Academic literature on the topic 'Portable air pollution sensors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Portable air pollution sensors"
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Agrawaal, Harsshit, Courtney Jones, and J. E. Thompson. "Personal Exposure Estimates via Portable and Wireless Sensing and Reporting of Particulate Pollution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030843.
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Low-cost, portable particle sensors (n = 3) were designed, constructed, and used to monitor human exposure to particle pollution at various locations and times in Lubbock, TX. The air sensors consisted of a Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor interfaced to an Arduino Uno R3, and a FONA808 3G communications module. The Arduino Uno was used to receive the signal from calibrated dust sensors to provide a concentration (µg/m3) of suspended particulate matter and coordinate wireless transmission of data via the 3G cellular network. Prior to use for monitoring, dust sensors were calibrated against a reference aerosol monitor (RAM-1) operating independently. Sodium chloride particles were generated inside of a 3.6 m3 mixing chamber while the RAM-1 and each dust sensor recorded signals and calibration was achieved for each dust sensor independently of others by direct comparison with the RAM-1 reading. In an effort to improve the quality of the data stream, the effect of averaging replicate individual pulses of the Sharp sensor when analyzing zero air has been studied. Averaging data points exponentially reduces standard deviation for all sensors with n < 2000 averages but averaging produced diminishing returns after approx. 2000 averages. The sensors exhibited standard deviations for replicate measurements of 3–6 µg/m3 and corresponding 3σ detection limits of 9–18 µg/m3 when 2000 pulses of the dust sensor LED were averaged over an approx. 2 min data collection/transmission cycle. To demonstrate portable monitoring, concentration values from the dust sensors were sent wirelessly in real time to a ThingSpeak channel, while tracking the sensor’s latitude and longitude using an on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor. Outdoor and indoor air quality measurements were made at different places and times while human volunteers carried sensors. The measurements indicated walking by restaurants and cooking at home increased the exposure to particulate matter. The construction of the dust sensors and data collected from this research enhance the current research by describing an open-source concept and providing initial measurements. In principle, sensors can be massively multiplexed and used to generate real-time maps of particulate matter around a given location.
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Harika, D., U. Sravya, V. Akshaya, and M. Kavyangali. "Arduino Based Air Pollution Monitoring System." Journal on Electronic and Automation Engineering 2, no. 2 (2023): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jeae/2/2/1.
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Day to day, the level of Air pollution is increasing rapidly due to increase industries, factories, vehicle use which affect human health. So here we have designed a device/system which can measure air quality around it and monitor air pollution levels and also indicates and warns us when the air quality goes down beyond a certain level. This system can sense LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and CO, these gases are harmful to human health. So, this system is perfect for Air Quality Monitoring. This is a small portable device, we can use it at our home, office, classroom, and factory. It can save us from harmful gases. Air pollution is the presence of extra unwanted biological molecules, particulates or other harmful things into the earth atmosphere. It is a major cause of infections, allergies, and eventually reasons of death to some people. It also harms to other existing creatures like that animal as well as food crops, or the ecological or built environment. They are also and thus a reason of death if unprotected for a long time. The world health organization (WHO) in 2014 approximated those 7 million people deaths worldwide because of air pollution. The similar approximation roughly equalled by the International Energy Agency (IEA) also. These chemicals or pollutants are also responsible for various environmental calamities like acid rain and depletion of ozone layer. Because of a number of anthropogenic actions, air pollution is on the growth and its controlling is of significant importance to alleviate particular actions to limit it. In the past, the air quality measuring sensors were very big, non-portable and expensive. Presently, most air pollution sensors developed on five most common air pollutants viz. nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. In today’s world, air pollution and quality monitoring are really vital as it has a great effect on human health. The developed air-quality measurement sensor can identify and observe the incidence of air pollution in the adjacent areas. It can be employed for both indoor and outdoor. With the help of future technological improvements, these sensors will become cheaper and more common, inexpensive, portable air-quality sensors which can be wearable by people to observe the local air quality.
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Dessimond, Boris, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Jean-Louis Pepin, Salim Srairi, and Giovanni Pau. "Academically Produced Air Pollution Sensors for Personal Exposure Assessment: The Canarin Project." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051876.
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The World Health Organization has estimated that air pollution is a major threat to health, causing approximately nine million premature deaths every year. Each individual has, over their lifetime, a unique exposure to air pollution through their habits, working and living conditions. Medical research requires dedicated tools to assess and understand individual exposure to air pollution in view of investigating its health effects. This paper presents portable sensors produced by the Canarin Project that provides accessible, real time personal exposure data to particulate matter. Our primary results demonstrate the use of portable sensors for the assessment of personal exposure to the different micro-environments attended by individuals, and for inspecting the short-term effects of air pollution through the example of sleep apnea. These findings underscore the necessity of obtaining contextual data in determining environmental exposure and give perspectives for the future of air pollution sensors dedicated to medical research.
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Kortoçi, Pranvera, Naser Hossein Motlagh, Martha Arbayani Zaidan, et al. "Air pollution exposure monitoring using portable low-cost air quality sensors." Smart Health 23 (March 2022): 100241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smhl.2021.100241.
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Joshi, Hiral M., Vibhutikumar G. Joshi, and Hiteshkumar J. Lad. "Distributed Embedded System for Air Quality Monitoring based on Long Range (LoRa) Technology." Current World Environment 19, no. 1 (2024): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.18.
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This study addresses the persistent challenge of urban air quality deterioration through the introduction of the Distributed Embedded System (DES). In response to limitations associated with conventional air quality measurement methods, the DES system offers a cost-effective and portable alternative for real-time monitoring. The study focuses on implementing a low-cost distributed system and developing effective communication protocols between sensor nodes. Equipped with Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) sensors for pollutant gases, optical sensors for particulate matter, and meteorological sensors, the system strategically deploys multiple nodes within a 4 km range of urban areas. Real-time AQI and pollution severity have been measured for various locations. Implementation of Long Range (LoRa) communication technology allows the sensor nodes to efficiently transmit data to a central base station. Observations of received signal strength and signal quality indicate reliable and effective communication. To validate accuracy and reliability, acquired DES system data undergoes comparative analysis with data from a government-established meteorological station, revealing a strong correlation. This innovative approach presents a promising solution for widespread, continuous, and cost-effective real-time air quality monitoring in urban areas. The DES system addresses key challenges associated with air pollution, offering a portable and accessible tool that could revolutionize urban air quality management.
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K, Jaganathan. "Portable Air Quality Monitoring and Controlling System Using Vacuum Draw-Off." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 10, no. 07 (2023): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2023.v1007.38.
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Air pollution is one of the most concerning facts of today’s world. Among all air pollution poses a serious threat for health. It affects human body through breathing and since this pollution is barely visible in eye, a monitoring system is necessary to stay cautious. This is the motivation behind our work so that in hospital all people can stay aware of the toxic gas (CO) they are breathing. Our objective is to provide a system to measure continuous Air Quality in hospital environment and AQI level using gas sensors and also an inbuilt fire detector is present to determine fire out broken. We proposed a portable model in which monitoring sensors are connected through IoT technology. From previous dataset we got high accuracy. In this model our aim to detect the toxic gas and fire outbreak by using the gas sensor MQ2, MQ7, MQ135 and flame sensor. When the toxic gas is detected, the vacuum can automatically run and suck the toxic gas. In addition to this, it provides alert to the main device which is connected through IOT and buzzer. we included fire detector, DHT11-temperature and moisture to maintain the environment in hospital. Whenever the temperature and moisture are crossed the normal range, it gives alert to the device (mobile) by Bluetooth. Also, we're going to use the air purifier model to reduce the problems.
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Chatzidiakou, Lia, Anika Krause, Olalekan A. M. Popoola, et al. "Characterising low-cost sensors in highly portable platforms to quantify personal exposure in diverse environments." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 8 (2019): 4643–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4643-2019.
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Abstract. The inaccurate quantification of personal exposure to air pollution introduces error and bias in health estimations, severely limiting causal inference in epidemiological research worldwide. Rapid advancements in affordable, miniaturised air pollution sensor technologies offer the potential to address this limitation by capturing the high variability of personal exposure during daily life in large-scale studies with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, concerns remain regarding the suitability of novel sensing technologies for scientific and policy purposes. In this paper we characterise the performance of a portable personal air quality monitor (PAM) that integrates multiple miniaturised sensors for nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) measurements along with temperature, relative humidity, acceleration, noise and GPS sensors. Overall, the air pollution sensors showed high reproducibility (mean R‾2=0.93, min–max: 0.80–1.00) and excellent agreement with standard instrumentation (mean R‾2=0.82, min–max: 0.54–0.99) in outdoor, indoor and commuting microenvironments across seasons and different geographical settings. An important outcome of this study is that the error of the PAM is significantly smaller than the error introduced when estimating personal exposure based on sparsely distributed outdoor fixed monitoring stations. Hence, novel sensing technologies such as the ones demonstrated here can revolutionise health studies by providing highly resolved reliable exposure metrics at a large scale to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of air pollution on health.
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Bodić, Milan, Vladimir Rajs, Marko Vasiljević Toskić, Jovan Bajić, Branislav Batinić, and Miloš Arbanas. "Methods of Measuring Air Pollution in Cities and Correlation of Air Pollutant Concentrations." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102984.
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The monitoring of air quality continues to be one of the most important tasks when ensuring the safety of our environment. This paper aims to look at correlations between different types of pollutants, so that robust air quality measurement systems can be deployed in remote, inaccessible areas, at a reduced cost. The first matter at hand was to design an affordable and portable system capable of measuring different air pollutants. A custom PCB was designed that could support the acquisition of readings of, among others, particulate and CO sensors. Then, correlations between the concentrations of different pollutants were analyzed to identify if measuring the concentration of one type of pollutant can allow the extrapolation of the concentration of another. This particular study focuses on the correlations between the concentrations of particulate matter and CO. Finally, after observing a moderate correlation, it was proposed to measure the concentrations of pollutants that require less expensive sensors, and to extrapolate the concentrations of pollutants that require a more expensive sensor to measure their concentration. The link between particulate pollution and CO concentrations was identified and discussed as the result of this study.
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Sesé, L., T. Gille, G. Pau, et al. "Low-cost air quality portable sensors and their potential use in respiratory health." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 27, no. 11 (2023): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.23.0197.
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Air pollution is an environmental risk for the general population and for patients with various diseases, particularly respiratory diseases. Little data are available on personal exposure, but the recent emergence of low-cost air quality sensors (LCSs) should enable a better understanding of the health impacts of air pollution at the individual level. However, the reliability and accuracy of most sensors in the market have not been established, and a thorough understanding of their strengths and limitations is needed. We therefore conducted a review to address the following questions: 1) What is an LCS and what is the extent of its possible application? 2) Is the data obtained a reliable indicator of exposure? 3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of LCSs? 4) Could LCSs be useful in investigating the impact of air pollution on respiratory health? Further studies are needed to promote the use of LCS in research settings and among respiratory patients. This will allow us to monitor exposure levels, provide alerts and study the respiratory effects of individual-level air pollution.
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Park, Yoo Min, Sinan Sousan, Dillon Streuber, and Kai Zhao. "GeoAir—A Novel Portable, GPS-Enabled, Low-Cost Air-Pollution Sensor: Design Strategies to Facilitate Citizen Science Research and Geospatial Assessments of Personal Exposure." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113761.
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The rapid evolution of air sensor technologies has offered enormous opportunities for community-engaged research by enabling citizens to monitor the air quality at any time and location. However, many low-cost portable sensors do not provide sufficient accuracy or are designed only for technically capable individuals by requiring pairing with smartphone applications or other devices to view/store air quality data and collect location data. This paper describes important design considerations for portable devices to ensure effective citizen engagement and reliable data collection for the geospatial analysis of personal exposure. It proposes a new, standalone, portable air monitor, GeoAir, which integrates a particulate matter (PM) sensor, volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor, humidity and temperature sensor, LTE-M and GPS module, Wi-Fi, long-lasting battery, and display screen. The preliminary laboratory test results demonstrate that the PM sensor shows strong performance when compared to a reference instrument. The VOC sensor presents reasonable accuracy, while further assessments with other types of VOC are needed. The field deployment and geo-visualization of the field data illustrate that GeoAir collects fine-grained, georeferenced air pollution data. GeoAir can be used by all citizens regardless of their technical proficiency and is widely applicable in many fields, including environmental justice and health disparity research.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Portable air pollution sensors"
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Dessimond, Boris. "Exposition individuelle à la pollution de l’air : mesure par capteurs miniatures, modélisation et évaluation des risques sanitaires associés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS297.
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La pollution de l’air contribue à dégrader la qualité de vie et à réduire l’espérance de vie des populations. L’organisation mondiale de la santé estime que la pollution de l’air est responsable de 7 millions de morts par an dans le monde. Elle participe à aggraver les maladies respiratoires, cause des cancers du poumon et des crises cardiaques. La pollution de l’air a donc des conséquences sanitaires importantes sur la vie humaine et la biodiversité. Ces dernières années, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés dans le domaine des microcontrôleurs et des modules de télécommunications. Ces derniers sont de plus efficients énergétiquement, performants, abordables, accessibles et sont responsables de l’émergence des objets connectés. Parallèlement, les récents développements des microsystèmes électromécaniques et des capteurs électrochimiques ont permis la miniaturisation des technologies permettant de mesurer de nombreux paramètres environnementaux dont la qualité de l’air. Ces avancées technologiques ont ainsi permis la conception et la production dans un cadre académique de capteurs de la qualité de l’air, portatifs, connectés, autonomes et en capacité de réaliser des acquisitions à une fréquence temporelle élevée. Jusqu’à récemment, l’un des majeurs freins à la compréhension de l’impact de la pollution de l’air sur la santé fut l’impossibilité de connaître l’exposition réelle des individus durant leur vie quotidienne ; la pollution de l’air est complexe et varie en fonction des habitudes, des activités et environnements empruntés par les individus. Ces capteurs portatifs de la qualité de l’air permettent donc de lever entièrement ce frein ainsi qu’un nombre important de contraintes. Ils sont conçus pour être utilisables en mobilité, sur de longues périodes et produisent des données granulaires, immédiatement disponibles, décrivant l’exposition à la pollution de l’air du porteur. Bien que les modules de mesure embarqués dans ces capteurs ne soient aujourd’hui pas aussi performants que les instruments de références ou la télédétection, lorsqu’il s’agit d’évaluer l’exposition individuelle à la pollution de l’air, parce qu'ils sont au plus proche des individus, ils permettent d’obtenir l’information la plus fidèle et constituent donc un outil indispensable pour l’avenir de la recherche épidémiologique. Dans ce contexte, nous avons participé au développement et à l’amélioration de deux capteurs de la qualité de l’air ; le CANARIN II et le CANARIN nano. Le CANARIN II est un capteur connecté communiquant par Wi-Fi, qui rapporte les concentrations de particules de diamètre 10, 2.5 et 1 micromètre, ainsi que les paramètres environnementaux de température, humidité et pression, chaque minute et les rend disponible en temps réel. Le CANARIN nano est, quant à lui, un capteur de plus petite taille, possédant les mêmes capacités que le CANARIN II, tout en faisant additionnellement l’acquisition des composés organiques volatils. Il est en capacité de fonctionner de manière autonome, puisque communiquant par réseau cellulaire. Deux types de résultats ont été obtenus avec les capteurs CANARIN ; d’une part, des résultats produits à partir de leur utilisation dans des conditions de vie réelle, d'autre part, des résultats en lien avec l'interprétation et la compréhension des mesures produites par les capteurs de particules dont les CANARINs sont équipés. Ces deux capteurs furent ainsi tous deux exploités par deux projets de recherche, au sein desquels nous avons accompagné le déploiement de plusieurs flottes de capteurs hétérogènes et réalisé l’analyse des données acquises. [...]<br>Air pollution contributes to the degradation of the quality of life and the reduction of life expectancy of the populations. The World Health Organization estimates that air pollution is responsible for 7 million deaths per year worldwide. It contributes to the aggravation of respiratory diseases, causes lung cancer and heart attacks. Air pollution has therefore significant health consequences on human life and biodiversity. Over the last few years, considerable progress has been made in the field of microcontrollers and telecommunications modules. These are more energy efficient, powerful, affordable, accessible, and are responsible for the growth of connected objects. In the meantime, the recent development of microelectromechanical systems and electrochemical sensors has allowed the miniaturization of technologies measuring many environmental parameters including air quality. These technological breakthroughs have enabled the design and production in an academic environment, of portable, connected, autonomous air quality sensors capable of performing acquisitions at a high temporal frequency. Until recently, one of the major obstacles to understanding the impact of air pollution on human health was the inability to track the real exposure of individuals during their daily lives; air pollution is complex, and varies according to the habits, activities and environments in which individuals spend their lives. Portable air quality sensors completely remove this obstacle as well as a number of other important constraints. These are designed to be used in mobility, over long periods of time, and produce immediately available granular data, which describes the exposure to air pollution of the person wearing it. Although the measurement modules embedded in these sensors are not currently as reliable as reference tools or remote sensing, when it comes to assessing individual exposure to air pollution, because they are as close as possible to the wearer, they provide the most accurate information, and are therefore an indispensable tool for the future of epidemiological research. In this context, we have been involved in the development and improvement of two air quality sensors; the CANARIN II and the CANARIN nano. The CANARIN II is a connected sensor communicating via Wi-Fi, which reports the concentration of 10, 2.5 and 1 micrometer diameter particles, as well as the environmental parameters of temperature, humidity, and pressure, every minute, making them available in real time. The CANARIN nano is a smaller sensor with the same capabilities of the CANARIN II, while additionally sensing volatile organic compounds levels. The CANARIN nano is able to operate autonomously, as it communicates through the cellular network. Two types of results have been obtained with the CANARIN sensors; on one hand, results produced from their use in real life conditions, and on the other hand, results related to the interpretation and understanding of the measurements produced by the particle sensors. These two sensors were both used in two research projects, in which we have helped deploy several heterogeneous sensor fleets and analyzed the acquired data. Firstly, in the POLLUSCOPE project funded by the French National Research Agency, where 86 volunteers from the general population wore a set of air pollution sensors for a total of 101 weeks, 35 of which the volunteers were also equipped with health sensors. Secondly, in the POLLAR project, where 43 subjects underwent polysomnography and then wore one CANARIN sensor for 10 days, thus allowing for the first time to explore the link between sleep apnea and particulate matter exposure. [...]
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Halliday, Norman. "The detection of atmospheric vapours using optical waveguide sensors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329774.
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Mölder, Mikael. "A Mobile Platform for Measuring Air Pollution in Cities using Gas Sensors." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232121.
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Although air pollution is one of the largest threats to human health, the data available to the public is often sparse and not very accurate nor updated. For example, there exists only about 5-10 air quality measuring points across the city of Stockholm. This means that the available data is good in close proximity of the sensing equipment but can differentiate much only a couple of blocks away. In order for individuals to receive up to date information around a larger city, stationary measurements are not sufficient enough to get a clear picture of how the current state of the air quality stands. Instead, other methods of collecting this data is needed, for instance by making the measurements mobile. GOEASY is a project financed by the European Commission where Galileo, Europe’s new navigational service, is used to enable more location-based service applications. As part of the GOEASY project is the evaluation of the potential of collaborative applications where users are engaged to help individuals affected by breathing-related diseases such as asthma. This thesis presents the choice of architecture and the implementation of a mobile platform serving this purpose. Using sensors mounted on a range of objects real time air quality data is collected and made available. The result is a mobile platform and connected Android application which by utilizing air quality sensors, reports pollution measurements together with positional coordinates to a central server. Thanks to the features of the underlying systems used, this provides a platform which is accurate and more resilient to exploits compared to traditional location-based services available today. The result allows individuals with respiratory conditions to receive much more accurate and up to date information in a larger resolution. It also serves the purpose of demonstrating the potential of the supporting technology as part of the GOEASY project.<br>Trots att föroreningar i luften är bland de största hoten mot mänsklig hälsa är den information som finns tillgänglig för allmänheten ofta både gles och inte tillräckligt noggrann eller uppdaterad. Till exempel finns det i hela Storstockholm endast mellan 5–10 luftkvalitetstationer som mäter föroreningar. Detta innebär att den data som finns tillgänglig är bra i närheten av mätutrustningen men kan skilja sig mycket enbart ett par kvarter bort. För att öka mängden information som är tillgänglig till allmänheten räcker inte längre enbart de stationära lösningarna som finns idag för att visa hur de rådande halterna av föroreningar står sig. Andra metoder måste införas, exempelvis genom att nyttja mobila mätningar från en plattform som kan röra sig fritt. GOEASY är ett projekt finansierat av den Europeiska Kommissionen, där Galileo, Europas nya navigationssystem används för att tillåta fler platsbaserade tjänster att äntra marknaden. Som en del av GOEASY projektet ingår evalueringen av potentialen i en applikation där användare samlar in data för att hjälpa individer med andningssvårigheter som astma. Denna avhandling presenterar valen till arkitekturen samt implementationen av en mobil plattform som en del av GOEASY. Lösningen använder sig av mobila luftkvalitetsensorer som kan monteras på en rad olika objekt som samlar data i realtid som görs tillgänglig för allmänheten. Resultatet är en mobil plattform och tillhörande Android applikation som med hjälp av luftkvalitetsensorer rapporterar halten av olika skadliga föroreningar tillsammans med platsinformation till en central server. Tack vare egenskaperna av de underliggande systemen som används, skapas en plattform som är mycket mer precis när det gäller positionering jämfört med liknande system som finns tillgängligt. Det resulterande systemet gör det möjligt för individer med andningssvårigheter att få tillgång till noggrannare samt mer uppdaterad information i större utsträckning än vad som för närvarande är tillgängligt. Systemet fyller även syftet med att demonstrera potentialen i den bakomliggande teknologin som en del av GOEASY.
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Cai, Wei. "Novel sensors on vehicle measurement of emissions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259567.
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Kretsch, Amanda Renee. "Detection of Harmful Chemicals in the Air using Portable Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248526/.
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Portable mass spectrometry has become an important analytical tool for chemical detection and identification outside of a lab setting. Many variations and applications have been developed to benefit various fields of science. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry is used to allow certain analytes to pass into the mass spectrometer without breaking vacuum or letting in large particulate matter. These two important analytical tools have been applied to the detection of harmful chemicals in the air. Earth-based separations and reverse gas stack modelling are useful mathematical tools that can be used to locate the source of a chemical release by back calculation. Earth-based separations studies the way different molecules will diffuse and separate through the air. Reverse gas stack modelling refers to the concentration differences of a chemical in relation to its distance from its source. These four analytical techniques can be combined to quickly and accurately locate various harmful chemical releases. The same system can be used for many applications and has been tested to detect harmful chemicals within and air-handling system. The monitoring of air-handling systems can greatly reduce the threat of harm to the building occupants by detecting hazardous chemicals and shutting off the air flow to minimize human exposure.
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De, Smedt Isabelle. "Long-term global observations of tropospheric formaldehyde retrieved from spaceborne nadir UV sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209919.
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Atmospheric formaldehyde (H2CO) is an intermediate product common to the degradation of many volatile organic compounds and therefore it is a central component of the tropospheric chemistry. While the global formaldehyde background is due to methane oxidation, emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) from biogenic, biomass burning and anthropogenic continental sources result in important and localised enhancements of the H2CO concentration. Recent spaceborne nadir sensors provide an opportunity to quantify the abundance of tropospheric formaldehyde at the global scale, and thereby to improve our knowledge of NMVOC emissions. This is essential for a better understanding of the processes that control the production and the evolution of tropospheric ozone, a key actor in air quality and climate change, but also of the hydroxyl radical OH, the main cleansing agent of our troposphere. For this reason, H2CO satellite observations are increasingly used in combination with tropospheric chemistry transport models to constrain NMVOC emission inventories in so-called top-down inversion approaches. Such inverse modelling applications require well characterised satellite data products consistently retrieved over long time periods.<p>This work reports on global observations of formaldehyde columns retrieved from the successive solar backscatter nadir sensors GOME, SCIAMACHY and GOME-2, respectively launched in 1995, 2002 and 2006. The retrieval procedure is based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique (DOAS). Formaldehyde concentrations integrated along the mean atmospheric optical path are derived from the recorded spectra in the UV region, and further converted to vertical columns by means of calculated air mass factors. These are obtained from radiative transfer simulations, accounting for cloud coverage, surface properties and best-guess H2CO profiles, the latter being derived from the IMAGES chemistry transport model. A key task of the thesis has consisted in the optimisation of the H2CO retrieval settings from multiple sensors, taking into account the instrumental specificities of each sounder. As a result of these efforts, a homogeneous dataset of formaldehyde columns covering the period from 1996 to 2010 has been created. This comes with a comprehensive error budget that treats errors related to the spectral fit of the columns as well as those associated to the air mass factor evaluation. The time series of the GOME, SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 H2CO observations is shown to be consistent and stable over time. In addition, GOME-2 brings a significant reduction of the noise on spatiotemporally averaged observations, leading to a better identification of the emission sources. Our dataset is used to study the regional formaldehyde distribution, as well as its seasonal and interannual variations, principally related to temperature changes and fire events, but also to anthropogenic activities. Moreover, building on the quality of our 15-year time series, we present the first analysis of long-term changes in the H2CO columns. Positive trends, in the range of 1.5 to 4% yr-1, are found in Asia, more particularly in Eastern China and India, and are related to the known increase of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in these regions. Finally, our dataset has been extensively used in several studies, in particular by the BIRA-IASB modelling team to constrain NMVOC emission fluxes. The results demonstrate the high potential of satellite data as top-down constraint for biogenic and biomass burning NMVOC emission inventories, especially in Tropical ecosystems, in Southeastern Asia, and in Southeastern US. <p><p>Le formaldéhyde (H2CO) joue un rôle central dans la chimie de la troposphère en tant que produit intermédiaire commun à la dégradation chimique de la plupart des composés organiques volatils dans l’atmosphère. L’oxydation du méthane est responsable de plus de la moitié de la concentration moyenne globale du formaldéhyde. Sur les continents en revanche, les hydrocarbures non-méthaniques (NMVOCs) émis par la végétation, les feux de biomasse et les activités humaines, augmentent de façon significative et localisée la concentration de H2CO. Les récents senseurs satellitaires à visée nadir offrent la possibilité de quantifier à l’échelle globale l’abondance du formaldéhyde dans la troposphère et de ce fait, d’améliorer notre connaissance des émissions de NMVOCs. Ceci est essentiel à la compréhension des mécanismes contrôlant la production et l’évolution de l’ozone troposphérique, élément clé pour la qualité de l’air et les changements climatiques, mais aussi du composé hydroxyle OH, le principal agent nettoyant de notre troposphère. C’est pourquoi, une méthode de plus en plus répandue pour améliorer les inventaires d’émissions des NMVOCs consiste en l’utilisation d’observations satellitaires de H2CO en combinaison avec un modèle de chimie et de transport troposphérique, dans une approche appelée modélisation inverse. Ce genre d’application demande des produits satellitaires bien caractérisés et dérivés de façon cohérente sur de longues périodes de temps.<p>Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit porte sur l’inversion des colonnes de formaldéhyde à partir de spectres de la radiation solaire rétrodiffusée par l’atmosphère terrestre, mesurés par les senseurs GOME, SCIAMACHY et GOME-2, lancés successivement en 1995, 2002 et 2006. La méthode d’inversion est basée sur la spectroscopie d’absorption optique différentielle (DOAS). Les concentrations de formaldéhyde intégrées le long du chemin optique moyen dans l’atmosphère sont dérivées à partir des spectres mesurés, et ensuite transformées en colonnes verticales par le biais de facteurs de conversion appelés facteurs de masse d’air. Ces derniers sont calculés à l’aide d’un modèle de transfert radiatif, en tenant compte de la présence de nuages, des propriétés de la surface terrestre et la distribution verticale supposée du formaldéhyde, fournie par le modèle IMAGES. Un des objectifs principaux de la thèse a été d’optimiser les paramètres d’inversion pour H2CO, et ceci pour les trois senseurs, tout en tenant compte des spécificités de chaque instrument. Ces efforts ont conduit à la création d’un jeu de données homogène, couvrant la période de 1996 à 2010. Les colonnes sont fournies avec un bilan d’erreur complet, incluant les erreurs liées à l’inversion des concentrations dans les spectres, ainsi que celles provenant de l’évaluation des facteurs de masse d’air. La série temporelle des observations de GOME, SCIAMACHY et GOME-2 présente une bonne cohérence et stabilité sur toute la période. Nous montrons aussi que la meilleure couverture terrestre de GOME-2 entraîne une réduction significative du bruit sur les observations moyennées, permettant une meilleure identification des sources d’émission. Notre jeu de données est exploité pour étudier la distribution régionale du formaldéhyde, ainsi que ses variations saisonnières et interannuelles, principalement liées aux variations de température et aux feux de végétation, mais aussi aux activités anthropiques. De plus, en s’appuyant sur la qualité de la série temporelle de 15 ans, nous présentons la première analyse des variations à long terme des concentrations de H2CO. Des tendances positives, de l’ordre de 1.5 à 4% par an, sont observées en Asie, en particulier dans l’est de la Chine et en Inde, liées à l’augmentation des émissions anthropiques d’hydrocarbures dans ces régions. Finalement, nos données ont été largement exploitées par le groupe de modélisation de l’IASB pour faire des études de modélisation inverse des émissions de NMVOCs. Les résultats démontrent le haut potentiel des données satellitaires pour contraindre les inventaires d’émissions dues à la végétation et aux feux de biomasse, particulièrement dans les écosystèmes tropicaux, en Asie du sud-est, et dans le sud-est des Etats-Unis.<br>Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Stewart, Gregor Baird. "Characterisation and use of electrochemical sensors for measurements of personal exposure to gas-phase air pollution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708277.
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Isiugo, Kelechi I. "Traffic-Related Air Pollutants: Measurement, Modeling and Respiratory Health Effects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535464094176172.
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Smith, Jeffrey Paul. "AirSniffer: A Smartphone-Based Sensor Module for Personal Micro-Climate Monitoring." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849691/.
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Environmental factors can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and a primary characteristic of environments is air quality. Air sensing equipment is available to the public, but it is often expensive,stationary, or unusable for persons without technical expertise. The goal of this project is to develop an inexpensive and portable sensor module for public use. The system is capable of measuring temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit, heat index, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. The sensor module, referred to as the "sniffer," consists of a printed circuit board that interconnects a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature/humidity sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a Bluetooth module. The sniffer is small enough to be worn as a pendant or a belt attachment, and it is rugged enough to consistently collect and transmit data to a user's smartphone throughout their workday. The accompanying smartphone app uses Bluetooth and GPS hardware to collect data and affix samples with a time stamp and GPS coordinates. The accumulated sensor data is saved to a file on the user's phone, which is then examined on a standard computer.
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Popoola, Olalekan Abdul Muiz. "Studies of urban air quality using electrochemical based sensor instruments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243620.
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Poor air quality has been projected to be the world’s top cause of environmental premature mortality by 2050 surpassing poor sanitation and dirty water (IGBP / IGAC press release, 2012 ). One of the major challenges of air quality management is how to adequately quantify both the spatial and temporal variations of pollutants for the purpose of implementing necessary mitigation measures. The work described in this thesis aims to address this problem using novel electrochemical based air quality (AQ) sensors. These instruments are shown to provide cost effective, portable, reliable, indicative measurements for urban air quality assessment as well as for personal exposure studies. Three principal pollutants CO, NO and NO2 are simultaneously measured in each unit of the AQ instrument including temperature / RH measurements as well as GPS (for time and position) and GPRS for data transmission. Laboratory studies showed that the electrochemical sensor nodes can be highly sensitive, showing linear response during calibration tests at ppb level (0-160 ppb). The instrumental detection limits were found to be < 4 ppb (CO and NO) and < 1 ppb for NO2 with fast response time equivalent to t90 < 20 s. Several field studies were carried out involving deployment of both the mobile and static electrochemical sensor nodes. Results from some short-term studies in four different cities including Cambridge (UK), London (UK), Valencia (Spain) and Lagos (Nigeria) are presented. The measurements in these cities represent snapshot of the pollution levels, the stark contrast between the pollution level especially CO (mean mixing ratio of 16 ppm over 3 hrs) in Lagos and the other three cities is a reflection of the poor air quality in that part of the world. Results from long-term AQ monitoring using network of 46 static AQ sensors were used to characterise pollution in different environments ranging from urban to semi-urban and rural locations. By coupling meteorological information (wind measurements) with pollution data, pollution sources, and phenomena like the street canyon effect can be studied. Results from the long-term study also revealed that siting of the current fixed monitoring stations can fail to represent the actual air quality distribution and may therefore be unrepresentative. This work has shown the capability of electrochemical based AQ sensors in complementing the existing fixed site monitors thus demonstrating an emerging measurement paradigm for air quality monitoring and regulation, source attribution and human exposure studies.
Books on the topic "Portable air pollution sensors"
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David, Williams. Air pollution and the market for monitors and sensors. Business Communications Co., 1994.
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Lindsey, Keiran. Air pollution and the market for monitors and sensors. Business Communications Co., 2003.
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Mulloy, Diana. Air pollution and the market for monitors and sensors. Business Communications Co., 1989.
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Aherin, Robert A. Using sensors to detect potentially hazardous atmospheres in production agriculture. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Agricultural Library, Technology Transfer Information Center, 1996.
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Stoll, Peter J. Residential lit fireplace detection and density measurement using airborne mult-spectral [sic] sensors. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.
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Berkley, Richard E. Evaluation of photovac 10S50 portable photoionization gas chromatograph for analysis of toxic organic pollutants in ambient air. U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1987.
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Berkley, Richard E. Evaluation of photovac 10S50 portable photoionization gas chromatograph for analysis of toxic organic pollutants in ambient air. U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1987.
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Torvela, Heikki. Detection Of Air Pollution And Studies On Ceramic Tin Dioxide Sensors Used To Sense Gases Emitted From Combustion Processes. University of Oulu, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Portable air pollution sensors"
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Suriano, D., R. Rossi, M. Alvisi, et al. "A Portable Sensor System for Air Pollution Monitoring and Malodours Olfactometric Control." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0935-9_15.
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Shakmak, Bubaker, Matthew Watkins, and Amin Al-Habaibeh. "How Clean Is the Air You Breathe? Air Quality During Commuting Using Various Transport Modes in Nottingham." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_31.
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AbstractAir quality has developed into a significant global issue and its negative effect on human health, wellbeing and ultimately the effect of shortening of life expectancy is becoming a pressing concern. Such concerns are most acute in cities in the UK. Although many cities, including Nottingham, are taking significant measures to enhance air quality, there was limited work focusing on the individual’s experience during commuting. This paper suggests a novel approach for measuring commuting air quality through quantifying particulate matters PM2.5 and PM10, using the city of Nottingham as a case study. Portable low-cost systems comprising of a GPS sensor and an Aeroqual pollution data logger were used to capture data and develop the sensor fusion via newly developed software. Data was collected from a variety of transport modes comprising bike, bus, car, tram and walking to provide evidence on relative particulate levels and 2D and 3D data maps were produced to communicate the relative pollution levels in a publicly accessible manner. The study found as expected particulate pollution to be higher during peak hours and typically closer to the city. However whilst the lowest particulate concentrations were found on the Tram the highest were for cyclists contrary to the literature. The project encompasses a democratic crowd sourced approach to data collection by enabling the public to gather data via their daily commute, increasing people’s awareness of the air quality in their locality. The acquired data permitted a range of comparisons considering differing times of day and zones such as the city centre and surrounding residential areas in the City council boundary.
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Pochwatko, Grzegorz, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski, Wiesław Kopeć, et al. "Representation of Air Pollution in Augmented Reality: Tools for Population–Wide Behavioral Change." In Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37649-8_15.
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AbstractAir quality affects health and, unfortunately, has been deteriorating rapidly recently. The problem is significant in smaller towns where the important source of pollution is the heating of households and water from individual sources. Therefore, the inhabitants have an influence on a significant reduction of pollution in their area, but at the same time, they are very often not aware of it. Raising awareness about household-related air pollution plays a vital role as systemic solutions proposed by state and local authorities require the support of local communities. The situation has recently become even more serious as we are facing a crisis caused by the Russian war in Ukraine, which has led to an increase in energy and fuel prices and has postponed restrictions on the use of solid fuels or even incentives to use inferior fuels. Pathologies, such as burning garbage in old-style furnaces, have still not been eliminated. One of the ways of raising citizens’ awareness was to be public, easily accessible information about air quality. Many portals, services, and applications currently provide local air quality data, but few people use them. One reason may be that the figures and graphs can be confusing or unattractive to audiences who are not used to reading scientific reports. Visualizing air quality with augmented reality overcomes these obstacles. A mobile application that can use local elements as triggers and a symbolic representation of air quality based on data read in real-time from sensors is simple, attractive for non-experts, and has an additional educational value. We present the experience of creating such an application and prototype tests with the participation of potential users. Unfortunately, the collected results confirm the low awareness of excessive pollution in a given area and its negative impact on health. However, the interest of potential users and positive opinions about the tested prototype fill with optimism.
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Osmond, Barry, and Yong-Mok Park. "Field-Portable Imaging System for Measurement of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching." In Air Pollution and Plant Biotechnology. Springer Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68388-9_16.
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Kar, Pradip. "Nanomaterials Based Sensors for Air Pollution Control." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26668-4_10.
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Nichol, Janet E., Muhammad Bilal, Majid Nazeer, and Man Sing Wong. "Urban Pollution." In Urban Informatics. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_16.
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AbstractThis chapter depicts the state of the art in remote sensing for urban pollution monitoring, including urban heat islands, urban air quality, and water quality around urban coastlines. Recent developments in spatial and temporal resolutions of modern sensors, and in retrieval methodologies and gap-filling routines, have increased the applicability of remote sensing for urban areas. However, capturing the spatial heterogeneity of urban areas is still challenging, given the spatial resolution limitations of aerosol retrieval algorithms for air-quality monitoring, and of modern thermal sensors for urban heat island analysis. For urban coastal applications, water-quality parameters can now be retrieved with adequate spatial and temporal detail even for localized phenomena such as algal blooms, pollution plumes, and point pollution sources. The chapter reviews the main sensors used, and developments in retrieval algorithms. For urban air quality the MODIS Dark Target (DT), Deep Blue (DB), and the merged DT/DB algorithms are evaluated. For urban heat island and urban climatic analysis using coarse- and medium- resolution thermal sensors, MODIS, Landsat, and ASTER are evaluated. For water-quality monitoring, medium spatial resolution sensors including Landsat, HJ1A/B, and Sentinel 2, are evaluated as potential replacements for expensive routine ship-borne monitoring.
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Frederickson, Louise Bøge, Emma Amalie Petersen-Sonn, Yuwei Shen, et al. "Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Pollution." In Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects. Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0596-7_1084.
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Spittler, T. M. "The Use of Portable Instrumentation for Assessing Environmental Contamination in the Urals Region of Russia." In Air Pollution in the Ural Mountains. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5208-2_9.
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Sharma, Konika, and Shweta Yadav. "Air Quality Monitoring Using Geospatial Technology and Field Sensors." In Geospatial Analytics for Environmental Pollution Modeling. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45300-7_4.
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Kassandros, Theodosios, Evangelos Bagkis, and Kostas Karatzas. "Data Fusion for the Improvement of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVIII. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12786-1_24.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Portable air pollution sensors"
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ARROYO, PATRICIA, FÉLIX MELÉNDEZ, SERGIO RODRÍGUEZ, et al. "LOW COST AND PORTABLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM BASED ON ELECTROCHEMICAL AND PM SENSORS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING." In AIR POLLUTION 2020. WIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air200031.
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Fernetti, M., M. Gasparini, G. Manzoni, and A. Purga. "Air pollution mapping by portable sensors and DGPS positioning." In 4th EEGS Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407029.
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Penza, Michele, Domenico Suriano, Gennaro Cassano, et al. "P2.9.23 Portable Chemical Sensor-System for Urban Air-Pollution Monitoring." In 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2012. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2012/p2.9.23.
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Chen, Yinsheng, Deyun Chen, Tingting Song, and Kai Song. "An Intelligent and Portable Air Pollution Monitoring System Based on Chemical Sensor Array." In 2020 IEEE 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Sensors Technologies (ICFST). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfst51577.2020.9294761.
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Zhao, Xuan, Siming Zuo, Rami Ghannam, Qammer H. Abbasi, and Hadi Heidari. "Design and Implementation of Portable Sensory System for Air Pollution Monitoring Monitoring." In 2018 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PrimeAsia). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/primeasia.2018.8597655.
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Terboven, Carla, Nico Steckhan, Eleni-Ira Panourgia, and Bert Arnrich. "Design, Implementation and Evaluation of an Air Quality Sonification System." In ICAD 2023: The 28th International Conference on Auditory Display. International Community for Auditory Display, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2023.4922.
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Air pollution is the world’s deadliest environmental risk factor. Yet there is little effort to educate the public about personal exposure to pollutants such as particulate matter (PM). I would write it a bit different: This paper presents the design and implementation of a portable sensor box (PSB) to collect local, spatially highly resolved particulate matter data. To counteract common inaccuracies in mobile particulate matter measurements, data were aggregated and cleaned according to their location in a real-world investigation. We employed parameter mapping to develop a real-time, interactive and intuitive, yet scientifically accurate sonification of the data. The sonification was made accessible to listeners within a test area in Potsdam using a physical prototype. Through the implementation of a scripted exposure design, we investigated realistic, comparable statements and evaluation by the participants about the sonification device and the sonification.
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Calderón-Guerrero, Carlos, Manuel Almestar, Miguel Marchamalo, Susana Sastre, and Margarita Martínez. "APPLICATION OF NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS AND USE OF MONITORING AIR&WATER POLLUTION SENSORS THROUGH LOW-COST MINI-PORTABLE MEASUREMENT STATIONS TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION." In 14th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.2180.
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BAUEROVÁ, PETRA, ZBYNĚK NOVÁK, ŠTĚPÁN RYCHLÍK, and JOSEF KEDER. "SMALL AIR QUALITY SENSORS: IN VIVO TESTING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CAIRPOL SENSORS IN COMPARISON TO REFERENCE MEASUREMENT." In AIR POLLUTION 2018. WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air180321.
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LOPES, MYRIAM, JOHNNY REIS, ANA P. FERNANDES, et al. "INDOOR AIR QUALITY STUDY USING LOW-COST SENSORS." In AIR POLLUTION 2020. WIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air200011.
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Tudose, Dan Stefan, Traian Alexandru Patrascu, Andrei Voinescu, Razvan Tataroiu, and Nicolae Tapus. "Mobile sensors in air pollution measurement." In 2011 8th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication (WPNC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wpnc.2011.5961035.
Full textReports on the topic "Portable air pollution sensors"
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Roadside Transportation-Related Air Quality (StarTraq 2021): A Characterization of Bike Trails and Highways in the Fresno/Clovis Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2128.
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The San Joaquin Valley is identified as an area with a high level of particulate matter (PM) in the air, reaching above the federal and state clean air standards (EPA 2019). Many of the cities in the valley are classified as the most polluted cities in the United States for both particulate matter and ozone pollution (American Lung Association, 2021). To resolve this issue, alternative forms of transportation have been considered in transportation planning. In this study, active transportation mode air quality was monitored on selected Woodward Park and Old Clovis trails and urban bike lanes. Real-time aerosol monitors, and low-cost sensors were carried in a backpack on bicycles during the sampling. Researchers collected GPS data via a portable GPS technology called Tracksticks. Driving transportation mode air quality data was acquired from the roadways within the Fresno/Clovis area, spanning six sampling routes, and during intercity trips between Fresno, Berkeley, and Los Angeles, for a total of five sampling routes. ‘On-Road' (outside vehicle) monitors were installed on the roof of a vehicle while ‘In-Vehicle’ monitors were installed inside the vehicle for comparison with the particulate pollution levels in the two contrasting microenvironments. The results showed the following three main outcomes: (1) clear relationships exist among PMs of different sizes; (2) there were greater variations in air quality of bike trails and On-Road samples than backyard and In-Vehicle samples; (3) we observed significant differences in air quality inside and outside the vehicle while driving local and intercity roadways; and (4) the road trip to the Bay area revealed that San Joaquin Valley has increased ambient PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) levels compared to those in the Bay Area on every trip, regardless of the daily change of the air quality.
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Gurtowski, Luke A., Joshua J. LeMonte, Jay Bennett, Matt Middleton, and Brandon J. Lafferty. Evaluation of multiparameter water meter for Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44520.
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A new, commercially available, field-portable water sensor was evaluated for efficacy during operation and compatibility with current Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations (ETEO) software. The ETEO provides sensors to Soldiers to rapidly identify and quantify environmental contamination in soil, air, and water at potential new base sites during initial reconnaissance to ensure Soldier safety and minimize unnecessary remediation efforts by the Army. The primary objective of this study was to enhance ETEO performance by providing the capability to evaluate multiple water quality properties simultaneously.
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Gurtowski, Luke, Joshua LeMonte, Jay Bennett, Brandon Lafferty, and Matthew Middleton. Qualification of Hanna Instruments HI9829 for the Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45520.
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A new, commercially available, field-portable water sensor was evaluated for efficacy during operation and compatibility with current Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations (ETEO) software. The ETEO provides sensors to Soldiers to rapidly identify and quantify environmental contamination in soil, air, and water at potential new base sites during initial reconnaissance to ensure safety and minimize unnecessary remediation efforts by the Army. In addition to streamlined environmental baseline survey (EBS) reporting, the ETEO can provide rapid analysis of potential environmental contamination to support various Military applications. The Hanna Instruments HI9829 multiparameter water meter was selected following a survey of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies and analyzed by researchers from the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) for inclusion in the ETEO design since it can rapidly and accurately measure 14 different properties. Usability tests were conducted with researchers unfamiliar with the technology, and a set of standard operating procedures (SOPs) were developed to operate the device. The software for the tool was successfully integrated into the ETEO system for rapid data analysis. The HI9829 has been demonstrated in various scenarios at ERDC and other locations; including Ft. Leonard Wood, MO, at which several visitors reviewed the operation of the equipment and other ETEO technologies. The Thermo Scientific Gemini, another sensor, which can detect organic constituents in various matrices via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy was also investigated but eliminated from the ETEO design as it could not adequately detect a Military-relevant compound in an environmental matrix. Regardless, the addition of the HI9829 provides water quality monitoring to the ETEO design and greatly improves its capability to address various applications.
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Bajwa, Abdullah, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-17201-R03 Residual Gas Fraction Estimation Based on Measured In-Cylinder Pressure - Phase III. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011996.
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An experimental study was carried out to characterize the scavenging behavior of a cross-scavenged, piston-aspirated, two-stroke, natural gas engine to aid in the development of computationally inexpensive simple scavenging models for onboard engine control by (1) studying the effects of changing operational parameters on the engine's scavenging performance, and (2) identifying the underlying phenomena driving the observed effects. Tracer based methods were used to quantify the scavenging and trapping performance of the engine - CO2 was used as a tracer for combustion products and pre-mixed fuel was used as a fresh charge tracer. CO2 concentration was measured on a crank angle resolved basis both in the engine cylinder and exhaust using portable NDIR sensors, while unburned fuel concentration was measured in the exhaust using the FID module of a standard five gas analyzer. It was found that scavenging took place in three stages, an initial perfect displacement type stage, followed by a short-circuiting, and a perfect mixing type stage. Engine speed and load changes were found to have the strongest effects on the trapping and scavenging performance of the engine; spark timing effects were less significant. Changes in measured scavenging and trapping efficiencies at different operating points resulted from a combination of influences, namely (1) reduced time for gas exchange at high speeds, (2) higher expansion and scavenging pressures at high loads and retarded spark timings, and (3) phasing of the reflected 'scavenging' and 'plugging' pulses in the exhaust pipe relative to BDC and EPC, respectively. Increasing engine load made the engine scavenge significantly better and increasing engine speed resulted in a larger fraction of the delivered air being trapped. The combined effect of these scavenging changes and changes in the engine's fuel conversion efficiency resulted in the engine running leaner at high speeds (more air delivered and higher trapping efficiency) and at low loads (higher trapped residuals). The results were then used to gauge the performance of the simple scavenging model (the hybrid model) developed in phase II of the project. While encouraging results were obtained at high speed, the trapped air mass was overestimated at medium speed; suggesting the need for adding a low scavenging efficiency sub-model. Recommendations have been made about adding a short-circuiting zone to address this limitation of the model.