly, the measurement accuracy of onboard NOx sensors was also compared to laboratory reference. The vehicle presented low emissions of NOx and NH3 and relatively low emissions of N2O, also compared to data currently available in the literature, in a broad range of operative conditions, which however resulted in a large variability in emissions.
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Bouillon, Laura, Valérie Gros, Mohammad Abboud, Hafsa El Hafyani, Karine Zeitouni, Stéphanie Alage, Baptiste Languille, et al. "NO2, BC and PM Exposure of Participants in the Polluscope Autumn 2019 Campaign in the Paris Region." Toxics 11, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030206.
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The Polluscope project aims to better understand the personal exposure to air pollutants in the Paris region. This article is based on one campaign from the project, which was conducted in the autumn of 2019 and involved 63 participants equipped with portable sensors (i.e., NO2, BC and PM) for one week. After a phase of data curation, analyses were performed on the results from all participants, as well as on individual participants’ data for case studies. A machine learning algorithm was used to allocate the data to different environments (e.g., transportation, indoor, home, office, and outdoor). The results of the campaign showed that the participants’ exposure to air pollutants depended very much on their lifestyle and the sources of pollution that may be present in the vicinity. Individuals’ use of transportation was found to be associated with higher levels of pollutants, even when the time spent on transport was relatively short. In contrast, homes and offices were environments with the lowest concentrations of pollutants. However, some activities performed in indoor air (e.g., cooking) also showed a high levels of pollution over a relatively short period.
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Aashiq, M. N. M., W. T. C. C. Kurera, M. G. S. P. Thilekaratne, A. M. A. Saja, M. R. M. Rouzin, Navod Neranjan, and Hayti Yassin. "An IoT-based handheld environmental and air quality monitoring station." Acta IMEKO 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i3.1487.
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Weather and air quality play an important role in determining environmental pollution. Fluctuation of these parameters not only causes environmental pollution but also causes severe injuries to human health. With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), sensor-based weather devices with easy observation facilities started to develop. In this regard, this study focused on developing an IoT-based portable weather monitoring gadget that can measure weather and air parameters which are more often required in our day-to-day life. The proposed system is capable to measure temperature, pressure, humidity, altitude, PM2.5, PM10 level, VOC, and CO level. It consists of a portable display and a mobile app with a thing speak cloud platform. Further, the system has a Wi-Fi and GSM connection to communicate data. A mobile application was developed to monitor the readings in real-time which are stored in the cloud platform. The developed hardware was carefully calibrated in the national meteorological department to make sure our system is practically usable. Compared to existing models, our prototype is very handholdable, easily installable which does not require trained technicians, and is easily maintainable. Also, it is possible to access the data from anywhere in the world through Wi-Fi connectivity, and possible to make data visualization and analysis. On the other hand, it is very difficult to find a single, portable size, and low-cost device to collect all these parameters together. Nonetheless, our prototype has the potential of connecting with multiple similar devices to create a larger IoT network grid. Overall, our proposed product has a combination of weather and air quality parameters in a portable and handholdable size with low-cost and low power consumption which other devices do not have according to the latest literature.
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Lia andriani, Priyambada Cahya Nugraha, and Sari Lutfiah. "Portable Spirometer for Measuring Lung Function Health (FVC and FEV1)." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v1i1.4.
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Extreme climate change and air pollution caused by dust, smoke, vehicle exhaust gases and industry can increase the chances of contracting various infectious diseases caused by viruses, especially respiratory infections. Lung volume measurements obtained from air that is inhaled and exhaled by someone can help doctors diagnose abnormalities in the lungs. The purpose of this study was to develop an affordable pulmonary function measurement system, which is a spirometer. The main board consists of a non-inverting amplifier, Arduino microcontroller, LCD and SD Card memory. FVC and FEV1 volume measurements are carried out when the breath blew through the MPX5100DP gas pressure sensor. The sensor’s output is a voltage, which is converted to a volume unit using the venturimeter method. The SD card memory is used to store data. The results of measurement data on respondents with a spirometer comparison device then there is an FVC error of 0.98% 5, FEV1 3.83% and FEVI / FVC 2.50%. This value is still below the error tolerance limit of 5%. The design of this spirometer is portable and low cost to be made for mass production to help people to measure the health of lung function in humans.
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Chen, Chiu-Fan, Chun-Hsiang Hsu, Yu-Jung Chang, Chao-Hsien Lee, and David Lin Lee. "Efficacy of HEPA Air Cleaner on Improving Indoor Particulate Matter 2.5 Concentration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 11517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811517.
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High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters is a potential tool used to remove fine particles and improve indoor air quality. This study aims to analyze the real-world efficacy of portable HEPA air cleaners in a household environment. Laser light dispersion PM2.5 sensors are used to continuously monitor the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 level before and after HEPA air cleaner filtration. Overall, HEPA air cleaners significantly reduce the indoor PM2.5 level (33.5 ± 10.3 vs. 17.2 ± 10.7 µg/m3, mean difference (MD) = −16.3 µg/m3, p < 0.001) and indoor/outdoor PM2.5% (76.3 ± 16.8 vs. 38.6 ± 19.8%, MD = −37.7%, p < 0.001). The efficacy to reduce PM2.5 is strongest in three machines with medium-flow setting group (indoor PM2.5 MD: −26.5 µg/m3, indoor/outdoor PM2.5 percentage MD: −56.4%). Multiple linear regression demonstrates that outdoor PM2.5, machine number, airflow speed, and window ventilation are significant factors associated with indoor PM2.5 concentrations (R = 0.879) and percentage of the indoor/outdoor PM2.5 ratio (R = 0.808). HEPA air cleaners can effectively improve indoor PM2.5 air pollution. Adequate air cleaner machine numbers, appropriate airflow, and window ventilation limitations are important to achieve the best efficacy of the HEPA air cleaner.
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Molaie, Sama, and Paolo Lino. "Review of the Newly Developed, Mobile Optical Sensors for Real-Time Measurement of the Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentration." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040416.
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Due to the adverse effects on human health and the environment, air quality monitoring, specifically particulate matter (PM), has received increased attention over the last decades. Most of the research and policy actions have been focused on decreasing PM pollution and the development of air monitoring technologies, resulting in a decline of total ambient PM concentrations. For these reasons, there is a continually increasing interest in mobile, low-cost, and real-time PM detection instruments in both indoor and outdoor environments. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no recent literature review on the development of newly designed mobile and compact optical PM sensors. With this aim, this paper gives an overview of the most recent advances in mobile optical particle counters (OPCs) and camera-based optical devices to detect particulate matter concentration. Firstly, the paper summarizes the particulate matter effects on human health and the environment and introduces the major particulate matter classes, sources, and characteristics. Then, it illustrates the different theories, detection methods, and operating principles of the newly developed portable optical sensors based on light scattering (OPCs) and image processing (camera-based sensors), including their advantages and disadvantages. A discussion concludes the review by comparing different novel optical devices in terms of structures, parameters, and detection sensitivity.
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Lee, Kang Hyun, and Dong-Kyu Kim. "Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Otorhinolaryngology Clinics." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 63, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2019.00822.
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Background and Objectives Otorhinolaryngology clinics are frequently exposed to various air pollutants. This can have a potentially harmful effect on the health of the healthcare personnel. However, there is still a lack of studies on the assessment of indoor air quality in otorhinolaryngology clinics. Therefore, this study aimed to measure indoor air quality in otorhinolaryngology clinics.Subjects and Method In this study, we prospectively measured indoor air quality indices [particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM2.5, Nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone] using portable passive air quality monitoring sensors in otorhinolaryngology clinics.Results The mean concentrations of PM, CO<sub>2</sub>, VOCs, and NO<sub>2</sub> were significantly higher during office hours than after; however, there was no significant differences in CO and ozone concentration between the two time periods. The proportions of tolerable to poor-quality (exceeding acceptable level) levels of CO<sub>2</sub>, total VOCs, NO<sub>2</sub> was 25%, 25%, 12.5% during office hours, respectively. On the other hand, there was no proportion of tolerable to poor-quality level of PM, CO, ozone during office hours.Conclusion We found that otorhinolaryngology clinics are easily exposed to ambient indoor air pollution. Therefore, we suggest implement health-related protective strategies for ambient indoor air pollution in otorhinolaryngology clinics may be needed for healthcare personnel.
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Jońca, Justyna, Marcin Pawnuk, Yaroslav Bezyk, Adalbert Arsen, and Izabela Sówka. "Drone-Assisted Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution—A Comprehensive Review." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811516.
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Ambient air quality is a complex issue that depends on multiple interacting factors related to emissions coming from energy production and use, transportation, industrial processes, agriculture, and waste and wastewater treatment sectors. It is also impacted by adverse meteorological conditions, pollutants concentrations, their transport and dispersion in the atmosphere, and topographic constraints. Therefore, air pollutants distribution is not uniform and their monitoring at proper temporal and spatial resolution is necessary. Drone-borne analytical instrumentation can fulfill these requirements. Thanks to the rapid development in the drone manufacturing sector as well as in the field of portable detectors construction, applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for atmospheric pollution monitoring are growing. The purpose of this work is to give an overview of this matter. Therefore, this paper contains basic information on UAVs (i.e., description of different types of drones with their advantages and disadvantages) and analytical instrumentation (i.e., low-cost gas sensors, multi-sensor systems, electronic noses, high-accuracy optical analyzers, optical particle counters, radiation detectors) used for the monitoring of airborne pollution. Different ways of payload integration are addressed and examples of commercially available solutions are given. Examples of applications of drone-borne analytical systems for pollution monitoring coming from natural (i.e., volcanoes, thawing permafrost, wildfires) and anthropological (i.e., urbanization and industrialization; extraction, transport and storage of fossil fuels; exploitation of radioactive materials; waste and wastewater treatment; agriculture) sources are also described. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives are discussed. Although there is a great potential for drones applications in the field of atmospheric pollution monitoring, several limitations should be addressed in the coming years. Future research should focus on improving performances of available analytical instrumentation and solving problems related to insufficient payload capacity and limited flight time of commonly used drones. We predict that applications of drone-assisted measurements will grow in the following years, especially in the field of odor pollution monitoring.
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Tryner, Jessica, Casey Quinn, Bret C. Windom, and John Volckens. "Design and evaluation of a portable PM2.5 monitor featuring a low-cost sensor in line with an active filter sampler." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 21, no. 8 (2019): 1403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00234k.
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Measurement of particulate matter (PM) air pollution using a low-cost sensor and in-line filter sample enables gravimetric correction of the real-time PM data and chemical characterization of the collected PM.
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Zogo, Robert Vancelas Obiang, Sigride Vencesla Jenniska Asseko, Clet Mesmin Edou Ebolo, Aubercy-Falone Cheyi-Boussamba, and Mick-Jordan Moubagou Dethy. "Influence of Air Pollution and Climate on Daily Health of Gabonese Students in the Capital (Libreville): A Pilot Study." East African Journal of Health and Science 7, no. 1 (March 11, 2024): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajhs.7.1.1812.
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Air pollution is a global issue affecting billions of people, especially urban populations in low- and middle-income countries. Since air pollution is a health problem that also involves the climate, this study assessed the relationship between the individual health of 50 college students living in Libreville (Gabon) and air quality, temperature, and humidity using low-cost equipment. The study utilised 81 days of data from the air pollution monitoring network in Libreville. These data were paired with measurements of heart rate, breathing, and stress measured using 5 Garmin vívosmart® smartwatches. In addition to the environmental and health data, participants were also asked about their state of health and their lifestyle during the study. We found average concentrations of PM2.5 (25.25 µg/m3) and PM10 (29.50 µg/m3) that exceed the 24-h WHO air quality standards. The daily average of PM1 was around 17.84 µg/m3. Temperatures observed during the study period varied between 27 and 35 °C (mean = 30.15 °C), and humidity was around 51-77% (mean = 59.5%). Overall, the relationships between the environmental conditions and the health observations were negligible, with correlation coefficients R ≤ 0.36. Despite their weakness, coefficients between 0.31 and 0.36 showed that stress levels are associated with temperature, PM2.5 and PM10. The average stress level was associated with PM10 (R = 0.34) and PM2.5 (R = 0.36). Finally, the study reveals that smokers, mosquito repellent users, and fan users have reduced breathing capacities compared to non-smokers, non-users of mosquito repellent products, non-users of fans, users and non-users of air conditioning. The study recommends the use of portable sensors to measure individual exposure to environmental parameters for similar studies, which will resolve the problem of spatial representativeness highlighted in this study. It is also recommended that Gabon's health policies incorporate early warnings of forecast high temperatures or pollution peaks, in order to limit health risks
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Singh, Navpreet, Mohannad Y. Elsayed, and Mourad N. El-Gamal. "Towards the World’s Smallest Gravimetric Particulate Matter Sensor: A Miniaturized Virtual Impactor with a Folded Design." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051727.
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The increasing air pollution across the globe has given rise to a global health crisis that is increasing at an alarming rate. Every year, millions of people lose their lives due to health risks caused by air pollutants. Hence, there is a pressing need for better solutions to accurately measure the amount of air pollution. This work is aimed at designing a highly compact, accurate, low-cost, self-resettable, and easy-to-use gravimetric-based particulate matter sensor solution for portable applications. Previous attempts have failed to realize true miniaturization, due to the size constraints of the virtual impactor needed—a mechanism that segregates the particulate matters based on their sizes. Our complete particulate matter sensor solution consists of three components (i) a piezoelectric resonating membrane, (ii) a virtual impactor, and (iii) a thermophoretic mechanism to reset the sensor. This paper presents a novel design of the virtual impactor, based on a folded configuration. This helps realize the entire system in a volume of 20 mm × 20 mm × 10 mm. We report here the design, working principles, fabrication, and experimental results of the virtual impactor.
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Taştan, Mehmet, and Hayrettin Gökozan. "Real-Time Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality with Internet of Things-Based E-Nose." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163435.
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Today, air pollution is the biggest environmental health problem in the world. Air pollution leads to adverse effects on human health, climate and ecosystems. Air is contaminated by toxic gases released by industry, vehicle emissions and the increased concentration of harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmosphere. Air pollution can cause many serious health problems such as respiratory, cardiovascular and skin diseases in humans. Nowadays, where air pollution has become the largest environmental health risk, the interest in monitoring air quality is increasing. Recently, mobile technologies, especially the Internet of Things, data and machine learning technologies have a positive impact on the way we manage our health. With the production of IoT-based portable air quality measuring devices and their widespread use, people can monitor the air quality in their living areas instantly. In this study, e-nose, a real-time mobile air quality monitoring system with various air parameters such as CO2, CO, PM10, NO2 temperature and humidity, is proposed. The proposed e-nose is produced with an open source, low cost, easy installation and do-it-yourself approach. The air quality data measured by the GP2Y1010AU, MH-Z14, MICS-4514 and DHT22 sensor array can be monitored via the 32-bit ESP32 Wi-Fi controller and the mobile interface developed by the Blynk IoT platform, and the received data are recorded in a cloud server. Following evaluation of results obtained from the indoor measurements, it was shown that a decrease of indoor air quality was influenced by the number of people in the house and natural emissions due to activities such as sleeping, cleaning and cooking. However, it is observed that even daily manual natural ventilation has a significant improving effect on air quality.
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Dellucci, Igor. "Design and performance of Factual Time Internet of Things based Geographic Air Pollution Scrutinize System." Pollution Engineering 48, no. 4 (October 26, 2020): 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pe.v48i4.25.
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In the most recent decade, altitude of contamination is dauntless in built-up zone. Because of this, the superiority debases step by step. Air contamination observing is significant idea to check the encompassing air is reasonable to inhalation by the individual or not. In light of expanding the passage pace of carbon fixation present noticeable all around builds which bring about the natural air gets dirtied. Today every person needs to live in the solid climate, they need to check whether the specific zone where they need to go is pretty much contaminated and as per this contamination level data they may pick their course fittingly. Because of this analysts are cantered around air contamination checking assistance of remote sensor organize. These sensor systems give the data of contamination level of the brought together worker utilizing web. This magazine proposed a dependable and minimal effort air contamination checking framework for creating nations. Sensor assortment information in the simple shape and send this computerized information to cloud worker and accumulate the information on cloud workers and afterward progressionof this information. Presently a day's portable are accessible to everybody on the off chance that it might conceivable to check the contamination level of every zone, it might assist them with choosing the other sound course. Different advances are utilized beforehand for checking the contamination level however exactness in the perusing of contamination level tradeoffs. The proposed contamination estimation framework shows minimal effort and better dependability when contrasted with other estimation gadgets that is appeared in reproduction and consequence.
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Mashuri, Agus Alwi. "Air Quality Monitoring and Decision Support System Using IoT." JAICT 6, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jaict.v6i1.2193.
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<p class="AbstractL-MAG">Air is one of the most important elements of life for living things in the world. For humans, the air is an element that is very concerned because it is related to health. In Jakarta, the Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU) is ranked second as the capital city of a country with poor air quality. Air quality in Jakarta is monitored by an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 160 with parameters in the form of very small pollutant particles with a diameter of fewer than 2.8 micrometres (PM 2.8). The purpose of this research is how we make a tool that can determine the quality of the air around us and can be carried (portable) anywhere easily. In accordance with the 4.0 industrial revolution that everything has been integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology where the public can find out the air condition in real-time. In this study, the prototype method is used as a test. The main components are sensors consisting of MQ-6 (CO<sub>2</sub> and smoke), MQ-7 (CO, LPG, CH<sub>4</sub>), MQ135 (Butane, AirQuality), and DHT-11 (Humidity, temperature). From the research that has been done where the air quality in urban areas has a low air quality index by measuring it using a prototype consisting of a gas sensor and Arduino microcontroller, which has been made to produce an average CO<sub>2</sub> of 25 ppm, CO 2330 which has exceeded the threshold, while NH<sub>3</sub> 1.23 and C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub> 1120 are still below the threshold. These values are influenced by pollutants generated by transportation such as motorbikes, cars, and land transportation</p>
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Magzamen, Sheryl, Assaf P. Oron, Emily R. Locke, and Vincent S. Fan. "Association of ambient pollution with inhaler use among patients with COPD: a panel study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 5 (March 13, 2018): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104808.
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BackgroundStudies have linked ambient air pollution to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) healthcare encounters. However, the association between air quality and rescue medication use is unknown.ObjectivesWe assessed the role of air pollution exposure for increased short-acting beta-2-agonist (SABA) use in patients with COPD through use of remote monitoring technology.MethodsParticipants received a portable electronic inhaler sensor to record the date, time and location for SABA use over a 3-month period. Ambient air pollution data and meteorological data were collected from a centrally located federal monitoring station. Mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to examine the association of daily inhaler use with pollutant levels. Four criteria pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3 and NO2), two particulate matter species (elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon), estimated coarse fraction of PM10 (PM10–2.5) and four multipollutant air quality measures were each examined separately, adjusting for covariates that passed a false discovery rate (FDR) screening.ResultsWe enrolled 35 patients with COPD (94.3% male and mean age: 66.5±8.5) with a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted of 44.9+17.2. Participants had a median of 92 observation days (range 52–109). Participants’ average SABA inhaler use ranged from 0.4 to 13.1 puffs/day (median 2.8). Controlling for supplemental oxygen use, long-acting anticholinergic use, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale and influenza season, an IQR increase in PM10 concentration (8.0 µg/m3) was associated with a 6.6% increase in daily puffs (95% CI 3.5% to 9.9%; FDR <0.001). NO2 and EC concentration were also significantly associated with inhaler use (3.9% and 2.9% per IQR increase, respectively).ConclusionsExposure to increased ambient air pollution were associated with a significant increase in SABA use for patients with COPD residing in a low-pollution area.
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Languille, Baptiste, Valérie Gros, Nicolas Bonnaire, Clément Pommier, Cécile Honoré, Christophe Debert, Laurent Gauvin, et al. "A methodology for the characterization of portable sensors for air quality measure with the goal of deployment in citizen science." Science of The Total Environment 708 (March 2020): 134698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134698.
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van den Broek, Jan, David Klein Cerrejon, Sotiris E. Pratsinis, and Andreas T. Güntner. "Selective formaldehyde detection at ppb in indoor air with a portable sensor." Journal of Hazardous Materials 399 (November 2020): 123052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123052.
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Wheeler, Amanda J., Ryan W. Allen, Kerryn Lawrence, Christopher T. Roulston, Jennifer Powell, Grant J. Williamson, Penelope J. Jones, Fabienne Reisen, Geoffrey G. Morgan, and Fay H. Johnston. "Can Public Spaces Effectively Be Used as Cleaner Indoor Air Shelters during Extreme Smoke Events?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084085.
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During extreme air pollution events, such as bushfires, public health agencies often recommend that vulnerable individuals visit a nearby public building with central air conditioning to reduce their exposure to smoke. However, there is limited evidence that these “cleaner indoor air shelters” reduce exposure or health risks. We quantified the impact of a “cleaner indoor air shelter” in a public library in Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia when concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were elevated during a local peat fire and nearby bushfires. Specifically, we evaluated the air quality improvements with central air conditioning only and with the use of portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaners. We measured PM2.5 from August 2019 until February 2020 by deploying pairs of low-cost PM2.5 sensors (i) inside the main library, (ii) in a smaller media room inside the library, (iii) outside the library, and (iv) co-located with regulatory monitors located in the town. We operated two HEPA cleaners in the media room from August until October 2019. We quantified the infiltration efficiency of outdoor PM2.5 concentrations, defined as the fraction of the outdoor PM2.5 concentration that penetrates indoors and remains suspended, as well as the additional effect of HEPA cleaners on PM2.5 concentrations. The infiltration efficiency of outdoor PM2.5 into the air-conditioned main library was 30%, meaning that compared to the PM2.5 concentration outdoors, the concentrations of outdoor-generated PM2.5 indoors were reduced by 70%. In the media room, when the HEPA cleaners were operating, PM2.5 concentrations were reduced further with a PM2.5 infiltration efficiency of 17%. A carefully selected air-conditioned public building could be used as a cleaner indoor air shelter during episodes of elevated smoke emissions. Further improvements in indoor air quality within the building can be achieved by operating appropriately sized HEPA cleaners.
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Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N., Eliana L. Parra-Barrera, Yesith Guillermo Toloza-Pérez, Hanna Soto, Luisa F. Lagos, Daniela Mendez, Andrea Rico, et al. "Assessment of Factors Influencing Personal Exposure to Air Pollution on Main Roads in Bogota: A Mixed-Method Study." Medicina 58, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081125.
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Background and Objectives: Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but small diameter can penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and/or cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the association of environmental particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) with respiratory health in users of different transport modes in four roads in Bogotá. Materials and Methods: this was a mixed-method study (including a cross sectional study and a qualitative description of the air quality perception), in 300 healthy participants, based on an exploratory sequential design. The respiratory effect was measured comparing the changes between pre- and post-spirometry. The PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured using portable devices. Inhaled doses were also calculated for each participant according to the mode and route. Perception was approached through semi-structured interviews. The analysis included multivariate models and concurrent triangulation. Results: The concentration of matter and black carbon were greater in bus users (median 50.67 µg m−3; interquartile range (–IR): 306.7). We found greater inhaled dosages of air pollutants among bike users (16.41 µg m−3). We did not find changes in the spirometry parameter associated with air pollutants or transport modes. The participants reported a major sensory influence at the visual and olfactory level as perception of bad air quality. Conclusions: We observed greater inhaled doses among active transport users. Nevertheless, no pathological changes were identified in the spirometry parameters. People’s perceptions are a preponderant element in the assessment of air quality.
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Tsaknakis, G., A. Papayannis, P. Kokkalis, V. Amiridis, H. D. Kambezidis, R. E. Mamouri, G. Georgoussis, and G. Avdikos. "Inter-comparison of lidar and ceilometer retrievals for aerosol and Planetary Boundary Layer profiling over Athens, Greece." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 6 (June 29, 2011): 1261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1261-2011.
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Abstract. This study presents an inter-comparison of two active remote sensors (lidar and ceilometer) to determine the mixing layer height and structure of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) and to retrieve tropospheric aerosol vertical profiles over Athens, Greece. This inter-comparison was performed under various strongly different aerosol loads/types (urban air pollution, biomass burning and Saharan dust event), implementing two different lidar systems (one portable Raymetrics S.A. lidar system running at 355 nm and one multi-wavelength Raman lidar system running at 355 nm, 532 nm and 1064 nm) and one CL31 Vaisala S.A. ceilometer (running at 910 nm). Spectral conversions of the ceilometer's data were performed using the Ångström exponent estimated by ultraviolet multi-filter radiometer (UV-MFR) measurements. The inter-comparison was based on two parameters: the mixing layer height determined by the presence of the suspended aerosols and the attenuated backscatter coefficient. Additionally, radiosonde data were used to derive the PBL height. In general, a good agreement was found between the ceilometer and the lidar techniques in both inter-compared parameters in the height range from 500 m to 5000 m, while the limitations of each instrument are also examined.
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Tsaknakis, G., A. Papayannis, P. Kokkalis, V. Amiridis, H. D. Kambezidis, R. E. Mamouri, G. Georgoussis, and G. Avdikos. "Inter-comparison of lidar and ceilometer retrievals for aerosol and Planetary Boundary Layer profiling over Athens, Greece." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-73-2011.
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Abstract. This study presents an inter-comparison of two active remote sensors (lidar and ceilometer) in determining the structure of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) and in retrieving tropospheric aerosol vertical profiles over Athens, Greece. This inter-comparison was performed under various strongly different aerosol concentrations (urban air pollution, biomass burning and Saharan dust event), implementing two different lidar systems (one portable Raymetrics S.A. lidar system running at 355 nm and one multi-wavelength Raman lidar system running at 355 nm, 532 nm and 1064 nm) and one CL31 Vaisala S.A. ceilometer (running at 910 nm). To convert the ceilometer data to data having the same wavelengths as those from the lidar, the backscatter-related Ångström exponent was estimated using ultraviolet multi-filter radiometer (UV-MFR) data. The inter-comparison was based on two parameters: the mixing layer structure and height determined by the presence of the suspended aerosols and the aerosol backscatter coefficient. Additionally, radiosonde data were used to derive the PBL height. In general a good agreement is found between the ceilometer and the lidar techniques in both inter-compared parameters in the height range from 500 m to 5000 m, while the limitations of each instrument are also examined.
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Mądziel, Maksymilian, and Tiziana Campisi. "Assessment of vehicle emissions at roundabouts: a comparative study of PEMS data and microscale emission model." Archives of Transport 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9926.
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Energy efficiency has a central role to play in achieving decarbonisation targets in the transport system by changing the demand for mobility (eg. by influencing on peoples behaviors) and improving the performance of the fleet. In recent years there has been an increase of use of private transport, partly due to the recent pandemic and the reduced choice of public transport. People's travel habits have changed in frequency and motivation due to the reduced number of seats on public transport, due to social distancing but also due to online education and teleworking. This increase of use private cars has led to an increase in environmental emissions as a result of the high proportion of vehicles with combustion engines in urban areas. The highest concentrations have been recorded at road intersections and in par-ticular at roundabout configurations where there is a higher number of stop-and-go's overall. The increasing im-portance of air pollution from vehicle traffic has suggested that environmental considerations should be added to these aspects as a criterion for intersection design. Several studies in the literature analyze the environmental emissions generated by vehicle traffic using different methods such as on-site recording, mathematical modeling of dispersion phenomena, micro-simulation of vehicle traffic, use of appropriately equipped vehicles with sensors. This paper pre-sents a comparison between the results obtained from the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) and the results obtained from the VERSIT+ emission model. Specifically, using a Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) installed on a series of test cars, instantaneous CO2 and NOX emissions were measured on repeated trips along two-lane roundabout intersections. The study was carried out by examining a selected two-lane roundabout in the city of Rzeszow (Poland) using 9 different vehicles fueled by petrol, diesel, and LPG. The results show that the investigated VERSIT+ emission model used led to an inaccuracies in the calculation of CO2 and NOx emissions. Furthermore, cur-rent micro-scale emission models may not estimate emissions of harmful exhaust components with sufficient accuracy due to the specificities of roundabout driving. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of new emission models, adapted to the driving behavior of drivers appropriate for different infrastructure objects such as roundabouts.
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Robinson, Johanna Amalia, Rok Novak, Tjaša Kanduč, Thomas Maggos, Demetra Pardali, Asimina Stamatelopoulou, Dikaia Saraga, et al. "User-Centred Design of a Final Results Report for Participants in Multi-Sensor Personal Air Pollution Exposure Monitoring Campaigns." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 12544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312544.
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Using low-cost portable air quality (AQ) monitoring devices is a growing trend in personal exposure studies, enabling a higher spatio-temporal resolution and identifying acute exposure to high concentrations. Comprehension of the results by participants is not guaranteed in exposure studies. However, information on personal exposure is multiplex, which calls for participant involvement in information design to maximise communication output and comprehension. This study describes and proposes a model of a user-centred design (UCD) approach for preparing a final report for participants involved in a multi-sensor personal exposure monitoring study performed in seven cities within the EU Horizon 2020 ICARUS project. Using a combination of human-centred design (HCD), human–information interaction (HII) and design thinking approaches, we iteratively included participants in the framing and design of the final report. User needs were mapped using a survey (n = 82), and feedback on the draft report was obtained from a focus group (n = 5). User requirements were assessed and validated using a post-campaign survey (n = 31). The UCD research was conducted amongst participants in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and the results report was distributed among the participating cities across Europe. The feedback made it clear that the final report was well-received and helped participants better understand the influence of individual behaviours on personal exposure to air pollution.