Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Port du masque'
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Brouzes, Camille. ""De viel porte voix et le ton" : corps et masques du vieillissement dans la poésie en français des XIVe et XVe siècles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALL014.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the representations of aging in Late-Medieval French poetry. Through comparative readings of the works of a dozen poets, including Eustache Deschamps, Charles d’Orléans, Michault Taillevent or Jean Froissart, it analyzes the reasons why poetry during this period became the main locus for the exhibition of senescent bodies, and more particularly of old men’s self-portraits. We show how the incursion of old age into a literary genre hitherto dedicated to the representation of youth contributes to the mutation of the poetic voice in literary history. We start from the assumption that the mask of old age contains interesting resources for the poets who seek to assert a superiority, even if they present it as a position of weakness. The first part focuses on the aging body that poets give themselves, showing how they reconfigure the knowledge at their disposal, which strongly frames the medieval conception of senescence, to produce a poetic body marked by singularity, even in its most obscene dimension. The second part deals with the relationship between these male bodies and a feminine old age to which they give voice. While perpetuating a tradition of highly misogynistic portrayals of women’s senescence, poets also let us hear female voices in a less comical way. By making old women the bearers of their aesthetics, they confer dignity on them through poetic incarnation. The last part intends to redefine the aesthetic and communicational implications of the senescent’s poetic identity. We establish that senescence holds a special position among the different masks that poets may adopt. If it is not always biographically anchored, this mask is defined in relation to a morality of the ages which imposes duties and offers benefits, bringing at the heart of the texts a stronger affective charge intended to touch the readership. The advantages of a senescent ethos appear more clearly when examining two types of commu nicational acts: teaching and its didactic discourse and requesting, by which poets put forward a demand. Our study thus challenges the negativity that the field of aging studies associates with the notion of stereotype: used by senescent poets, stereotypes become an asset rather than a constraint
Ba, Souleymane. "Colson Whitehead : vers une esthétique postraciale?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30077/document.
Full textThis dissertation is a monograph on Colson Whitehead's fiction and nonfiction from the perspective African American literary tradition. It raises an aesthetic and political question: is Whitehead a postracial writer? In The Intuitionist (1999), the rivalry between black characters and the game of camouflage undermine racial identity politics. The deconstruction of the myth celebrating the sacrifice of a relentless worker desacralizes the black hero of John Henry Days (2001). Apex Hides the Hurt (2006) offers a reflection on language, its relationship to power and racial belonging. The second part explores the paradox of a “postblack” identity with regards to racial stereotypes in Sag Harbor (2009). Finally, the last part signals an effort to redefine the human in Zone One (2011) where an invasion of zombies enables the transcendence of the Black/White binary construct in a post-apocalyptic world. The analysis relies on postmodern criticism since the notion of “race” and racism are addressed through the irony of a text that dramatizes and plays with the idea of a postracial American society
Gault, Joseph. "Development of Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Approaches for the Analysis of Type IV Pili." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00987029/document.
Full textTop-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) is an alternative protein characterisation strategy to the more widespread bottom-up (BU) approach. TDMS has the unique ability to fully characterise the variety of protein products expressed by the cell (proteoforms), including those bearing posttranslational modifications (PTMs). In this thesis TDMS has been developed on both FT-ICR and Orbitrap mass spectrometers for the analysis of type IV pili (T4P). This includes the first T4P to be visualised in a Gram positive bacterium (Streptococcus pneumoniae). T4P are filamentous, extracellular organelles primarily composed of a single protein subunit or major pilin that can be highly posttranslationally modified. For the major pilin, PilE, of the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), TDMS was extensively optimised and the first complete characterisation of all proteoforms of PilE from a single Nm strain performed. A biological role has been proposed for the enigmatic phosphoglycerol PTM. The approach was extended and applied in the first large scale study of PTMs on PilE from uncharacterised, pathogenic strains of Nm. Comparison of the TD and BU methodologies revealed both their complementarity and the inherent weakness of the BU approach for full proteoform characterisation. TDMS was combined with other structural techniques to reveal that pilins from the previously unstudied class II isolates of Nm are extensively glycosylated and that glycosylation is both driven by the primary structure of PilE and has a profound effect on pilus surface topology. These observations have been used to offer the first explanation of how T4P expressed by class II isolates of Nm avoid immune detection
Zakaria, Rim. "Régulation de l'activité de l'E3 ubiquitine ligase ASB2alpha, un régulateur des cellules hématopoïétiques." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2278/.
Full textUbiquitin-mediated degradation is one of the major pathways for controlled proteolysis in Eukaryotic cells. In this pathway, E3 ubiquitin ligases determine the specificity of the process. E3 ubiquitin ligases of the cullin-RING ligase family provide platforms for binding ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and a specific substrate, thereby playing a major role in the polyubiquitylation of proteins. Therefore, characterization of E3 ubiquitin ligases and their respective substrates and understanding the signals that regulate ubiquitin ligation events should contribute to the development of new therapies through the targeting of the ubiquitin system. The ASB2 gene is a target of three major oncogenic proteins in acute myeloid leukemia cells. ASB2 encodes the ASB2a isoform, the specificity subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in hematopoietic differentiation. ASB2a harbors 12 ankyrin repeats and a SOCS box involved in the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Our group demonstrated that ASB2a E3 ubiquitin ligase activity drives polyubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of actin binding protein filamin A. Furthermore, our group showed that a short N-terminal region specific to ASB2a, together with ankyrin repeats 1 to 10, is necessary for the association of ASB2a with filamin A. The aims of my PhD thesis were to identify ASB2a post-translational modifications that regulate ASB2a activity as well as proteins involved in these modifications. Using different proteomic approaches, we showed that ASB2a is phosphorylated at serine 323 that is located within a region of ASB2a ankyrine 10 highly conserved during evolution. Mutation of ASB2a Ser-323 to Alanine had no effect on intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of ASB2a but abolished the ability of ASB2a to induce degradation of filamin A. In contrast, the ASB2a Ser-323 to Aspartate phosphomimetic substitution induced acute degradation of filamin A. Moreover, I demonstrated that the ERK signaling pathway is involved in ASB2a serine 323 phosphorylation because inhibition of Erk1/2 activity reduced ASB2a-mediated filamin A degradation. We also studied by molecular modeling, the impact of serine 323 phosphorylation on ASB2a structure. Altogether, our results suggest that the interaction of ASB2a with filamin A depends on the electrostatic potential redistribution induced by either the Ser-323 phosphate group or the phosphomimetic mutation. This work demonstrates a new regulation mode of an E3 ubiquitine ligase of the RING family through the phosphorylation of its specificity subunit, ASB2a. This should have broad implications for our understanding of ASB2a mechanisms of action in hematopoiesis and for modulating its activity for therapeutic means
Chiappetta, Giovanni. "Nouvelles stratégies en protéomique." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066029.
Full textXu, Ying. "Interprétation thermochimique des interactions non-covalentes induites par les β-carbolines et origine de la stabilité de complexe ADN/médicament en phase gazeuse." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066387.
Full textWilhelm, Dafné. "Utilisation du modèle cellulaire ATDC5 pour la caractérisation des mécanismes de maturation des procollagènes et de leurs relations avec le processus de minéralisation matricielle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0286.
Full textEndochondral ossification is the mechanism by which long bones of Vertebrates grow. It requires the formation of a primary cartilage pattern by chondrogenesis, which is then replaced by bone. Chondrogenesis relies on the production of a dedicated type II collagen rich extracellular matrix (ECM), which will then mineralize, and many aspects of which remain difficult to characterize. The ATDC5 cell line can engage into a differentiation program resembling the multistep chondrogenic differentiation observed in vivo after insulin stimulation. Although this cell line is widely used, its proteome is barely described. In order to define to what extent this model recapitulates the main aspects of cartilage ECM formation, a time-resolved proteome analysis by LC-MALDI-TOF / TOF of the regulation of the proteome of differentiating ATDC5 cells focused on the ECM and the level of maturation of its main components. These cells synthesize and incorporate into their ECM a wide range of cartilage components, including aggrecan and type II collagen, which carry most of the maturations described in vivo. Most importantly, the accumulation of collagen in the MEC is correlated with maturation events: proteolytic cleavage and triple helix hydroxylation. The C-propeptide of type II collagen (CPII), is a component of joint and growth plate cartilage, and has been described as involved in the mineralization process of the latter. On the other hand, to what extent and how CPII would regulate mineralization remains to be specified. We have shown that CPII exhibit a different interactome as its type I and III procollagens (CPI and CPIII) counterparts, suggesting mechanistic differences between their maturation. These results are consolidated by additional in vivo studies of CPII cleavage sites, confirming the coexistence of two cleavage sites and demonstrating for the first time that CPII trimers contain the four possible combinations of the two cleavage sites. These data suggest that each monomer within the trimer is cleaved independently of the others. Overall, this work highlights CPII cleavage mechanism as distinct from that of CPI and CPIII and more complex than anticipated. Functional characterization of key events of ECM elaboration in ATDC5 cells should allow better dissecting the mechanisms of chondrogenesis and cartilage mineralization
Claverol, Stéphane. "Le protéasome 20S humain : étude des relations structure-fonctions par spectrométrie de masse et approches protéomiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30039.
Full textTwenty S proteasome is the catalytic core of the 26S proteasome, the major component of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, a proteolytic machinery that degrades most of cellular proteins and constitutes the major source of class I antigenic peptides. Immunoproteasome differs from standard proteasome by the 3 catalytic subunits. Incorporation of the immunosubunitsʺ is often considered to favour class I antigenic peptides processing but can, in some cases, be disadvantageous to the proper maturation of tumoral epitopes. .
Combès, Audrey. "Implication de la protoporphyrinogène oxydase dans l'homéostasie mitochondriale du fer et le statut redox des thiols chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066391.
Full textLord, Pierre-Étienne. "Analyse des déplacements du glissement rocheux de Gascons, Gaspésie, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28547/28547.pdf.
Full textDucruix, Céline. "Analyse du métabolome par chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse : application à la recherche de biomarqueurs et à la compréhension des systèmes biologiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066255.
Full textContrepois, Kévin. "Modifications de la chromatine associées à la sénescence cellulaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112102.
Full textCellular senescence is a stress response of mammalian cells characterized by a stable cell proliferation arrest. It can be triggered by telomere dysfunction, genotoxic stress and oncogene activation. Cellular senescence acts as a natural barrier against cancer development and is involved in ageing. Senescent cells reorganize their genome by the assembly of chromatin into senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF). We showed that SIRT2-mediated global deacetylation of H4-K16Ac is involved in heterochromatin assembly in senescence. Moreover, we identified the accumulation with time of specific H2A and H2B variants in senescence triggered by persistent DNA damage signaling. These histone variants could have specific functions in senescent cells and could be a useful ageing biomarker in vivo.This work provides novel insights into chromatin modification and epigenetic regulation in cellular senescence
Giorgetti, Jérémie. "Caractérisation d’anticorps monoclonaux à différents niveaux à l’aide d’un couplage électrophorèse capillaire – spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF051.
Full textMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are therapeutic biomolecules employed as treatment against cancer and other pathologies. These glycoproteins are subject to numerous micro-heterogeneities which cou Id affect treatment efficiency. Hence, mAbs variants analysis requires powerful, rapid and accurate analytical methods to elucidate their structure. ln this thesis, works have been done to develop methods leaning on a capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry coupling (CE-MS) to get a multi-level mAbs isoforms analysis. First, method assessment and validation of glycosylation forms analysis by CE-MS have been done to characterize and set up a relative quantitation of these modifications. ln order to avoid potential artifactual modifications due to the sample preparation process, higher order analyses have been performed at tougher analytical levels. For that purpose, methods involving partial and total enzymatic digestion have been developed and optimized to assess the plenty of post-translational modification linked to the protein structure. Finally, whole protein analyses have been completed to get a more accurate illustration from variants heterogeneity of the medication administered. The comprehensive analysis of mAbs and their variants should help to guide the manufacturing process and go a step further in treatment optimization
Dedieu, Alain. "Exploration des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines : nouvelles approches et nouveaux modèles biologiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13516/document.
Full textRecently, the study of post-translational modifications has greatly evolved, mainly because of crucial progresses in mass spectrometry methodology which have allowed high-throughput, high resolution analysis. Their variety and their role in the regulation of key molecular mechanisms are increasingly documented. In this work, the different degrees of iodination of tyrosine were probed with a "shotgun" approach carried out from an entire organ, the mice thyroid. Post-translational modifications present in two radioresistant organism models, the bacterium Deinococcus deserti and the archaeon Thermococcus gammatolerans, were analyzed. The large scale exploration of N-terminal acetylation in D. deserti indicates a specific pattern of this modification on serine and threonine, as well as an atypical, high propension to acetylation with 50% of modified N-termini. In T. gammatolerans, N-terminal acetylation is rare, but the presence of acetylation on lysine side chains is significant. The presence of phosphorylation on these proteins suggests a potential "cross talk" between the acetylated lysine and phosphorylated serine or threonine residues. This work demonstrates that the complexity of the proteome in prokaryotes through post-translational modifications is higher than expected when extremophiles are scrutinized compared to classical prokaryote models. Interdependencies between post-translational modifications definitively deserve a fresher look
Cano, Patricia. "Caractérisation du métabolome de F. graminearum : détection et effets sur la barrière intestinale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17793/1/CANO_P.pdf.
Full textBelva, Hélène. "Les Spectres de masse en ionisation Electrospray de petites protéines basiques à multiples ponts disulfure reflètent-ils leur conformation ?" Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES072.
Full textSaid, Nassur. "Characterization of therapeutic proteins by capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF048/document.
Full textMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly complex glycoproteins having a lot of micro-heterogeneities which can influence their effectiveness. As a consequence, it is necessary to develop robust analytical methods, sensitive and specific to characterize them with high accuracy. The purpose of this thesis was to develop analytical methods allowing the multi-level characterization of monoclonal antibody (cetuximab), and antibody drug conjugates (brentuximab vedotin), using on-online or off-line capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry coupling. In the first section, a middle-up proteomic approach of cetuximab was carried out using Off-line CZE-UV/MALDI-MS coupling to separate and to characterize Fc/2 and F(ab)’2 charge variants. A top-down characterization of Fc/2 fragments was also employed. Then a new strategy off-line CZE-UV/nanoESI-MS was used to allow the characterization of this partially digest mAbs. Finally, an online coupling by CESI-MS was developed to allow the fast and accurate analysis of middle-up cetuximab. In a second part, the combination of intact, middle-up and bottom-up proteomic carried out on CZE-UV/nanoESI-MS and CESI coupling allowed the most exhaustive characterization of brentuximab vedotin. This methodology allowed the analyze of DAR, the identification of fragments drug conjugates, the simultaneous characterization of the complete structure of antibody, a significant number of post-translational modifications, all peptides drug conjugates and the identification of diagnostic ions
Bechade, Guillaume. "Advances in mass spectrometry based proteomics : recherche de biomarqueurs et caractérisation de complexes covalents." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/BECHADE_Guillaume_2009.pdf.
Full textThe hype surronding mass spectrometry based proteomics has hidden crucial points such as the quality and the validation of the results. Great difficulties remain to identify and get a maximal sequence coverage of all proteins contained in a sample. Collected information is currently clearly incomplete and uncertain. Progress is still needed in separation techniques, in mass spectrometry and in bioinformatics for the acquisition and the validation of proteomics data. In this context, this thesis hinges on two thematics : ‣ The development of methodologies to improve proteomic analysis. A study of the repeatability of nanoLC-MS/MS analyses of complex biological samples lead to the development of original solutions to improve the number and the quality of proteins identifications. These innovations have been applied to (1) the discovery of new biomakers for leukemia with ambiguous diagnosis ; (2) the identification of interaction partners for transcription factors implied in liver tumor suppression. ‣ The development of approches to characterize covalent complexes involving cystein-cystein linkage. Measurements of intact proteins by LC-MS with high mass resolution and analysis of bridged peptides by nanoLC-MS/MS were especially optimized to study intracellular redox mechanisms. This thesis highlights a cleverer and a more reliable application of mass spectrometry, and univocally shows the relevance of proteomic approaches for clinical discovery, functionnal analysis and enzymatic mechanisms study
Gahoual, Rabah. "Développement du couplage électrophorèse capillaire - spectrométrie de masse haute sensibilité : application à la caractérisation fine de protéines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF040/document.
Full textInterfacings allowing the hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to ESI mass spectrometry(MS) currently suffer from lack of robustness and sensitivity. This work describes the application of a new design of CE-ESl-MS coupling referred as the CESl-MS. Characterization of the ESI generated through the CESl-MS system showed the production of a nanoESI allowing to increase drastically the sensitivity compared to conventional ESI. The CESl-MS was used as a nanoESI infusion platform allowing to study high molecular masses noncovalent complexes in native MS. A CESl-MS/MS method was developed enabling the complete primary structure characterization o fmonoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Results showed the ability of the methodology in a single injection to simultaneously characterize the entire amino acid sequence, a significant number of glycosylation and all the posttranslational modifications of interest. Finally the methodotogy was applied to assess the similarity between marketed mAbs and their respective biosimilar candidate
Diallo, Issa. "Nouvelle méthode en protéomique pour améliorer l'identification et la quantification des protéines acétylées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS035.
Full textProtein acetylation is one of the most widespread post-translational modifications which is involved in many cellular physiologies and pathologies such as cancers. Regarding the important biological effect of protein acetylation and a non-negligible number of proteins bearing this PTM, several methods emerged last decade to investigate such PTM. But the detection of acetylations and their quantification are still limited and enrichment method allowing a better detection of acetylation target mostly one kind of acetylation (K-acetylation). To improve the detection of the three kind of acetylation (N-ter, K, and O-) and their quantification, we propose the RAQIAT method (Relative Absolute Quantification Isobaric Affinity Tag), based on protein digestion followed by 3 steps : i) a protection of free primary amines at N-ter, lysine (i.e. primary amine not bearing PTM) based on a reductive di-methylation strategy ii) a deacetylation of acetylated residues to obtain free primary amine corresponding to peptides previously acetylated iii) a RAQIAT labeling on the free primary amine obtained in the previous step to allow the enrichment of peptides previously acetylated and their quantifications. Herein, we present the investigation of the two first steps of RAQIAT method.In the first step, we evidenced that the reductive di-methylation strategy improved the detection of the three kind of acetylation: N-ter, K- and O- acetylations. Yeast protein samples were digested with trypsin prior di-methylation of resulting peptide mixture. Then, di-methylated peptide mixtures were fractionated by OFFGEL and reverse phase liquid chromatography followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analysis. Data analysis was performed by using Mascot as search engines.Our results showed that OFFGEL fractionation is a useful step to increase detection of acetylations. Moreover, we showed that our di-methylation treatment improved significantly detection of acetylation. Indeed, after di-methylation treatment, 385 unique acetylated sites were identified while 164 unique acetylated peptides were detected without di-methylation treatment. The improvement of acetylation detection using our di-methylation strategy is observed for each of acetylations: N-ter, K- and O-acetylations. Thus, this new proteomic method is promising to enhance N-ter, K- and O-acetylation detection.In the second step, we presented preliminary results of deacetylation by sirtuin 1 in the presence of p53 peptide (Ac-Arg-His-Lys-Lys- (Ac) –AMC. However, the low deacetylation efficiency of the p53 peptide observed, conclude that is not suitable to applicate into RAQIAT Method
Cliquet, Freddy. "Des spectres MS/MS à l'identification des protéines : interprétation des données issues de l'analyse d'un mélange de protéïnes d'un organisme non séquencé." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=184726e5-5913-4248-b5f2-03153efac1c9.
Full textMass spectrometry is a general method used in proteomics to identify unknown proteins in a sample. The mass spectrometer measures the masses of several protein’s fragments and provide spectra. A spectrum is a series of peaks that indicate the presence of those fragments. By studying these spectra, we aim at retrieving the analyzed protein in a reference databank. In this thesis, we propose a new method to study these spectra. However, our solution must be able to work on proteins coming from unsequenced species, which means that we can’t find exactly the same proteins in the databank, only similar ones. At first, we propose a new spectra comparison algorithm: PacketSpectralAlignment. This algorithm allows to compare experimental spectra produced by a mass spectrometer to spectra created from the reference databank data in presence of modifications. This comparison allows to associate to each spectrum, a peptide from the databank. Then, we explain several preprocessing and filtering methods that enhance the results of our new algorithm. All of those methods are used in the SIFpackets framework. Finally, we validate PacketSpectralAlignment and SIFpackets results using several experimental datasets
Lafaye, Alexandra. "Analyse du métabolome par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse : applications en toxicologie et dans la compréhension des systèmes biologiques." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066424.
Full textContrepois, K��vin. "Modifications de la chromatine associ��es �� la s��nescence cellulaire." Phd thesis, Universit�� Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720224.
Full textVladimir, Filipović. "Uticaj procesa osmotske dehidratacije na prenos mase i kvalitet mesa svinja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20130523FILIPOVIC.
Full textProcess of osmotic dehydration of pork meat inthree different osmotic solutions (sodiumchloride and sucrose dissolved in water, mixtureof sodium chloride, sucrose dissolved in waterand molasses and sugar beet molasses) ofdifferent concentrations, at three temperatures(20°C, 35°C & 50°C) and three different timesof duration of the process (1, 3 & 5h) wasinvestigated.Measured and calculated responses of theosmotic dehydration process were: dry mattercontent, water loss, solid gain, dehydrationefficiency index and value of water activity.The results showed that the increase oftechnological parameters: time and temperatureof the process, as well as the concentration ofthe osmotic solutions led to the intensified masstransfer in the process and increased values ofprocess responses, in either co-counter orcurrent processes of osmotic solutions.Based on obtained results mathematical modelsof dependence of process responses fromapplied technological parameters for co- andcounter-current processes of osmoticdehydrations were developed. By the means of“Score” analyses the values of technologicalparameters which produced optimal efficiencyof the process were calculated.In this research process energy balance wasinvestigated by comparison to the convectivedrying, where the highest energy efficiency wasdetermined in the processes at the temperatureof 20°C.Characteristics of osmo-dehydrated pork meatwere also investigated, pointing at theimprovement of microbiological, chemical andnutritive profile of the meat after the process, aswell as the change of color and texture, wheresugar beet molasses, as an osmotic solution, hadshown the best effects on changes of dehydratedmeat characteristics.Based on all investigated effects of variedparameters, the optimal process parameters canbe defined as: counter-current process, of 5hours duration, at 20°C, in molasses as anosmotic solution. Process like that leads to thetotal improvement of pork meat characteristicsintroducing nutritive benefit from molasseschemical composition into human nutrition.
Bilgraer, Raphaël. "Déchiffrer le code histone : épigénétique et toxicologie placentaire." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P627/document.
Full textWhile acting upon chromatin compaction, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are involved in modulating gene expression through histone–DNA affinity and protein–protein interactions. These dynamic and environment-sensitive modifications are constitutive of the histone code that reflects the transient transcriptional state of the chromatin. Here we describe a global screening approach for revealing epigenetic disruption at the histone level. This original approach enables fast and reliable relative abundance comparison of histone PTMs and variants in human cells within a single LC-MS experiment. As a proof of concept, we exposed BeWo human choriocarcinoma cells to sodium butyrate (SB), a universal histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Histone acide xtracts equally representing 3 distinct classes, Control, 1 mM and 2.5 mM SB, we reanalyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadrupoletime-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Multivariate statistics allowed us to discriminate control from treated samples based on differences in the acetylation level of several histone forms. We then applied the same procedure to cells treated with 1 μMB[a]P and suceeded in revealing two markers of chromatin remodeling in relation withgenotoxic properties of B[a]P. Indeed, this untargeted histonomic approach could be auseful exploratory tool in many cases of environmental xenobiotic exposure when histone code disruption is suspected
Cliquet, Freddy. "Des spectres MS/MS à l'identification des protéines - Interprétation des données issues de l'analyse d'un mélange de protéines d'un organisme non séquencé." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625749.
Full textMalarenko, Henady. "O exército vermelho em canções (1918-1945)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8155/tde-02122008-121210/.
Full textOur work tried to compilate the texts of russian masse and popular songs related to the Red Army during the period from 1918 to 1945. Aproaching the ages of Civil War, the period between wars and the Great Patriotic War. Collecting the variations of the rising songs, describing its post-folkloric nature. Finally, the records of the songs were registered
Libert, Yannick. "Observation et modélisation des enveloppes circumstellaires d'étoiles AGB." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455657.
Full textNoel, Cédric. "Plasmas micro-ondes d'argon à la pression atmosphérique : diagnostics et applications au nettoyage de surfaces." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL020N/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the study of argon microwave plasmas generated in resonant cavity at atmospheric pressure and their application to surface cleaning. First, a study of the aim of surface cleaning of industrial surfaces is presented, followed by a state of the art of existing solutions and their limitations, showing the interest of plasmas as an alternative, especially atmospheric pressure microwave resonant cavity plasmas. In the case of argon, these plasmas have the particularity to be inhomogeneous and constituted of one or many small diameter filaments, depending on experimental conditions. The study of the filamentation of these discharges is the subject of the second chapter. In the case of one filament, correlations have been evidenced between its size, its temperature and the dissipated power. A simple electromagnetic simulation allowed us to describe the influence of the main plasmas parameters on the filamentation process. The third chapter presents results from the characterisation of a single argon filament by the mean of diode laser absorption in continuous and pulsed plasma mode. The effect of oxygen addition is also studied. The last chapter deals with the study of the use of atmospheric pressure microwave post-discharges in argon-nitrogen or argon-oxygen mixtures for surface cleaning application. We studied the interaction of such post-discharges with model organic molecules (stearic acid and 1-octadecene). Surface analyses by the mean of extreme surface analysis techniques based on mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS and FTMS) allow us to improve our understanding of cleaning mechanisms
Bednarczyk, Audrey. "Nouvelles méthodologies en protéomique pour une caractérisation fine des protéines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/BEDNARCZYK_Audrey_2008.pdf.
Full textOne of the new challenges in proteomics consists in the full characterization of proteins which include the identification of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Thus, two subjects were explored during this PhD thesis: The characterization of N-glycoproteins for which ones the importance in protein function is well established: A number of studies were performed on the follicle stimulating hormone, a monoclonal antibody, a allergenic protein and Toxoplasma Gondii. The human hair proteome: Complementary analytical methods were developed to identify all the proteins present in the hair shaft in order to better understand this complex network. In particular; protein-protein interactions, localization of some proteins, and the type of modifications occurring on human hair proteins have been elucidated from this study
Bossevain, Clémentine. "Formation des P-bodies et régulations post-transcriptionnelles associées à leurs facteurs d'assemblage dans les cellules humaines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS019.
Full textP-bodies (PBs) are ribonucleoprotein granules where thousands of mRNAs especially AU-rich, and hundreds of proteins concentrate. Among these proteins, three repressors of translation: DDX6, LSM14A and 4E-T are required to assemble PBs. In a first part, we looked at PB assembly mechanism. We identified by a TAP-tag approach coupled to mass spectrometry analysis protein partners of LSM14A, its paralog LSM14B and 4E-T. Crossing their interactomes with already known DDX6 and PB interactomes revealed 8 new PB assembly candidates. We demonstrate that one of them, ILF3, contributes to PB maintenance. Concerning LSM14A, we show that a fraction of LSM14A associates to the initiation complex. In a second part, related to the influence of GC content on post-transcriptional regulations, we asked: if DDX6, LSM14A and 4E-T have a RNA-binding preference that could explain accumulation of AU-rich mRNAs in PBs, how global localization of miRNA targets in/out PB is informative in regards to mRNA regulation mechanism by miRNAs, and which other parameters apart from mRNA GC content could influence mRNA localization to PBs. Our analyses show: that out of the 3 PB assembly factors, only 4E-T has a preference for AU-rich mRNAs, that localization to PBs of miRNA targets is correlated to their translational repression by DDX6 and that retention of AU-rich mRNAs on membranes and ribosomes competes with their localization to PBs
Guerra, Diego Fernando. "In articulo mortis : el retrato fotográfico de difuntos y los inicios de la prensa ilustrada en la Argentina, 1898-1913." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20025/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the postmortem photographic portrait in Buenos Aires and, especially, its development in the context of the insertion of the photography in the early twentieth century massmedia. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between death and visual representation in the beginning of the mass culture. The analysis of a heterogeneous corpus - the photographs, paintings, photo-engravings, cartoons, journalistic images and advertisings - therefore tries to study some fundamental problems of the presence of the image and the portrait in modern funerary rites and mourning practices. Its intention is also to highlight the role of mortuary practices in the Argentine modernization process and its links with the development of visual mass culture
El sujeto de la tesis presente es el retrato fotográfico post-mortem a Buenos Aires y, especialmente, su desarrollo en el marco de la inserción de la fotografía en la prensa de masa de principios del siglo XX. En este sentido, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de los relaciones entre muerto y representación visual en el principio de la cultura de masa. El análisis de un corpus heterogéneo - fotografías, pinturas, fotograbados, caricaturas, imágenes tan periodísticas como publicitarias - tratará pues de dar cuenta de algunos problemas fundamentales de la presencia de la imagen y el retrato en los ritos funerarios y las prácticas modernas de duelo. Tenemos también la intención de poner de relieve el papel de las prácticas mortuorias en el proceso argentino de modernización y sus lazos con desarrollo de la cultura visual de masa
Omari, Abdelaziz. "Hydrodynamique des polymères à l'interface solide-liquide : influence de la déplétion." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2026.
Full textPruneda, Sais Anna. "Estudi citològic i bioquímic del fluid epididimari de "Sus domesticus"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7926.
Full textLa concentració de glutamat i carnitina al fluid epididimari augmenten al llarg del conducte epididimari, alhora que la concentració de myo-inositol disminueix. El contingut de myo-inositol a l'interior dels espermatozoides disminueix, mentre que el contingut de glutamat augmenta a partir del caput distal i el contingut de carnitina no varia al llarg del conducte.
S'ha determinat la presència de la ruta del poliol a l'epidídim de porcí. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que la glucosa difon de la sang cap al fluid epididimari, és convertida a sorbitol per l'aldosa reductasa, i aquest sorbitol s'acumula al fluid luminal i és convertit a fructosa per l'acció de la sorbitol deshidrogenasa.
A high semen collection frequency brought about an altered resorption and secretion pattern of the epididymal fluid, which results in defective sperm maturation and abnormal development of sperm motility.
In this study, it has been determined that in epididymal fluid the concentration of myo-inositol decreased in a proximo-distal direction, whereas intraluminal concentrations of L-carnitine and L-glutamate increased distally. The content of inositol in spermatozoa fell as they moved from the distal caput whereas sperm glutamate increased from the distal caput to more distal regions and carnitine content remained unchanged during epididymal transit.
In this study, evidence for an operative polyol pathway was demonstrated in the porcine epididymis. The results found are consistent with diffusion of circulating glucose into the lumen, its conversion via aldose reductase to sorbitol which accumulates in the lumen and the action of sorbitol dehidrogenase on sorbitol to produce fructose.
MOHSSINE, MOHAMMED. "Performances et methodologie d'implantation de circuits integres bipolaires ecl." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066533.
Full textBroecker, Sebastian. "Aufbau und Anwendung einer Methode zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Giften und deren Metaboliten in Blut und Haaren in der Systematischen Toxikologischen Analyse mittels Flüssigchromatographie-Quadrupol-Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie-Kopplung (LC-QTOF-MS)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16461.
Full textDue to the large variety and the steady increase of toxicologically relevant substances, systematic toxicological analysis (STA) is one of the most difficult tasks in analytical chemistry and, therefore, a steady topic of research and methodical improvement. For this reason, the suitability of liquid chromatography in combination with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) for STA was investigated. For this purpose, a database of more than 7360 and a CID spectra library of more than 2720 toxicologically relevant substances and suitable methods for sample preparation were developed. The application was evaluated at spiked blood and hair samples. It was found that the analysis in Auto-MS/MS mode (alternating measurement cycles of MS and MS/MS spectra) allowed substance identification in blood using CID spectra between 0.5 and 2 ng/ml for basic substances. The detection limits of the validated method in hair ranged from 3 to 15 pg/mg for 24 drugs. The suitability of LC-QTOF-MS for STA was tested for hair samples from 30 drug-related death cases and from 60 death cases with known chronic medication as well as for 77 blood samples. For the search of metabolites, a metabolite tool was developed. In the practical application to data files from blood and hair samples, the tool proved to be very helpful for identification of unknown peaks and for confirmation of results obtained only from the database without CID spectra. A tool "Estimate Concentration" was created for automatic estimation of concentrations of identified substances. The application to real blood and hair samples and the comparison of the concentrations with results from HPLC-DAD and GC-MS showed good agreement. Overall, these investigations showed that LC-QTOF-MS is currently the most favorable method for STA. Because of the comprehensive registration of all substances in a sample, the data files can be checked for the presence of certain poisons even later without new measurements.
SALAMIDA, PASQUALE. "Economia e popolamento delle massae fundorum di Nicotera e Tropea. Il promontorio del Poro nella tarda antichità (secc. IV-VIII)." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1178424.
Full textSchirm, Michael. "Proteomic approaches for the detection of unusual post-translational modifications in simple and complex bacterial protein mixtures." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16749.
Full textGhitun, Mihaela. "Module microfluidique intégrant des séparations multidimensionnelles : applications d'analyses protéomiques sur des extraits cellulaires." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17982.
Full textAbshiru, Nebiyu. "Quantitative proteomics methods for the analysis of histone post-translational modifications." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13563.
Full textHistones are highly conserved, basic proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They organize and package DNA strands into nucleosome core particles (NCPs), the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin. The histones are subject to a wide variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) including acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. These PTMs play an essential role in DNA-replication, transcription, and chromatin assembly. Alterations in histone PTM abundances have been implicated in several types of cancer. For example, the global loss of trimethylation at H4K20 and acetylation at H4K16 is a hallmark of human cancers. Thus, characterization of histone PTMs and their dynamics is extremely useful for elucidating normal cellular functions and molecular pathways that lead to diseases. Traditionally, histone PTMs are analyzed using antibody-based approaches such as western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. These methods, however, suffer from several limitations including antibody cross-reactivity, epitope occlusion, and the cost and difficulty in producing and validating antibodies. Over the last decade, mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful technique for the characterization and quantification of histone PTMs. MS offers several advantages over the traditional approaches including reproducibility, specificity, and ability to rapidly analyze numerous PTMs in a single experiment. In this thesis, the development and applications of novel analytical tools for the identification and quantification of histone PTMs are presented. First, a method useful for measuring the global and site specific changes in histone acetylation is described. This method combines intact mass analysis and peptide sequencing approaches to study the global and site specific changes in histone acetylation during in vitro assays with yeast Rtt109 and its chaperone (Asf1 or Vps75). Second, a method for analysis of isomeric histone peptides is presented. This method combines a high resolution LC-MS/MS with a novel bioinformatics tool called Iso-PeptidAce to deconvolute mixed spectra of co-eluting isomeric peptides. We benchmarked Iso-PeptidAce using mixtures of synthetic isomeric peptides. We demonstrated its capability in histones isolated from human erythroleukemic (K562) cells treated with clinically relevant histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and in affinity-purified S. cerevisiae histones bound to chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1). Third, by employing the above methods, an in-depth quantitative analysis of the substrate specificities of several fission yeast HATs and HDACs was assessed. We determined the acetylation site occupancy of multiple lysines in histones isolated from a control or mutant strains lacking specific HAT or HDAC activities. Our analysis identified several known and novel HAT and HDAC target sites. Our data also defined the division of labor between the different HATs and HDACs in maintaining the steady-state level of histone acetylation. Overall, we anticipate that the methods described in this thesis will address some of the existing challenges facing the chromatin field. Moreover, the data presented will provide valuable insights for future genetic and biochemical studies involving the fission yeast.
Drogaris, Paul. "Analytical strategies for the comprehensive profiling of histone post translational modifications by mass spectrometry and implications for functional analyses." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4934.
Full textIn eukaryotic cells, the lengthy DNA biopolymer is condensed into the cell nucleus with the aid of small packaging proteins called histones. In addition to their packing functions,histones are also targets of numerous post translational modifications (PTMs), especially on their N-terminus. These reversible modifications are believed to be constituents of a heritable epigenetic “histone code” that dynamically orchestrate and modulate chromatin based events such as gene activation and silencing, DNA replication and repair, and are also involved in the downstream signaling and progression of cancers, such as leukemia. Thus, the elucidation of histone PTMs is important in understanding their biological function. An analytical workflow was designed and set-up in the laboratory to isolate, detect, and quantitate histone PTM, using a two-pronged, unbiased, and rapid approach with specialized bioinformatic tools. The workflow was validated using histones from wildtype, and 2 mutants deficient in acetyltransferase activity. Between the three histone sources, the only PTM that demonstrated any change was acetylation at histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac). The down-regulation and stoichiometry of this PTM was accurately assessed between wild-type and mutant cells. The versatile scan functions of a hybrid quadrupole-linear ion trap instrument were exploited to enhance the detection of intact histone proteins. The enhanced multiply charged (EMC) scan was modified in order to contain and detect intact protein ions within the linear ion trap. This targeted EMC (or tEMC) resulted in not only a 4-fold increase in signal-to-noise, but also a 5-fold increase in resolution. Furthermore, the charge separation capability of the tEMC dramatically reduced space charge effects within the linear ion trap. The superior resolution of the tEMC mode allowed for the discimination of many modified histone isoforms, especially for histone H3. Using the bottom-up strategy with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), histone peptides were quantified and sequenced with a high degree of precision. The only PTM that was down-regulated between wild-type and DOT1L mutant histones was methylation at histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79me1). The effects of two clinically relevant small molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) on histone PTMs patterns were assessed using the analytical workflow developed. Histones derived from both normal and cancer cells were exposed to either Vorinostat (SAHA) or Entinostat (MS-275) over a 24- to 72 hour period. The two core histones primarily affected were H3 and H4. Surprisingly, the same effects were not observed when normal cells were treated with three doses of SAHA at 24-hour intervals over a 72-hour period. An absolute quantitation method using a calibration curve was developed for H3K56ac. In opposition to other published literature, our findings demonstrate that this PTM is present in very low stoichiometry (< 0.1%) in mammalian cells, and exhibits no significant up-regulation in different cell lines treated with several types of HDACi.
Dugal, Natasha. "La consommation d’alcool et de drogue chez les étudiants suite à la fusillade de Dawson en 2006 : une analyse différenciée selon le sexe." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5886.
Full textObjectives: To determine the incidence of a drug or alcohol addiction among the students who witnessed the Dawson shooting, in the 18 months that followed the event. Identify predictors of development of an addiction to a psychoactive substance, taking into account the severity of the exposure to the event. Consider whether alcohol consumption, 18 months after the event, is connected to the different categories of symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Method: The population under study includes the students at Dawson College at the time of the event. Analyses were conducted with data from 854 students enrolled at the College when the shooting took place. Results: In the 18 months following the shooting, 5 % of women and 7 % of men developed an addiction to a substance for the first time in their lives. For men, younger age (< 20 years old), the prevalence of suicidal thoughts throughout their lives, as well as having seen the perpetrator at the time of the shooting, were key predictors. No predictors were significant for women. Men and women also differed with regards to post-traumatic stress symptoms that predict alcohol consumption, 18 months after the shooting. Conclusion: The main outcome of this study stresses the importance of considering the gender of individuals, when evaluating their consumption of psychotropic drugs or alcohol after a trauma.
Sanon, Samantha Herntz. "Étude sur l'utilisation de liquides ioniques à base imidazolium pour l'extraction sélective de phosphopeptides." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10248.
Full textProtein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications because it is involved in multiple physiological processes such as growth, differentiation, apoptosis, etc. Despite its importance, the analysis of phosphoproteins remains a difficult task due to their dynamic nature (phosphorylation of proteins is a reversible process) and their low abundance. Indeed, the determination of phosphorylation sites is difficult because phosphopeptides are often difficult to detect by conventional chromatographic analysis and by mass spectrometric (MS) methods. Recent studies have shown that the existing methods of enrichment of phosphopeptides are not complete, and the total number of phosphopeptides detected does not overlap completely with those detected by these methods. The gaps in existing enrichment methods need to be filled in order to have more complete phosphoproteomic analyses. In the current study, ionic liquids (IL), specifically imidazolium salts, have been used in an alternative enrichment technique with potential for selective extraction of phosphopeptides from solution. Imidazolium salts were chosen because their physicochemical properties are readily adjustable depending on the nature of the substituent attached to the imidazolium core and the counter-anion. Monoimidazolium and bis-imidazolium salts with linear chains having respectively 4, 12, and 16 carbon atoms and with different anions were synthesized and used to carry out liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extractions of a phosphorylated peptide from a solution. At first, liquid-liquid extractions were carried out using an ionic liquid (IL) with a linear chain of 4 carbon atoms. These extractions performed with bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide 3-butyl-1-methylimidazolium (BMIM-NTf2) and hexafluorophosphate 3-butyl-1-methylimidazolium (BMIM-PF6) did not show a considerable extraction of PPS comparatively to the PN. Secondly, solid-liquid extractions were done by first functionalizing solid-phase particles with the imidazolium salts. The extractions were carried out using the phosphopentapeptide Ac-pTyr-Ile-Gly-Glu-Phe-NH2 (PPS) and its acidic non-phosphorylated analogues. It has been shown that the C12 chain imidazolium salts were better to extract PPS than the other two peptides PN (Ac-Ile-Tyr-Gly-Glu-Phe-NH2) and PE (Ac-Glu-Tyr-Gly-Glu-Phe-NH2). The extraction efficiency of these peptides was estimated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Stevens, Shannon Rae. "Collaborating in the electric age: [onto]Riffological experiments in posthumanizing education and theorizing a machinic arts-based research." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12665.
Full textGraduate
2022-01-07