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1
Wang, Fangfang. "Le port de Shanghai, porte maritime de la Chine, 1843-1912." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL054.
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La présente thèse porte sur le développement du port de Shanghai de 1843 à 1912, en se concentrant sur l’histoire des entreprises étrangères installées à Shanghai pendant cette période. À une époque où la Chine promeut son Initiative de la Ceinture et la Route, visant à étendre son influence mondiale en aidant les pays participants à développer leurs infrastructures publiques, notamment portuaires, il est intéressant de réétudier l’histoire du développement du port de Shanghai durant la période concessionnaire. Les concessions étrangères de Shanghai et les entreprises privées établies sur place entre 1843 et 1912 ont joué un rôle essentiel dans la construction du port de cette ville, qui est devenu par la suite un modèle de développement pour les autres villes portuaires chinoises. La ville de Shanghai telle que nous la connaissons aujourd’hui trouve ses fondations durant cette période. Cette thèse essaie de démontrer en quoi les compétitions commerciales des entreprises étrangères présentes à Shanghai ont été le moteur du développement de son port. Elle explore le contexte historique, les étapes clés de la construction du port, l'aménagement et la gestion, ainsi que l'impérialisme occidental et l'émergence d'une conscience nationale chinoise<br>This thesis focuses on the development of the Shanghai port from 1843 to 1912, with a particular emphasis on the history of foreign enterprises established in Shanghai during this period. At a time when China is promoting its Belt and Road Initiative, aimed at expanding its global influence by assisting participating countries in developing their public infrastructure, including ports, it is interesting to reexamine the history of the development of the Shanghai port during the concession period. The foreign concessions in Shanghai and the private enterprises established there between 1843 and 1912 played a crucial role in the construction of the port, which later became a development model for other Chinese port cities. The city of Shanghai as we know it today has its foundations in this period. This thesis seeks to demonstrate how the commercial competition among foreign enterprises in Shanghai drove the development of its port. It explores the historical context, key stages of port construction, planning and management, as well as Western imperialism and the emergence of Chinese national consciousness
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Ramokolo, Bruce Sabelo Mpumelelo. "The capacity of emerging civil engineering construction contractors." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/873.
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Construction management competencies are essential to realise sound practices among and to realise optimum performance by, inter alia, emerging civil engineering contractors. Such competencies enable a clear focus on the business of construction and the management of projects, with increased efficiency and reduced costs as a benefit. The objective of the MSc (Built Environment) treatise study were to determine the current practices and performance of emerging civil engineering construction contractors operating in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. The descriptive method was adopted in the empirical study. The salient findings of the study are: most of the emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack construction management competencies; construction resources are inappropriately managed leading to construction failures; most of the emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack adequate supervision resulting to poor workmanship; there is a shortage of skilled labour amongst emerging civil engineering construction contractors; procurement processes are inappropriate leading to under capacitated emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations being awarded contracts; most emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations lack the requisite aptitude for construction; there is a lack of capacity at all management levels of emerging civil engineering construction organisations in managing the business of construction and that of projects; the nine functions of organisations are not comprehensively represented, and self-ratings indicate inadequacy relative to the management function of control, and relative to certain activities of the organising function. Conclusions include that emerging civil engineering construction contracting organisations need to be comprised of technical teams that possess adequate competencies and that use the construction technology to its full use enabling their organisations to stay abreast of their competitors. Recommendations that can contribute towards improving the status quo include: formal civil engineering and construction management education, resources must be present and training should be promoted throughout the industry at all levels of management to ensure proper supervision and correct use of adequately trained labour, skilled or semi-skilled, incapacitated emerging civil engineering construction contractors should be awarded contracts through appropriately and structured procurement procedures, adequate aptitude in construction should be promoted and enhanced in order to realise conceptualisation and visualisation capabilities, comply with legislation, maintain records and communicate using state of the art technology, optimally manage the finances, have the requisite resources and undertake the work efficiently, interact with the respective publics, and market the organisation to ensure sustainability thereof.
3
Madrid, Argomedo Manuel Ricardo. "Construction and post-construction performance of vertical breakwaters on soft soils : the Port of Barcelona case." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672322.
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The design and construction of vertical caisson breakwaters on soft soils represents a significant challenge for the engineering of marine structures. Past experience reveals that this type of structures is sometimes prone to failure or to undergo excessive settlements. Cyclic loading due to storm wave action adds an addtional degree of complexity. This Thesis present the performance of a wide-ranging set of geotechnical activities to address the key issues of stability, large caisson displacements and cyclic loading effects in the context of the construction of vertical breakwaters. They include site investigation operations (involving laboratory tests, in situ tests and field tests), constitutive models for soft clays (under static and cyclic conditions), instrumentation and monitoring systems, numerical modelling of the breakwater during and after construction and the evaluation of stability under static and cyclic loads. The construction and performance of a vertical breakwater built on the soft soils of the Port of Barcelona provides the focal point to integrate the description of those activities in a joint and structured manner.
After reviewing the main aspects associated with the construction and performance of vertical breakwaters, the behaviour of the soft foundation soil is examined. Laboratory tests, in situ tests and a large scale instrumented preload test are considered. Particular attention is paid to undrained shear strength, small strain stiffness, compressibility characteristics and cyclic loading effects. Soil behaviour is then modelled by a range of different constitutive laws of different degrees of complexity. The proper representation of strength anisotropy, long-term creep and cyclic behaviour is explicitly addressed.
An extensive monitoring system for the measurement of pore pressures and soil movements has been installed before construction and, following the loss of a number of sensors, after caisson emplacement as well. A novel feature of the instrumentation was the installation of sensors on the front and on the base of the caisson to measure the hydraulic response to the impact of sea waves. The monitoring data has provided the necessary information to achieve a sounder knowledge of the behaviour of the breakwater at different stages of construction and post-construction, including the response under storm loading.
Numerical analyses have been carried out towards achieving a better understanding of the breakwater behaviour during construction, post-construction and under cyclic loads. The interplay between monitoring observations, construction history and simulation results is highlighted. Special attention has been given to the evaluation of stability during construction and post-construction. Whenever relevant, the observations provided by the monitoring system are incorporated in the evaluation; the measurement of the evolution of pore pressures has proved important to ensure the safety of the caisson during construction. Breakwater stability under cyclic loading has also been evaluated using both simplified and advanced methods.
This ensemble of works performed in the context of a well-documented case history should prove of benefit for the design and construction of similar structures founded on soft ground.<br>El diseño y construcción de rompeolas de cajones verticales en suelos blandos representa un desafío importante para la ingeniería de estructuras marinas. La experiencia pasada revela que este tipo de estructuras en ocasiones son propensas a fallar o sufrir asentamientos excesivos. La carga cíclica debido a la acción de las olas de tormenta agrega un grado adicional de complejidad. Esta tesis presenta la realización de un amplio conjunto de actividades geotécnicas para abordar los problemas clave de estabilidad, grandes desplazamientos de cajones y efectos de cargas cíclicas en el contexto de la construcción de rompeolas verticales. Entre las que se incluyen operaciones de investigación del sitio (que incluyen pruebas de laboratorio, pruebas in situ y pruebas de campo), modelos constitutivos para arcillas blandas (en condiciones estáticas y cíclicas), sistemas de instrumentación y monitoreo, modelado numérico del rompeolas durante y después de la construcción y la evaluación de la estabilidad bajo cargas estáticas y cíclicas. La construcción y ejecución de un rompeolas vertical construido sobre los suelos blandos del Puerto de Barcelona proporciona el punto central para integrar la descripción de esas actividades de forma conjunta y estructurada. Luego de revisar los principales aspectos asociados con la construcción y desempeño de rompeolas verticales, se examina el comportamiento del suelo blando de cimentación. Se consideran pruebas de laboratorio, pruebas in situ y una prueba de precarga instrumentada a gran escala. Se presta especial atención a la resistencia al corte no drenado, la rigidez en pequeñas deformaciones, las características de compresibilidad y los efectos de carga cíclica. Luego, el comportamiento del suelo se modela mediante una gama de diferentes leyes constitutivas de diferentes grados de complejidad. Se aborda explícitamente la representación adecuada de la anisotropía de la resistencia, la fluencia a largo plazo y el comportamiento cíclico. Se ha instalado un extenso sistema de monitoreo antes de la construcción, para la medición de presiones de poros y movimientos del suelo y, luego tras la pérdida de varios sensores, después del emplazamiento de los cajones. Una característica novedosa de la instrumentación fue la instalación de sensores en el frente y en la base del cajón para medir la respuesta hidráulica al impacto de las olas del mar. Los datos de seguimiento han proporcionado la información necesaria para lograr un conocimiento más sólido del comportamiento de los rompeolas en diferentes etapas de construcción y posconstrucción, incluida la respuesta bajo carga de tormenta. Se han realizado análisis numéricos para lograr una mejor comprensión del comportamiento del rompeolas durante la construcción, posconstrucción y bajo cargas cíclicas. Se destaca la interacción entre las mediciones realizadas, el historial de construcción y los resultados de la simulación. Se ha prestado especial atención a la evaluación de la estabilidad durante la construcción y posconstrucción. Siempre que sea relevante, las observaciones proporcionadas por el sistema de seguimiento se incorporan a la evaluación; La medición de la evolución de las presiones intersticiales ha demostrado ser importante para garantizar la seguridad del cajón durante la construcción. La estabilidad del rompeolas bajo cargas cíclicas también se ha evaluado utilizando métodos tanto simplificados como avanzados. Este conjunto de trabajos realizados en el contexto de un caso de estudio bien documentada debería resultar beneficioso para el diseño y la construcción de estructuras similares cimentadas en terreno blando.<br>Enginyeria del terreny
4
Vignau, Pascale. "La Pallice : La construction et l'essor d'un port de commerce (1870-1940)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROF005.
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Au début du XIXe siècle, la marine connaît une mutation technique accélérée. Le « vieux port » aux origines médiévales de la Rochelle ne répond plus aux besoins de la navigation, ce qui donne lieu au creusement d’un bassin intérieur effectif en 1808. Cet équipement s’avère vite insuffisant et au milieu du siècle, la construction d’un second bassin hors les murs s’impose et voit le quartier de la Ville-en-Bois se développer à proximité. Rapidement, à son tour, dans les années 1850-1860, ce nouveau bassin ne répond plus aux exigences maritimes modernes. La construction d’un troisième bassin à flot en eau profonde est alors envisagée pour la première fois. La question du lieu se pose. La réponse vient de l’ingénieur hydrographe Bouquet de la Grye, qui, après avoir étudié différentes possibilités de la rade, propose en 1876 un lieu à 5 km à l’ouest de la ville, ce sera la création du port en eau profonde de La Pallice. La venue, en 1878, du ministre des travaux publics Freycinet entérine ce grand projet devenu national. Les travaux débutent en 1880 jusqu’au 19 août 1890, date de l’inauguration par le président Sadi Carnot. Le 5 juin 1891, l’établissement portuaire est ouvert à la navigation et le trafic se développe selon une progression constante. La Première Guerre mondiale met en lumière les avantages de La Pallice et son rôle important dans la défense nationale, mais le port présenté comme moderne en 1890 devient bientôt exigu pour recevoir des navires de plus en plus grands. La construction d'un môle d'escale en eau profonde est adoptée en 1923, pour être en partie opérationnel avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette thèse qui relève de l’histoire urbaine s'attache également à démontrer en quoi la création du port de la Pallice a permis à La Rochelle de renouer avec son grand destin maritime en relançant son économie marchande<br>At the beginning of the 19 th century, the navy underwent an accelerated technical change. The "old port" with medieval origins of La Rochelle no longer meets the needs of navigation, which gives rise to the digging of an effective interior basin in 1808. This equipment quickly proves insufficient and in the middle of the century, the construction of a second basin outside the walls was essential and saw the Ville-en-Bois district develop nearby. Quickly, in turn, in the years 1850-1860, this new basin no longer met modern maritime requirements. The construction of a third wet dock in deep water was then considered for the first time. The question of location arises. The answer comes from the hydrographer engineer Bouquet de la Grye who, after having studied the various possibilities of the bay, proposed in 1876 a place 5 km west of the city, with would be the creation of the deep water port of La Pallice. The visit of the Minister of Public Works, Freycinet, in 1878, endorsed this major project which had become national in scope. Work began in 1880 until August 19, 1890, the date of inauguration by President Sadi Carnot. On June 5, 1891, the port establishment was opened to navigation, and traffic grew steadily. The First World War highlights the advantages of La Pallice and its important role in national defence, but the port presented as modern in 1890 soon becomes cramped to receive increasingly large ships. The construction of a deep-water stopover mole was adopted in 1923, to be partly operational before the Second World War. This thesis, which is part of urban history, also aims to demonstrate how the creation of the port of La Pallice has enabled La Rochelle to renew its great maritime destiny by reviving its marchant economy
5
Steto, Zoleka. "Preference and discrimination in the construction industry in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021156.
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The aim of this paper is to discover if women are still discriminated against, given fair and equal opportunities as men in the construction industry in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. This paper will also provide recommendations and possible solutions to the problem of discrimination. It will look at the policies government developed to ensure equality and women empowerment in the industry.
6
Mbambe, Putumani. "Construction small and medium enterprise development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11681.
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The objective of this treatise study was to determine the leading causes which limit the development of SMME contractors, to ascertain the accessibility of SMME incubators available to support SMME development and to identify the cause of poor management performance by SMME contractors based in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. A qualitative method was adopted for this study. The primary data was collected using a structured interview guide which incorporated the sub problems and the research questions. The salient findings of this study are: SMME contractors are unaware of the available business information and government support programmes designed to assist them; SMME contractors do not receive capital from banks when they don‟t have collateral; Desperation to secure projects among SMME contractors is the leading cause for under-pricing; SMME contractors are still paid later than the 30 day period for completed work; SMME owners who had started their construction companies lacked training and do not have the relevant experience and knowledge required to manage a construction company. In summary the study concluded that SMME who have access to capital have high growth prospects than those that have not. Accessibility to information and awareness of available opportunities remains significant for the growth of SMMEs. Construction related knowledge and training for SMME owners contributes vastly to the success of SMME companies. The study recommended that; Government needs to promote the accessibility of SMME incubators and ensure institutions designed to assist SMMEs with finance are accessible; The effectiveness of current development programs for small enterprises and skills development programs should be reviewed; MMBM should setup a mentoring program to help train SMME contractors theoretically and practically; NMBM local government should promote women to own SMMEs in order to close the gap of inequality in the built environment; Banks must work with government institutions to ensure that they are able to fund SMMEs.
7
Cerceau, Juliette. "L’écologie industrielle comme processus de construction territoriale : application aux espaces portuaires." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0724/document.
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La circulation des flux de matières et d’énergie reflète aussi bien le fonctionnement de la biosphère que celui des sociétés humaines. L’écologie industrielle, dans son approche territoriale, interpelle ces interactions socioécologiques au sein d’un espace géographique et participe ainsi à la définition et à la structuration de l’espace en territoire. Par une approche expérimentale déclinée sur les espaces portuaires, nous cherchons à rendre manifeste, pour la valider et mieux l’appréhender, cette dynamique de configuration du territoire en écologie industrielle. Le territoire constitue une matrice complexe, composée de représentations et de pratiques, manifestées dans le discours des acteurs. A partir de l’étude de 21 cas portuaires d’écologie industrielle à l’échelle internationale, 9 modèles territoriaux ont été proposés pour l’observer et la décrypter. Déclinés dans l’espace portuaire de Marseille-Fos, ces modèles permettent la production et l’interprétation des discours des acteurs de la démarche d’écologie industrielle en vue d’identifier les modalités de construction territoriale à l’œuvre et de construire une configuration du territoire à l’interface des représentations et pratiques des acteurs. Cette expérimentation met en évidence un phénomène d’imbrication territoriale de l’écologie industrielle et la participation de celle-ci à une dynamique territorialité-territorialisation structurante de la construction territoriale. Elle propose ainsi une définition socioécologique du territoire, distinguant des biotopes et des niches occupés par des acteurs, dont les interactions appellent à un renouvellement de la gouvernance portuaire de l’écologie industrielle<br>The circulation of material and energy flows reflects the functioning of both biosphere and human societies. Industrial ecology, in its territorial approach, questions these socioecological interactions within a geographical area. It contributes to the definition and structuration of land into territory. Through an experimental approach led upon port areas, the aim is to reveal this dynamic of territorial configuration in industrial ecology. Territory constitutes a complex matrix of representations and practices, uncovered in actors’ speeches. From the analysis of 21 industrial ecology port case studies at an international scale, 9 territorial patterns are defined in order to observe and interprete this dynamic. Implemented in Marseille-Fos port area, these patterns allow the production and the interpretation of actors’ speeches in order to identify the territorial construction modes and to build a common territorial configuration, at the interface of actors’ representations and practices. This experimentation highlights a territorial embeddedness phenomenon for industrial ecology. It reveales industrial ecology’s contribution to a “territoriality-territorialisation” dynamic, leading to territorial configuration. It thus proposes a socioecological definition of territory, identifying biotopes and niches occupied by different actors. The overlapping of these biotopes and niches questions the evolution of port governance for the implementation of industrial ecology
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Zuo, Yiying 1974. "Design, analysis, and implementation of multi-port refraction based electro-optic switches." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103035.
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Electro-optic (EO) beam deflectors are voltage-controlled devices widely used for scanning and switching applications. For example, high-speed, low-loss optical switches aimed at future optical networks can be built on EO deflectors. Novel EO deflectors distinguish themselves with a much-improved steering performance, high-speed response and simple fabrication requirements. Patterned ferroelectric crystals such as LiTaO3 are first poled to provide the required prism shaped domain structures. The application of an electrical field across the entire crystal can then be used to drive the trajectory of the beam as it travels through the poled wafer. The electric field induces an index change of opposite magnitude on the adjacent domain regions in the EO device, causing the optical beam to refract at the interfaces.<br>Although rectangular geometry is extensively employed in EO devices, nonrectangular scanners have demonstrated better deflection performance. Two new nonrectangular geometries capable of further enhancing the deflection performance of EO beam scanners, proposed in this dissertation, were constructed. Their parabola and half-horn geometries provide 2-3 degrees of steering, which is 2-3 times greater than the steering provided by rectangular deflectors.<br>EO deflectors based on the parabola and the half-horn geometries, which can provide larger deflection angles, were built. These devices demonstrated a deflection angle of 3.1°, less than 5 dB of insertion loss from fiber to fiber, and -40 dB of crosstalk.<br>Two packaged optical switches using rectangular EO deflectors were demonstrated. By combining these EO deflectors with fiber collimators and high voltage packaging, high speed optical switches were built and characterized. The switch design was based on a 500mum z-cut LiTaO3 single crystal wafer fabricated using the domain inversion method. The 1x2 switch had a maximum deflection angle of 1.22° with an applied voltage of 1.1 kV and the 1x4 switch had a maximum deviation angle of 2.14°, with an applied voltage of 1 kV. The average insertion loss and crosstalk figures were 2.36 dB and -36 dB, respectively. The worst case switching time was 86 ns.
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Qian, Zhijun. "Modeling and design of multi-port DC/DC converters." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4622.
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In this dissertation, a new satellite platform power architecture based on paralleled three-port DC/DC converters is proposed to reduce the total satellite power system mass. Moreover, a four-port DC/DC converter is proposed for renewable energy applications where several renewable sources are employed. Compared to the traditional two-port converter, three-port or four-port converters are classified as multi-port converters. Multi-port converters have less component count and less conversion stage than the traditional power processing solution which adopts several independent two-port converters. Due to their advantages multi-port converters recently have attracted much attention in academia, resulting in many topologies for various applications. But all proposed topologies have at least one of the following disadvantages: 1) no bidirectional port; 2) lack of proper isolation; 3) too many active and passive components; 4) no soft-switching. In addition, most existing research focuses on the topology investigation, but lacks study on the multi-port converter's control aspects, which are actually very challenging since it is a multi-input multi-output control system and has so many cross-coupled control loops. A three-port converter is proposed and used for space applications. The topology features bidirectional capability, low component count and soft-switching for all active switches, and has one output port to meet certain isolating requirements. For the system level control strategy, the multi-functional central controller has to achieve maximal power harvesting for the solar panel, the battery charge control for the battery, and output voltage regulation for the dc bus. In order to design these various controllers, a good dynamic model of the control object should be obtained first.; Moreover, this topology can be extended into n input ports which allow more input renewable sources. Finally, the work is summarized and concluded, and references are listed.; Therefore, a modeling procedure based on a traditional state-space averaging method is proposed to characterize the dynamic behavior of such a multi-port converter. The proposed modeling method is clear and easy to follow, and can be extended for other multi-port converters. In order to boost the power level of the multi-port converter system and allow redundancy, the three-port converters are paralleled together. The current sharing control for the multi-port converters has rarely been reported. A so called "dual loop" current sharing control structure is identified to be suitable for the paralleled multi-port converters, since its current loop and the voltage loop can be considered and designed independently, which simplifies the multi-port converter's loop analysis. The design criteria for that dual loop structure are also studied to achieve good current sharing dynamics while guaranteeing the system stability. The renewable energy applications are continuously demanding the low cost solution, so that the renewable energy might have a more competitive dollar per kilowatt figure than the traditional fossil fuel power generation. For this reason, the multi-port converter is a good candidate for such applications due to the low component count and low cost. Especially when several renewable sources are combined to increase the power delivering certainty, the multi-port solution is more beneficial since it can replace more separate converters. A four-port converter is proposed to interface two different renewable sources, such as the wind turbine and the solar panel, one bidirectional battery device, and the galvanically isolated load. The four-port converter is based on the traditional half-bridge topology making it easy for the practicing power electronics engineer to follow the circuit design.<br>ID: 028917035; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-168).<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science<br>Engineering and Computer Science
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Lourens, Deon Willem. "An investigation with recommendations of the present conditions surrounding the caisson extension to the main breakwater at the port of Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1025.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Engineering))--Cape Technikon, 1997<br>The idea for this study occurred when movement of the caisson extension to the
breakwater was observed.
The major concern was, what would happen if the caisson breakwater extension
failed? What would the financial implications be to the port?
The CSIR have carried out a number of studies with regards to the safety of the
structure. The consequences of caisson failure and the possible effects on the port
were however not investigated.
When it was determined that settlement was taking place, information concerning
the condition of the caisson structure and factors influencing the structure were
gathered. Investigations on the following were done:
(a) Extent of caisson settlement.
(b) Sediment movement around the structure.
(c) Foundation condition.
(d) Wave impacts of long and short period waves on the Ben Schoeman Dock in
the event of caisson failure. (Refraction and diffraction).
(e) Financial implications due to possible container operation downtime at Ben
Schoeman Dock in the event of caisson failure.
(f) The tourist potential of the structure.
The conclusion reached in this study was that the Ben Schoeman Dock would not
be adversely effected if partial or complete failure of the main breakwater should
take place. One could even question the length of the extension and whether it was
actually required.
The recommendations of this study would be as follows follows:
Maintain the caisson extension in good condition as it will be important
for possible future extensions to the port.
Develop the breakwater as it is an asset which has potential for
tourism to Cape Town.
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Mackenzie, Caleigh Simone. "A skills profile of female managers in the construction and engineering industry of Nelson Mandela Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2824.
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The male-dominated nature of the construction and engineering industries is a well-known phenomenon. This research provides insight into the skills required by female managers in order to manage successfully in these industries dominated by males. The primary purpose of this research is to identify the skills profile of female managers in the construction and engineering industry of Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). Even though the number of female managers in senior management positions is increasing, South Africa still has a long way to go before men and women are considered equal with regard to the roles that they play and the positions that they occupy in the work-place (Mail & Guardian Online, 2012: 1). Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the skills needed by female managers in the construction and engineering industry of NMB. This study attempts to provide answers to the following research questions: What are the management skills a manager should have? What is the skills profile of female managers in the construction and engineering sector of NMB? Is there a skills gap in the current literature? The literature overview was conducted on roles, functions and skills of managers as well as female managers in male-dominated industries from journals and books published between 2000 and 2014. Topics researched included the roles and functions of managers, generic management skills and industry-specific management skills, females as managers and leaders, barriers to managerial success for females, and the nature of the construction and engineering industries. Chapter four discusses the research design and methodology used in this study. The quantitative research approach was used in order to solve the main problem of this study. A non-probability sampling method was used for this study. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods were used. These methods seemed most appropriate given the small sample size, the fact that self-completion questionnaires were used to gather data from female managers, and the fact that the researcher investigated only the skills exhibited data. The Master Builders’ Association was contacted in order to identify respondents in construction. Respondents in engineering were identified using snowball sampling, which forms part of non-probability sampling. A questionnaire was developed based on the management skills identified in the literature study conducted. Primary data was collected through e-mail distribution of a cover letter requesting the respondent to complete the attached questionnaire. The data was then loaded on an Excel data base for further use and analysis. Once primary data had been collected, it was analysed using appropriate statistical methods. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data to determine the skills’ profile of female managers in the construction and engineering industry of NMB, as reflected in the collected data. These results were then used to identify areas for further research. The analysis revealed that the majority of the sample was between the ages of 29 and 38 years old and employed in the construction industry. The sample mainly consisted of top level managers with a Masters as their highest educational qualification (41 per cent). The majority of the respondents agreed that conceptual, technical, political, analytic, administrative, and diagnostic skills are required to effectively manage an organisation. Based on the findings, the majority of the respondents strongly agreed that leadership, planning, organising, conflict management, and project management skills are industry-specific management skills required to manage effectively in the construction and engineering industry. The majority of respondents indicated that they had learned these skills through workplace training and experience. The majority of the respondents agree that female managers excel in certain managerial skills and even believe that female managers possess different skills to those of male managers. The results of this study are expected to create awareness of the current state of the construction and engineering industry in NMB. The information will enable employers as well as FET institutions to create interventions and equip females with the necessary skills to become engineering and construction professionals.
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Koen-Müller, Magdel. "An analysis of key factors responsible for and influencing the rate of employee absenteeism in the construction sector with specific reference to the Ngqura Harbour project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/152.
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Absenteeism places huge financial burdens on organisations and has a detrimental effect on productivity. Aware of the direct and indirect costs associated with absenteeism, management must determine what factors are responsible for the absenteeism and how these factors can be rectified in order to reduce the rate of employee absenteeism in the organisation. The study’s main aims were firstly to determine which key factors are responsible for employees being absent from work and secondly, how they can be rectified in order to reduce absenteeism. From the data that was obtained from the literature study stress, substance abuse, lack of job commitment and organisational factors account for some reasons given for absenteeism. Employee absenteeism may also be partly due to not enough emphasis being placed on career development, staff retention and salaries. Other causes of absenteeism include personal responsibilities, lack of motivation and low morale in the workplace. Only recently have managers become aware of the true impact which alcohol and substance abuse have on organisations. More productivity is lost through on-the-job absenteeism than due to any other single factor. On-the-job absenteeism is difficult to define and very difficult to identify. Such absenteeism includes the presence of employees at work while they are sick but incapable of performing to their true capabilities – this often occurring on Mondays or Fridays or the day after payday. With current staff retention programs, mergers and joint ventures, organisations now demand the same level of production with fewer employees. This has given rise to an increase in the level of stress employees experience, which led to stress becoming a key factor responsible for absenteeism. When managing absenteeism the implementation of a proper measurement system is essential. This will enable the company to determine the extent of their absenteeism. An evaluation and comparison of these statistics over a period of time will also shed light on the nature of the absenteeism. These will result in the proactive handling of a company’s absenteeism. This is also the first step away from the acceptance of absenteeism and subsequently the nurturing of an absence culture. Employers can take a number of steps to reduce absenteeism, such as giving responsibility for absence management to senior or human resource managers rather than line managers, introducing return to work interviews, introducing discipline procedures and others. The great majority of absence management solutions completely overlook organisational factors, instead focusing on individual, claim processing and health-related factors in the quest to reduce lost productive days. Absence management programs should focus on organisational (not individual) drivers of absence to encourage a present and committed workforce. Absenteeism will never be eradicated, but through careful management organisations can reduce the absentee rate and the effect it has on the organization.
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Quellier, Soizic. "Etude sociologique d'un chantier naval, Scott-Lithgow, et de ses villes dépendantes : Greenock et port Glasgow, Écosse." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100078.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse est une étude portant sur un chantier naval, Scott-Lithgow et sa communauté ouvrière. Elle est composée de deux parties. La première traite du monde du travail à l'intérieur des chantiers : l'homme au travail (conditions de travail, satisfaction ou insatisfaction au travail, organisation du travail) l'homme et les syndicats (syndicalisme et valeurs ouvrières, identité ouvrière et syndicalisme) scott-lithgow et la crise (conflit de 1983-84, défense communautaire, identité communautaire). La deuxième partie traite de l'ouvrier dans le monde extérieur : le cadre de vie, le foyer, les loisirs, les problèmes sociaux, l'ensemble des réseaux sociaux ouvriers<br>This thesis deals with a shipyard in Scotland, Scott-Lithgow and its working class community. It is made in two different movements. The first part deals with man at work: working conditions, organization of work; the hierarchy within the working class group and its valves, satisfaction at work. The second theme in this part deals with trade-unionism and its different aspects (demarcation between trades, closed shop, skilled workers unionism, unskilled workers unionism. . . ). The third theme is a synthesis of all this through the study of Scottlithgow crisis (1983-84) and its denationalization. The second part of the study deals with man outside the shipyards: man and its environment, man at home his social rituals (pubs, social clubs. . . ) and the social problems he is confronted to. As a resume, this study deals with a whole community at work and outside work, a community confronted to industrial mutations and to major threats putting into questions their way of life and their identity
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Desnos, Nicolas. "Ports composites pour l'assemblage automatique de composants logiciels : application à la construction dynamique et à l'évolution non anticipée." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20124.
Full textAbstract:
Un grand nombre de logiciels est construit par réutilisation de composants existants. Le comportement global du logiciel résulte de l'interaction des comportements individuels de chaque composant. L'objectif de ce travail est de construire des applications par assemblage de composants existants issus d'un référentiel de composants. Le critère de qualité considéré découle de la satisfaction, par l'assemblage résultat, d'objectifs fonctionnels identifiés lors de l'analyse du besoin. Alors que la plupart des approches existantes fournissent des langages pour décrire et vérifier la correction syntaxique et comportementale d'un assemblage, peu y adjoignent la vérification de la satisfaction d'objectifs fonctionnels. Nous définissons la validité comme étant un niveau de vérification combinant la correction de l'assemblage et la satisfaction des objectifs fonctionnels. La principale contribution de cette thèse est de proposer un processus de construction automatique d'assemblages de composants satisfaisant des objectifs fonctionnels. Nous proposons un méta-modèle de composants dont les collaborations potentielles sont documentées par des ports composites. Cette information permet de définir une stratégie de construction autonomique d'assemblages potentiellement valides grâce à une recherche parmi tous les assemblages possibles. La complexité de cette recherche est maîtrisée grâce à des optimisations heuristiques. Ce mécanisme est aussi utilisé pour la re-construction de la partie manquante d'un assemblage lors de son évolution dynamique. Notre proposition est plus flexible que celles de travaux comparables car elle permet de réaliser des substitutions n à 1 afin de pallier l'indisponibilité d'un composant proposant exactement les fonctionnalités attendues. Une implémentation prototype, comme extension du modèle de composants Fractal, permet de réaliser diverses expérimentations sur des simulations de bases de composants et de montrer l'efficacité de nos algorithmes
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OLIVEIRA, CRISTIANE MOURA DE. "THE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY IN CAIS DO VALONGO: EXPRESSION OF BLACK SOCIAL RESISTANCE IN THE CARIOCA PORT REGION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31322@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>O presente estudo buscou aprofundar a análise sobre as transformações ocorridas no território do Cais do Valongo desde seu período escravocrata até os dias atuais. Desde então já se configurava como um dos mais importantes portos de desembarque de escravos da época e, consequentemente, desempenhava papel relevante para a economia carioca até seu aterramento para a construção do Cais da Imperatriz, ação esta que teve cunho de conferir novos usos aquela região ao mesmo que tempo buscou esconder vestígios da barbárie da escravidão. Contudo, a partir da cena contemporânea, o Cais do Valongo vivenciou intervenções urbanísticas por conta do processo de revitalização e reurbanização da Região Portuária. Consequentemente, tais intervenções promoveram sua ressignificação através dos grupos afros que, com suas práticas culturais, vêm buscando a valorização do território através do reconhecimento do legado cultural da Matriz Africana, a qual foi sendo construído através de processos históricos na região. Deste modo, intencionou-se buscar compreender as particularidades dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de resistência identitária, por considerarmos apresentar-se como um caminho de análise importante para o profissional de Serviço Social. Este profissional deve estar atento às ações por parte do capital no tecido urbano, assim como deve destacar a relevância dos movimentos sociais na luta por determinados espaços e as possíveis contribuições dos profissionais junto a esses movimentos de resistência a fim de possibilitar o acesso das minorias ao direito à cidade e de ampliar a discussão do papel do negro na sociedade brasileira.<br>The present study intended to analyze the transformations that occurred in the territory of the Valongo since its slave period to the present day. Since then, it was already one of the most important ports of arrival of slaves and, consequently, it played an important role for Rio de Janeiro s economy until its grounding for the construction of píer of the Imperatriz, an action that had the purpose of conferring new uses on that region at the same time as it tried to hide traces of the barbarity of slavery. However, from the contemporary scene, píer of the Valongo experienced urban interventions due to the process of revitalization and redevelopment of the Port Region. Consequently, these interventions promoted their re-signification through afro groups that, with their cultural practices, have been seeking the valorization of the territory through the recognition of the cultural legacy of African origin, which was being built through historical processes in the region. In this way, it was intended understand the particularities of the subjects involved in the process of identity resistance, considering that it presents itself as an important path of analysis for the Social Worker. This professional should be aware of capital actions in the urban fabric, as well as highlight the relevance of social movements in the struggle for certain spaces and the possible contributions of professionals along these movements of resistance to allow minority access to the right to the city and to broaden the discussion of the role of black people in Brazilian society.
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Wust, Isak. "A feasible design concept for the deep water breakwater of the proposed new Durban Dig-Out Port." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95969.
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Thesis (MEng)–Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Port of Durban is forecasted to reach its capacity in terms of container handling soon,
which necessitates the investigation of an alternative port in the vicinity. The old Durban
Airport site has been identified as a potential location to develop a new deep water
container harbour. This is driven by a demand for deep water berth capacity as a result of
shipping liners preferring the benefits of scale in their operations, leading to the use of
larger ships with deeper drafts. To protect the new port from wave energy penetrating
inside the basin as well as from sedimentation from the adjacent beaches, the design and
construction of breakwaters are required.
The proposed main breakwater for this dig-out port is expected to extend 1 200m into
the sea, up to depths of 30m at the seaward roundhead. The deeper parts of the
breakwater face wave onslaught in a different manner than a conventional breakwater in
shallower waters. At these larger depths, the breakwater has to dissipate the energy of
non-breaking waves.
In this thesis, the wave climate nearshore, adjacent to the proposed breakwater is studied
and extreme wave events are simulated with a SWAN numerical model. The results for a
range of wave conditions, corresponding to selected events up to a return period of one in
100 years, are presented.
A study of deep water breakwaters was undertaken to investigate other examples of
similar structures. This indicated a clear distinction between vertical wall type
breakwaters and the more traditional rubble-mound type breakwaters. For this thesis, a
rubble-mound breakwater was chosen as the breakwater type for testing under
conditions of the Durban Dig-Out Port (DDOP). Focussing on a deep water trunk section
of the proposed main breakwater, a concept cross-section was designed using
deterministic design methods. The formulae incorporated in this method did however not
take into account the packing density of the armour layer and only assumed the
recommended values.
The hypothesis is thus put forward that the breakwater will still be hydraulically stable
for packing densities below the recommended values. This would decrease material
consumption and save on cost over the entire breakwater. A physical model was designed
to experiment with different armour layer configurations of single- and double layer
Cubipod arrangements. The unit was chosen for its massive shape and structural integrity
even during impact. A physical model study was performed at the facilities of the CSIR in Stellenbosch. It
entailed setting up a fixed-bed two-dimensional physical model in a glass wave flume.
Measuring wave heights, wave reflection, overtopping, wave transmission and armour
damage, the hydraulic stability and operational performance were analysed for several
tests. Based on the results of the first few test series, alterations were made to the
breakwater geometry and armouring.
The results confirmed the hypothesis that lower packing densities were still hydraulically
stable under 1 in 100 year return period wave conditions without inhibiting operational
performance. A final cross-section is presented as concept design for the deep section of
the proposed DDOP main breakwater.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volgens vooruitsigte gaan Durban hawe binnekort sy kapasiteit bereik wat die hantering
van skeepshouers betref. Hierdie verwikkeling noodsaak die ondersoek na ‘n
alternatiewe hawe in die nabye omgewing. Die voormalige Durban lughawe is intussen
geïdentifiseer as ‘n potensiële perseel waar ‘n diep water houervrag hawe ontwikkel kan
word. Dit word gedryf deur die aanvraag na diep water kaai kapasiteit as gevolg van skip
operateurs wat skaalvoordele verkies, sodat groter skepe met diep rompe meer populêr
word. Die ontwerp en konstruksie van breekwaters word dus benodig, om te verhoed dat
beide golwe, sowel as sediment van aangrensende strande, die hawe binnedring.
Die voorgestelde hoof breekwater vir hierdie hawe sal na verwagting tot 1200m in die
see in strek, waar dit tot 30m diep is naby die seewaartse hoof van dié breekwater. Die
dieper gedeeltes van só ‘n breekwater sal blootgestel word aan ‘n ander soort golf aanslag
as ‘n soortgelyke konvensionele breekwater in vlakker water. In hierdie waterdiepte is
die breekwater verantwoordelik vir die energie verbreking van ongebreekte golwe.
In hierdie tesis word die golfklimaat langs die kus, naby aan die voorgestelde breekwater
bestudeer. Die uiterste golf gebeurtenisse word gesimuleer met ‘n SWAN numeriese
model. Die resultate van ‘n reeks golf kondisies, ooreenstemmend met bepaalde
gebeurtenissemet herhaal periodes van tot 100 jaar, word aangebied.
‘n Studie van diep water breekwaters is onderneem om voorbeelde van soortgelyke
strukture te ondersoek. Die studie toon ‘n definitiewe onderskeid tussen vertikale muur
breekwaters en die meer tradisionele “rubble-mound” breekwater tipes. Vir hierdie tesis
is die “rubble-mound” breekwater tipe gekies vir toetsing, onderhewig aan die kondisies
van die “Durban Dig-Out Port” (DDOP). ‘n Konsep deursnit is ontwerp vir ‘n diep water
romp gedeelte van die voorgestelde hoof breekwater, deur van deterministiese metodes
gebruik te maak. Die formules soos vervat in hierdie proses maak egter nie voorsiening
vir die pakdigtheid van die bewapeningslaag nie, maar aanvaar slegs die voorgestelde
waardes.
Die hipotese word dus aangevoer dat die breekwater steeds hidrolies stabiel sal wees vir
pakdigthede wat laer as die voorgestelde waardes is. Dit sal die verbruik van materiale
verlaag en lei tot koste besparings vir die breekwater. ‘n Fisiese model is ontwerp om te
eksperimenteer met verskillende opstellings van die bewapeningslaag. Dit sluit enkel- en
dubbel laag bewapening met Cubipod eenhede in. Hierdie eenheid is gekies vir sy
massiewe vorm en strukturele integriteit, selfs tydens impak. ‘n Fisiese model studie is uitgevoer by die fasiliteite van die WNNR in Stellenbosch. Dit
het die opstel van ‘n vaste-bodem, twee-dimensionele fisiese model in ‘n glas golftenk
(“wave flume”) behels. Hidroliese stabiliteit en operasionele werksverrigting is
geanaliseer deur golf hoogtes, -weerkaatsing, -oorslag, -deurlating, en skade aan die
bewapening te meet vir verskeie toetse. Gebasseer op die resultate van die eerste paar
toetsreekse, is veranderinge gemaak aan die breekwater se geometrie en bewapening.
Die resultate het die hipotese bevestig dat laer pakdigthede steeds hidrolies stabiel is
tydens golf kondisies met ‘n 1 in 100 jaar herhaal periode, sonder om die werksverrigting
van die breekwater te belemmer. ‘n Finale deursnit word voorgestel as ‘n konsepontwerp
vir die diep water deursnit van die DDOP se hoof breekwater.
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Le, Bouëdec Gérard. "Le port et l'arsenal de Lorient, de la compagnie des Indes à la marine cuirassée : une reconversion réussie (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles) /." Paris : Librairie de l'Inde, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35707278f.
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Cozic, Bertrand. "Les relations ville-port à Rio de Janeiro : les défis de la mondialisation dans l'émergence et la construction de territoires." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROF024.
Full textAbstract:
Le monde portuaire connaît, depuis quelques décennies, de profondes mutations liées à la crise du modèle productif Fordiste. Les ports issus de l’ère industrielle doivent dorénavant faire face aux innovations techniques du commerce mondial, et, définir un nouveau paradigme de développement pour bénéficier des opportunités qu’offre la mondialisation. La ville et le port de Rio de Janeiro, qui souhaitent s’inscrire dans une dynamique de développement durable, sont confrontés aux besoins d’articuler une vaste réforme portuaire, celle-ci concrétisée par le vote de la loi 8630 de 1993. Cette dernière, prévue pour la réforme institutionnelle du système portuaire brésilien, ouvrit aussi la voie à une réflexion sur la reconversion des friches, ces espaces portuaires issus de l’ère industrielle, devenus souvent obsolètes et inadaptés face aux exigences techniques et commerciales du commerce maritime international. Près de 90% des espaces portuaires de Rio de Janeiro n’abritent pour ainsi dire plus aucune activité commerciale, alors que les terminaux privés de conteneurs et rouliers (roll-on/roll-off) de Caju connaissent une croissance régulière. La ville a lancé un vaste projet de « récupération » de ces espaces et entrepôts à l’abandon, sur le modèle de nombreux projets tels que Puerto madero à Buenos Aires, le port de Barcelone et bien d’autres encore. Cependant, la ville ne semble pas vouloir prendre en compte la nouvelle dynamique commerciale de ses terminaux de conteneurs et de véhicules. Elle écarte, par la même occasion, l’opportunité de créer un véritable projet de développement concerté, en articulant d’une part, le renouveau des friches portuaires par l’élaboration d’un plan de développement immobilier et touristique basé sur les loisirs, et d’autre part, une politique de coopération entre la ville et les activités portuaires. Ces dernières pourraient alors développer des services autour des produits qui transitent par le port et y agréger de la valeur, afin d’attirer les flux issus de la mondialisation<br>For a few decades, the port world has known some deep transformations linked to the crisis of the Fordist production model. Ports dating from industrial era have henceforth to follow technical innovations of the world trade, and to define a new development paradigm in order to make the most of the opportunities offered by globalization. The city and the port of Rio de Janeiro, who both want to enter a sustainable development process, are faced with the task of building a huge port reform, the latter made real by the vote of the law 8630 from 1993. This law, intended to the institutional reform of the Brazilian port system, paved the way for a new reflection about the waste land reconversion, these port spaces, dating from the industrial era, often became obsolete and inadapted to the technical and commercial demands for the international maritime trade. About 90% of the Rio de Janeiro port spaces have no more commercial activity, whereas the private containers and roll-on/roll-off Caju’s terminals experience a regular growth. The city has launched a huge recuperation project of these spaces and empty warehouses, on the model of a lot of projects such as Puerto Madero in Buenos Aires, Barcelona port and so many others. However, the city doesn’t seem to take in consideration the new commercial dynamics of the container and car terminals. It misses then the opportunity to create a real concerted development project, articulating on the one hand, the revival of port waste land, through the elaboration of a property and tourist development plan based on leisure, and on the other hand, a cooperation policy between the city and port activities. They could then develop services around products which pass through the port and add them value, in order to attract flows inherent to globalization
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Mahmoud, Manal Ali. "Les discours sur le port du voile dans la Presse française et la construction d’un débat public contradictoire en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3024.
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Dans cette thèse, insérée dans la cadre de la sociologie de la connaissance, nous nous intéressons à étudier les discours circulant en France sur un comportement vestimentaire, le port du voile. Notre approche porte sur des discours : le premier celui des acteurs sociaux concernés par ce comportement vestimentaire, des jeunes femmes concernées par le port du voile. Le deuxième discours est celui de la presse écrite. Notre travail se base, essentiellement, sur la théorie de Boltanski, pour l'analyse des entretiens, et sur celle d'Habermas, pour l'analyse des discours de la presse écrite. Le traitement de la question de notre recherche, le port du voile, nous a cheminé à interroger la littérature sur la sociologie de journalisme et à établir un rapport articulant les communications journalistiques avec les thématiques théoriques concernant « l'espace public » en retraçant la surmédiatisation et la politisation liées à ce sujet. Nous nous sommes également intéressée à la question du port du voile en tant que pratique vestimentaire et pour la comprendre nous avons donné la parole, à travers des entretiens individuels, aux acteurs de cette pratique.Ce travail a été effectué dans une perspective multi-méthodologique : nous avons à la fois effectué deux types d'analyse : une première analyse discursive, qui nous a permis d'illustrer les procédures journalistiques utilisées dans le traitement da la question du port du voile dans notre corpus de la presse écrite (Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération et L'Express). Et une deuxième analyse thématique qui nous a conduite à saisir les sentiments, le « vécu » et la « volonté » de personnes qui ont décidé ou qui désirent porter le voile<br>In this thesis which would be classified under the sociology of consciousness we focus on the study of the common mainline discourse regarding the Muslim women dress behavior of the veil. Our methodology is based on the speech discourse analysis of : firstly the speech discourse of the socials actors directly involved in this behavior; i.e. the young girls concerned with wearing the veil, most of which already do, or would like to wear it. The secondly is the speech and language used by the printed press in regards to this issue. Our work is primarily based on Boltanski's theory of the interviews analyzing, and on Habermas's work on the speech analyzing of the press.The studying of our research, the veil, walked us to examine the literature on the sociology of journalism and to link between the journalistic communication and those theoretical subjects concerned with the “public space” by tracing the media hype and the politicizing connected with this issue. We also addressed the veil wearing as a customs and dress-code issue. Therefore, and to better understand it, we gave the stage to those directly involved with this practice through individual interviews.This work was carried out in a multi-methodological perspective; whereby we made two types of analysis : The first is a discursive analysis, which allowed us to illustrate the journalistic procedures used in dealing with the issue of the veil amongst a sample of press outlets we choose (Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération and L'Express). The second is an objective analysis that led us to understand the feelings, the "coexistence" and the "will" of those individuals who have decided or who want "to wear the veil."
20
Borruey, René. "Architecture et territoires de l'espace portuaire : le cas de Marseille (XIXe-XXe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0039.
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Le sujet de ces travaux est l'espace portuaire, "l'espace" étant ici entendu au sens le plus concret du mot : l'espace matériel en trois dimensions. Dans le cas d'un ensemble portuaire édifié du XIX e siècle a nos jours, tel celui de Marseille que nous étudions ici, l'espace est nécessairement "construit". En soi, il constitue une "architecture". L’étude de sa genèse et de son évolution, autrement dit l'histoire de son "projet" au sens large, de ses "projets" additionnes plus précisément, des hommes qui les ont conçus, des institutions qui les ont portes et réalises, est le premier sujet. C'est d'abord la spatialité portuaire qui est autopsiée : le phénomène d'autonomisation de l'espace portuaire, soustrait a la mixité fonctionnelle de l'espace urbain, celui d'une logique du progrès tendue chaque époque vers la fluidité maximale du dispositif de transbordement et de circulation sont étudies a travers l'histoire des différents modelés d'organisation du quai moderne, du système usinier des docks à celui du conteneur en forme de terminal dans un réseau logistique planétaire. En même temps, des aspects importants de l'histoire des rapports entre ville et port a Marseille sont ici traites : notamment le rôle de frein joue par la société locale au moment crucial de la modernisation de l'outil portuaire, autour de 1850, et son acharnement a en reprendre les rennes par la suite, avec succès autour de 1880, au seuil de l’ère de prospérité du <<système marseillais>>. Dans un second temps, ces travaux appréhendent l'espace portuaire marseillais dans sa géographie contemporaine et s'interrogent sur ses nouveaux rapports a la ville et a l'urbanisation. C'est une réflexion sur le changement des échelles des territoires au XX e siècle qui est ici abordée. En dernier lieu, celle du "patrimoine" portuaire et de sa difficile reconnaissance l'est a son tour.
21
Castrucci, Colette. "Le quartier du port de Marseille à l'époque moderne et contemporaine : essai de reconstitution d'un paysage urbain disparu." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10019.
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Le quartier de Marseille situé autour de l’Hôtel de Ville, nommé Corps de Ville à partir du XVIe siècle, qui fut le quartier central de la ville jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle, a été presque entièrement détruit par les troupes allemandes en 1943. Cette recherche s’attache, par la mise en perspective des textes d’archives et des vestiges découverts par quatre campagnes de fouilles archéologiques entre 1992 et 2005, à reconstituer, pour les périodes comprises entre le XVIIe et le début du XIXe siècle, sa trame urbaine et les caractéristiques de son bâti en s’attachant à en retrouver les techniques et les matériaux utilisés. Au-delà de l’histoire des techniques, cette étude s’inscrit aussi dans l’histoire sociale par la recherche de l’évolution des manières d’habiter. Restés à l’écart des grands projets architecturaux de la dernière partie du XVIIe siècle (qui concernent l’agrandissement de la ville), l’organisation interne et le bâti des maisons du Corps de Ville ont été adaptés à un parcellaire de plus en plus rétréci. La maison passe entre la fin du XVIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle, du logement de type médiéval à « l’immeuble d’appartements » dans lequel chaque étage est autonome
22
Gbologah, Franklin Ekoue. "Development of a multimodal port freight transportation model for estimating container throughput." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34817.
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Computer based simulation models have often been used to study the multimodal freight transportation system. But these studies have not been able to dynamically couple the various modes into one model; therefore, they are limited in their ability to inform on dynamic system level interactions. This research thesis is motivated by the need to dynamically couple the multimodal freight transportation system to operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. It is part of a larger research program to develop a systems modeling framework applicable to freight transportation. This larger research program attempts to dynamically couple railroad, seaport, and highway freight transportation models. The focus of this thesis is the development of the coupled railroad and seaport models. A separate volume (Wall 2010) on the development of the highway model has been completed.
The model railroad and seaport was developed using Arena® simulation software and it comprises of the Ports of Savannah, GA, Charleston, NC, Jacksonville, FL, their adjacent CSX rail terminal, and connecting CSX railroads in the southeastern U.S. However, only the simulation outputs for the Port of Savannah are discussed in this paper. It should be mentioned that the modeled port layout is only conceptual; therefore, any inferences drawn from the model's outputs do not represent actual port performance.
The model was run for 26 continuous simulation days, generating 141 containership calls, 147 highway truck deliveries of containers, 900 trains, and a throughput of 28,738 containers at the Port of Savannah, GA. An analysis of each train's trajectory from origin to destination shows that trains spend between 24 - 67 percent of their travel time idle on the tracks waiting for permission to move. Train parking demand analysis on the adjacent shunting area at the multimodal terminal seems to indicate that there aren't enough containers coming from the port because the demand is due to only trains waiting to load. The simulation also shows that on average it takes containerships calling at the Port of Savannah about 3.2 days to find an available dock to berth and unload containers. The observed mean turnaround time for containerships was 4.5 days.
This experiment also shows that container residence time within the port and adjacent multimodal rail terminal varies widely. Residence times within the port range from about 0.2 hours to 9 hours with a mean of 1 hour. The average residence time inside the rail terminal is about 20 minutes but observations varied from as little as 2 minutes to a high of 2.5 hours. In addition, about 85 percent of container residence time in the port is spent idle.
This research thesis demonstrates that it is possible to dynamically couple the different sub-models of the multimodal freight transportation system. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed by future research. The principal challenge is the development of a more efficient train movement algorithm that can incorporate the actual Direct Traffic Control (DTC) and / or Automatic Block Signal (ABS) track segmentation. Such an algorithm would likely improve the capacity estimates of the railroad network. In addition, future research should seek to reduce the high computational cost imposed by a discrete process modeling methodology and the adoption of single container resolution level for terminal operations. A methodology combining both discrete and continuous process modeling as proposed in this study could lessen computational costs and lower computer system requirements at a cost of some of the feedback capabilities of the model This tradeoff must be carefully examined.
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Cerceau, Juliette. "L'écologie industrielle comme processus de construction territoriale : application aux espaces portuaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984644.
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La circulation des flux de matières et d'énergie reflète aussi bien le fonctionnement de la biosphère que celui des sociétés humaines. L'écologie industrielle, dans son approche territoriale, interpelle ces interactions socioécologiques au sein d'un espace géographique et participe ainsi à la définition et à la structuration de l'espace en territoire. Par une approche expérimentale déclinée sur les espaces portuaires, nous cherchons à rendre manifeste, pour la valider et mieux l'appréhender, cette dynamique de configuration du territoire en écologie industrielle. Le territoire constitue une matrice complexe, composée de représentations et de pratiques, manifestées dans le discours des acteurs. A partir de l'étude de 21 cas portuaires d'écologie industrielle à l'échelle internationale, 9 modèles territoriaux ont été proposés pour l'observer et la décrypter. Déclinés dans l'espace portuaire de Marseille-Fos, ces modèles permettent la production et l'interprétation des discours des acteurs de la démarche d'écologie industrielle en vue d'identifier les modalités de construction territoriale à l'œuvre et de construire une configuration du territoire à l'interface des représentations et pratiques des acteurs. Cette expérimentation met en évidence un phénomène d'imbrication territoriale de l'écologie industrielle et la participation de celle-ci à une dynamique territorialité-territorialisation structurante de la construction territoriale. Elle propose ainsi une définition socioécologique du territoire, distinguant des biotopes et des niches occupés par des acteurs, dont les interactions appellent à un renouvellement de la gouvernance portuaire de l'écologie industrielle.
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Arroyo-Contreras, Moises. "Approche probabiliste du comportement élasto-plastique de structures marines, sous sollicitations aléatoires de houles." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENPC8904.
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Doménichino, Jean. "Un Chantier, des ouvriers, une ville : Port-de-Bouc et la construction navale (1900-1966) : analyse du rayonnement d'une entreprise et son collectif ouvrier." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX10006.
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L'etude porte sur un chantier de constructions navales- les chantiers et ateliers de provence (c. A. P) qui ont developpe leur activite de 1900 a 1966 a port-de-bouc ville au contact de l'etang de berre et du golfe de fos. L'avancee de nos travaux nous a fait comprendre que l'originalite de notre sujet se situait dans le proces sus qui avait fait s'identifier, peu a peu, la ville a l'entreprise et a son col- lectif ouvrier dont les options ideologiques sont devenues progressivement ma- joritaires, voire hegemoniques dans la cite toute entiere. Aussi, dans une premi- ere partie, nous avons tente de cerner, de maniere transversale, le cadre dans le- quel le collectif ouvrier avait exerce son action. Cadre spatial- la ville et le chantier- cadre economique et productif, sans oublier la nature du produit- le ba teau-dont les specificites n'ont pas ete sans influence, tout comme la composition du personnel traitee a partir des cahiers d'embauche. Cependant, l'osmose decelee n'aurait pu s'etablir sans l'intervention des hommes, des travailleurs, de leurs organisations politiques et syndicales. Notre deuxieme partie est donc consacree a l'etude du mouvement syndical dans l'entreprise, aux conflits qui l'ont agitee, en fait a l'evolution generale des rapports sociaux, a leurs debordements dans la cite. Notre derniere partie a traite du processus de fermeture du site, des strategies alors deployees par les partenaires sociaux et s'est interrogee sur les modifications entrainees par la disparition de la construction navale dans la ville<br>This study deals with a shipyard-les chantiers et ateliers de provence (c. A. P) which developped its activities from 1900 to 1966 in port-de-bouc, a town in contact with the lake of berre and the bay of fos. Advancing in our study made it clear that the originality of our topic was the progressive identification of the town with the concernand its community of workpeople whose ideological choice gradually bcame those of a majority of people and even turned prevalent in the whole city. Thus, in the first part, we endeavoured to define and examine-as completely possible-the sitting the workpeople had acted in : the urban, working, economic and productive environment without forgetting the nature of the production itself : the ship, the specific functions of which had had undeniable influence upon the sur roundings just as the composition of the staff, found in employment registers, did. However the osmosis would not have been possible without the men's, the workers', their political and syndical organisations' intervening. So, in our second part, we study the syndical mouvements, the conflicts, the general evolution in the social relationship between the partners in the concern, together with their influence on the city. Our last part treats of the closing down of the working site, the strategies the different social partners built up during the closing down process and the changes due this closing down in the city
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Viragh, Brea. "The Effects of a New Bridge on Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) Use of the FPL Discharge Canal at Port Everglades, Florida." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/171.
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The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is an endangered species that migrates to warm water refuges such as natural springs or power plant effluents during the winter months to escape cold water. The Florida Power and Light (FPL) discharge canal in Port Everglades, Ft. Lauderdale, FL., is utilized as a refuge by overwintering manatees. Construction of a new bridge over the FPL effluent canal had a potential effect on manatee usage of the canal. Discharge is often 10-15° C warmer in the winter season than the surrounding waters of the Intracoastal Waterway. Previous data, including age class and cow/calf abundance from pre-bridge winters (2004-2009), were compared with data from winter 2010, during bridge construction and winter 2011, postbridge construction. No manatees were present at the survey sites during winter until surface water temperatures fell below 22° C. Although monthly mean surface water temperatures were not statistically different between 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2010-2011 (21.9±0.4° C, 21.8±1.8° C and 21.4±0.6° C respectively), manatee abundance did vary. 2008-2009 had higher monthly mean numbers of manatees per survey from December through March (29.7, 27.3, 48.1, 2 respectively) than 2009-2010 (0, 30, 10.7, 5 respectively) and 2010-2011 (18.7, 6.7, 0.1, 0 respectively). A Poisson distribution analysis showed a significant difference in adult manatee counts among the study years (α < 0.05). No significant differences were found for juveniles and calves. While I cannot decisively state that bridge construction reduced the number of overwintering adult manatees during 2010, there appears to be the potential for an effect.
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Doménichino, Jean. "Un Chantier, des ouvriers, une ville Port-de-Bouc et la construction navale, 1900-1966 : analyse du rayonnement d'une entreprise et de son collectif ouvrier /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376133097.
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Hamilton, Christopher. "Control strategy for maximizing power conversion efficiency and effectiveness of three port solar charging station for electric vehicles." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4548.
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Recent trends in the energy sector have provided opportunities in the research of alternative energy sources and optimization of systems that harness these energy sources. With the rising cost of fossil fuel and rising concern about detrimental effects that fossil fuel consumption has on the environment, electric vehicles are becoming more prevalent. A study put out in 2009 gives a prediction that in the year 2025, 20% of new vehicles will be PHEVs. As energy providers become more concerned about a growing population and diminishing energy source, they are looking into alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power. Much of this is done on a large scale with vast amounts of land used for solar or wind farms to provide energy to the grid. However, as population grows, requirements of the physical components of a power transmission system will become more demanding and the need for remote micro-grids will become more prevalent. Micro-grids are essentially smaller subsystems of a distribution system that provide power to a confined group of loads, or households. Using the idea of micro grid technology, a solar charging station can be used as a source to provide energy for the immediate surroundings, or also to electric vehicles that are demanding energy from the panels. Solar charging stations are becoming very popular, however the need for improvement and optimization of these systems is needed. This thesis will present a method for redesigning the overall architecture of the controls and power electronics of typical carports so that efficiency, reliability and modularity are achieved. Specifically, a typical carport, as seen commonly today, has been built on the University of Central Florida campus in Orlando. This carport was designed in such a way that shifting from conventional charging methods is made easy while preserving the fundamental requirements of a practical solar carport.<br>ID: 029050761; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.E.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98).<br>M.S.E.E.<br>Masters<br>Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science<br>Engineering and Computer Science
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Rejeb, Hejer. "Étude des problèmes d’ordonnancement sur des plates-formes hétérogènes en modèle multi-port." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14299/document.
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Les travaux menés dans cette thèse concernent les problèmes d'ordonnancement sur des plates-formes de calcul dynamiques et hétérogènes et s'appuient sur le modèle de communication "multi-port" pour les communications. Nous avons considéré le problème de l'ordonnancement des tâches indépendantes sur des plates-formes maîtres-esclaves, dans les contextes statique et dynamique. Nous nous sommes également intéressé au problème de la redistribution de fichiers répliqués dans le cadre de l'équilibrage de charge. Enfin, nous avons étudié l'importance des mécanismes de partage de bande passante pour obtenir une meilleure efficacité du système<br>The results presented in this document deal with scheduling problems on dynamic and heterogeneous computing platforms under the "multiport" model for the communications. We have considered the problem of scheduling independent tasks on master-slave platforms, in both offline and online contexts. We have also proposed algorithms for replicated files redistribution to achieve load balancing. Finally, we have studied the importance of bandwidth sharing mechanisms to achieve better efficiency
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Boyer, Grégory. "La marine berckoise de Louis XIV à 1945 : inscription maritime, vie des gens de mer, construction navale, pêches : ou Vie et mort d'un port de pêche." Littoral, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DUNK0055.
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Comme toutes les paroisses rurales du littoral, ce petit monde de pêcheurs était depuis Colbert soumis au système des classes puis à l'Inscription Maritime. Le recrutement des matelots, qui entre en application dans la province de Picardie vers 1690, impose de lourdes contraintes économiques et sociales à la population berckoise. Dans cette thèse, l'étude du matricule des gens de mer de Berck entre 1706 à 1914, seule trace conservée pour la façade maritime allant de Saint-Valéry-sur-Somme à Dunkerque au XVIIIè siècle, est mise en parallèle avec l'étude des registres paroissiaux puis de l'état civil. L'analyse d'une source maritime et d'une source traditionnelle permet d'abord de cerner les différents comportements démographiques de la population classée et non classée. Dès lors, de nombreuses similitudes apparaissent avec les autres paroisses maritimes rurales et urbaines soumises à ce système sur la façade orientale de la Manche et de la mer du Nord. Cependant, on constate certaines différences liées aux conséquences du système de l'Inscription Maritime et propres à cette localité : le rythme du mariage, l'aspect de la fécondité ou encore l'analyse des facteurs de mortalité soulignent un comportement démographique particulier à Berck et peut-être aux plages du Nord de la France. L'activité halieutique de Berck, au début du XVIIIeme siècle, reposait principalement sur la pêche à la dreige jusqu'à son interdiction puis sur la pêche aux cordes. Ce n'est qu'après les guerres de la Révolution et de l'Empire que l'activité de cette plage d'échouage se développa avec les premiers armements harenguiers vers 1820. A partir de 1848, l'ouverture de la ligne de chemin de fer Paris-Boulogne entraîna l'essor de cette marine. Le long héritage des constructeurs-armateurs de bateaux berckois permit même à cette localité de devenir le second port harenguier français après Boulogne-sur-Mer en 1868. Cependant, vers 1890 s'engagea le lent déclin de la rentabilité et des armements. L'activité maritime peut-être trop passéiste, l'imposition des règlements maritimes et la concurrence des ports en eaux profondes comme Etaples et Boulogne-sur-Mer après 1919, entraînèrent la disparition de ce port d'échouage du paysage maritime français après 1950<br>Since Colbert, this fishermen world was subjected to the navy recrutement then to the registration of sailors, like all the parishes of the coast. This procedure of registration of sailors started to be applied in the province of Picardie around 1690 and imposed heavy social and economical contraints on the sailors population of Berck. In this doctoral thesis, the analysis of Berck sailors regimental numbers from 1706 to 1914 - which is the only remaining trace concerning the seashore from Saint-Valery-sur-Somme to Dunkirk in the 18th century - is compared to the study of the parish registers and to the study of the registry office. This analysis of a tradtionnal source and of a shipping maritime one shows the different demographic behaviour between the registered population and the unregistered one. From then on, there are many similarities with the other rural and urban seaboard parishes also subjected to this system on the western seashore of the Channel and of the North Sea. Nevertheless, some differences proper to this parish and linked to the consequences of the registration of sailors appear. The rythm of mariages, the aspect of fecondity or this analysis of the factors of death rate. Underline and demographic behaviour proper to Berck and perhaps proper to the beaches of the north of France. At the beginning of the 18th century, the fishery activity of Berck was mainly based upon "à la dreige" fishing until it was forbidden, then upon "à la corde" fishing. It's only after the wars of the Revolution and of the Empire that the activity of the grounding beach developped with the first equippings of herring-fishing ships around 1820. Since 1848, the creation of sail network between Paris and Boulogne-sur-Mer led to the expension of the navy. The old inheritance if the shipowners-constructors of Berck ships allowed this parish to become the second herring fishing port in 1868 after Boulogne-sur-Mer. However, the slow decrease of the profitability and of the equipping, began around 1890. The maritime activity perhaps too much backward-looking the imposition of the maritimes rules and the competition of ports in deep water such as Etaples or Boulogne-sur-Mer after 1919 led to the loss of this grounding port from the french seaside universe after 1950
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Pinon, Matthieu. "Une lecture architecturale d’archives du bâtiment : l’exemple de chantiers havrais du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1192.
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L'objectif principal de ce travail est de contribuer à une définition d'une lecture architecturale des archives du bâtiment. Nous nous proposons d'étudier un fonds archivistique relatif à des constructions rurales du XVIe s. et de chercher à comprendre comment la création du nouveau port du Havre a impacté sur le long terme le monde de la construction dans la région. Notre intention est d'être au plus près du monde de la construction courante pour la période analysée, ce qui nous permettra de poser le problème de la nature réelle d'une supposée frontière entre chantier « savant » et chantier « vernaculaire » qui s'avère parfois difficile à déterminer. Si la quasi intégralité des bâtiments étudiés ont disparu aujourd'hui, l'abondance des documents d'archives permet de les étudier suivant deux aspects : l'un repose sur une lecture économique des documents anciens permettant de retracer le fonctionnement des chantiers courants, la provenance des matériaux, les prix pratiqués et plus généralement le fonctionnement de l'artisanat local. Cette étude révèle les évolutions conduisant à l'apparition de maitres d'œuvres sur ces petites opérations par le biais des travaux d'entretien sur les fontaines et ouvrages hydrauliques puis l'expertise de maisons de ville et enfin sur les travaux lourds de réhabilitation de bâtiments menaçant ruine. L'autre prend en compte une lecture technique et constructive des documents du fonds d'archives. Par l'analyse du positionnement de chaque ouvrage décrit il devient alors possible de restituer l'organisation générale du bâtiment complet et ses mutations progressives au cours des siècles. Deux sites seront plus particulièrement détaillés mais compte tenu de leurs différences de fonction et d'échelle, ils démontrent que la méthode d'analyse constructive est généralisable à l'ensemble des bâtiments du territoire étudié voire même au-delà<br>The main aim of this study consists of trying to define how to read architecturally the building archives. We can study the archives concerning the rural buildings in the XVI century and try to understand how the creation of the Havre new harbour impacted in the long term, the process of all the buildings around .In studying this period we intend to stay nearest to the common buildings so we can ask if a border between the vernacular architecture and the learned one exists really. In fact this border is very difficult to establish. Most of these old constructions have disappeared nowadays but referring to so many archives collection we can study them in following two points of view. The first one will be the economical aspect. In using the antique documents we find out how the common builders yards functioned, where materials came from and at what prices. In fact we discover the local workshops and how that led to the emergence of supervisors in the maintenance of fountains and hydraulic constructions, then for expertise of the town houses and important renovations of the oldest constructions facing ruin. The second one will be the technical understanding of the archives collection .The position of each building is described, so it's possible to discover the complete organisation of the construction process and its long term developments .Two sites will be precisely analysed but the difference of function and size show that this method of constructive analyse can be applied to all local constructions and farther afield
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Malmary, Jean-Jacques. "Les édifices commerciaux du front de mer à Délos à l'époque hellénistique : étude architecturale du Magasin des colonnes et du Magasin δ (delta) "à la baignoire"". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2007.
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Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude architecturale des vestiges de deux édifices du front de mer occidental à Délos, le Magasin des colonnes et le Magasin δ, dit « à la baignoire », qui ont tous deux été découverts au cours des fouilles menées par A. Jardé et H. Convert en 1903 et 1904. Ils sont situés dans une bande de constructions longeant le rivage, entre l’Agora des Compétaliastes au nord et le sanctuaire des Dioscures au sud. Proches du rivage et pourvus de nombreuses pièces de grandes dimensions, ils ont été identifiés par les premiers chercheurs, A. Jardé puis J. Pâris, à des magasins en lien avec l’essor du grand commerce maritime à Délos au cours de la seconde domination athénienne.La présente étude a consisté à poursuivre le travail d’A. Jardé de sorte à mieux restituer la configuration de ces monuments, à mieux définir leurs spécificités architecturales et à mieux en cerner leurs usages. Elle a d’abord consisté à observer les vestiges des deux bâtiments sans préjuger de leur destination. Elle a ainsi débuté par une analyse approfondie des matériaux ayant servi à leur construction et de leurs composantes architecturales : les murs, les baies, les revêtements muraux, les colonnades, les cloisons, les planchers, les escaliers, les sols et les couvertures. Cette première partie de la thèse, qui a permis d’explorer plusieurs pistes relatives aux techniques de construction, a essentiellement eu pour finalité d’élaborer des outils d’analyse destinés à servir l’étude générale de l’architecture des deux magasins, celle de leur composition et celle de leur situation dans le tissu urbain de Délos, qui ont toutes trois été réunies dans la deuxième partie. Dans la troisième partie, l’étude du fonctionnement et de la destination des deux édifices a nécessité une extension du champ d’investigation, en incluant des bâtiments dont les éléments du mobilier et la situation urbaine sont analogues à ceux du Magasin des colonnes et du Magasin δ : les Magasins α, β et γ. Les cinq édifices ont d’abord pu être réunis grâce à la découverte dans chacun d’eux d’un grand sèkôma à mesure unique. La présence de cet instrument de mesure a permis de mieux justifier le rôle que ces édifices ont joué dans le grand commerce à Délos au tournant des IIe et Ier s. av. J.-C. et de supposer qu’ils ont tous eu la même destination. Une fois associés, ils ont fait l’objet d’une comparaison morphologique. À quelques variations près, ils sont constitués de types d’espaces similaires organisés de la même manière : une entrée principale, ouverte sur le rivage et alignée sur l’axe d’une cour centrale, un rang de pièces de façade longeant le rivage, dans lequel s’insèrent des cages d’escalier reliant la voie du front de mer avec l’étage, et un ensemble de pièces dans le cœur d’îlot distribuées autour de la cour et équipées de fenêtres. De fait, ces bâtiments ont pu être différenciés des autres types de bâtiment présents à Délos, les maisons déliennes notamment. Une relation a ainsi pu être établie entre la destination probable des cinq édifices – stockage de marchandises et commerce au rez-de-chaussée et hébergement à l’étage – et leur forme architecturale. Cette relation a permis de définir un type particulier d’édifice ayant abrité des activités liées au stockage des marchandises, à leur inventaire, à leur mesure – poids et/ou volume – et à leur commerce ainsi que des pratiques d’ordre domestique telles l’hébergement des marchands itinérants. Dans son acception moderne, le terme « magasin » proposé par A. Jardé s’avère encore être le plus approprié pour désigner de tels édifices mêlant les fonctions d’entrepôt à celles des lieux de commerce. Ce type d’édifice, dont plusieurs indices révèlent le statut locatif, semble en outre être étroitement lié à la profession d’entrepositaire mentionnée dans les inscriptions de Délos<br>The aim of this doctoral dissertation consists in the architectural study of the remains of two buildings on the western coast in Delos, the Magasin des colonnes and the Magasin δ, also known as Magasin à la baignoire, both of which were discovered during excavations carried out by A. Jardé and H. Convert in 1903 and 1904. They are located in a strip of buildings along the shore, between the Agora des Compétaliastes in the north and the sanctuary of Les Dioscures in the south. Close to the seashore and provided with numerous large rooms, they were identified by the first researchers, A. Jardé then J. Pâris, to commercial buildings in connection with the rise of the great sea trade in Delos during the second Athenian domination.The present study consisted in continuing the work of A. Jardé in order to better restore the configuration of these monuments, to better point out their architectural specificities and to better define their uses. First, it consisted in observing the remains of the two buildings without prejudging their function. It began with an in-depth analysis of the materials used in their construction and their architectural components: walls, bays, wall coverings, colonnades, partitions, grounds, stairs, floors and roofing. This first part of the work, which made it possible to explore several tracks relating to construction techniques, was essentially aimed at developing analytical tools intended to support the general study of the architecture of the two buildings, that of their composition and that of their situation in the urban fabric of Delos, all three which are developed together in the second part. In the third part, the study of the functioning and the uses of the two buildings required an extension of the field of investigation, by including buildings whose archaeological material and urban situation are similar to those of the Magasin des colonnes and the Magasin δ : the Magasins α, β and γ. The five buildings were first brought together owing to the discovery in each of them of a large sèkôma with a unique tank. The presence of this measuring instrument made it possible to better justify the role that these buildings played in the great trade in Delos at the turn of the 2nd and 1st centuries BC and to suppose that they all had the same destination. Once associated, they were morphologically compared. With a few variations, they are made up of similar types of spaces organized in the same way: a main entrance, opened on the seashore and aligned on the axis of a central courtyard, a row of façade rooms along the shore, in which are inserted staircases connecting the waterfront path with the floor, and a set of rooms in the heart of a block distributed around the courtyard and equipped with windows. In fact, these buildings could be differentiated from the other types of buildings present in Delos, in particular the houses. A relationship was thus established between the probable functions of the five buildings - storage of goods and trade on the ground floor and accommodation on the first floor - and their architectural form. This relationship has made it possible to define a particular type of building dedicated to house activities related to the storage of goods, their inventory, their measurement - weight and/or volume - and their trade, as well as domestic practices such as the accommodation of itinerant merchants. In its modern sense, the term "magasin" proposed by A. Jardé still proves to be the most appropriate to designate such buildings mixing the functions of a warehouse with those of commercial premises. This type of building, of which several indices reveal the rental status, also seems to be closely linked to the profession of entrepositaire – warehouse keeper – mentioned in the inscriptions of Delos
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Lenz, Jn-François. "Comment devenir "je"dans un monde qui vous met hors-jeu ? : Le défi de la construction d'un individu - sujet chez les jeunes du Bel-Air (Port au Prince, Haïti) de 1986 à 2006." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070108.
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De 1986 à 2006, Haïti a littéralement implosé dans une longue et terrible crise. On a assis un réel drame humain qui révèle les souffrances et la difficulté d'être d'une communauté de près dix millions d'êtres humains. Cette situation de désintégration sociale est enracinée dans un ça historico-structurel, caractérisé fondamentalement par le mépris de la grande majorité des citoyens qui se sont vus déniés toute reconnaissance sociale. Dans cette étude nous nous sommes attelés à comprendre comment des individus humains ont pu vivre (ou survivre), évoluer et essayer de structurer en tant que sujets dans une situation extrême de misère, de violence, de chaos d'autoritarisme. A partir d'une démarche clinique, nous avons travaillé sur le vécu des jeunes di milieux populaires urbains (notamment le Bel-Air), leurs expériences et leurs différentes stratégie ' identitaires pour se construire en tant que sujets. Les individus notamment les plus démunis construisent leur identité dans une lutte continue pou: soi et en définitive contre l'autre. Une lutte alimentée par ce souci de reconnaissance historiquement ancré chez les Haïtiens, qui aboutit au final à une forme d'individualisme négatif, l'individualisme de survie. A travers nos analyses de trois espaces de socialisation déterminants dans les milieux populaires urbains : la Famille, le Quartier et l'Ecole, nous avons mesuré combien l'expérience de l'abandon est transversale et comment l'abandon s'est installé comme l'élément fondamentalement structurant de l'identité de ces jeunes dans une « société de débrouille » où le principe cardinal de survie se réduit au « sauve-qui-peut ». « L'individualisme de survie » devient alors le principal ressort du travail de subjectivation. Il est tantôt présenté comme une forme particulière de présence, de rapport à l'autre en vue de s'assurer une existence sociale considérée. Il est tantôt l'expression des contraintes sociales qui acculent l'individu à la solitude ou l'isolement et à la désolation<br>From 1986 to 2006, Haïti literally imploded in a long and terrible crisis. The country bas witnessed a real human drama that reveals the pain and the difficulty of survival in a community of about ten million people. This situation of social disintegration is rooted in a structural and historical context, fundamentally characterized by the denial of social recognition for the vast majority of citizens. In this study we set out to understand how human individuals were able to live (or survive), evolve and try to structure themselves as subjects in an extreme situation of poverty, violence, chaos and authoritarianism. Using a clinical approach, we studied the social environment of youth in the slums (particularly the neighborhood of Bel-Air), their lived experiences, and the strategies they used to build identities as subjects. Individuals, particularly the poor, build their identity in a continual struggle for self and ultimately against the other. This struggle is heightened by the desire for recognition that is historically rooted in Haitians and which finally results in a form of negative individualism, the individualism of survival. Through our analysis of three determining areas of socialization in the slums - family, neighborhood and school - we measured how the experience of abandonment affects every stage of a youth's life. It represent the fundamental element structuring the identity of these young people in a society of getting by" as the cardinal principle of survival is reduced to "every man for himself". The individualism of survival becomes the mainspring of the work of subjectivation. It is sometimes presented as a particular form of presence, of relation to the other in order to ensure a social existence that is recognized. It is sometimes the expression of social constraints that drive the individual to isolation or loneliness and desolation
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Paulhiac, Florence. "Le rôle des références patrimoniales dans la construction des politiques urbaines à Bordeaux et Montréal." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265082.
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Cette thèse propose une généalogie des référentiels patrimoniaux animant les politiques de renouvellement urbain depuis 50 ans à Bordeaux et Montréal. L'analyse comparée internationale et la perspective historique démontrent le rôle variable du patrimoine urbain dans les stratégies et la composition des projets de renouvellement urbain (de requalification des qartiers anciens, de reconversions industrialo-portuaires, ou à l'occasion de projet de modernisation du territoire) ainsi que le rôle du débat public dans la constitution de ces référentiels patrimoniaux. <br />Une innovation est notamment repérée à travers le cas de la reconversion du Vieux Port de Montréal , celle de la constitution d'une trame patrimoniale, produite à l'occasion d'une planification négociée et participative.
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Cárdenas, Zevallos Jorge Eduardo, Escobar Karla Sofía Pacheco, Mendoza Gissella María Quintanilla, Holguín Vanessa Mercedes Sáenz, and Sánchez Pedro Andrés Tello. "Dirección del proyecto portuario “Construcción y mejoramiento del astillero naval del Callao”." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626321.
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El trabajo de investigación desarrollado a continuación tiene como finalidad evidenciar que la implementación de los estándares y buenas prácticas recomendadas en la guía del PMBOK® 6ª edición, aplicando el enfoque del PMI, resulta útil para la implementación de obras marinas, como en el caso del Astillero Naval del Callao, generando un precedente en la bibliografía a consultar para el desarrollo de futuras obras de este tipo. A partir de la 6ª edición, el director de proyecto asume nuevos roles, y se convierte en el nexo entre la organización y el proyecto, para maximizar el aprovechamiento del beneficio que el proyecto genere para la organización. Este trabajo pretende ilustrar como en el caso de la dirección de proyectos de obras marinas se aplica este nuevo enfoque, identificando los beneficios que la organización desea obtener del proyecto y describiendo las características que el director de proyecto debe tener en cuenta para cumplir este nuevo rol.
En este trabajo se evidencia, entre otras cosas, la importancia de convocar y seleccionar proveedores especializados en obras acuáticas, así como contar con una supervisión especializada.
Este proyecto que se suma a la infraestructura portuaria del país, y su ejecución se convierte en referente para nuevos proyectos como el caso del Puerto San Martín o el Terminal Portuario Salaverry, los cuales se desarrollarán en los próximos años y requerirán no solamente de personal calificado, sino además de toda la información registrada de obras anteriores que puedan servir de base de lecciones aprendidas a futuro para una ejecución eficiente.<br>The research work developed below has as purpose prove that the implementation of the standards and good practices recommended in the PMBOK® Guide 6th edition, applying the PMI approach, is useful for implementation of navy projects, as in the case of the Callao Shipyard Naval, generating a precedent in the bibliography to consult for the development of future projects of this type. Since the 6th edition, the project manager assumes new roles and becomes the nexus between the organization and the project, to maximize the use of the benefit that the project generates for the organization. This work aims to illustrate how this new approach is applied in the case of project management in navy projects, identifying the benefits than organization wishes to obtain from the project and describing the characteristics that the project manager must take into account in order to fulfill this new role.
This paper demonstrates, among other things, the importance of calling and selecting specialized suppliers in waterworks, as well as having specialized supervision.
This project that is added to the port infrastructure of the country, and its execution becomes a reference for new projects such as the case of Puerto San Martín or the Salaverry Port Terminal, which will be developed in the coming years and will require not only qualified personnel, but also all the registered information of previous works that can serve as a base of lessons learned in the future for an efficient execution.<br>Trabajo de Investigación
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Fanti, Fábio Dollinger. "Concepção, métodos construtivos e dimensionamento de terminais para contêineres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-14012008-101326/.
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O presente trabalho pretende mostrar, as principais etapas de projeto de uma obra portuária, mais especificamente, um terminal de contêineres (cais e retroárea). Para tanto, foi feita uma pesquisa dos tipos estruturais existentes para entender melhor a evolução das estruturas ao longo do tempo e quais tipos adequam-se melhor em cada situação. Para cada função a que o porto se destina, existe um conjunto de ações e combinações muito particulares a considerar. Assim, um terminal de contêineres é muito diferente de um terminal petroleiro. Portanto, procurou-se mostrar os tipos de carregamentos mais importantes num terminal de contêineres, que é objeto deste trabalho, levando-se em conta critérios das Normas NBR-9782 e NBR-8681. Outro fator de grande peso nos projetos portuários e que não poderia ficar de fora, está ligado às fundações, principalmente aos problemas geotécnicos envolvidos. Para tanto, procurou-se dar uma visão geral dos principais problemas até hoje encontrados e comentar algumas soluções em cada caso. Por fim, foi proposto um método de modelagem simplificado para um tipo estrutural muito utilizado hoje em dia (sistema de lajes e vigas premoldadas solidarizadas apoiadas sobre estacas) através de um conjunto de modelos planos e um modelo espacial de checagem.<br>The present paper intends to show the main stages of port design, particularly, a container terminal (quay and back area). Therefore, it was done a research about the current structures types so it can be better to understand the development process of these structures during the years and which types are more appropriate to each condition. For each function of the port there are particulars actions and combinations to consider. However, a container terminal is very different from a petroleum one. Therefore, it intended to show the most important types from a container terminal, which is the aim of this research, considering the NBR-9782 and NBR-8681 rules recommendations. Another important fact, which has to be mentioned, is about the foundations, especially those related to geotechnical issues involved. Therefore, it was intended to present a general view of the main problems found so far and discuss some solutions for each case. Finally, it was suggested a method to model a kind of structure very used nowadays (a marble slab system and premolded beams settled over piles) through a group of model plans a checking space model.
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Saikali, Stéphan. "Construction d'un atlas stéréotaxique de cerveau de porc." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1B136.
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L'observation de lacunes dans l'unique atlas stéréotaxique de cerveau de porc disponible dans la littérature nous a amené à construire un atlas stéréotaxique digital tridimensionnel (3D) de cerveau de porc afin qu'il réponde au mieux aux exigences de l'imagerie et de la chirurgie fonctionnelles. Nous avons, dans un premier temps, adapté à notre thématique de recherche puis déterminé les meilleurs paramètres d'acquisition possible sur une IRM 4,7T afin d'obtenir des images de haute résolution. Nous avons également adapté les techniques histologiques standards aux contraintes de taille et de tissu afin de sauvegarder au maximum la stéréotaxie du cerveau de porc. Dans un second temps nous avons construit un atlas anatomique de cerveau de porc à partir des données histologiques et d'imagerie d'un seul hémisphère en leur appliquant une symétrie au plan sagittal médian passant par la ligne CA-CP. Un atlas probabiliste a également été construit à partir de trois cerveaux de porcs en utilisant l'atlas précédent comme référentiel stéréotaxique. Nos résultats ont abouti à un atlas anatomique digital et 3D comportant les données spatiales de 178 structures corticales, sous-corticales et cérébelleuses dont 28 aires corticales nettement identifiées par hémisphère. L'atlas probabiliste comporte des données spatiales probabilistes de 62 structures sous-corticales. Le caractère digital et 3D de notre atlas a déjà permis de le confronter à des images multimodales de cerveau de porc. Les rares données neuroanatomiques disponibles dans la littérature soulignent la nécessité de valider nos résultats, dans le futur, à la lumière des prochaines études corticales et sous-corticales menées chez le porc. L'analyse anatomique du cerveau de porc démontre certaines analogies avec le cerveau humain et souligne l'intérêt de ce modèle animal dans les études fondamentales de neuroimagerie et de neurochirurgie<br>The presence of several lacks in the sole stereotaxic pig brain atlas available in the litterature led us to build a three dimensional (3D) digital and stereotaxic atlas from pig brain so that it fulfills the needs of functional neuroimaging and functional neurosurgery. In a first step we had to adapt to our theme the best acquisition parameters possible on a 4. 7 MRI to obtain high resolution images. We also adjusted the standard histological techniques to the constraints of size and tissue to respect pig brain stereotaxic coordinates integrity. In a second step we built an anatomical atlas of pig brain from MR and histological images of one hemisphere by applying a symmetrical transformation through the midsagittal plane. A probabilistic atlas has also been built from three pig brains using the former atlas as the spatial stereotaxic frame. Our results have led to an anatomical 3D and digital atlas containing data for 178 cortical, subcortical and cerebellar structures, including 28 clearly identified cortical areas per hemisphere. The probabilistic atlas contains spatial probabilistic coordinates of 62 deep brain structures. Our digital and 3D atlas has been successfully compared to pig brain multimodal images. The few neuroanatomical data available in the litterature emphasize the need to validate our results by future cortical and subcortical studies. The anatomical analysis of pig brain shows similarities with human brain and underlines the importance of this animal model in fundamental neuroimaging and neurosurgery studies
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Mailleur, Stephanie. "Imagining roman ports : the contribution of iconography to the reconstruction of roman mediterranean portscapes of the impérial period." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2049.
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Au cours des trois premiers siècles de notre ère, Rome connaît son apogée et la domination romaine continue de s'établir tout autour de la Méditerranée. Le contrôle de la Mare Nostrum et la connexion entre Rome et ses provinces sont assurés grâce aux réseaux de ports. À l’époque impériale, les ports jouent ainsi un rôle crucial puisqu’ils permettent de maintenir un rayonnement économique et commercial tout autour de l’Empire. Plus qu’une simple interface entre la mer et laterre, les ports font l’objet d’une attention particulière et forment un réel paysage urbain, constitué de bâtiments et de monuments organisés autour de l’espace portuaire de façon scénographique et programmée, que l’on peut qualifier de « portscape » (paysage portuaire). Cette notion théorique, que j’ai développée dans cette thèse, est dérivée du concept de «townscape » (paysage de la ville) introduit par P. Zanker dans sa publication sur l’urbanisme de Pompéi publiée en 19981. Elle consiste à analyser l’organisation spatiale des bâtiments et monuments, individuellement et dans l’ensemble de l’espace portuaire, ainsi que leurs fonctions respectives. Cette approche a également pour objectif d’étudier la relation entre la fabrication de cet espace urbain et la société. Cette réflexion holistique est combinée au concept de « maritimecultural landscape » (paysage culturel maritime), introduit par C. Westerdhal en 19922, qui permet d’aborder les aspects culturels de cet espace construit constituant le cadre de vie des sociétés portuaires et de leurs activités.Le développement disciplinaire de l’archéologie sous-marine et l’intérêt croissant pour les réseaux et le commerce maritime ont mené à la multiplication des études portant sur les infrastructures portuaires au cours des dernières décennies. Malgré cela, la réalité des infrastructures portuaires reste assez mal comprise car les vestiges ne sont généralement pas très bien conservés. Il est donc fondamental d’utiliser d’autres types de sources, comme l’iconographie,pour mieux appréhender les « portscapes » romains. Sous l’Empire, les ports apparaissent fréquemment dans les représentations artistiques. Au cours de cette recherche, j’ai rassemblé un corpus de 264 images portuaires sur des supports variés : lampes, monnaies, peintures, mosaïques, sculptures, verres incisés, pierres gravées etc. Sur ces documents figurent des vues générales de paysages maritimes, des éléments architecturaux isolés de ports (tels que des phares) et des activités portuaires suggérant les infrastructures portuaires (comme des scènes de pesée ou bien des scènes de chargement/déchargement de marchandises). Bien que l’essentiel du corpus date de l’époque impériale, l’intégration de documents appartenant aux périodes préromaines et à l’Antiquité tardive permet d’établir des comparaisons diachroniques.Cette recherche constitue la première tentative d’évaluation, à grande échelle, du potentiel documentaire des sources iconographiques pour comprendre l'aspect, la disposition et le design des ports romains. Considérer les images comme sources historiques est un concept assez récent puisque l'art, longtemps considéré comme étant simplement illustratif, n’occupait qu’une place marginale dans les études d’histoire ancienne. Les images peuvent apporter, en effet, unecontribution importante pour l'étude de l'aspect architectural et urbain des principaux ports de Méditerranée car elles montrent ce qui n'existe plus archéologiquement, telles que les élévations de bâtiments portuaires, souvent réduits aujourd’hui à leurs seuls niveaux de fondations. Ainsi, cette thèse de doctorat soulève les questions de recherche suivantes : - Quelle contribution l'iconographie peut-elle apporter à notre compréhension des paysagesportuaires de l’époque impériale ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques du portscape romain selon les sources iconographiques ? Quels sont les éléments réels et quels sont les éléments standardisés ? D’où viennent cesstandards ?<br>Under the Roman Empire, harbours played an important role for the image of the city. They were more than utilitarian constructions. The buildings and monuments were organised within the space of the port in a programmatic way that made up a genuine urban landscape that I have described as a “portscape”. This term, derived from Zanker’s townscape concept, is understood as the urban aspect, layout and design of Roman ports but also as the lived environment with its societies reflected by its cultural characteristics. Despite recent excavations conducted at Roman ports, our knowledge of portscapes under the Roman Empire is very unclear and the reality of port monuments remains poorly understood. Most known ancient Mediterranean ports are not well preserved, and often only preserved archaeologically at the level of their foundations. Whilearchaeologists are able to reconstruct a plan, understanding ports three dimensionally is at best a challenge. What did Roman ports really look like?Due to the lack of ancient sources relating to Roman ports, using iconography could be useful. This research aims to demonstrate that port depictions, quite abundant during the Imperial period and decorating various type of artistic media (coins, ceramics, mosaics, paintings, gemstones etc.), can make an important contribution for learning more about ports as they are the only source of information that allows us to understand volumetrically, the architecture of portsthat no longer survives archaeologically.Through this work, I will see how the pictorial genre of maritime landscape emerged during the Augustan period as well as the process of its diffusion, reception and standardisation in art during the Imperial period. I will also address the issue of the contexts in which port-themed decoration has been found. I will focus on the main characteristics of portscapes by means of a linguistic approach that distinguishes the different messages conveyed by images according to their contexts (domestic, funeral, politics, etc.).By means of three specific case studies, I will demonstrate how it is possible to deal with the iconographic and epigraphic evidence in order to better understand the components of Roman portscapes. Case-study 1 focuses on the weighing control systems (sacomaria). Case-study 2 studies the single monuments that decorated the portscape, such as freestanding column monuments and honorific arches. Case-study 3 aims to better understand cult spaces in portcontexts by using the example of the sanctuaries of Isis.Finally, I will focus on the urban syntax of the portscape through the case-study of the port of Leptis Magna. Enquiry will ascertain the extent to which the urban programme of its portscape corresponded to a standard design in reality and in iconography
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Moeng, Siphokazi Florence. "A comprehensive university: constructing an organisational identity." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1029.
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The restructuring of higher education through incorporations and mergers has attracted a lot of attention over the past few years in South Africa. These incorporations and mergers have displaced institutions of higher education and positioned them in new organisational homes, thus subjecting faculties, schools and departments to a process of relocation, new knowledge acquisition, identity change and meaning-making processes. The merger has resulted in three types of universities; i.e. traditional universities, comprehensive universities and universities of technology. The introduction of the comprehensive university as a new institutional type has brought with it questions about the idea of the university and the purpose of higher education in general. Mergers in particular have initiated conversations about sense-making and meaning during change. Amidst all this, people within the merging institution have been confronted with a new organisation with which they have to identify. At universities in particular, questions about academic identity and organisational identity have become unavoidable. The boundaries that gave definition to a university have been (re)moved. The structure of the university, as it was known, has changed. Hence, in the newly merged NMMU, academics are in the process of internalising and giving meaning to the new organisational values and norms of a comprehensive university. Needless to say, the challenges facing the newly merged NMMU are cultural, structural and geographic. Bringing together different institutional and personal cultures involves a human dimension that needs to be nurtured by trying to form a coherent and cohesive organisation that is created from culturally diverse and uncomplementary institutions. Another challenge is bringing together different organisational structures, systems and programmes that are informed by different institutional cultures. Furthermore, the challenge of having multiple campuses that are geographically separated exacerbates the situation. Along with all these challenges, the NMMU has the task of constructing an integrated institutional identity through organisational forms and programme models that will embody the multiple functions that are typical of a comprehensive university. The aim of the current study was to explore how the meanings that academics assign to the notion of a comprehensive university are instrumental in constructing an organisational identity; describing in detail how at the NMMU academics make meaning of the comprehensive university and how that meaning-making process influences the construction of an organisational identity; and formulating recommendations based on the qualitative findings and quantitative results of the research. In an effort to achieve the aim alluded to above, this study employed the mixed methods approach that used a sequential, exploratory, transformative design. The complexity of the study was such that it required to be investigated through qualitative and quantitative analytical methods in order to confirm, triangulate and obtain a holistic picture of the situation under investigation. The sample for the qualitative interviews consisted of thirteen purposefully selected academics from all levels at the NMMU. The interviews were transcribed and coded into themes, categories and sub-categories. These themes were then developed and translated into statements for the questionnaire that was administered randomly to all NMMU academics. A total of 108 academics responded to the questionnaire. The responses to the questionnaire were analysed using the SPSS programme. The findings and results of the study revealed that there was a fairly common understanding of the term comprehensive university among academics. However, the details about its procedures appeared to be the privileged ownership of management. This situation mitigated the necessity for a sense-making process that would allow for negotiation, modification and alteration of already held assumptions. A pertinent concern amongst academics was the neglect of the ‘human factor’ during the change process. The management style also came under scrutiny, especially in terms of the facilitation and mediation of change. There was a consensus on the call for cohesion and unity that was believed to be one of the main features that would make the construction of the NMMU organisational identity possible. The vision, mission and values of the NMMU were believed to be central to the creation of cohesion and unity, which would subsequently result in the birth of an organisational culture that could inform the organisational identity of the NMMU. Strategies to actualise and realise the organisational identity were proposed by participants. Notwithstanding, the impact of the merger was identified as having a major influence in shaping the organisational identity of the NMMU.
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Aldiab, Ali. "Contribution à la définition d'une approche concertée et multicritère du choix d'un ensemble fondation-système porte de bâtiment." Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0202.
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Le but de notre travail est de proposer une approche concertée et multicritère du choix d'un ensemble système porté-fondation de bâtiment. L'outil créé peut aider le maître d'ouvrage à élaborer son programme et le maître d'œuvre à définir l'ensemble fondation-système porté le plus adapté. Pour sa mise en œuvre, nous développons les phases suivantes : L'analyse du problème : l'analyse du contexte de la thèse et du manque d'outils d'aide à la décision permet de constater la nécessité d'une approche rationnelle et progressive, constituée de deux niveaux : l'élimination des solutions non admissibles ne satisfaisant pas les limites techniques, économiques, de l'espace et du temps, l'analyse multicritère pour designer la meilleure solution selon les critères particuliers du projet. La collection, l'analyse et la formalisation des informations : elles permettent de :décrire les différents aspects du projet et définir les données nécessaires au fonctionnement des mécanismes de choix, définir les limites de faisabilité et les critères de choix, définir les réponses des solutions à ces limites et à ces critères. Le test et la validation de l'approche : ils permettent de montrer, sur un exemple, les apports de cette approche en terme de qualité et du coût<br>The goal of our work is to propose a concerted and multicriterion approach to choose both carried system and foundations system of building. The created tool can help the client to work out his program and the architect to define the more adapted orientations of both carried system and foundations system. For its creation, we develop the following phases: problem analysis: the analysis of both thesis context and lack of decision-making tools underlines the need for a rational and progressive approach, composed of two levels: the elimination of solutions not satisfying the limits: technical, economic, time, etc. The multicriterion analysis for defining the best solution according to the particular project criteria. Information collection and analysis which allow: to describe the various project aspects and to define the data necessary to operation of choice mechanisms, to define the feasibility limits and the selection criteria, to define the solutions answers to these limits and these criteria. Approach test and validation: they make it possible to illustrate, on an example, the approach contributions in quality and cost terms
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Vidot, Émeline. "La construction d'une identité réunionnaise de 1959 à nos jours : représentations culturelles et constructions discursives." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0009/document.
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Ce travail de recherche interroge les revendications identitaires (territoriales et politiques, individuelles et collectives) dans un corpus de discours engagés. Nous avons privilégié les discours des partis progressistes, des romans engagés des années 1970-1980, des récits de vie et des témoignages des enfants de la Creuse. Les textes analysés mettent en lumière la construction d'un modèle politique de mise-sous-tutelle et accusent un processus de décolonisation qui étouffe les particularités et stigmatise l'identité créole. Les revendications portent sur l'autonomisation des décisions politiques et la considération des spécificités régionales. Ces particularités locales, qu'elles soient géographiques, langagières ou culturelles, sont défendues comme des éléments constitutifs de l'identité de la Réunion. Cependant, l'identité réunionnaise est représentée dans un processus conflictuel, où les éléments culturels sont hiérarchisés. L'analyse des enjeux de la construction des identités en période postcoloniale montre une inévitable corrélation avec l'organisation de la société coloniale. Les structures de domination, transformées après 1946, corrélées aux effets de la départementalisation et de la mondialisation, entravent la construction d'une identité décomplexée. Dans ce contexte, le discours littéraire devient un moyen de résistance et permet aux subalternes de se réapproprier le discours sur soi et d'apporter une autre version de l'histoire. Cette thèse interroge les enjeux de la construction de l'identité réunionnaise, dans le contexte des mutations sociales et politiques, et en considérant ses conséquences sur les individus. Elle souligne également l'absence de considération du fait colonial et de ses conséquences contemporaines en France<br>This research paper questions the identity claims (territorial and political, individual and collective) in a corpus of engaged speeches. The decision was to work from speeches of progressive parties, engaged novels from the 1970s-1980s, life stories and accounts from “the Children of Creuse”. The analysed texts highlight the construction of a political model of state supervision and blame a process of decolonisation that stifles particularities and stigmatises the Creole identity. The claims focus on empowering the making of political decisions and considering the regional specificities. These local particularities, either geographic, linguistic or cultural, are defended as defining elements of Reunion's identity. However, the Reunionese identity is represented in a conflictual process in which the cultural elements are organised in a hierarchy. The analysis of the issue of the building of identities during the postcolonial era shows an inevitable correlation with the organisation of the colonial society. The structures of domination, transformed after 1946, correlated to the effects of the departmentalisation and globalisation, hinder the construction of an assertive identity. In this context, the literary speech becomes a means of resistance and allows the subordinates to claim the speech back to themselves and bring another version of the history. This thesis questions the concerns of the building of the Reunionese identity in the context of social and political transformations and by considering its consequences on individuals. It also emphasises the absence of consideration of colonialism and its contemporary impacts in France
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Sinovetz, Henrique Duarte. "Análise do impacto da certificação LEED nos canteiros de obra de uma empresa de grande porte na cidade de Porto Alegre e propostas de adequação." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6245.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-10<br>Nenhuma<br>A indústria da construção civil é uma das maiores responsáveis pelos significativos e danosos impactos ambientais, seja pelo consumo de matéria prima, seja pela contaminação do solo, pela geração de resíduos, ou ainda, pela contaminação do ar. Portanto, o tema da sustentabilidade vem sendo abordado com mais frequência no mercado imobiliário. Esse tema se demonstra na construção civil através de projetos que utilizam métodos construtivos que reduzem o impacto ambiental, como por exemplo, reutilização de água, uso de energia solar e redução de resíduos. Para o período de construção deve-se pensar em um planejamento e controle de canteiro de obras adequado, com planos ambientais e ações claras para cada situação. Em diversos países, inclusive no Brasil, a sustentabilidade tem sido aplicada unida a selos de certificação ambiental para construções, o que passa a ser um diferencial de venda, dada a alta competitividade do mercado atual. Nesse contexto e partindo de um objeto de estudo de uma empresa de grande porte, da cidade de Porto Alegre, que decidiu pela certificação de suas futuras incorporações, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar quatro canteiros de obra como estudo de caso, quanto ao atendimento dos requisitos da certificação LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) no momento de construção. A partir desse diagnóstico foi possível sugerir adequações aos canteiros futuros. E depois disso criar diretrizes para os planos ambientais, tais como: erosão e sedimentação, gestão de resíduos e qualidade do ar interior. Demonstrando, assim, que com planejamento de ações pode-se reduzir os danos e produzir impactos positivos à sustentabilidade.<br>The construction industry is one of the main responsible for the significant and damaging environmental impacts, either by the consumption of raw material, by the contamination of the soil, by the generation of combings, either by the contamination of the air. Therefore, the sustainability theme has been approached more frequently in the real estate market. This theme is demonstrated in the civil construction through projects that use constructive methods that reduce the environmental issues, such as reuse of water, use of solar energy and reduction of wasting. During the construction period should be think about planning and controlling of adequate construction site, with environmental plans and clear actions for each situation. In several countries, including Brazil, sustainability has been applied together with environmental certification seals for buildings, which becomes a selling differential, given the high competitiveness of the current market. In this context and with a study object of a large company, of the city of Porto Alegre, which decided for the certification of its future incorporations, the present work has the objective of analysing four construction sites as a study case, regarding the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification requirements at the time of construction. From this diagnosis it was possible to suggest adjustments to the future beds. And after that create guidelines for environmental plans, such as: erosion and sedimentation, waste management and indoor air quality. Demonstrating, therefore, that with planning actions can reduce damages and produce positive impacts to sustainability.
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González, Ferrao Libia M. "L'élite cultivée à Porto Rico et la construction de l'identité "nationale" (1860-1930)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010616.
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Cette thèse examine le rôle joué par l'élite cultivée à Porto Rico dans la construction de la mémoire collective entre 1860 et 1930. Durant cette période les générations successives de cette élite ont formulé différents récits de la "patrie", de la "nation", du "peuple". À travers une étude prosopographique de cette élite et l'analyse de ses principales productions intellectuelles et littéraires,cette thèse explore la manière dont cette élite a travaillé et retravaillée le passé, a inventé un récit du progrès et d'appartenance à une civilisation hispanique ; comment elle a crée les principaux symboles de la portoricanité et veille à leur sauvegarde, en formant des associations et des institutions culturelles ou en s'appuyant sur le pouvoir de l'état.
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Telldén, Erik. "Korsten Town Local Economic Development in the Public Space." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2644.
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My project takes place in Korsten four kilometers north of central Port Elizabeth. Korsten is today known as the industrial center of the city and provides job opportunities throughout the whole region. Central Korsten contains the biggest informal market within Port Elizabeth; it is also functioning as a nodal interchange where buses and minibus taxis provide transport within the city as well as nationwide. In 2010 major changes in the transport system will take place as a part of the 2010 world cup program. The city introduces the new Bus rapid transit system, a transportation system based on trunk buses complimented with minibus taxis. Introducing a new bus-system to Korsten will be a great challenge especially concerning Korstens informal identity and tradition. The informal economy is today an integral part of the South African economy and something that most South Africans come in contact with on daily bases. But it is an economy and movement not measurable or regulated by the government. The informal economy got its own rules and traditions and it flourishes in Korsten. It creates job opportunities as well as a possibility to buy everyday goods to a reasonable price, but it also contributes to a hectic and unstructured environment which gives a chaotic impression. This dissertation highlights the informal tradition and its possibility to be an integral part of the modern Korsten. It investigates the meaning of the public space and what role it plays in our cities and how it can be implemented in Korsten.<br>Available at: erik_tellden(at)hotmail.com +46702267034
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Sioc'han-Monnier, Françoise. "La construction et l'évolution des ports en Bretagne aux 19ème et 20ème siècle." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20030.
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Pour un regard lucide sur une région maritime à forte identité, nous proposons d'analyser les conditions topographiques, nautiques et économiques ayant présidées a l'apparition d'un port sur le littoral de la Manche et de l'Atlantique. Après une analyse du processus de création, nous nous employons à illustrer l'évolution architecturale des infrastructures portuaires en passant par une exploration indispensable de leur anatomie. Cette interprétation ne peut se comprendre sans une approche "anthropologique" et historico-économique du port dans sa périphérie la plus large. Faiseur de monde, le port est intimement associé aux caractéristiques techniques, économiques et sociales de la civilisation. Les contrastes de ce tableau historique du paysage architectural portuaire dévoilent les mouvements de flux et de reflux du passe de la péninsule bretonne
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Wang, Wei. "Saint-Gobain et Pont-à-Mousson face à la construction européenne 1946-1970." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040083.
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Fondée en 1685, la Compagnie de Saint-Gobain est aujourd’hui une très grande firme mondiale. Elle doit à son développement propre, mais aussi à sa fusion avec Pont-à-Mousson. Elle était déjà la première multinationale française au début du XXème siècle. Elle a cherché très tôt l’internationalisation, surtout en direction de l’Europe, s’implantant en Allemagne comme en Italie. Après la deuxième Guerre mondiale, Pont-à-Mousson a pris part à la création de la Communauté économique du charbon et de l’acier (CECA). Cette dernière est considérée comme la première institution conduisant à l’unité européenne, notamment à une Europe économique. Pour les deux entreprises définies chacune comme un centre autonome de décision, il s’agit, dans ce livre, d’étudier le processus de la prise de décision économique, à l’intérieur, d’analyser l’environnement extérieur pendant la période de 1945-1970 dans le contexte de la construction européenne. Pour quelle raison Pont-à-Mousson a-t-il participé avec un tel intérêt à la création de la CECA ? Quel rôle les groupes Saint-Gobain et Pont-à-Mousson ont-ils joué dans l’ouverture du marché commun ? Quels ont été la politique et les objectifs des dirigeants politiques ? L’un des intérêts de l’ouvrage consiste à tenter de définir l’évolution des stratégies passées d’une attitude défensive à une attitude offensive, les deux entreprises à s’adapter à l’Europe et acceptant ainsi la transformation progressive de leur modèle de gestion. C’est très largement la contrainte européenne qu’a poussé à leur rapprochement, sans que celui-ci puisse s’expliquer par la seule pression d’un état français interventionniste : les stratégies d’entreprises elle-même ont joué un rôle déterminant<br>Founded in 1685, Company of Saint-Gobain is now a very large global firm, which is due to its own development, but also to its merger with Pont-à-Mousson. In the early twentieth century, the Companies were already the leading French multinational. It sought early internationalization, especially to Europe, establishing itself in Germany and Italy. After World War II, Pont-à-Mousson took part in the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The latter is considered as the first institution leading to European unity, especially in an economic Europe. For both companies, each defined as an autonomous centre of decision, it is this book that aims to study the inside process of economic decision-making and to analyse the external environment during the 1945-1970 in the context of European integration. Why Pont-à-Mousson has involved with such an interest in the creation of the ECSC? Which role did the groups of Saint-Gobain and Pont-à-Mousson play in the opening of the common market? What were the policy and objectives of the political leaders? One of the interests of this book is to try to define the evolution of strategies, from a defensive attitude to an offensive attitude, the two companies adapt to Europe and thus accepting the gradual transformation in their Management model. This is mostly the European constraint that has pushed them closer, rather than under the only pressure pushed by an interventionist French state: strategies of the Company itself played a decisive role
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Wang, Wei. "Saint-Gobain et Pont-à-Mousson face à la construction européenne 1946-1970." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040083.
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Fondée en 1685, la Compagnie de Saint-Gobain est aujourd’hui une très grande firme mondiale. Elle doit à son développement propre, mais aussi à sa fusion avec Pont-à-Mousson. Elle était déjà la première multinationale française au début du XXème siècle. Elle a cherché très tôt l’internationalisation, surtout en direction de l’Europe, s’implantant en Allemagne comme en Italie. Après la deuxième Guerre mondiale, Pont-à-Mousson a pris part à la création de la Communauté économique du charbon et de l’acier (CECA). Cette dernière est considérée comme la première institution conduisant à l’unité européenne, notamment à une Europe économique. Pour les deux entreprises définies chacune comme un centre autonome de décision, il s’agit, dans ce livre, d’étudier le processus de la prise de décision économique, à l’intérieur, d’analyser l’environnement extérieur pendant la période de 1945-1970 dans le contexte de la construction européenne. Pour quelle raison Pont-à-Mousson a-t-il participé avec un tel intérêt à la création de la CECA ? Quel rôle les groupes Saint-Gobain et Pont-à-Mousson ont-ils joué dans l’ouverture du marché commun ? Quels ont été la politique et les objectifs des dirigeants politiques ? L’un des intérêts de l’ouvrage consiste à tenter de définir l’évolution des stratégies passées d’une attitude défensive à une attitude offensive, les deux entreprises à s’adapter à l’Europe et acceptant ainsi la transformation progressive de leur modèle de gestion. C’est très largement la contrainte européenne qu’a poussé à leur rapprochement, sans que celui-ci puisse s’expliquer par la seule pression d’un état français interventionniste : les stratégies d’entreprises elle-même ont joué un rôle déterminant<br>Founded in 1685, Company of Saint-Gobain is now a very large global firm, which is due to its own development, but also to its merger with Pont-à-Mousson. In the early twentieth century, the Companies were already the leading French multinational. It sought early internationalization, especially to Europe, establishing itself in Germany and Italy. After World War II, Pont-à-Mousson took part in the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The latter is considered as the first institution leading to European unity, especially in an economic Europe. For both companies, each defined as an autonomous centre of decision, it is this book that aims to study the inside process of economic decision-making and to analyse the external environment during the 1945-1970 in the context of European integration. Why Pont-à-Mousson has involved with such an interest in the creation of the ECSC? Which role did the groups of Saint-Gobain and Pont-à-Mousson play in the opening of the common market? What were the policy and objectives of the political leaders? One of the interests of this book is to try to define the evolution of strategies, from a defensive attitude to an offensive attitude, the two companies adapt to Europe and thus accepting the gradual transformation in their Management model. This is mostly the European constraint that has pushed them closer, rather than under the only pressure pushed by an interventionist French state: strategies of the Company itself played a decisive role
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Martins, Flávia Gadelha. "Gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil em obras de grande porte: estudos de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-19102012-093525/.
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O crescimento da economia brasileira proporcionou uma intensificação na quantidade de obras de infraestrutura iniciadas no país nos últimos anos. A adoção e ampliação de estratégias utilizadas pelo governo para combater os efeitos da crise internacional sobre a economia e as obras necessárias ao país, em razão de eventos internacionais que acontecerão, como a Copa do Mundo de Futebol em 2014, e de programas como o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC), foram uma resposta às atuais necessidades do Brasil. Com essas inúmeras obras, houve um crescimento na geração dos resíduos da construção civil (RCC), o que fez com que autoridades, pesquisadores e a sociedade voltassem seus esforços para enfrentar as dificuldades de manejo e disposição final adequada desses resíduos. A ausência de políticas públicas que promovessem a fiscalização do gerenciamento desses resíduos, em relação aos geradores, provocava diversos impactos como, por exemplo, o surgimento de vários depósitos clandestinos nas áreas mais afastadas do perímetro urbano e gastos por parte da administração pública com modelos de gestão corretiva. Contudo, com a elaboração da Resolução CONAMA nº 307/2002 e da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Decreto nº 7.404/2010 que regulamenta a Lei nº 12.305, ficou instituído que os geradores devem ser responsáveis pelos resíduos das atividades voltadas à construção civil, contemplando, assim, a minimização dos impactos causados ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Dessa forma, esse quadro de descaso com a situação dos resíduos começou a mudar. Com a intenção de contribuir com essa área de conhecimento, esta pesquisa teve como finalidade estudar a situação do sistema de gerenciamento de RCC de obras de grande porte, após a regulamentação da Resolução CONAMA nº 307/2002 e do Decreto nº 7.404/2010, que regulamenta a Lei nº 12.305, referente à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo da situação da gestão e do gerenciamento dos RCC na demolição e construção da Arena Fonte Nova, em Salvador - BA, e na construção da Arena Pernambuco, em São Lourenço da Mata - PE, realizadas para a Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014, por meio de três etapas de estudo: análise das variáveis e indicadores locais; caracterização qualitativa dos resíduos; e, por fim, comparação do gerenciamento da obra com o preconizado em ambas as leis. Esta pesquisa utilizou metodologia de classificação qualitativa do RCC, por meio de observações e entrevistas de campo, com o objetivo de identificar e analisar sua gestão e seu gerenciamento nessas obras, e teve como principal importância ajudar as empresas construtoras de obras de grande porte a fazerem uma autoavaliação de sua gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos. Portanto, concluiu-se que as obras pesquisadas atendem às exigências das leis e que, para que haja um efetivo sistema de gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil, deve-se influenciar a mudança cultural das pessoas, visando a efetiva compreensão e concordância das necessidades ambientais.<br>The Brazilian economy has provided an enhancement in the amount of infrastructure works initiated in the country in recent years. The adoption and expansion of strategies used by the government to combat the effects of global crisis on the economy and the works necessary for the country due to international events that will happen as the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and programs such as PAC (Program Growth Acceleration), were a response to the current needs of Brazil. With these numerous works, there was an increase in the generation of civil construction waste (CCW), which meant that the authorities, researchers and society return their efforts to face the difficulties of handling and final disposal of such waste. The absence of public policies that promote the monitoring of waste management in relation to generators, caused many impacts, for example, the emergence of several underground deposits in the areas furthest from the urban perimeter and spending by the public administration models corrective management. However, the drafting of the CONAMA Resolution 307/2002 and the National Policy on Solid Waste Decree 7.404/2010 which regulates Law 12,305, it was established that the generators should be responsible for waste from activities related to construction, encompassing thus minimizing the impacts to the environment and human health. Thus, this picture of neglect with the waste situation began to change. Intending to contribute to this area of knowledge, the present study was aimed to study the situation of the CCW management system for large works, after the implementation of Resolution CONAMA 307/2002 and Decree regulating 7.404/2010 Law 12,305, on the National Policy on Solid Waste. To that end, a study of the CCW management situation was conducted in the demolition and construction of the Arena Fonte Nova in Salvador - Bahia, and in the construction of the Arena Pernambuco in São Lourenço da Mata - PE, performed for the FIFA World Cup 2014, through three stages of study: analysis of variables and local indicators, qualitative characterization of the waste and, finally, comparing the CCW management as recommended in both laws. This research used the qualitative methodology of the CCW, through field observations and interviews, in order to identify and analyze the management of these same works and its main importance to help manufacturers of major works to make a self- evaluation of its management and solid waste management. Therefore,it was concluded that the works researched met the requirements of laws and that to have an effective management system of civil construction waste, must influence cultural change in the people, in order to enhance comprehension and compliance of environmental needs.
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Burgelin, Jean-Baptiste. "Nouveau concept modulaire de tablier de pont tout aluminium à portée simple et assemblable en chantier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27911.
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Dans le but de concurrencer l’utilisation des dalles de béton et du bois dans les tabliers de pont, on étudie dans ce mémoire la possibilité de dimensionner un tablier de pont tout en aluminium et économiquement intéressant. Le cahier des charges spécifie que le nouveau concept soit de 15 mètres de portée, fabricable en usine et assemblable en chantier. Ce mémoire s’inscrit plus globalement dans la stratégie québécoise de développement de l’aluminium (2015-2025) et est en partenariat avec le ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l’Électrification des transports québécois (MTMDET). Après avoir écarté la possibilité d’un platelage en aluminium totalement faisable au Québec de 15 mètres de long sans système d’attache entre les panneaux, on a proposé une conception innovante en ayant recours simplement à des extrusions dont le diamètre circonscrit est inférieur à 460 mm. En voulant valider la conception au regard de la norme CAN/CSA S6-2014 et par la méthode des éléments finis, on s’est aperçu que le chapitre 17 concernant les ouvrages d’aluminium de ladite norme était très sécuritaire et parfois incomplet. On a proposé alors de nouvelles méthodes pour avoir accès aux fractions de charge de camion ou à la largeur effective pour un platelage en aluminium. Une fois ces considérations techniques étudiées, une analyse économique a été menée, s’intéressant particulièrement aux coûts de production d’un platelage en aluminium et en le comparant au coût de production d’une dalle de béton ou d’un platelage en bois. Enfin, fort des analyses faites au cours de ce mémoire, on a proposé une conception finale répondant aux critères de la norme et qui pourrait être économiquement viable.<br>This thesis studies the possibility of designing a full aluminum deck which would be economically interesting in order to compete with the use of concrete slab and wood for bridge decks. The requirements for this project are that the new concept has a span of 15 meters, can be built in a factory and can be assembled in the field. This thesis is part of the Quebec aluminum development strategy (SQDA 2015-2025) and is done in partnership with the ministry of Transportation, of durable Mobility and of transport Electrification (MTMDET). Having rejected the possibility of a 15 meters long aluminum deck without any clamp system between panels and entirely made in Quebec, an innovating concept has been proposed using only extrusion with a circumscribed diameter lower than 460 mm (18 inches). Seeking to validate the new concept with the CAN/CSA S6-2014 code and by the finite element method, it has been realized that chapter 17 of this code, related to aluminum structures, is very conservative and sometimes incomplete. Consequently, new methods have been proposed to have access to truck load fractions or to effective length of an aluminum deck. An economic analysis has been made after having studied the technical considerations. It focused on production costs of an aluminum deck and a comparison with the production cost of a concrete slab or a wooden deck. Finally, considering the results, a final conception has been proposed which qualifies for the code and is economically viable.
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Danielo, Julien. "Les ports d'Auray et de Vannes aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : ville, architecture et identité portuaire sous l'Ancient Régime." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354721/fr/.
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Une des images les plus marquantes de la Bretagne est celle de ses ports et de leur vocation maritime. Sous l’Ancien Régime, la société portuaire, telle qu’elle peut se concevoir à Nantes, St Malo ou Lorient, s’est caractérisée par des professions relatives au commerce maritime et à la construction navale. Elle s’est aussi spécifiée par un goût prononcé pour le voyage, la mer et l’exotisme, et enfin par une ouverture à l’esprit du siècle des Lumières. Du point de vue de l’aménagement urbain, les ports se sont attelés à maîtriser l’espace en gagnant du terrain sur la mer et en la domestiquant par la construction de quais, de ponts et d’écluses. L’embellissement a donné à ces quartiers un caractère urbain, surtout grâce à l’initiative politique du groupe négociant souvent appuyé par le pouvoir royal. La ville s’est appropriée l’espace maritime en y implantant des résidences destinées à loger cette société portuaire dont le groupe négociant est l’élite à part entière. Les intérieurs vont révéler l'état d'ouverture et l'originalité de cette société. Vannes et Auray ne sont pas des villes portuaires mais elles possèdent des quartiers qui le sont pleinement. Les caractéristiques morbihannaises seront différentes sur certains points de celles de leurs modèles nantais, malouin ou lorientais. Instabilité politique, économie défavorable basée sur le commerce des grains, société dominée par le groupe marchand mais pénalisée par sa culture et son éducation, forment un tout qui ont forgé un espace et un bâti aux caractéristiques propres aux anciennes petites villes bretonnes de fond d’estuaire. Ces deux villes essaient aujourd’hui de revaloriser l’identité portuaire de leur quartier<br>City, Architecture and Port Identity during the Ancien Régime One of the most striking images of Brittany is the one of its ports and their maritime vocation. Under the Ancient Régime, the people living in ports, like those living in Nantes, St Malo or Lorient, were different. First, they had jobs linked with the maritime business and shipbuilding. Secondly, they were characterized as open-minded people who enjoyed travelling, the maritime culture and exoticism. And finally, they were open to the new visions of the XVIIIth century (le Siècle des Lumières). As far as the urban planning is concerned, the people living there developed their maritime space by building roads, quays, bridges and locks. The improvements gave to these districts an urban character, especially thanks to the political initiative of the negotiating group and the know-how of the engineers. The City appropriated the maritime space by implanting residences there intended to accommodate these port people; the negotiating group being the elite of this society. The architecture and the inside of the houses revealed social behaviours. Vannes and Auray are not port cities but they possess port districts. In these small cities of South Brittany, the characteristics were different from their models: Nantes, St Malo or Lorient. The instability of the policy, the unfavourable economy based on the grain trade, and the society dominated by the trade group but penalized by its culture and its education, set up a space and an architecture appropriated to the Breton cities, of ancient origin and from the bottom of the estuary. Today, these two cities,Vannes and Auray are trying to revalue their port district