Journal articles: 'Porous fibres'

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Bora, Pritom J., Khadija K. Khanum, Riya K. Ramesh, K. J. Vinoy, and Praveen C. Ramamurthy. "Porous fibres of a polymer blend for broadband microwave absorption." Materials Advances 2, no. 11 (2021): 3613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00114k.

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Porous polyvinyl butyral and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate fibers (porous PPPS-f) and non-porous PPPS-f solid fibres were fabricated via electrospinning. The microwave absorption characteristics were investigated for single and bi-layered structures.

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Shen, Wen, Guanghua Zhang, Xuemei Ge, Yali Li, and Guodong Fan. "Effect on electrospun fibres by synthesis of high branching polylactic acid." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 9 (September 2018): 180134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180134.

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Polylactic electrospun porous fibres have been widely used in tissue engineering scaffolds. However, the application of linear polylactic is limited due to its poor hydrophilicity, which leads to phase separation and has been seldom used in porous fibre preparation. Instead, branching polylactic acts as a new effective method to prepare porous fibres because it can increase polylactic polar property and make it easy to be formulated in the following application. In the current study, we prepared an ultra-high molecular weight of high branching polylactic with glycerol as the initiator by controlling the ring-opening polymerization time, adding amount of catalyst and glycerol. The structure, molecular weight and thermal properties of copolymers were tested subsequently. The result showed that the surface of the high branching polylactic films is smooth, hydrophilic and porous. This branching polylactic formed electrospun porous fibres and possessed a strong adsorption of silver ion. Our study provided a simple and efficient way to synthesize branching polylactic polymer and prepare electrospun porous fibres, which may provide potential applications in the field of biomaterials for tissue engineering or antibacterial dressing compared with the application of linear polylactic and 3-arm polylactic materials.

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Printsypar, G., M. Bruna, and I. M. Griffiths. "The influence of porous-medium microstructure on filtration." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 861 (December 27, 2018): 484–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.875.

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We investigate how a filter-medium microstructure influences filtration performance. We derive a theory that generalizes classical multiscale models for regular structures to account for filter media with more realistic microstructures, comprising random microstructures with polydisperse unidirectional fibres. Our multiscale model accounts for the fluid flow and contaminant transport at the microscale (over which the medium structure is fully resolved) and allows us to obtain macroscopic properties such as the effective permeability, diffusivity and fibre surface area. As the fibres grow due to contaminant adsorption, this leads to contact of neighbouring fibres. We propose an agglomeration algorithm that describes the resulting behaviour of the fibres upon contact, allowing us to explore the subsequent time evolution of the filter medium in a simple and robust way. We perform a comprehensive investigation of the influence of the filter-medium microstructure on filter performance in a spectrum of possible filtration scenarios.

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Roberts, Aled D., Jet-Sing M. Lee, Adrián Magaz, Martin W. Smith, Michael Dennis, Nigel S. Scrutton, and Jonny J. Blaker. "Hierarchically Porous Silk/Activated-Carbon Composite Fibres for Adsorption and Repellence of Volatile Organic Compounds." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 7, 2020): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051207.

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Fabrics comprised of porous fibres could provide effective passive protection against chemical and biological (CB) threats whilst maintaining high air permeability (breathability). Here, we fabricate hierarchically porous fibres consisting of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) and activated-carbon (AC) prepared through two fibre spinning techniques in combination with ice-templating—namely cryogenic solution blow spinning (Cryo-SBS) and cryogenic wet-spinning (Cryo-WS). The Cryo-WS RSF fibres had exceptionally small macropores (as low as 0.1 µm) and high specific surface areas (SSAs) of up to 79 m2·g−1. The incorporation of AC could further increase the SSA to 210 m2·g−1 (25 wt.% loading) whilst also increasing adsorption capacity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

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Matharu, Rupy Kaur, Harshit Porwal, Lena Ciric, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "The effect of graphene–poly(methyl methacrylate) fibres on microbial growth." Interface Focus 8, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 20170058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0058.

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A novel class of ultra-thin fibres, which affect microbial growth, were explored. The microbial properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) fibres containing 2, 4 and 8 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were studied. GNPs were dispersed in a polymeric solution and processed using pressurized gyration. Electron microscopy was used to characterize GNP and fibre morphology. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of beaded porous fibres. GNP concentration was found to dictate fibre morphology. As the GNP concentration increased, the average fibre diameter increased from 0.75 to 2.71 µm, while fibre porosity decreased. Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to investigate the properties of 2, 4 and 8 wt% GNP-loaded fibres. GNP-loaded fibres (0 wt%) were used as the negative control. The fibres were incubated for 24 h with the bacteria; bacterial colony-forming units were enumerated by adopting the colony-counting method. The presence of 2 and 4 wt% GNP-loaded fibres promoted microbial growth, while 8 wt% GNP-loaded fibres showed antimicrobial activity. These results indicate that the minimum inhibitory concentration of GNPs required within a fibre is 8 wt%.

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Ahmed, Jubair, Tanveer A. Tabish, Shaowei Zhang, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "Porous Graphene Composite Polymer Fibres." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010076.

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Since the isolation of graphene, there have been boundless pursuits to exploit the many superior properties that this material possesses; nearing the two-decade mark, progress has been made, but more is yet to be done for it to be truly exploited at a commercial scale. Porous graphene (PG) has recently been explored as a promising membrane material for polymer composite fibres. However, controlling the incorporation of high surface area PG into polymer fibres remain largely unexplored. Additionally, most polymer-graphene composites suffer from low production rates and yields. In this paper, graphene-loaded microfibres, which can be produced at a very high rate and yield have been formed with a carrier polymer, polycaprolactone. For the first time, PG has been incorporated into polymer matrices produced by a high-output manufacturing process and analysed via multiple techniques; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Raman spectra showed that single layer graphene structures were achieved, evidence for which was also backed up by the other techniques. Fibres with an average diameter ranging from 3–8 μm were produced with 3–5 wt% PG. Here, we show how PG can be easily processed into polymeric fibres, allowing for widespread use in electrical and ultrafiltration systems

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Mu, Hai Bo, Gui Zeng Hao, Xiao Wei Li, and Bo Meng. "Preparation and Properties of Asymmetric Porous Aluminium-Oxide Ceramic Hollow Fibre Membranes." Key Engineering Materials 537 (January 2013): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.537.87.

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Asymmetric porous aluminium-oxide ceramic hollow fibre membranes have been prepared by the phase inversion / sintering technique. The effect of non-solvent such as ethanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol monomethylether(2-methoxyethanol) on the geometry and performance of hollow fibres was investigated. Morphologies of Al2O3 ceramic hollow fibre membranes were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effective porosity and the mechanical strength were determined by Archimedes method, and three point method, respectively. The prepared Al2O3 hollow fibre membranes show the asymmetric structure with a finger-like layer and a sponge-like layer. The effective porosity of the prepared hollow fibre membranes exceeds 47%, and the bending strength of the hollow membranes exceeds 63 MPa. The Al2O3 hollow fibre membranes with moderate permeation characteristics for gas and pure water are prepared by the introduction of nonsolvent in membrane casting solution. The separation factors of H2 to N2 or CO2 of the hollow fibers with nonsolvent are over 2.0.

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Tsarouchas, Dimitris. "Qualitative and Quantitative Architecture Characterisation of Porous Materials." Key Engineering Materials 495 (November 2011): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.495.134.

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Amethod for extracting accuratemicrostructural information fromheterogeneousmaterialsusing micro Computed Tomography (CT) is presented. A highly porous fibrous structure is used asa case study. The proposed method includes a filtering step to increase the resolution of the gray-scaleslices, a local segmentation step to accurately separate the fibres from the background and a thinningprocedure to simplify the structure and extract quantitative statistics such as the number of fibre jointsper fibre, fibre orientation and segment length (sections between joints) distributions.

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Schiek, Richard L., and Eric S. G. Shaqfeh. "A nonlocal theory for stress in bound, Brownian suspensions of slender, rigid fibres." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 296 (August 10, 1995): 271–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095002138.

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A nonlocal theory for stress in bound suspensions of rigid, slender fibres is developed and used to predict the rheology of dilute, rigid polymer suspensions when confined to capillaries or fine porous media. Because the theory is nonlocal, we describe transport in a fibre suspension where the velocity and concentration fields change rapidly on the fibre's characteristic length. Such rapid changes occur in a rigidly bound domain because suspended particles are sterically excluded from configurations near the boundaries. A rigorous no-flux condition resulting from the presence of solid boundaries around the suspension is included in our nonlocal stress theory and naturally gives rise to concentration gradients that scale on the length of the particle. Brownian motion of the rigid fibres is included within the nonlocal stress through a Fokker–Planck description of the fibres’ probability density function where gradients of this function are proportional to Brownian forces and torques exerted on the suspended fibres. This governing Fokker–Planck probability density equation couples the fluid flow and the nonlocal stress resulting in a nonlinear set of integral-differential equations for fluid stress, fluid velocity and fibre probability density. Using the method of averaged equations (Hinch 1977) and slender-body theory (Batchelor 1970), the system of equations is solved for a dilute suspension of rigid fibres experiencing flow and strong Brownian motion while confined to a gap of the same order in size as the fibre's intrinsic length. The full solution of this problem, as the fluid in the gap undergoes either simple shear or pressure-driven flow, is solved self-consistently yielding average fluid velocity, shear and normal stress profiles within the gap as well as the probability density function for the fibres’ position and orientation. From these results we calculate concentration profiles, effective viscosities and slip velocities and compare them to experimental data.

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Kuranska, Maria, and Aleksander Prociak. "Porous polyurethane composites with natural fibres." Composites Science and Technology 72, no. 2 (January 2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.11.016.

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Jones, A. F., I. B. Parker, and M. H. Stacey. "SANS studies from porous alumina fibres." Journal of Applied Crystallography 24, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889891003266.

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12

Lu, Zihan, Qasim Zia, Jinmin Meng, Ting Liu, Jun Song, and Jiashen Li. "Hierarchical porous poly(l-lactic acid)/SiO2 nanoparticles fibrous membranes for oil/water separation." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 34 (September 2, 2020): 16096–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05115-2.

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Abstract A two-step strategy has been developed to introduce silica nanoparticles into highly porous poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were firstly synthesized and then modified to be hydrophobic. After PLLA/SiNPs composite fibrous membranes were electrospun and collected, they were re-crystallized by acetone at room temperature for a few minutes. With the re-arrangement of PLLA chains, the nano-/micro-electrospun fibres were transformed from non-porous ones to be porous ones with high surface area. Consequently, SiNPs that were completely covered by PLLA before acetone treatment showed up at the fibre surface. Higher PLLA crystallization also enhanced the Young’s modulus and tensile strength (420 and 8.47 MPa) of the composite membrane. However, incorporation of SiNPs into porous PLLA membranes reduced their modulus and tensile strength (280.66 and 5.92 MPa), but an increase in strain to fracture (80.82%) was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam SEM, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were applied to confirm the presence of SiNP in PLLA fibres. The presence of SiNPs inside and outside fibres enhances the hydrophobicity of PLLA/SiNPs nano-fibrous membrane as the water contact angle is greater than 150°. The oil absorption of these porous composite membranes was also tested using four different oils, which can reach the highest absorption capacity when the weight ratio of PLLA and SiNPs is 1:1. The flux of prepared membranes was investigated, and results indicated that SiNPs-loaded membrane effectively enhanced the flux (5200 Lm−2 h−1).

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Eichhorn, Stephen J., and William W. Sampson. "Statistical geometry of pores and statistics of porous nanofibrous assemblies." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2, no. 4 (May 18, 2005): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0039.

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The application of theoretical models to describe the structure of the types of fibrous network produced by the electrospinning of polymers for use in tissue engineering and a number of other applications is presented. Emphasis is placed on formal analyses of the pore size distribution and porosities that one would encounter with such structures and the nature of their relationships with other structural characteristics likely to be important for the performance of nanofibrous materials. The theoretical structures considered result from interactions between randomly placed straight rods that represent fibres with nanoscale dimensions. The dominant role of fibre diameter in controlling the pore diameter of the networks is shown and we discuss the perhaps counter-intuitive finding that at a given network mass per unit area and porosity, increasing fibre diameter results in an increase in mean pore radius. Larger pores may be required for ingrowth of cells to nanofibrous networks, hence this study clarifies that simply making the diameters of the fibres smaller might not be the way to improve cell proliferation on such substrates. An extensive review of structural features of the network such as the distribution of mass, inter-fibre contacts and available surface for cell attachment, fibre contact distributions for integrity of the networks and the porosity and pore size distributions is given, with emphasis placed on nanofibre dimensions for the first time.

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Nguyen, Thanh Trung, and Buddhima Indraratna. "Hydraulic behaviour of parallel fibres under longitudinal flow: a numerical treatment." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 7 (July 2016): 1081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0213.

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Modelling fluid flow through fibrous porous materials has gained increasing attention from industry and research communities. Analytical and numerical methods are commonly used to predict the hydraulic characteristics of fibrous material during fluid flow, although to date most techniques have been conducted using the same assumption that the geometric features of fibres remain unchanged. In other words, the mutual interaction between fibre elements and fluid is ignored, which undermines the actual working condition of fibres. This paper therefore presents a potential numerical approach that is capable of capturing the behaviour of a fluid–solid system. Individual fibres are simulated by the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with the concept of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), whereby the information contained in each phase is constantly exchanged and updated with other phases. In comparison with conventional solutions, including the Kozeny–Carman (K–C) fluid flow principle and other valid studies, the results show an acceptable agreement in predicting the hydraulic conductivity of a fibrous system. Subjected to laminar longitudinal flow, fibre motion is also evaluated with respect to varying bond stiffness and flow velocity. The study indicates the potential of the proposed technique in modelling drainage and filtration that is based on the hydraulic behaviour of fibrous porous geomaterials.

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Mathew, Merin, Kamalakanth Shenoy, and Ravishankar K. S. "Evaluation of Porosity and Water Sorption in Conventionally Cured Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin - An In Vitro Study." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 13 (March 29, 2021): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/201.

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BACKGROUND Dimensional change and porosity in the polymethylmethacrylate based prosthesis affects its clinical performance. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the porosity and water sorption present in the modified polymethyl methacrylate polymer composite. METHODS Control group without fibre reinforcement and test groups with fibre reinforcement were prepared for the study. Three different fibres such as boron free-E glass fibre, untreated and plasma-treated polypropylene fibres in varying weight percentage and aspect ratio were considered for reinforcement. The porosity of the fractured surface was observed through a scanning electron microscope (scanning electron microscope) and sorption measured based on international standards organization (ISO) 1567:1999. RESULTS Control group exhibited porous structures, whereas all fibre-reinforced groups did not exhibit porous structure at the fracture surface. There was a significant difference in the sorption rate between control and test group (p < 0.001). Among fibrereinforced test groups, boron free E glass fibre reinforced polymethylmethacrylate exhibited maximum sorption followed by polypropylene fibre reinforced polymer test groups (p < 0.001). However, all samples showed sorption rate within the ISO specification. CONCLUSIONS Fiber reinforcement is an effective method to reduce porosity and water sorption in polymethylmethacrylate based polymer composite regardless of the fibre type. KEY WORDS Polymer Composite, Porosity, Water Sorption, Fiber Reinforcement, Polymethylmethacrylate

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Potter, C. D. "Porous Acrylic Fibres for Controlled Release Applications." Journal of Coated Fabrics 18, no. 4 (April 1989): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152808378901800407.

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Ferreira Luz, F., Sandro Campos Amico, A. de Lima Cunha, E. Santos Barbosa, and Antônio Gilson Barbosa de Lima. "Applying Computational Analysis in Studies of Resin Transfer Moulding." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.158.

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Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) as it is most known process in the Resin Injections family, is an extensively studied and used processing method. This process is used to manufacture advanced composite materials made of fibres embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix. Fibre reinforcement in RTM processing of polymer composites is considered as a fibrous porous medium regarding its infiltration by the polymer resin. In this sense, the present work aims the computational analysis of a fluid in a porous media for a RTM composite moulding by using the ANSYS CFX® commercial software. In order to validate the numerical study of the fluid flow in a known RTM system, experiments was carried out in laboratory to characterize the fluid (vegetal oil) flowing into the porous media (0/90 glass fibre woven), were pressure and fibre volume fraction have been fixed. The numerical simulation provides information about volume fraction, pressure and velocity distribution of the phases (resin and air) inside the porous media. The predicted results were compared with the experimental data and its has shown a solid relationship between them.

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Chen, Yi, Fang Fang, Robert Abbel, Meeta Patel, and Kate Parker. "Rapid Fabrication of Renewable Carbon Fibres by Plasma Arc Discharge and Their Humidity Sensing Properties." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051911.

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Submicron-sized carbon fibres have been attracting research interest due to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. However, the non-renewable resources and their complex fabrication processes limit the scalability and pose difficulties for the utilisation of these materials. Here, we investigate the use of plasma arc technology to convert renewable electrospun lignin fibres into a new kind of carbon fibre with a globular and porous microstructure. The influence of arc currents (up to 60 A) on the structural and morphological properties of as-prepared carbon fibres is discussed. Owing to the catalyst-free synthesis, high purity micro-structured carbon fibres with nanocrystalline graphitic domains are produced. Furthermore, the humidity sensing characteristics of the treated fibres at room temperature (23 °C) are demonstrated. Sensors produced from these carbon fibres exhibit good humidity response and repeatability in the range of 30% to 80% relative humidity (RH) and an excellent sensitivity (0.81/%RH) in the high RH regime (60–80%). These results demonstrate that the plasma arc technology has great potential for the development of sustainable, lignin-based carbon fibres for a broad range of application in electronics, sensors and energy storage.

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Stankovic, Snezana, Dusan Popovic, and Goran Poparic. "Thermal properties of directionally oriented polymer fibrous materials as a function of fibre arrangement at mesoscopic level." Thermal Science 23, no. 5 Part B (2019): 3117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci181011105s.

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Thermal properties of directionally oriented fibrous materials have been investigated in this research with the purpose of considering the influence of fibre arrangement at mesoscopic level. The range of various distributions of fibres in the fibrous materials was obtained by applying different twist intensity during spinning of cotton fibres. From various twisted cotton yarns the knitted fabrics were produced under controlled conditions, so as to obtain as similar as possible constructions. This made possible to obtain the heterogeneity of the porous fibrous structures coming from the mesoscopic level. Thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient of the materials were investigated. The results obtained indicate the arrangement of fibres (or their compactness, orientation and migration), which, in turn, was determined by twist intensity (mesoscopic scale), as the key factor influencing thermal properties. Yarn compactness and fibre migration, determined by lateral forces imposed by the twist inserted in yarn, affected variations in structural parameters of the knitted fabrics, and thus influenced their thermal properties. Fibre orientation manifested itself in surface geometry of the yarn was also proved to have a considerable influence on heat transfer properties.

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Sahri, Mohd Hamami, Faridah Hanum Ibrahim, and Nor Aini Ab Shukor. "Anatomy of Acacia Mangium Grown in Malaysia." IAWA Journal 14, no. 3 (1993): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001326.

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A study on the tissue proportions and fibre dimensions of plantation-grown Acacia mangium was carried out. Ten selected trees from two age groups (4- and 8-year-old) were obtained from plantation forests in Selangor. Disks were taken from four sampling heights. Acacia mangium wood is diffuse-porous with mostly solitary vessels. The rays are uniseriate. The average percentage of fibres, vessels and rays of 4-year-old and 8-year-old samples are 85.8%, 9.1%, 5.2% and 84.8%, 9.8%, 5.3%, respectively. Acacia is a shortfibred tropical species. The average fibre length, fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter and fibre wall thickness are 934, 24, 17 and 3.3 µm for 4-year-old samples and 1017,20, 12 and 4.3 µm for 8-year-old sampies, respectively. The sampies near the pith have the shortest fibres and the length increases toward the bark. Fibre length also tends to decrease with height. The vessel percentage decreases with increasing height.

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Sousa, Vicelina B., Sofia Cardoso, and Helena Pereira. "Age trends in the wood anatomy of Quercus faginea." IAWA Journal 35, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000067.

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The wood anatomy of Quercus faginea, an oak native to the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb in Africa, is described and age trends of fibres and ray dimensions are recorded. The analysis was made on a total of 20 trees from two different sites in Portugal. The wood structure within both sites was similar. Quercus faginea shares its microscopic characteristics with other species of the white oak group; i.e., it was not easily distinguishable from other European oaks. The wood is ring porous with wide multiseriate rays and a high proportion of fibres and vasicentric tracheids. There was an increase of fibre and ray dimensions from the pith outwards. Fibre length started to stabilize around 30 years of age up to 50–60 years and decreased afterwards under a traditional rotation period (100–150 years). Linear and polynomial adjustments fitted better the fibre variation at younger and older ages, respectively. Rays were quite homogeneous within the trees. Cambial age accounted less to total variation than individual trees at both sites; i.e., tree-to-tree variation is greater than variation related to maturation or cambial age. The average dimensions of fibres and rays were similar between sites.

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Vandeweerdt, P., R. De Cooman, H. Berghmans, and H. Meijer. "Gel spinning of porous poly(methyl methacrylate) fibres." Polymer 35, no. 23 (November 1994): 5141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(94)90678-5.

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Katsogiannis, Konstantinos Alexandros G., Goran T. Vladisavljević, and Stella Georgiadou. "Porous electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibres by phase separation." European Polymer Journal 69 (August 2015): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.028.

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Huang, C., and N. L. Thomas. "Fabricating porous poly(lactic acid) fibres via electrospinning." European Polymer Journal 99 (February 2018): 464–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.025.

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Stoeckli, F., T. A. Centeno, A. B. Fuertes, and J. Muñiz. "Porous structure of polyarylamide-based activated carbon fibres." Carbon 34, no. 10 (1996): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(96)00088-7.

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Chang, Sooyoung, Jaedeok Seo, Seokbin Hong, Duck-Gyu Lee, and Wonjung Kim. "Dynamics of liquid imbibition through paper with intra-fibre pores." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 845 (April 20, 2018): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.235.

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We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the dynamics of liquid imbibition through paper. The Washburn equation is widely used to describe the dynamics of capillary flow through paper, but this classical model has limited accuracy, which often makes it difficult to use in developing analytic systems such as paper-based microfluidic devices. We here report that the internal cavity of the cellulose fibres composing paper is significantly responsible for the limited accuracy of the Washburn equation. Our experiments demonstrated that liquid can be absorbed in the internal cavity of the cellulose fibres as well as in the inter-fibre pores formed by the fibre network. We developed a mathematical model for liquid imbibition by considering the flow through the intra-fibre pores based on experimental measurements of the intra-structure of cellulose fibres. The model markedly improves the prediction of the liquid absorption length, compared with the results of the Washburn equation, thus revealing the physics behind the limits of the Washburn equation. This study suggests that the accurate description of capillary imbibition through paper require parameters characterizing the internal pores of the cellulose fibres comprising the paper. Our results not only provide a new insight into porous media flows with different sized pores, but also provide a theoretical background for flow control in paper-based microfluidic systems.

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Arbab, Shahram, A. Zeinolebadi, and Parviz Noorpanah. "Exploring the Thermodynamic Aspects of Structure Formation During Wet-Spinning of Polyacrylonitrile Fibres." International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical Engineering 1, no. 2 (July 2011): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcce.2011070103.

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Wet-spun polyacrylonitrile fibres are the main precursor for high strength carbon fibres. The properties of carbon fibres strongly depend on the structure of the precursor fibre. Polyacrylonitrile fibres were spun from solutions with varying solvent/nonsolvent content and different draw ratios. Wet-spinning is an immersion precipitation process, thus thermodynamic affinity of spinning dope to the coagulation medium was considered as the driving force of phase-separation, while viscosity of the solution accounted for the resistive force against phase separation and growth of the nucleated voids. Thermodynamic affinity was estimated by modifying Ruaan’s theory and viscosity of the solution was assessed on-line by measuring flow rate and back pressure at the spinneret. Hence, the parameter X (thermodynamic affinity/viscosity) was introduced to predict the porous morphology of the fibres. Generally, an increase in X led to fibres with higher porosity. A combination of electron scanning microscopy (SEM), porosimetry and thermoporometry was applied to fully characterize microstructure of fibres. Based on image analysis of SEM micrographs and data obtained from thermoporometry and porosimetry fractions of dense polymer ligament, micrometer size voids (macrovoids) and nanometer size voids (nanovoids) were estimated. Increasing polymer content or nonsolvent content in the spinning dope caused an increase in the solution viscosity and resulted in fibres with lower porosity. Imposing drawing on the as-spun fibres further decreased the porosity. Drawing also shifted the size distribution of nanovoids toward smaller values.

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Li, Hui, Zhe Wang, Haiyan Zhang, and Zhijuan Pan. "Nanoporous PLA/(Chitosan Nanoparticle) Composite Fibrous Membranes with Excellent Air Filtration and Antibacterial Performance." Polymers 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101085.

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Particulate matter (PM) pollution, which usually carries viruses and bacteria, has drawn considerable attention as a major threat to public health. In this present study, an environment-friendly antibacterial Poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/chitosan composite air filter was fabricated using the one-step electrospinning technique. The composite PLA/chitosan fibres show a highly porous structure, in which chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were found to be uniformly distributed throughout the entire fibre. The morphologies, through-pore size and distribution, air filtration and anti-microbial properties of these filter media were studied. The results showed that it was not the chitosan content but instead the concentration of the spinning solutions that had the greatest effect on the morphologies of the porous fibres. The relative humidity influenced the nanometre-scale pores on the surface of PLA/chitosan fibres. The PLA/chitosan fibrous membranes with a chitosan to PLA mass ratio of 2.5:8 exhibited a high filtration efficiency of 98.99% and a relatively low pressure drop (147.60 Pa) when the air flow rate was 14 cm/s, while these also had high antibacterial activity of 99.4% and 99.5% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. It took 33 min for the PM2.5 concentration to decrease to 0 μg/m3 from 999 μg/m3 using the PLA/chitosan fibrous membranes, which demonstrates obviously effective air purification performance.

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Abessolo, Dieudonné, Achille Bernard Biwole, Didier Fokwa, Bernard Morino Ganou Koungang, and Yembe Benjamin Baah. "Physical, Mechanical and Hygroscopic Behaviour of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Cement and Reinforced with Bamboo Fibres." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 59 (March 15, 2022): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-spbskv.

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This paper describes the physical, mechanical, and hygroscopic behaviour of compressed earth bricks (CEB) reinforced with fibres of Bambusa vulgaris. Three fibre contents (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.%) and lengths of fibre (4, 5 and 6 cm) were considered as reinforcement for the compressed earth blocks based on cement stabilisation with 8.0% of the weight of the mixture. CEB composites were compacted with a static loading by applying a compacting stress of 15 MPa. Results show that the appropriate addition of Bamboo fibres can improve mechanical properties of CEBs. In particular, the compressive strength increases by 43.6%, at an optimum fibre content of 0.5 wt.% and at a length of 4 cm. The compressive strength also increases of 24.6% and 25.6% for a fibre content of 0.75 wt.% at 4 cm long and for 0.5 wt.% at 5 cm long respectively. The flexural strength also increases with increase in fibre content and length of fibre. The highest value of flexural strength is obtained with CEB containing 1.0 wt.% of fibre content while the lowest value is obtained with blocks without reinforcement. For the water absorption, there is an increase by 18.4, 25.1 and 27.6% when the fibre content increases by 0 to 1.0 wt.% for fibres length of 4, 5 and 6 cm long, respectively. However, as the fibre content and length increase, the density decreases, and the porosity and water absorption increase due to their porous character and hydrophilic.

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30

Han, De Zhi, Xiao Yao Tan, Zi Feng Yan, and Shao Min Liu. "Enhanced Oxygen Permeation of Pt-Modified La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-α Hollow Fibre Membranes." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.630.

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Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α(LSCF) hollow fibre membranes were fabricated by a combined phase inversion and sintering technique. The prepared membrane possessed a novel structure consisting of only one thin dense layer and one porous layer. A porous layer of platinum was coated on the outer surface of the hollow fibres to improve the surface exchange reactions. Oxygen permeation fluxes through both the original and modified hollow fibre membranes were measured under air/He gradients at different temperature. The results indicated that the oxygen permeation fluxes can be improved from the initial values of 0.17-1.58 ml cm-2min-1in the original hollow fibre membrane to 0.29-3.99 ml cm-2min-1in the Pt-modified membrane in the temperature range of 750-950 °C. An oxygen spillover mechanism has been put forward to explain the effect of Pt on the improvement of oxygen permeation fluxes.

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Putthithanad, Pimpaka, Tidapa Rattanaumpa, Thidarat Pandhumas, and Surangkhana Budsombat. "Sensitive 2,4-dinitrotoluene fluorescence sensors based on porous electrospun fibres and porous membranes." ScienceAsia 45, no. 1 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2019.45.036.

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32

Zampogna, Giuseppe A., and Alessandro Bottaro. "Fluid flow over and through a regular bundle of rigid fibres." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 792 (February 29, 2016): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.66.

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The interaction between a fluid flow and a transversely isotropic porous medium is described. A homogenized model is used to treat the flow field in the porous region, and different interface conditions, needed to match solutions at the boundary between the pure fluid and the porous regions, are evaluated. Two problems in different flow regimes (laminar and turbulent) are considered to validate the system, which includes inertia in the leading-order equations for the permeability tensor through a Oseen approximation. The components of the permeability, which characterize microscopically the porous medium and determine the flow field at the macroscopic scale, are reasonably well estimated by the theory, both in the laminar and the turbulent case. This is demonstrated by comparing the model’s results to both experimental measurements and direct numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations which resolve the flow also through the pores of the medium.

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33

Wang, Bei, Junyan Yao, Haoyu Wang, and Mengqi Wang. "Construction of a ternary system: a strategy for the rapid formation of porous poly(lactic acid) fibers." RSC Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 6476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00018k.

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Combining electrospinning technology with ESP-NIPS, using chloroform as a solvent and absolute ethanol as a nonsolvent, poly(lactic acid) porous fibres are prepared within 5–10 s. This preparation provides a new resolution for the rapid formation of porous polymer materials.

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34

Baizhong, Li, B. J. H. ter Welle, and R. K. W. M. Klaassen. "Wood Anatomy of Trees and Shrubs from China Vii. Sapindaceae." IAWA Journal 16, no. 2 (1995): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001403.

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The wood anatomy of 24 species belonging to 18 genera of the Sapindaceae native to China is described. Despite the wood anatomical homogeneity of the Chinese taxa of the family, it is possible to key out individual genera as long as the unknown material is confined to Chinese species. In general, the wood of Sapindaceae is characterised by diffuse-porous vessel distribution, simple perforations, alternate intervessei pits, comrnonly septate libriform fibres, usually scanty paratracheal parenchyma, mainly uniseriate rays and prismatic crystals common in chambered parenchyma and or fibres. The two taxa from temperate regions are ring-porous.

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35

Ncube, Sizo, Chu Yang Zhang, Edison Omollo, and Li Liu. "Effect of Time and Temperature when Removing PVA from a PET/PVA Nonwoven Material." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.188.

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The study examined the effect of heat and time on fabrics made from polyester (PET) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres which have different aerial densities and composed of 90% and 10% of PET and PVA respectively. PVA is included in the fabric due to its water solubility and this will allow the PVA to be removed thereby leaving a more porous fabric. The fabrics were passed through needle punching machine and PVA removed by heating in a water bath. The nonwoven fibre was then heated in water at temperatures of 75, 85 and 100 °C in an effort to remove the PVA fibres and leave a more porous fabric. While removing the PVA through heating in a water bath, the effect of heating period and the temperature on the fabric properties was investigated. The strength, elongation and structure of the fabric were investigated and the changes analysed. It was found that there was a significant removal of PVA at longer periods of time when at a high temperature. The effect on the properties was found to be higher with higher temperatures as well with a decrease in strength ranging between 40% and 60% being experienced while an increase in elongation, between 60% and 90% was experienced. Fibre spacing and pore size was found to have increased as well.

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36

Cucharero, Jose, Sara Ceccherini, Thad Maloney, Tapio Lokki, and Tuomas Hänninen. "Sound absorption properties of wood-based pulp fibre foams." Cellulose 28, no. 7 (March 7, 2021): 4267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03774-1.

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Abstract In this study, sound absorbing materials were produced through foam forming technique using hardwood and softwood pulps with varying chemical composition, ultrastructural, and morphological properties as raw materials. The sound absorption properties of the produced foams were measured and related to the ultrastructure and the morphology of the pulp fibres. All the fibre foams provided sound absorption properties comparable to those of conventional porous materials used for acoustic purposes. In general, further processing, as well as smaller fibre dimensions contribute to improve the sound absorption properties of the pulp fibre foams. The results provide valuable insight on the optimization of wood-based sound absorbing materials. Graphic abstract

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37

Nagrath, Malvika, Alireza Rahimnejad Yazdi, Aran Rafferty, Dermot Daly, Saeed Ur Rahman, Reid C. Gallant, Heyu Ni, Praveen R. Arany, and Mark R. Towler. "Tantalum-containing meso-porous glass fibres for hemostatic applications." Materials Today Communications 27 (June 2021): 102260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102260.

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38

Macajová, Eva. "Manufacturing and Evaluation of Porous PLA Nano/Micro Fibres." Defect and Diffusion Forum 368 (July 2016): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.368.146.

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This study is mainly focused on the study of pore size and shape, fibre diameter and also on the optimization of polymer solution composition and electrospinning parameters with respect to the final structure and morphology of PLA nano/microfibrous layers. The nano/microfibres were produced by electrospinning from the needle. Except the spinning process parameters, the morphology of nanofibrous layers can be also affected by the composition of the polymer solution and by the used solvents. Variations in technological process allows us to design the shape and form of nanofibrous structures upon request. The morphology of nano/microfibres was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Following image analysis and calculation enables the assessment of porosity contribution to the increase in micro/nanofibre surface area.

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Huong, P. V., P. H. Khoi, N. T. T. Tam, P. L. P. Hoa, and L. T. C. Tuong. "A Raman spectroscopic study of photoluminescent porous silicon fibres." International Journal of Inorganic Materials 1, no. 3-4 (September 1999): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1466-6049(99)00032-x.

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40

Berghmans, S. "Spinning of hollow porous fibres via the TIPS mechanism." Journal of Membrane Science 116, no. 2 (August 7, 1996): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(96)00037-3.

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41

Afonso, Márcia Lopes, Marisa Dinis-Almeida, and Cristina Sena Fael. "Study of the porous asphalt performance with cellulosic fibres." Construction and Building Materials 135 (March 2017): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.222.

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42

Chen, Yijun, James G. Boyd, and Mohammad Naraghi. "Porous fibres with encapsulated functional materials and tunable release." Journal of Microencapsulation 34, no. 4 (May 19, 2017): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2017.1341562.

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43

Tiainen, Peter, Per-Erik Gustavsson, Mats-Olle Månsson, and Per-Olof Larsson. "Plasmid purification using non-porous anion-exchange silica fibres." Journal of Chromatography A 1149, no. 2 (May 2007): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.114.

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44

Sakai, Shinji, Yousuke Takagi, Yusuke Yamada, Tetsu Yamaguchi, and Koei Kawakami. "Reinforcement of porous alginate scaffolds by incorporating electrospun fibres." Biomedical Materials 3, no. 3 (August 8, 2008): 034102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034102.

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45

Berti, L. F., Carlos R. Rambo, E. Bazzo, R. Janβen, and Dachamir Hotza. "RBMAO: A Novel Route for Porous Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.568.

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This work reports on a novel route to produce porous matrixes for fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites. This route relies on a reaction bonding process involving an intermediary carbide phase with subsequent oxidation. A slurry was prepared by mixing mullite powder, phenolic resin and aluminium powder in ethanol, which was used to impregnate Nextel fibres 610 (3M) by dip coating under ultrasonic vibration. The composites were vacuum-dried and submitted to a thermal treatment that consisted of a reaction step at 1250°C in Ar-atmosphere to convert the phenolic resin into carbon, which reacted with aluminium, leading to a carbide phase. The samples were then oxidized at 1250°C for 1h in air and subsequently sintered at 1300°C for 2h. Mechanical properties of composites and of matrix were determined at room temperature by 3-and 4-point bending tests, respectively. The microstructure of the composites was evaluated by optical-and scanning electronic microscopy, which revealed an apparent flawless microstructure.

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46

Baas, Pieter, and Fritz H. Schweingruber. "Ecological Trends in the Wood Anatomy of Trees, Shrubs and Climbers from Europe." IAWA Journal 8, no. 3 (1987): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001053.

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Ecological trends for occurrence of certain vessel, tracheid and fibre characteristics. have been analysed for 505 species (belonging to 221 genera and 71 families) from Europe, Cyprus, and Madeira. Macroclimatic gradients from boreal, via temperate to mediterranean are strongly related with a decreasing incidence of scalariform perforations, (almost) exclusively solitary vessels, and fibre-tracheids (i. e., fibres with distinctly bordered pits). In this sequence the incidence of different vessel size classes (vessel dimorphism) and vascular tracheids increases. Ring-porous tendencies and spiral vessei thickenings have their peaks in the temperate zone. The subtropical flora of Madeira shows low values for the percentage of species with any of the above attributes.

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Liu, Ju An, Yan Cheng, Lei Zhu, Xu Yu Jian, Zhong Wang, and Hai Jun Yu. "Preparation for the Hollow Nickel Fibres of the Positive Current Collector by Electroless Plating Technique." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.492.

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In this experiment, electroless plating method was used to obtain the hollow nickel fibres. Polyacrylonitrile fibres with the diameter about 10μm and 3mm length were chosen as the templates of electroless-plating through screening and optimizing various fibres. Low temperature alkaline solution with the sodium hypophosphite as the reducer was adopted and the optimal parameters were determined. Polyacrylonitrile composite fibres with a dense nickel coating about 5~7 μm thickness were obtained. The plated fibres were then sintered in the air to remove the organic templates. It had been found that the sintering temperature had great influences on the formation of the hollow fibres. The Polyacrylonitrile fibres could not be removed completely at low temperature (300°C), and when the temperature increased to 400°C, no organic fibres could be observed from SEM and the hollow nickel oxide fibres with dense wall were obtained. However, when the sintering temperature further increased to 500°C, great changes had been found, the hollow fibres with brittle porous wall were obtained. A dense and uniform hollow nickel fibres with nickel content higher than 90% were finally obtained after the hydrogen reduction treatment at the temperature of 750°C for 2 hours.

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Wang, Mingming, Xiaoyao Tan, Xiaobin Wang, Bo Meng, and Shaomin Liu. "Asymmetric nickel hollow fibres as the catalytic membrane reactor for CO2 hydrogenation into syngas." Chemical Communications 55, no. 29 (2019): 4226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc00082h.

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Si, Chen, Zhu Ge Yan, and De Ping Xu. "Influencing Factors and New Developments of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.62.

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This paper presents a discussion of factors affecting the performance of fly ash based geopolymer, and some recent innovations on fly ash based geopolymer. The characteristics of fly ash based geopolymer are discussed in terms of the effects of raw material selection, alkaline activators, and curing procedures. Nowadays, researchers have used geopolymer as a cementitious material to develop innovative geopolymer materials, such as porous, fibre reinforced and foam fly ash based geopolymer concrete, which are greener than the traditional cementitious material. The high-calcium fly ashes could be used to produce porous fly ash based geopolymer composites with satisfactory mechanical properties. The addition of fibres increases greatly the ductility of geopolymer. Foam can be added to the geopolymeric mixture to produce lightweight concrete. However, the manufacturing of fly ash-based geopolymer foam concrete has not been explored too much.

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Xu, Shi, Xueyan Liu, Amir Tabaković, and Erik Schlangen. "The Prospect of Microwave Heating: Towards a Faster and Deeper Crack Healing in Asphalt Pavement." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030507.

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Microwave heating has been shown to be an effective method of heating asphalt concrete and in turn healing the damage. As such, microwave heating holds great potential in rapid (1–3 min) and effective damage healing, resulting in improvement in the service life, safety, and sustainability of asphalt pavement. This study focused on the microwave healing effect on porous asphalt concrete. Steel wool fibres were incorporated into porous asphalt to improve the microwave heating efficiency, and the optimum microwave heating time was determined. Afterwards, the microwave healing efficiency was evaluated using a semi–circular bending and healing programme. The results show that the microwave healing effect is largely determined by the steel fibre content and the mix design of the porous asphalt concrete.. Besides, the uneven heating effect of microwave contributes to an unstable damage recovery in the asphalt mixture, which makes it less efficient than induction heating. However, microwaves exhibited the ability to penetrate further into the depth of the test specimen and heat beneath the surface, indicating deeper damage recovery prospects.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Porous fibres'

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