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Journal articles on the topic 'Porous Liquid'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Liu, Yutong, Yang Bai, and Tao Tian. "Preparation of Porous Liquid Based on Silicalite-1." Materials 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 3984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233984.

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Solid porous materials, like zeolites, have been widely used in a variety of fields such as size-and-shape-selective absorption/separation and catalysis because of their porosity. However, there are few liquid materials that exhibit permanent porosity. Porous liquids are a novel material that combine the properties of fluidity and permanent porosity. They have potential applications in many fields such as gas separation, storage and transport. Herein, we report a novel Type 1 porous liquid prepared based on silicalite-1. The pore size of this porous liquid was determined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and the CO2 capacities were determined by the intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA). The unique properties of this porous liquid can promote its application in many fields such as gas storage and transport.

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2

Wang, Zenghui, Pingping Zhao, Jimin Wu, Jun Gao, Lianzheng Zhang, and Dongmei Xu. "ZIF-8-porous ionic liquids for the extraction of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol and water mixture." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 19 (2021): 8557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01053k.

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3

Frisken, B. J., Andrea J. Liu, and David S. Cannell. "Critical Fluids in Porous Media." MRS Bulletin 19, no. 5 (May 1994): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400036526.

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The behavior of fluids confined in porous materials has been of interest to engineers and scientists for many decades. Among the applications driving this research are the use of porous membranes to achieve liquid-liquid separations and to deionize water, the use of porous materials as beds for catalysis, and the need to extract liquids (especially oil and water) from such media. Many of these applications depend on transport, which is governed by flow or diffusion in the imbibed fluids. Both the flow and diffusion of multiphase fluids in porous media, however, strongly depend on the morphology of phase-separated domains, and on the kinetics of domain growth. Thus, it is worthwhile to study the behavior of multiphase fluids in porous media in the absence of flow. Recently, much attention has focused on even simpler systems that still capture these essential features, namely, near-critical binary liquid mixtures and vapor-liquid systems in model porous media, such as Vycor and dilute silica gels. Although near-critical fluids may seem rather artificial as models for multiphase liquids, there are several advantages associated with them. In general, domain morphology and growth kinetics are governed primarily by competition between interfacial tension and the preferential attraction of one phase to the surface of the medium. In near-critical fluids, the relative strength of these two energy scales is sensitive to temperature, and can therefore be altered in a controlled fashion. In addition, the kinetics of domain growth are sensitive to the temperature quench depth, and can be controlled.

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4

de Boer, Reint. "Thermodynamics of Phase Transitions in Porous Media." Applied Mechanics Reviews 48, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3005042.

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Under certain circumstances, phase transitions can occur in porous media consisting of a porous solid saturated with liquids and gases, for example, due to a freezing process, the liquid or parts of the liquid can turn into ice, which is then connected with the porous solid, or due to a drying process, the liquid or parts of the liquid are converted to vapor, which is then a component of the gas phase. Although some special proboems of phase transitions in porous media have already been treated, a general theory on the basis of thermodynamics is still to be explored. The present paper is concerned with the development of thermodynamic restrictions for the constitutive relations of an elastic, compressible porous solid, filled with two compressible fluids, whereby it is assumed that the three phases have different temperatures. The investigations reveal that the mass changes are essentially, among others, connected to the differences of the chemical potentials and the energy transitions to the differences of the reciprocal of the temperatures, which is well-known in classical thermodynamics of gases.

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5

Hemming, Ellen B., Anthony F. Masters, and Thomas Maschmeyer. "Immobilisation of Homogeneous Pd Catalysts within a Type I Porous Liquid." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 12 (2020): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch20256.

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An N-heterocyclic carbene-based palladium complex was successfully immobilised on the inner surfaces of hollow silica nanospheres. The external surfaces of these spheres were functionalised with a corona-canopy to produce a Type I porous liquid. To confirm the successful immobilisation of the catalytic precursor, the porous liquid system was explored using the Heck reaction as a model reaction. This work demonstrated that homogeneous catalysts can be successfully immobilised within porous liquids in principle and that the approach used could be readily adapted for the immobilisation of other systems.

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6

Sheng, Zhizhi, Jian Zhang, Jing Liu, Yunmao Zhang, Xinyu Chen, and Xu Hou. "Liquid-based porous membranes." Chemical Society Reviews 49, no. 22 (2020): 7907–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00347f.

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7

Costa Gomes, Margarida, Laure Pison, Ctirad Červinka, and Agilio Padua. "Porous Ionic Liquids or Liquid Metal-Organic Frameworks?" Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 37 (August 10, 2018): 12085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201805495.

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8

Costa Gomes, Margarida, Laure Pison, Ctirad Červinka, and Agilio Padua. "Porous Ionic Liquids or Liquid Metal-Organic Frameworks?" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 37 (August 10, 2018): 11909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201805495.

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9

Sun, Zhenning, Zhengyu Cao, Yan Li, Qiuya Zhang, Xiaofang Zhang, Jiangang Qian, Lei Jiang, and Dongliang Tian. "Switchable smart porous surface for controllable liquid transportation." Materials Horizons 9, no. 2 (2022): 780–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1mh01820e.

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Magnetic field induced switchable morphology of composite porous surfaces has been demonstrated for controllable liquid transportation, which can be used as a valve to dynamically control the moving and permeation behavior of non-miscible liquids.

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10

Sliwinska-Bartkowiak, M., S. L. Sowers, and K. E. Gubbins. "Liquid−Liquid Phase Equilibria in Porous Materials†." Langmuir 13, no. 5 (March 1997): 1182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la960004a.

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11

Molchanov, Vitalii. "Statement and solution of non-stationary problem of liquid filtering in a deformed porous medium." Ukrainian journal of mechanical engineering and materials science 5, no. 3-4 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2019.03-04.001.

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The paper discusses the laws behind the filtering procedures of process liquids through porous materials. At metalwork finishing operations, the use of cutting fluids is of particular importance. During operation, liquids are continuously and intensively contaminated with solid metal parts. To restore the original properties, process fluids are cleaned of mechanical admixtures. The most widely used methods for purifying process liquids are those by filtration. The use of filtration for the purification of process fluids is most effective, since filtering through a layer of porous materials results in complete extraction and removal of solids from liquids. However, the structural features of the pores in the porous environment trigger a number of specific phenomena that arise when liquids move in the porous channels of a porous medium. The research purpose is to discuss and establish the laws behind the filtering procedures of process fluids through porous materials. When filtering process liquids through a layer of porous materials, the porous medium of the filter membrane expands with a change in porosity. The change in porosity occurs due to a decrease in the pore volume of the porous environment, since the solid parts together with the liquid penetrate into the porous channels of the porous environment and hover in them. The conducted studies permitted the authors to identify and study the laws of the filtering process and establish the law of change in porosity of the porous environment. Based on the established law, a differential equation is derived. It allowed, for given initial and border-line conditions, stating the problem of filtering the liquid through a layer of solid particles of a variable porous medium of the filtering membrane. The solution of the non-stationary problem with initial and border-line conditions by the finite difference method allowed determining the hydrodynamic parameters of fluid filtration through a layer of particles of the porous environment of the filter membrane and to obtain a solution of the non-stationary boundary problem of fluid filtration in a deformed porous medium. The use of research results promotes complete clarification of the process fluid and thorough removal of the solid parts of valuable secondary raw materials of metal processing, in particular for powder metallurgy, facilitates the launching of waste-free production, and increases the level of environmental cleanliness in the operating area of cutting fluids.

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12

Wang, Zhecun, Jianlin Yang, Shiyu Song, Jing Guo, Jifu Zheng, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Shenghai Li, and Suobo Zhang. "Patterned, anti-fouling membrane with controllable wettability for ultrafast oil/water separation and liquid–liquid extraction." Chemical Communications 56, no. 80 (2020): 12045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04804f.

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A novel liquid-infused patterned porous membrane system exhibits excellent interfacial floatability at the oil–water interface as a separator, providing high performance and convenient separation of liquids.

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13

Chuiko, Myroslava, Lidiia Vytvytska, and Nataliia Pindus. "Method and device for the control of surface properties of porous solids at the boundary of their contact with liquids and gases." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2021.236089.

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The article indicates the relevance of the problem of controlling the surface properties of solids, analyzes the features of interaction between porous solids in direct contact with liquids. The process of adhesive interaction of the system “liquid – porous solid” at the interface of these phases is analyzed and the dependence of the degree of wetting by a liquid of the surface of a solid on the structure of the porous body and the surface properties of the liquid is established. The dependence of the contact angle hysteresis of the solid with liquid on the porosity and roughness of the sample of the controlled body is substantiated. A method of complex express control of the wetting process, which consists in determining the hysteresis of fluid flowing in and out from the surface of a solid body, has been proposed. The method consists in determining the rate of liquid outflow from a tilted sample of a solid. At the same time, the liquid is applied with the same speed to the surface of a porous body sample. The design of device for realization of the method has been developed.

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14

Fan, Jie, Cai-Xia Li, Yuan-Yuan Qi, Li-Li Wang, Wan Shou, and Yong Liu. "Liquid transport in non-uniform capillary fibrous media." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 9 (May 29, 2018): 1684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518779248.

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Liquid transport in porous materials is affected significantly by the geometry of the non-uniform capillaries. In this study, an N-section lotus-rhizome-node-like non-uniform capillary model was for the first time proposed based on the plane Poiseuille flow and capillary pressure equation to investigate the liquid transport in porous fibrous media. Normalized total flow time of the non-uniform capillary was obtained as a function of the height and width ratio between the converging and diverging nodes and their total number. The results indicated that the velocity of liquid transport greatly depended on the number of nodes in a certain liquid transport length. The non-uniform capillaries with frequent alterations between converging and diverging nodes have low liquid transport efficiency. The thick capillary exhibits fast liquid transport efficiency in those capillaries with the same self-similar geometry. The model was verified using polypropylene filament yarns and different liquids. The results agreed well with the theoretical prediction. This work not only provides a deeper understanding of liquid transport inside porous fibrous media with non-uniform capillaries, but can also guide the novel design and optimization of functional fibrous materials.

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15

Percec, Virgil. "Bioinspired supramolecular liquid crystals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1847 (August 21, 2006): 2709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1848.

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A brief account on the historical events leading to the discovery of self-assembling dendrons that generate self-organizable supramolecular dendrimers, or supramolecular polymers, and self-organizable dendronized polymers is provided. These building blocks were accessed by an accelerated design strategy that involves structural and retrostructural analysis of periodic and quasi-periodic assemblies. This design strategy mediated the discovery of porous helical supramolecular structures that self-assembled from dendritic dipeptides. Helical porous columns are the closest mimics of biologically related structures, such as tobacco mosaic virus coat, porous transmembrane proteins, porous pathogens and antibiotics. It is expected that this concept will allow one to investigate the structural origin of functions in synthetic supramolecular materials.

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16

Ghoufi, Aziz. "Nanoconfined gases, liquids and liquid crystals in porous materials." Molecular Simulation 40, no. 7-9 (February 5, 2014): 698–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2013.829218.

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17

Brown, Philip S., and Bharat Bhushan. "Liquid-impregnated porous polypropylene surfaces for liquid repellency." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 487 (February 2017): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.079.

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18

García, Edder J., Pascal Boulet, Renaud Denoyel, Jérôme Anquetil, Gilles Borda, and Bogdan Kuchta. "Simulation of liquid–liquid interfaces in porous media." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 496 (May 2016): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.047.

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19

Potdar, Aditi, Leen C. J. Thomassen, and Simon Kuhn. "Structured Porous Millireactors for Liquid‐Liquid Chemical Reactions." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 91, no. 5 (January 30, 2019): 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201800128.

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20

Abbas, Farhat, and Derek A. Rose. "Viscous Fingering and Gravity Segregation through Porous Media: Experimental Findings." Earth Interactions 14, no. 11 (October 1, 2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010ei348.1.

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Abstract During downward vertical flow of a viscous solution, the viscous fingering (VF) phenomenon affects miscible displacement of solutes through a soil profile. On the other hand, during horizontal flow, when the liquid residing in a horizontal bed of porous materials is displaced by another liquid of different density, the resulting hydrodynamic dispersion is modified by the formation of a tongue of denser liquid undershooting the less dense liquid, a phenomenon known as gravity segregation (GS). To explore VF and GS phenomena, the authors present laboratory experimental results on the vertical and horizontal transport of bulk solution and ions of different concentrations and/or densities through inert and reactive porous media. The study showed that, with miscible liquids, breakthrough starts later and ends earlier. The authors predicted the behavior of immiscible liquids by the nondimensional gravity segregation number β: that is, with increase in β, the segregation becomes extreme. The curve fitting technique CXTFIT 2.0 fitted the experimental breakthrough curves well, showing that the apparent coefficients of hydrodynamic dispersion vary much less with pore-water velocity in horizontal than in vertical flow, but retardation factors are not influenced by the orientation of flow. This work is relevant to the preferential flow of viscous liquids such as liquid fertilizers in agricultural fields, oil recovery processes, and the intrusion of saline water into the freshwater of coastal aquifers.

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21

Al-Nimr, M. A., M. H. Okor, and S. Kiwan. "Liquid seeping into porous medium." Heat and Mass Transfer 37, no. 2-3 (April 27, 2001): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310000156.

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22

JUGJAI, S., and C. PONGSAI. "LIQUID FUELS-FIRED POROUS BURNER." Combustion Science and Technology 179, no. 9 (August 2, 2007): 1823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102200701260179.

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23

Liu, Yue, Liyan Zhao, Jianjian Lin, and Shikuan Yang. "Electrodeposited surfaces with reversibly switching interfacial properties." Science Advances 5, no. 11 (November 2019): eaax0380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0380.

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Engineered surfaces with reversibly switching interfacial properties, such as wettability and liquid repellency, are highly desirable in diverse application fields but are rare. We have developed a general concept to prepare metallic porous surfaces with exceptionally powerful wettability switch capabilities and liquid-repellent properties through an extremely simple one-step electrochemical deposition process. The wettability switch and manipulative liquid-repellent properties are enabled by orientation change of the dodecyl sulfate ions ionically bonded to the porous membranes during electrodeposition. The porous membrane with adjustable wettability enables it to trap different lubricants on demand within the pores to form liquid-infused porous surfaces with varied liquid-repellent properties. We have demonstrated the application of the (liquid-infused) porous membrane in encryption, controllable droplet transfer, and water harvesting. Moreover, the silver porous membrane can be coated onto a copper mesh, forming a smart antifouling liquid gate capable of allowing water or oil to pass through on request.

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24

Neirinck, Bram, Jan Fransaer, Omer Van der Biest, and Jef Vleugels. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Liquid Templates." Key Engineering Materials 412 (June 2009): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.412.299.

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Recent developments demonstrated that liquid templates in the form of solid particles stabilized emulsions can be used to produce porous materials. The use of such emulsions offers the possibility to control the porous properties over a wide range of pore sizes and porosities for a variety of materials. In addition, the liquid nature of the template enables the formed products to be sintered without a low temperature debinding step. In this work, the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of these liquid templates for the production of porous alumina is reported. The experimental parameters needed to obtain stable emulsions, their influence on the final porous properties, as well as the influence of the deposition parameters are discussed.

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25

Kryeziu, Arjeta, Václav Slovák, and Alžběta Parchaňská. "Liquefaction of Cellulose for Production of Advanced Porous Carbon Materials." Polymers 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2022): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081621.

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Cellulose is a renewable resource for the production of advanced carbonaceous materials for various applications. In addition to direct carbonization, attention has recently been paid to the preparation of porous carbons from liquid cellulose-based precursors. Possible pathways of cellulose conversion to a liquid state suitable for the preparation of porous carbons are summarized in this review. Hydrothermal liquefaction leading to liquid mixtures of low-molecular-weight organics is described in detail together with less common decomposition techniques (microwave or ultrasound assisted liquefaction, decomposition in a strong gravitation field). We also focus on dissolution of cellulose without decomposition, with special attention paid to dissolution of nonderivatized cellulose. For this purpose, cold alkalines, hot acids, ionic liquids, or alcohols are commonly used.

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26

Tan, Qi Yan, Ya Jing Kan, Gu Tian Zhao, and Yun Fei Chen. "Rate Effects on Dynamic Properties of Liquid under Nanoconfinement." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.129.

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The dynamic properties of liquids in confined geometries or porous media are of both fundamental and practical importance in many physical situations, such as lubrication of micro/nanoelectromechanical systems, the flow of liquids in rocks and nanopores, and transport through porous media in filtration processes. The investigation of liquids confined at the nanoscale has been an active field for many years, but their properties remain controversial. In this work, a surface force apparatus (SFA) has been used to investigate the dynamic properties of nanoconfined octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) between two mica surfaces. The dependences of normal and adhesion forces on different confinement or retraction rates were studied. The hydrodynamic effects and liquid drainage were also determined. The contribution of hydrodynamic effects to liquid drainage is limited. Our experimental results showed that normal forces are strongly changed at high loading rates, whereas adhesion forces vary slightly. The rapidly confined film behaves as a jamming liquid of enhanced viscosity for a film thickness below to a few nanometers, while the viscosity change little at slow confinement rate. These results indicate that confining rate effects play a great role in the properties of nanoconfined liquid.

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27

Huang, Yuan Ming, Qing Lan Ma, and Bao Gai Zhai. "Photoluminescence of Liquid Crystal Infiltrated Porous Silicon Film." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.812.

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We have investigated the photoluminescence (PL) of a porous silicon film in which a typical nematic liquid crystal 4-pentyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl infiltrated. Before the liquid crystal filtration, the PL spectrum of the porous silicon film is comprised of two luminescent bands, one of which is located at about 600 nm whereas the other of which is located at about 450 nm. After the liquid crystal filtration, the porous silicon film gives off intense deep-blue PL with its peak located at about 400 nm at the cost of the complete quenching of the PL from the original porous silicon film. Our results have demonstrated that the luminescent properties of porous silicon films can be dramatically modified by liquid crystal infiltration.

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28

Bazhenov, Stepan, Olga Kristavchuk, Margarita Kostyanaya, Anton Belogorlov, Ruslan Ashimov, and Pavel Apel. "Interphase Surface Stability in Liquid-Liquid Membrane Contactors Based on Track-Etched Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120949.

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A promising solution for the implementation of extraction processes is liquid–liquid membrane contactors. The transfer of the target component from one immiscible liquid to another is carried out inside membrane pores. For the first time, highly asymmetric track-etched membranes made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) of the same thickness but with different pore diameters (12.5–19 nm on one side and hundreds of nanometers on the other side) were studied in the liquid–liquid membrane contactor. For analysis of the liquid–liquid interface stability, two systems widely diverging in the interfacial tension value were used: water–pentanol and water–hexadecane. The interface stability was investigated depending on the following process parameters: the porous structure, the location of the asymmetric membrane in the contactor, the velocities of liquids, and the pressure drop between them. It was shown that the stability of the interface increases with decreasing pore size. Furthermore, it is preferable to supply the aqueous phase from the side of the asymmetric membrane with the larger pore size. The asymmetry of the porous structure of the membrane makes it possible to increase the range of pressure drop values between the phases by at least two times (from 5 to 10 kPa), which does not lead to mutual dispersion of the liquids. The liquid–liquid contactor based on the asymmetric track-etched membranes allows for the extraction of impurities from the organic phase into the aqueous phase by using a 1% solution of acetone in hexadecane as an example.

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29

Venerus, David C. "Squeeze flows in liquid films bound by porous disks." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 855 (September 21, 2018): 860–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.635.

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Squeeze flows in liquid films between a porous disk and an impermeable disk generated by the relative motion of the disks are analysed. Two configurations that differ by the arrangement of (im)permeable external surfaces that bound the porous disk (i.e. not in contact with the liquid film) are considered. Such configurations allow for bearings with tuneable load-bearing characteristics and are also encountered in joint lubrication, adhesion, printing and composite manufacturing. In the present study, flow in the porous disk is governed by Darcy’s law and flow in the liquid film is described using lubrication theory. The present analysis also allows for slip between the liquid film and porous disk. Analytical solutions of the coupled system of equations governing flow in the liquid film and the porous disk are found. Under certain conditions, somewhat unexpected flow patterns are observed in the porous disk. The load-bearing capacity for both configurations is also examined as a function of the permeability and geometry of the permeable disk.

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30

Keppert, Martin, Monika Čáchová, and Dana Koňáková. "Transport of Liquids in Porous Rocks." Materials Science Forum 824 (July 2015): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.824.117.

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The rate of transport of liquids in porous environment is crucial engineering problem. It has importance in many fields like chemical engineering, hydropedology, economic geology and also in building materials science. The intensity of a liquid transport in porous body can be analyzed be means of three concepts – sorptivity, permeability and diffusivity. The approaches applied in field of porous rocks are discussed. Water absorption coefficients of set of sedimentary rocks of wide porosity range were determined experimentally and the relationship between them and specific pore volume of rocks was found.

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31

Sarah, Krainer, and Hirn Ulrich. "Short timescale wetting and penetration on porous sheets measured with ultrasound, direct absorption and contact angle." RSC Advances 8, no. 23 (2018): 12861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01434e.

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32

Miryuk, O. A. "Porous composite material based on liquid glass." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 323, no. 4 (May 23, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.35.

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The article presents the results of experimental studies of a composite material obtained on the basis of liquid glass and mineral fillers of technogenic origin. The structure of the composite material is formed by porous granules bonded with a liquid-glass matrix. The porous filler is synthesized from a mixture of liquid glass and combined filler (cullet, flake overburden, coal mining waste, and ash microsphere). Regulation of composition and content of the filler in the raw mixture ensures porous granules production with a bulk density of 270 – 330 kg/m3. Analysis of mathematical models reflecting the dependence of the density and strength of the composite material on the composition of the moulding mixture allowed us to establish a reasonable ratio between the liquid glass and the filler, the matrix, and the porous filler. Optimal proportions of the composite material are characterized by a density of 450 – 600 kg/m3and compressive strength of at least 5.5 MPa. Strong adhesion of the liquid-glass matrix to the surface of the porous filler ensures the resistance of the composite material to diverse effects. The structure of the materials was studied by electron microscopy. The development of composite material is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of construction.

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33

Li, Peipei, Hao Chen, Jennifer A. Schott, Bo Li, Yaping Zheng, Shannon M. Mahurin, De-en Jiang, et al. "Porous liquid zeolites: hydrogen bonding-stabilized H-ZSM-5 in branched ionic liquids." Nanoscale 11, no. 4 (2019): 1515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr07337f.

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The porous liquid zeolites with permanent porosity could be fabricated by exploiting the hydrogen bonding interaction between the alkane chains of branched ionic liquids and the Brønsted sites in H-form zeolites.

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34

Breisig, H., M. Schmidt, H. Wolff, A. Jupke, and M. Wessling. "Droplet-based liquid–liquid extraction inside a porous capillary." Chemical Engineering Journal 307 (January 2017): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.024.

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35

Tanaka, Mina, Shinya Yamanaka, Yoshiyuki Shirakawa, Atsuko Shimosaka, and Jusuke Hidaka. "Preparation of porous particles by liquid–liquid interfacial crystallization." Advanced Powder Technology 22, no. 1 (January 2011): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2010.09.012.

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36

YOU, LIJUN, JIANCHAO CAI, YILI KANG, and LIANG LUO. "A FRACTAL APPROACH TO SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION HEIGHT IN NATURAL POROUS MEDIA." International Journal of Modern Physics C 24, no. 09 (August 18, 2013): 1350063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183113500630.

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Spontaneous imbibition of wetting liquids in porous media is of great importance in many fields. In this paper, an analytical model for characterizing spontaneous imbibition height versus time in natural porous media was derived using fractal approach. The average imbibition height in porous media is in terms of porosity, fractal dimensions, maximum pore size and viscosity, surface tension and liquid–solid interactions. The developed model is consistent with previous results and is tested against available experimental data showing fair agreements.

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37

Carbonell, Montserrat, Luis Virto, and Pedro Gamez-Montero. "Dryout and Replenishment of Bottom-Heated Saturated Porous Media with an Overlying Plain Water Layer." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122607.

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The aim of this paper is to elucidate the influence of the physical properties of both phases—solid matrix and saturating liquid—of bottom-heated porous media with an overlying plain water layer. The dryout, the stability of the system’s water layer-vapor region, and the thermal state evolution are studied. The porous media under study are a bronze powder saturated by water, and a solution of surfactant and coarse sand saturated by the same liquids. From the experimental data obtained, a theoretical approach is carried out to describe the dryout and rewetting process. The influence of the nature and physical properties of the solid and liquid phases is also analyzed, with special attention to the addition of surfactant in the saturating liquid.

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38

Chala, Ayele Teressa, Svatopluk Matula, Kamila Báťková, and František Doležal. "Evaluation of methods for water and non-volatile LNAPL content measurement in porous media." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 1 (January 23, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/80/2018-swr.

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Proper characterization of contaminants in subsurface helps to clean up effectively the contaminated sites. In this study, different methods were used to quantify non-volatile light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) and water from sample columns subjected to different water to LNAPL ratios. The objective of the study was to evaluate methods for porous media water and LNAPL contents analysis. The liquids were sampled from the sample columns using activated carbon pellets (ACP). Sample columns water content was also measured using soil moisture sensors. Dielectric mixing model (DMM) was evaluated for the estimation of LNAPL content after water and LNAPL contents of the sample columns were determined through gravimetric analysis method. The result shows that it was possible to sample both water and LNAPL using ACP proportionally but with high standard deviations. It also shows that more liquid was sampled from sample columns subjected to only one liquid compared to sample columns subjected to two liquids. On the other hand, analysis of water and LNAPL using gravimetric analysis method gave the best result although the presence of LNAPL resulted in underestimation of water content at higher LNAPL contents. Meanwhile, the presence of LNAPL modified the bulk relative permittivity (ε<sub>a</sub>) of the sample columns and resulted in overestimation of water contents measured using soil moisture sensors at higher LNAPL content. The modification of ε<sub>a</sub> was used for the estimation of LNAPL using DMM. The evaluation of the model with known water and LNAPL contents and in estimating the LNAPL content of the other sample columns shows that the model could be used for the proper estimation of LNAPL in porous media.

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39

Sitdikova, L. F., and I. K. Gimaltdinov. "THE PROBLEM OF THE PROPAGATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVES IN A POROUS ENVIRONMENT SATURATED WITH BUBBLE LIQUID." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Mathematics. Mechanics. Physics" 13, no. 1 (2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/mmph210107.

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In many cases, formation fluids contain gas. For example, a gas-liquid mixture in a porous medium is formed during acid treatment of low-permeability zones, during water-gas stimulation of reservoirs, etc. Therefore, it seems relevant to take into account the presence of gas bubbles when studying wave processes in porous media saturated with liquid. In this work, the propagation of acoustic waves in a porous medium saturated with a gas-liquid mixture is theoretically investigated taking into account the interfacial forces of interaction between the liquid and the matrix, and heat transfer between the gas and the liquid. A general system of equations and physical relations is written, which describes the propagation of waves in a porous medium filled with bubble liquid. A dispersion relation is obtained that describes the dependence of the complex wave vector on the frequency, on the basis of which the dependence of the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient on the frequency for “fast” and “slow” waves is investigated. The calculation results make it possible to evaluate the effect of gas bubbles on the propagation of sound waves in a porous medium saturated with bubble liquid. In addition, the results of the work can be used to interpret the data of acoustic sounding of porous media.

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40

Su, Nana, Qingbang Han, Yu Yang, Minglei Shan, and Jian Jiang. "Analysis of Longitudinal Guided Wave Propagation in a Liquid-Filled Pipe Embedded in Porous Medium." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052281.

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To study the leakage situation of a liquid-filled pipe in long-term service, a model of a liquid-filled pipe embedded in an infinite porous medium as well as in a finite porous medium is designed. The principal motivation is to perform detailed quantitative analysis of the longitudinal guided wave propagating in a liquid-filled pipe embedded in a saturated porous medium. The problems of pipeline leakage and porosity as well as the media outside the pipe are solved to identify the characteristics of the guided wave in a more practical model. The characteristics of the guided wave are investigated theoretically and numerically, with special emphasis on the influence of porous medium parameters on the dispersion properties. Assuming the pipe is a cylindrical shell buried in an isotropic, homogeneous, and porous medium, the dispersion equations are established based on the elastic-dynamic equations and the modified Biot liquid-saturated porous theory. The characteristics of dispersion, time-domain waveform and attenuation curves varying with porous medium parameters, wrapping layer material, and thickness, are all analyzed. The increase in porosity decreases the partial mode phase velocity in the liquid-filled pipe embedded in the finite porous medium. The characteristics of attenuation are in good agreement with the dispersion curves and the time-domain waveform results.

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41

Lahiri, Abhishek, Niklas Behrens, Giridhar Pulletikurthi, Arik Yochelis, Edwin Kroke, Tong Cui, and Frank Endres. "Electrochemically induced phase separation and in situ formation of mesoporous structures in ionic liquid mixtures." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaau9663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9663.

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Liquid-liquid phase separation is mainly dependent on temperature and composition. Electric fields have also been shown to influence demixing of binary liquid mixtures. However, a puzzling behavior that remains elusive is the electric field–induced phase separation in ion-containing solvents at low voltages, as predicted by Tsori and Leibler. Here, we report the first experimental study of such a phenomenon in ionic liquid–silane mixtures, which not only results in phase separation at the electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) but also is accompanied by deposition of porous structures of micrometer size on the electrode. This multiscale phenomenon at the EEI was found to be triggered by an electrochemically induced process. Using several analytical methods, we reveal the involved mechanism in which the formation of new Si–N bonds becomes unstable and eventually decomposes into the formation of silane-rich and silane-poor phases. The deposition of porous structures on the electrode surface is therefore a realization of the silane-rich phase. The finding of an electrochemically induced phase separation not only brings a paradigm shift in understanding the EEI in ionic liquids but also provides alternative strategies toward designing porous surfaces.

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42

Rasulov, A., and U. Dalabaev. "Flow in a channel with porous insert." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 990, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/990/1/012027.

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Abstract Filtration of an incompressible liquid (gas) in a non-deformable porou s medium is investigated. The results of numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic features of the flow arising after the passage of the liquid through a layer of an immobile porous medium are presented. An interpenetrating model of multiphase media is used to describe such flows. The porosity and permeability of the porous medium, as well as the force of interfacial interaction, are considered in the framework of compliance with the Kozeny-Karman ratio. The influence of the geometrical shape of the bulk layer on the nature and magnitude of the inhomogeneity of the flow velocity behind the obstacle is shown. Considering the shape of the porous medium significantly affects the flow parameters. Numerical simulation results are compared with experimental data. The effects of the non-uniformity of the fluid velocity field arising from the curvature of the layer surface and the influence of the arising inhomogeneity on the velocity are investigated by the methods of a computational experiment. A qualitative comparison is made of velocity inhomogeneities when a fluid flows through a porous obstacle. For the numerical implementation of the filtration equation of the interpenetrating model, a SIMPLElike algorithm was used.

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43

Sęk, Jerzy, Mariola Błaszczyk, and Michał Bartos. "Hydrodynamic and kinetic study of an elution of a high viscosity liquid from the sand bed using eluent of low viscosity." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0003-4.

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Hydrodynamic and kinetic study of an elution of a high viscosity liquid from the sand bed using eluent of low viscosity The study was aimed to determine the hydrodynamic of water seepage through a porous bed saturated with different amounts of high viscosity liquids. An attempt was made to describe the process of seepage through beds saturated with oils using the theory of outflow of a liquid from the tank. It was assumed that the discharge coefficient will represent changes of flow resistance during the process. It was found that the dependence of this factor on time is linear. In the second part of this work kinetics of the seepage process was investigated. Dependence of oil concentrations, eluted from the deposit with the flowing water, on time has been evaluated. Thanks to these studies it was possible to determine the effectiveness of an elution of high viscosity liquids from porous beds using water as the washing out liquid.

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44

Samanta, A., B. Goyeau, and C. Ruyer-Quil. "A falling film on a porous medium." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 716 (January 25, 2013): 414–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.550.

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AbstractA gravity-driven falling film on a saturated porous inclined plane is studied via a continuum approach, where the liquid and porous layers are considered as a single composite layer. Using a weighted residual technique, a two-equation model is derived in terms of the local flow rate $q(x, t)$ and the entire layer thickness $H(x, t)$. Its linear stability analysis has been satisfactorily compared to the results of the Orr–Sommerfeld problem. The principal effect of the porous substrate on the film flow is to displace the liquid–porous interface to an effective liquid–solid interface located at the lower boundary of the upper momentum boundary layer in the porous medium. The stability and dynamics of the film is thus only weakly affected by the presence of a permeable substrate. In both the linear and the nonlinear regimes, the spatial response of a falling film on a porous medium is not very different from that observed on an impermeable inclined wall. However, the wavy motion of the film triggers a significant exchange of mass at the liquid–porous interface.

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45

Weaver, J. A., and R. Viskanta. "Freezing of Liquid-Saturated Porous Media." Journal of Heat Transfer 108, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3246986.

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The paper reports on an experimental and analytical study of freezing of a liquid-saturated porous medium. Experiments have been performed in a cylindrical capsule cooled from the outside and oriented vertically and horizontally to obtain quantitative temperature distribution and fusion front motion and shape data. Different-size glass and aluminum spherical beads were used for the porous medium, and distilled water was used as the phase-change material. A mathematical model, based on a one-dimensional analysis which considered heat conduction as the only mode of heat transfer in both the solid and liquid regions, has been developed and sensitivity studies have been carried out. Comparison of experimental data with predictions of the solid–liquid interface position and temperature distribution shows good agreement and thus confirms the mathematical model for a system of glass beads and water. However, for a system of aluminum beads and water the thermophysical property model is inadequate, and agreement between predictions and data is relatively poor.

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46

Alnaimi, S. M., J. Mitchell, J. H. Strange, and J. B. W. Webber. "Binary liquid mixtures in porous solids." Journal of Chemical Physics 120, no. 5 (February 2004): 2075–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1643730.

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47

Tsao, Wen-Huai, and Wei-Shien Hwang. "Tuned liquid dampers with porous media." Ocean Engineering 167 (November 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.08.034.

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48

Jugjai, Sumrerng, and Chanin Phothiya. "Liquid fuels-fired porous combustor-heater." Fuel 86, no. 7-8 (May 2007): 1062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.10.007.

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49

Wang, Zhecun, Xiaoqiu Liu, Jing Guo, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Suobo Zhang, and Shenghai Li. "A liquid-based Janus porous membrane for convenient liquid–liquid extraction and immiscible oil/water separation." Chemical Communications 55, no. 96 (2019): 14486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc07593c.

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A novel liquid-based Janus porous membrane system with self-gating abilities, improved interfacial floatability is used for the practical applications of liquid–liquid extraction and oil/water separation with antifouling behavior.

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50

Cheng, Zhenmin, Gang Luo, Yanling Tang, Dan Ling, Zhaoxuan Chen, Peng Liu, and Bo Zhang. "External Wetting Efficiency in a Three-Phase Fixed Bed Loaded with Porous and Non-Porous Packings." Processes 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010135.

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Films and rivulets are the two basic forms of dynamic liquid in a three-phase fixed bed (trickle bed), which determines the wetting efficiency of the catalyst. This paper is devoted to the conflicting wetting performance observed between non-porous glass beads and less wettable porous alumina, and a parallel zone model is applied to resolve the complex liquid flow texture. It shows in both cases of glass beads and aluminium pellets, the pressure drop, film flow and rivulet flow fractions all display pronounced multiplicities along with the liquid flow rates in increasing and decreasing branches, although the rivulet flow fraction is reduced to 0 in the liquid decreasing branch started from pulsing flow in both cases. Different from the glass beads, there is almost no wetting efficiency difference for the alumina pellets with respect to liquid flow rate increasing or decreasing, which is in agreement with the dynamic liquid holdup measurements. The liquid is significantly more uniformly distributed over the crosssection in the Al2O3 bed since rivulet flow is much reduced than in the case of glass beads.

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