Journal articles: 'Porirua'

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Taankink, Jasmine, and Hugo Robinson. "Dispossession and Gentrification in the Porirua Redevelopment." Counterfutures 9 (March 7, 2021): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v9.6776.

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Porirua East is currently undergoing a state-led gentrification project under the guise of ‘regeneration’. Residents of Porirua East saw what happened in other areas like Glen Innes and, anticipating this threat, formed Housing Action Porirua (HAP). Contextualising the Porirua redevelopment within a broader history of colonisation and racist exploitation, we outline the redevelopment to date and give a history of displacement and dispossession of iwi, and later migrant workers, in Porirua. We chart HAP’s struggle for the community and outline the group’s five demands for a true regeneration that honours te Tiriti o Waitangi, protects the earth, and ensures that no whānau are displaced. We urge that the expansion of state housing is a critical demand for working-class communities which, if guided by te Tiriti, also has the potential to concretely restore mana and rangatiratanga to tangata whenua.

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Roach, Elyjana. "Driving Through the East." Counterfutures 9 (March 7, 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v9.6778.

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This intervention asks how the people of Porirua can feel empowered and included in the decision-making processes that will shape the future of their city. I draw on my experiences as a life-long resident, activist, artist, architect, landscape architect, and urban designer in Porirua to find answers. I have found that young Pasifika are very concerned about whether their cultural values will be represented in housing and development in Porirua. This speaks to an issue facing the country as whole: while the Pasifika population continues to grow in size and importance in Aotearoa New Zealand, they are subject to flawed cultural assumptions, and are frequently overlooked or misunderstood in decision-making processes that will have profound impacts upon their future. There is room for more talanoa between Pasifika in Aotearoa New Zealand, and between Pasifika and the wider population. It is only when architects and planners expand their cultural kete that they will provide suitable housing and neighbourhoods for Pasifika.

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Glasby, G. P., R. L. Moss, and P. Stoppers. "Heavy‐metal pollution in Porirua Harbour, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 24, no. 2 (June 1990): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1990.9516419.

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Dellow, G. D., S. A. L. Read, J. G. Begg, R. J. Van Dissen, and N. D. Perrin. "Distribution of geological materials in Lower Hutt and Porirua, New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.332-344.

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Geological materials in the Lower Hutt, Eastbourne, Wainuiomata, and Porirua urban areas are mapped and described as part of a multi-disciplinary assessment of seismic ground shaking hazards. Emphasis is mainly on the flat-lying parts of these areas which are underlain by variable Quaternary-age sediments that overlie Permian-Mesozoic age 'greywacke' bedrock. Within the Quaternary-age sediments, the two material types recognised on strength characteristics are: 1) Soft sediments, typically composed of normally consolidated, fine-grained materials (sand, silt and clay), with typical standard penetration values (SPT) of <20 blows/300 mm; and 2) Loose to compact coarser-grained materials (sand, gravel), with SPT values of >20 blows/300 mm. The total thickness and nature of Quaternary-age sediments in the study areas is described, with particular emphasis on the thickness and geotechnical properties of near-surface sediments. Such sediments are considered likely to have a significant influence on the an1plification and attenuation of ground shaking intensity during earthquakes. In the Lower Hutt valley, near-surface soft sediments greater than 10 m thick have an areal extent of -16 km2. Such soft sediments underlie much of Petone and the Lower Hutt urban and city centres, and have a maximum known thickness of 27 m near the western end of the Petone foreshore. In the Wainuiomata area, near-surface soft sediments greater than 10 m thick have an areal extent of - 3 km2, and attain a maximum thickness of 32 m. In Porirua, near-surface soft sediments have a maximum thickness of 14 m, cover an area of -2km2, and underlie much of the city centre. In the Lower Hutt valley the total known thickness of Quaternary-age sediments, including near-surface soft sediments is 300 m. Quaternary-age sediments are very much thinner in other areas, with thicknesses of 60 m recorded in Wainuiomata, 10 m in Eastbourne, and 90 m in the Porirua area.

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Stephenson, W. R., and P. R. Barker. "Evaluation of sediment properties in the Lower Hutt and Porirua areas by means of cone and seismic cone penetration tests." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.265-285.

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Cone and Seismic Cone Penetration Tests (CPT and SCPT) have been carried out at a total of 101 sites in the Porirua and Lower Hutt regions of New Zealand, initially (from 1975 to 1987) as government-funded public- good science, and later as part of a multi-disciplinary microzoning project under contract to Wellington Regional Council. The shear wave velocities and depths determined in the study were successfully used to predict small-signal resonant frequencies for two sediment-filled basins, and the inferred cohesions were used qualitatively to predict the importance of nonlinearities in limiting ground motion amplification. The major results were the identification and shear wave characterisation of a surface layer (depth 12 m, diameter 600 m) of cohesive flexible sediment in the Porirua basin and a successful prediction of the associated basin resonant frequency, identification and shear wave characterisation of a thick surface layer (depth 30 m, length 2 km, width 500 m) of cohesive flexible sediment in the Wainuiomata basin which explained an observed resonance, identification and shear wave characterisation of a wedge of flexible sediment, cohesive below and uncohesive above, in the lower part of the Hutt Valley, and identification of a pocket of flexible sediment in the Naenae area.

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Jones, J. B., and J. D. Hadfield. "Fishes from Porirua and Pauatahanui inlets: Occurrence in gill nets." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 19, no. 4 (December 1985): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1985.9516112.

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Van Dissen, R. J., J. J. Taber, W. R. Stephenson, S. Sritheran, S. A. L. Read, G. H. McVerry, G. D. Dellow, and P. R. Barker. "Earthquake ground shaking hazard assessment for the Lower Hutt and Porirua areas, New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.286-302.

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Geographic variations in strong ground shaking expected during damaging earthquakes impacting on the Lower Hutt and Porirua areas are identified and quantified. Four ground shaking hazard zones have been mapped in the Lower Hutt area, and three in Porirua, based on geological, weak motion, and strong motion inputs. These hazard zones are graded from 1 to 5. In general, Zone 5 areas are subject to the greatest hazard, and Zone 1 areas the least. In Lower Hutt, zones 3 and 4 are not differentiated and are referred to as Zone 3-4. The five-fold classification is used to indicate the range of relative response. Zone 1 areas are underlain by bedrock. Zone 2 areas are typically underlain by compact alluvial and fan gravel. Zone 3-4 is underlain, to a depth of 20 m, by interfingered layers of flexible (soft) sediment (fine sand, silt, clay, peat), and compact gravel and sand. Zone 5 is directly underlain by more than 10 m of flexible sediment with shear wave velocities in the order of 200 m/s or less. The response of each zone is assessed for two earthquake scenarios. Scenario 1 is for a moderate to large, shallow, distant earthquake that results in regional Modified Mercalli intensity V-VI shaking on bedrock. Scenario 2 is for a large, local, but rarer, Wellington fault earthquake. The response characterisation for each zone comprises: expected Modified Mercalli intensity; peak horizontal ground acceleration; duration of strong shaking; and amplification of ground motion with respect to bedrock, expressed as a Fourier spectral ratio, including the frequency range over which the most pronounced amplification occurs. In brief, high to very high ground motion amplifications are expected in Zone 5, relative to Zone 1, during a scenario 1 earthquake. Peak Fourier spectral ratios of 10-20 are expected in Zone 5, relative to Zone 1, and a difference of up to three, possibly four, MM intensity units is expected between the two zones. During a scenario 2 event, it is anticipated that the level of shaking throughout the Lower Hutt and Porirua region will increase markedly, relative to scenario 1, and the average difference in shaking between each zone will decrease.

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Taber, J. John, and Euan G. C. Smith. "Frequency dependent amplification of weak ground motions in Porirua and Lower Hutt, New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.303-331.

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The relative ground response due to microearthquakes has been examined at a total of 36 sites in the Porirua and Lower Hutt regions of New Zealand, as part of a multi-disciplinary microzoning project conducted with the Wellington Regional Council. The sites were studied in two separate experiments and were chosen to sample a variety of soil types and depths ranging from strong rock to thick sections of alluvial gravels and sands to soft water-saturated fine-grained deposits. The amplitude response of each site relative to a bedrock reference site has been determined as a function of frequency. Fourier spectral ratios (Fsr) were calculated for each earthquake and then between three and twenty-six earthquakes were averaged together at each of the sites. Spectral ratios of individual earthquakes varied significantly from the average spectral ratio. In the Hutt Valley there is a gradual down-valley increase in shaking in a similar pattern to the down-valley increase of the depth to bedrock and thickness of near-surface soft sediment. The response at the upper-most valley sites, underlain by less than 50 m of alluvial gravel and silty sand, is similar to the response at the rock sites on the side of the valley (Fsr = 2.4) while the Fourier spectral ratios reach 14 at the lower-most valley sites, which are underlain by greater than 20 m of soft sediment. The highest amplifications were recorded at two sites on soft flexible sediments (10 to 35 m thick) in an enclosed valley (Fsr = 16 to 18) and a site on an apparently drained and filled swamp (Fsr = 15). A spectral ratio of 18 corresponds to an increase in peak ground velocity by a factor of 5. The amplification at most Lower Hutt sites occurred over a broad frequency band from 0.5 Hz to up to 5 Hz, with the high frequency limit of the band decreasing as the spectral ratio in the band increased. Two of the flexible sediment sites exhibited a very narrow frequency response with a peak in the 1-2 Hz range, similar to three flexible sediment sites in the Porirua basin where the amplification was in the 1-3 Hz frequency band. These flexible sediment sites had Fourier spectral ratios of up to 18 relative to a hard rock site. Three other Porirua sites had spectral ratios greater than 5 at some frequency. Two of these sites were on fan alluvium and fine grained sediment, while the third was on siltly sand on a topographic ridge. The remaining five sites were on weathered gravels and showed little amplification.

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Eiby, George. "Changes to Porirua Harbour in about 1855 : historical tradition and geological evidence." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20, no. 2 (June 1990): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1990.10426727.

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10

Fairley, Nigel A., Richard Siegert, Alexander Simpson, Janice Wilson, and Brendan Roach. "Psychiatric Disorder and Disability in New Zealand Long-Stay Psychiatric Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27, no. 4 (December 1993): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679309075820.

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A study was undertaken of the prevalence of physical disease, psychiatric disorder and deviant behaviour in a sample of 137 long stay psychiatric patients at Porirua Hospital near Wellington, New Zealand. Patients were in the main male, single, middle-aged to elderly and of European descent. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis. Psychiatric symptoms were moderately severe, the most common being unusual mannerisms and posturing, anxiety, blunted affect, tension, unusual thought content and somatic concerns. Known physical disorders were present in 66 patients. Levels of neuroleptic medication were high and tardive dyskinesia was observed in almost 60% of patients. Frequency of deviant behaviour was low in absolute terms but nonetheless problematic. The frequency of deviant behaviour was similar to those reported for British patients.

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11

Britain, David. "Linguistic change in intonation: The use of high rising terminals in New Zealand English." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000661.

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ABSTRACTThis article reports sociolinguistic research on linguistic change in an intonation feature of New Zealand English, namely, the use of high rising terminal contours (HRTs) in declarative clauses. Recorded interviews from 75 inhabitants of Porirua, a small city north of Wellington, were analyzed for the use of HRTs. The speaker sample was subdivided according to years of age (20–29, 40–49, 70–79), sex, ethnicity (Maori and Pakeha), and class (working and middle). The results show that linguistic change is in progress, the use of HRTs being favored by young Maori and by young Pakeha women. The results are explained in terms of the function of HRTs as positive politeness markers. The usefulness of the term “linguistic variable” in the analysis of intonational change and discourse features is assessed.

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Staniforth, Barbara. "Tiromoana and Taranaki House: A tale of their times." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 27, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2015): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol27iss1-2id13.

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The overall history of social work education in Aotearoa New Zealand has been well documented by authors such as McCreary (1971a,b), Nash (1998) and Cranna (1989). Tiromoana and Taranaki House social work residential training institutions were set up by the Education Department, Child Welfare Division to meet a gap in social work training in the country in the 1960s and 70s. These programmes, which were at times contentious, appeared to be unique and particular to their time, place and context in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article provides some history and participant recollections about Tiromoana (Porirua) and Taranaki House (Auckland) for social work’s historical record. This article attempts to piece together various sources, including recent interviews, and to weave together some of the facts and stories of these two institutions.

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Botherway, Kathryn J., and Jonathan P. A. Gardner. "Effect of storm drain discharge on the soft shore ecology of Porirua Inlet, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 2 (June 2002): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2002.9517083.

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Neale, Jenny, and Aliitasi Tavila. "Evaluating a community initiative with a focus on Indigenous health." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 7, no. 2 (September 2007): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x0700700205.

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Porirua Healthlinks Trust, a community organization in the Greater Wellington area, has been mounting an annual ‘Creek Fest’ since 2004. This is a one-day event that focuses on health and culture. It has become increasingly successful particularly in attracting large numbers of Pacific and Maori peoples who live in the immediate locality as well as those from further away. The fest held in March 2006 was evaluated to determine whether it was meeting its stated objectives and what else the organization might do to achieve its health-related goals with regard to this initiative. Of the 500 questionnaires handed out on the day, nearly 400 were completed for analysis. This article draws on both the results of the survey and the process used to report on the evaluation of the fest. The self-administered questionnaire with interviewer-assisted delivery was seen to be the key to obtaining such a high response rate. Implications for undertaking evaluations in ethnically diverse communities are discussed.

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Francis, MP, and RICC Francis. "Growth rate estimates for New Zealand Rig (Mustelus lenticulatus)." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 5 (1992): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921157.

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Growth rate estimates were obtained for New Zealand rig (Mustelus lenticulatus) by analysing length frequency and tag-recapture data. Rig (0+) sampled by set-net in Porirua and Pauatahanui Inlets grew from about 25-30 cm total length at birth to 46-49 cm at age of about 6 months. Samples of juvenile and adult rig trawled in Pegasus Bay and Hauraki Gulf suffered from under-representation of large adults, probably because of escapement. Growth curves derived from length-frequency analysis indicated that Pegasus Bay males matured at 5.0 years and had a minimum longevity of 12 years. Hauraki Gulf males and females matured at 3.7 and 4.7 years, respectively. Growth rates and ages at maturity fell within the ranges reported for other Mustelus species. Tagging data for South Island rig suggested that females grew faster than males. However, growth rate estimates from length-frequency analysis were 2.7-3.3 times greater than estimates from tagging data, probably because the latter were biased by the combined effects of tagging on growth and set-net mesh selectivity.

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Sibley, Chris G., Maree Hunt, and David N. Harper. "Identifying Crosscultural Differences in the Effectiveness of an Information and Free Child Seat Rental Program." Behaviour Change 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.4.224.

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AbstractPorirua (a suburb in Wellington, New Zealand) is a problem area for child restraint use and has been targeted by a variety of government-initiated, and largely ineffective, traffic safety campaigns in recent years (e.g., Gouldsbury, 1999). The present study attempted to increase child restraint use in cars at two Porirua Kindergartens, one predominantly Pacific Nations (Kindergarten A), and the other predominantly New Zealand European (Kindergarten B), by providing parents with information packages and vouchers for free child seat rental. An increase in correct child seat use was not observed at either kindergarten, although all unrestrained children observed during baseline at the predominantly New Zealand European kindergarten changed to wearing seat belts after the intervention. This finding suggests that income limitations per se are not the primary factor maintaining child seat non-use. Discussion focuses on the contradictory findings provided by both previous survey and observational research on the effect of ethnicity and income on child seat use. Potential crosscultural differences in the existence and salience of verbal community effects that may maintain child seat use through the avoidance of social punishment contingencies from other parents within the kindergarten are considered as one possible explanation for the present findings.

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Every-Palmer, Susanna, Pete M. Ellis, Mike Nowitz, James Stanley, Eve Grant, Mark Huthwaite, and Helen Dunn. "The Porirua Protocol in the Treatment of Clozapine-Induced Gastrointestinal Hypomotility and Constipation: A Pre- and Post-Treatment Study." CNS Drugs 31, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-016-0391-y.

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Chester, Pam. "Paremata Redoubt: colonial follies." Architectural History Aotearoa 11 (October 1, 2014): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v11i.7418.

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The construction of Paremata Redoubt, 1846-47, at the entrance to Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour, was commissioned by Lieutenant-Governor George Grey. The redoubt was built to subdue Māori opposition to New Zealand Company immigrants settling in the wider Wellington area. In 1846 the entrance to Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour was a strategic military location being on the main Māori route from the west Wellington coast, via Pāuatahanui, to the Hutt Valley and Wellington. The redoubt, was built on the site of Paremata Pā, which had been occupied from about the early 1830s to about the mid 1840s, just prior to the building of the redoubt, by members of Ngāti Toa Rangatira iwi, which included the tohunga and older half brother, Te Watarauihi Nohorua, of Te Rauparaha. When the first soldiers arrived on 16 April 1846, there was no accommodation provided, and the troops had to sleep in tents; the camp was on "tabued" ground. Barracks, to house imperial troops, were completed in August 1847, but this was after the two fighting chiefs who were the main opponents of European settlement, Te Rauparaha and his nephew, Te Rangihaeata, were considered subdued; Te Rauparaha had been captured at his kainga, Taupo, on Plimmerton beach and Te Rangihaeata had fled northwards from his pā, Mataitaua, at Pāuatahanui. Clearance of the ruins of the barracks from late 1959 to early 1960 by the Wellington Regional Group of the New Zealand Archaeological Association revealed that they were rectangular with towers in opposing corners. The main building material was natural beach boulders, probably sourced locally, with brick quoins and window openings. The stonework had been knapped into line with a mortar made of sand, lime, and crushed sea shells. The outside walls were 700mm thick, and inner walls were 500mm thick. The foundations were particularly strong; 1.1m wide, and the lower part of the walls were 750mm wide to a height of 750mm. The ground floor had been divided into four main rooms, with a corridor leading to an entrance to the west. A small room, near the centre of the building, with walls as thick as those of the exterior, may have been an arsenal. The two-storeyed barracks were the subject of many early European picturesque drawings and paintings. The towers had loopholes, probably to accommodate cannon, but the first shot fired so shook the fabric of the building that the gun was not used again. Further, the barracks were occupied only briefly. An earthquake in October 1848 damaged the barracks so severely that they could not be repaired and they were evacuated, and the troops were accommodated in huts. Another earthquake in January 1855 caused the upper storey to collapse. Today the ruins of the barracks can be seen in Ngātitoa Domain.

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Mason, Kylie, Kirstin Lindberg, Carolin Haenfling, Allan Schori, Helene Marsters, Deborah Read, and Barry Borman. "Social Vulnerability Indicators for Flooding in Aotearoa New Zealand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 3952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083952.

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Social vulnerability indicators are a valuable tool for understanding which population groups are more vulnerable to experiencing negative impacts from disasters, and where these groups live, to inform disaster risk management activities. While many approaches have been used to measure social vulnerability to natural hazards, there is no single method or universally agreed approach. This paper proposes a novel approach to developing social vulnerability indicators, using the example of flooding in Aotearoa New Zealand. A conceptual framework was developed to guide selection of the social vulnerability indicators, based on previous frameworks (including the MOVE framework), consideration of climate change, and a holistic view of health and wellbeing. Using this framework, ten dimensions relating to social vulnerability were identified: exposure; children; older adults; health and disability status; money to cope with crises/losses; social connectedness; knowledge, skills and awareness of natural hazards; safe, secure and healthy housing; food and water to cope with shortage; and decision making and participation. For each dimension, key indicators were identified and implemented, mostly using national Census population data. After development, the indicators were assessed by end users using a case study of Porirua City, New Zealand, then implemented for the whole of New Zealand. These indicators will provide useful data about social vulnerability to floods in New Zealand, and these methods could potentially be adapted for other jurisdictions and other natural hazards, including those relating to climate change.

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Brabhaharan, Pathmanathan. "Integrated Wellington region land transport resilience study." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 54, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.54.2.163-175.

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Wellington region’s transport network has poor resilience to natural hazards, given the rugged terrain, high seismicity and wet climate. This exposes the land access to the region and the capital city to be potentially cut off from the rest of New Zealand for several months, and its cities to be isolated from each other. This paper reports on a pioneering integrated resilience study of the entire land transport system in the region provided by the state highways, principal and arterial local roads and the railway system. The study considered resilience risks from a range of natural hazards (earthquake, storm and tsunami) using the metrics of availability and outage. The resilience risks and the relative importance of the routes were used to assess the criticality of these risks for future investment in resilience enhancement. The criticality also considered risks to other lifeline utilities - power, water and telecommunications that share these transport corridors. The combined criticality was used to prioritise these resilience risks. The highest criticality resilience risks were classified into extreme, very high and high levels. The extreme criticality risks identified were the state highway between Ngauranga and Petone and the adjacent Ngauranga interchange between the two State Highways 1 and 2, which together provide access between Wellington, Hutt and Porirua cities. A range of very high risks were identified across the region which included both state highways and local roads. This novel resilience study provided the basis for a subsequent business case for future investment to enhance the resilience of the region’s transport network.

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Sika-Paotonu, Dianne, Toni Anitelea, Tina Uiese, and Alana Cockburn. "Engaging with Pacific Communities to support effective dialogue, appropriate outreach and scientific knowledge translation activity." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 61.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.61.14.

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Abstract Indigenous Māori and Pacific population groups remain disproportionately affected by Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). ARF is an autoimmune response to untreated throat (and skin) infection by Group A Streptococcal bacteria. Untreated and repeated episodes of ARF or a severe attack, can lead to permanent cardiac damage known as RHD. High rates of ARF and RHD persist in New Zealand and the Pacific Region. To help raise awareness and support knowledge translation efforts that facilitate dissemination of research work and findings of relevance to Pacific populations, appropriate community engagement is needed. The purpose of this work was to host a Pacific community event to support appropriate engagement and dialogue between researchers and Pacific communities in the southern Wellington Region that would facilitate communication and discussion of ARF/RHD related Penicillin research works and findings. A Pacific community event was held on 30th July, 2018 in Porirua that involved Pacific researchers, University Pacific staff a Medical student and various Pacific groups in the area. Scientific information and research focused on Immunological components related to ARF and RHD were presented by a Pacific Biomedical Scientist with the audience participating in a lengthy discussion session that followed. Feedback demonstrated those involved had engaged appropriately and successfully with the Pacific community groups represented with requests made for similar future events to be held. The response to this Pacific community event highlights the importance of cultural awareness being combined with appropriate scientific and knowledge translation communication activity to support effective dialogue.

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Evbuomwam, Ehimwenma, Dan Kinnair, Mohammad Mirza, and Julian Coleman. "Constipation and clozapine: a QI project in Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, (LPT)." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.248.

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AimsConstipation in patients on Clozapine is the biggest cause of mortality. We have no set protocol in LPT for how to manage and monitor Constipation in Clozapine initiation in the inpatient setting. Internationally protocols, (such as the Porirua protocol) exist but have not been widely used locally.We wanted to assess local compliance with monitoring constipation in patients admitted to hospital and started on Clozapine. We also wanted to assess whether patients are prescribed PRN or regular laxatives, before considering implementing a local protocol.MethodIn LPT we use the ZTAS system for prescribing Clozapine. They provided us with a list of patient IDs who had recently started on Clozapine.We captured data on patients started on Clozapine. 1.What date was this started?2.What date was either PRN or regular laxatives started?3.Was a bowel chart recorded?4.Any evidence of constipation or significant bowel issues relating to Clozapine?ResultWe initially analysed 30 patients, (20 of whom were initiated on Clozapine as inpatients, and 10 as outpatients). A bowel chart was started in only 1 inpatient. Laxatives were started in 50% (15, only 3 of whom were outpatients). 14 were regular and 1 was a PRN prescription. 12 inpatients had constipation, and 1 outpatient suffered with constipation. 2 patients suffered with diarrhoea but there were no other significant issues with bowel problems.ConclusionFrom our initial data we can see that there are many inconsistencies in practice.Existing patients on Clozapine attend a local clinic, (Clozapine clinic) where ongoing monitoring of constipation, (and other parameters, e.g. ECGs etc are completed).We have written a new protocol which we will share, that the trust has implemented, that identifies when PRN and regular laxatives should be prescribed. We have also expanded the protocol to agree for initiation of Olanzapine bowel charts and PRN laxatives should be used.

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Hughes, Matthew W., Mostafa Nayyerloo, Xavier Bellagamba, Jonathan Morris, Pathmanathan Brabhaharan, Stephen Rooney, Erica Hobbs, Keith Woolley, and Steve Hutchison. "Impacts of the 14th November 2016 Kaikōura earthquake on three waters systems in Wellington, Marlborough and Kaikōura, New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.2.306-317.

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We present preliminary observations on three waters impacts from the Mw7.8 14th November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake on wider metropolitan Wellington, urban and rural Marlborough, and in Kaikōura township. Three waters systems in these areas experienced widespread and significant transient ground deformation in response to seismic shaking, with localised permanent ground deformation via liquefaction and lateral spreading. In Wellington, potable water quality was impacted temporarily by increased turbidity, and significant water losses occurred due to damaged pipes at the port. The Seaview and Porirua wastewater treatment plants sustained damage to clarifier tanks from water seiching, and increased water infiltration to the wastewater system occurred. Most failure modes in urban Marlborough were similar to the 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence; however some rural water tanks experienced rotational and translational movements, highlighting importance of flexible pipe connections. In Kaikōura, damage to reservoirs and pipes led to loss of water supply and compromised firefighting capability. Wastewater damage led to environmental contamination, and necessitated restrictions on greywater entry into the system to minimise flows. Damage to these systems necessitated the importation of tankered and bottled water, boil water notices and chlorination of the system, and importation of portaloos and chemical toilets. Stormwater infrastructure such as road drainage channels was also damaged, which could compromise condition of underlying road materials. Good operational asset management practices (current and accurate information, renewals, appreciation of criticality, good system knowledge and practical contingency plans) helped improve system resilience, and having robust emergency management centres and accurate Geographic Information System data allowed effective response coordination. Minimal damage to the wider built environment facilitated system inspections. Note Future research will include detailed geospatial assessments of seismic demand on these systems and attendant modes of failure, levels of service restoration, and collaborative development of resilience measures.

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McClean, Robert. "Making Wellington: earthquakes, survivors and creating heritage." Architectural History Aotearoa 9 (October 8, 2012): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v9i.7296.

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Landing at Te Whanganui a Tara in 1840, New Zealand Company settlers lost no time to construct the "England of the South" using familiar building materials of brick, stone, clay and mortar. Within months of settling at Pito-one (Petone), the newly arrived people not only experienced earthquakes, but also flooding of Te Awa kai Rangi (Hutt River). Consequently, the original plan to build the City of Britannia at Pito-one was transferred to Lambton Harbour at Pipitea and Te Aro. The construction of Wellington was severely disrupted by the first visitation occurring on 16 October 1848 when the Awatere fault ruptured releasing an earthquake of Mw 7.8. The earthquake sequence, lasting until October 1849, damaged nearly all masonry buildings in Wellington, including newly constructed Paremata Barracks. This event was soon followed by the 2nd visitation of 23 January 1855. This time it was a rupture of the Wairarapa fault and a huge 8.2 Mw earthquake lasting until 10 October 1855. Perceptions of buildings as "permanent" symbols of progress and English heritage were fundamentally challenged as a result of the earthquakes. Instead, the settlers looked to the survivors – small timber-framed buildings as markers of security and continued occupation. A small number of survivors will be explored in detail – Taylor-Stace Cottage, Porirua, and Homewood, Karori, both buildings of 1847 and both still in existence today. Also the ruins of Paremata Barracks as the only remnant of a masonry structure pre-dating 1848 in the Wellington region. There are also a few survivors of 1855 earthquake including Christ Church, Taita (1854) and St Joseph's Providence Porch, St Mary's College, Thorndon (1852). There are also the post-1855 timber-framed legacies of Old St Paul's Cathedral (1866), Government Buildings (1876) and St Peter's Church (1879). Improved knowledge about the historical evolution of perceptions of heritage in Wellington as a result of past earthquake visitations can help inform public education about heritage values, how to build today and strengthen existing buildings in readiness for future earthquake visitations.

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Davidović, Dalibor. "Svršetak Porina." Arti musices 51, no. 1 (2020): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21857/yvjrdcle3y.

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Ehau-Taumaunu, H., S. D. G. Marshall, C. M. Ferguson, M. Mark-Shadbolt, R. M. MacDiarmid, and M. O'Callaghan. "A sweet potato story the likelihood of porina feeding on kumara." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5932.

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The caterpillar stage of the endemic Wiseana spp complex commonly known as porina are foliage feeders Research indicates that porina will feed on harakeke (Phormium tenax) red tussock (Chionochloa rubra) and hard tussock (Festuca novae zealandiae) In 1952 Miller reported that porina were abundant in kumara plantations and caused damage to the plants The accuracy of this observation is uncertain due to taxonomic changes and the ambiguous nature of Millers identification Feeding bioassays were undertaken to determine if porina caterpillars would feed on the leaves stems or tuber of the Owairaka kumara plant (Ipomoea batatas) using white clover foliage (Trifolium repens) as a control Over a 6week Porina provided with tuber had a weight increase of >01 g within the first two weeks which was a 122 gain (compared to clover) The leaves and stems supported less weight gain over the two week period (92 and 85 compared to clover respectively) These results suggest that porina can feed on kumara plants but further field testing will be required to support this claim

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Ferguson, C. M., M. A. Gee-Taylor, and N. K. Richards. "February/March moth flights in Manawatu have important implications for porina management." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5939.

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Porina (Wiseana spp) a complex of seven species three with two haplotypes are intractable pests on many New Zealand farms Regional differences in species composition and timing of caterpillar development impact on porina control At Glencorran Station Manawatu porina moth flights were monitored using a light trap from 2012/13 to 2015/16 The most common species trapped was W copularis W signata was also regularly collected Both species flew from October to March but the main flight period occurred in late February/ early March and consisted almost entirely of northern haplotype W copularis The time of peak flight means the most cost effective control strategy application of diflubenzuron against young caterpillars should be undertaken in June several months later than traditionally considered for most porina prone areas Furthermore caterpillars from the late flights will attain large size in July/August which may coincide with low porina feeding deterrent and toxin production by the AR37 ryegrass endophyte Consequently when caterpillars are most voracious protection of ryegrass plants by the endophyte is at a low ebb and may help explain why some AR37 ryegrass pastures especially in colder areas are damaged by porina

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Atijegbe, S. R., S. Mansfield, M. Rostas, C. M. Ferguson, and S. Worner. "Laboratory handling and rearing of early instar porina larvae from eggs." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 25, 2017): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.58.

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Mass rearing Wiseana (porina) species, a major endemic insect pest in New Zealand pastures, has proved challenging for research and pest management and has presented problems over several decades in the laboratory. Researchers have acknowledged that handling the eggs and first instar larvae are of critical importance during laboratory rearing. A simple method is presented that improves survival of early instar porina larvae. Eggs of three porina species (W. cervinata, W. copularis, W. umbraculata) hatched faster at 22˚C than at 15˚C.

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Atijegbe, S. R., S. Mansfield, M. Rost?s, S. Worner, and C. Ferguson. "Growth rate survival and preference of porina (Wiseana spp) to selected grasses." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5936.

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Porina (Wiseana spp) has become a major pasture pest in New Zealand over the past century in response to natural forest and grasslands being converted into pastures for livestock Limited information is available on the growth and survival of porina larvae on native host species Field collected porina larvae were fed on 5 selected native plants (Festuca actae Aciphylla squarrosa Poa cita Chionochloa rubra and Phormium tenax) one exotic (Lolium multiflorum cv Manawa) and mixed species over 5 months and the fitness response of porina to each of these grasses was measured The most rapid growth of larvae was observed on L multiflorum while the slowest was on P tenax A squarrosa and P cita The largest weight gain was on L multiflorum There was a significant difference in larval growth between L multiflorum and P tenax (P0019) Percentage mortality was lowest on L multiflorum (125) with the larvae surviving for 177 days The highest mortality of 75 was recorded on P cita which also had the lowest survival of 77 days This study provided useful information on the development of porina on native hosts which provide a habitat for its expansion on to pasture

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Mansfield, S., R. J. Townsend, C. M. Ferguson, N. K. Richards, and S. D. G. Marshall. "Porina flight activity and larval distribution in pastures on the West Coast of the South Island." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 31, 2017): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.100.

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Porina (Wiseana spp. Viette (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)), regularly damage pastures on the South Island’s West Coast but local information useful for mitigation strategies is lacking. Flight activity of porina moths was monitored on 11 farms in the region using light traps over three summers from 2014—2017. Pastures on the same farms were sampled during winter (2015—17) to collect porina larvae. Porina moth flights typically began in October and continued through into March with peak flight activity from early December to mid-January. Wiseana copularis comprised >85% of moths captured. Wiseana umbraculata was caught regularly, representing about 10% of total catch. Observed flight patterns indicated that diflubenzuron for larval control should be applied from late February to early or mid-March for maximum impact on porina populations but exact timing should be driven by local not regional flights. Wiseana copularis was the most common species collected in pastures (265 of 267 larvae collected). One W. jocosa larva was found in 2015 and one W. umbraculata larva in 2016. No W. cervinata adults or larvae were identified. This suggests the species primarily responsible for damaging these pastures is W. copularis.

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SÉRUSIAUX, Emmanuël, Franz BERGER, Maarten BRAND, and Pieter van den BOOM. "The lichen genus Porina in Macaronesia, with descriptions of two new species." Lichenologist 39, no. 1 (December 22, 2006): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282907005993.

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Detailed studies on the lichen genus Porina in Macaronesia have led to a reappraisal of the genuine identity of Porina atlantica (Erichsen) P. M. Jørg., a characteristic species that has previously been confused with P. guaranitica, P. heterospora, P. nucula, P. mastoidea or P. rhodostoma in the literature, and is here reported from Madeira, the Canary Islands, Ireland, France and Portugal. Two new species are described: P. effilata Brand & Sérus. sp. nov. (known from Madeira, the Canary Islands, Great Britain, Ireland and Portugal) and P. ocoteae Brand & Sérus. sp. nov. (restricted to La Palma, Canary Islands, and São Jorge in the Azores). Porina leptospora Nyl. is recognized at the species level, and P. isidiata Kalb & Hafellner is reduced into synonymy with P. atlantica. A key to all known species of Porina in Macaronesia is provided.

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Ertz, Damien, and Paul Diederich. "Unravelling the diversity of the lichen genus Porina (Porinaceae) in Mauritius." Plant Ecology and Evolution 155, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84545.

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Background and aims – Despite the publication of a recent checklist for Mauritius, a small archipelago in the south-western Indian Ocean, our knowledge of the lichen flora of this region remains incomplete. The present contribution is part of an ongoing study of lichen diversity of the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues. It aims to unravel the diversity of the genus Porina s.l. on these islands and to improve the taxonomy and the phylogeny of the family Porinaceae following the morphological study and the sequencing of recently collected material.Material and methods – Lichens were collected in 2016 and 2019 in a range of environments, from lowland dry habitats up to dense evergreen upland forests on the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues. In total, 85 samples of Porina were examined using light microscopy. A molecular study using mtSSU sequences was performed in order to investigate the phylogenetic position of the species of Porina occurring in the study area.Key results – The analyses revealed the presence of 23 species of Porina s.l. in Mauritius, while only four were previously accepted for this country. Five new species are described: Porina covidii, P. griffithsii, P. mauritiana, P. nuculoides, and P. rupicola, while two sterile species remain unidentified. The mtSSU phylogenetic tree includes 19 of the 23 species occurring in Mauritius. These species are dispersed throughout the phylogenetic tree, in at least eight main and strongly supported lineages, suggesting multiple colonizations of Mauritius. A new lineage only including Paleotropical and mainly foliicolous species (P. epiphylloides, P. longispora, P. mauritiana, and P. mazosioides) is revealed. Pseudosagedia crocynioides, a species that was previously known only from Florida, is newly reported from Mauritius, highlighting a remarkable disjunct distribution. Photos of each taxon are provided, along with an identification key to all species.Conclusion – The study of the genus Porina in Mauritius highlights a rich flora. The true diversity of Porina species in the south-western Indian Ocean is certainly underestimated and in need of further investigation, while a taxonomic-phylogenetic revision of tropical Porina at a broader geographical scale is highly desirable. The identity of several Mauritian specimens remains uncertain despite the use of molecular data.

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Ferguson, C. M., D. M. Barton, L. A. Harper, J. Swaminathan, C. Van_Koten, and M. R. H. Hurst. "Survival of Yersinia entomophaga MH96 in a pasture ecosystem and effects on pest and nontarget invertebrate populations." New Zealand Plant Protection 65 (January 8, 2012): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2012.65.5389.

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Yersinia entomophaga MH96 (Ye MH96) has shown activity against the pasture pest porina (Wiseana spp larvae) in laboratory bioassays In this field trial Ye MH96 was applied to pasture as three separate formulations The presence of viable Ye MH96 was detected in soil for 112 days following application but the number of bacteria decreased rapidly following heavy rainfall 4 days after treatment Porina numbers were reduced by all formulations of Ye MH96 at 5 and 17 weeks (3440 and 6172) and by fenitrothion an insecticide used to control porina (93 and 96 respectively) Other nontarget Lepidoptera were also reduced by Ye MH96 No effects of Ye MH96 were observed on the earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis or pasture inhabiting Staphylinidae The survival of Ye MH96 for long enough to affect the target insect despite the heavy rain suggests that a microbial alternative to conventional insecticide management of porina may be possible

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Tousson, Ehab, Ibrahim E. El Sayed, H. Abd El-Aleim, Mervat Elabd, Mustafa Karhib, and Doaa T. Gebreel. "Impact of Poria Cocos Nanoparticles Extract Against Ehrlich Solid Tumour Induced Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Female Mice Kidney." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 1927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2531.

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Introduction: The field of cancer nano therapeutics is quickly evolving, and it is being used to address a number of issues with traditional drug delivery techniques. The goal of this study was to find out more about the impact of novel bioactive Poria-loaded sun flowers nanoparticles (Poria Nps) as anti-carcinogenic agent for Ehrlich solid tumour (EST). Methods: A total number of 40 adult female mice were divided into 4 groups included control group, Poria Nps group, EST group, and EST treated with Poria Nps group. Results: EST induced toxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress while treatments of EST with Poria Nps improved this alteration in kidney functions and structure. Moreover, Poria Nps could scavenge free radicals producing beneficial effects against EST induced renal toxicity through activation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The constructed novel oral nanoparticles developed have promising features in vivo as well as a high level of safety for efficient cancer treatment. Conclusion: Poria cocos nanoparticles (Poria Nps) kill the cancer cells through apoptosis which thereby regulates the proliferation of cancer cells and inhibits its spread to other organs.

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NEUWIRTH, Gerhard, and Kristian PFALLER. "Porina pilifera (Porinaceae), a new foliicolous lichen from Costa Rica (Central America)." Lichenologist 38, no. 5 (August 22, 2006): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282906005925.

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Porina pilifera Neuwirth sp. nov. is described from Costa Rica. It is similar to P. palmicola, but differs in having smaller ascospores 27–36×3–4 μm. Porina pilifera is only known from the type locality in tropical Central America, where it grows on the leaves of palm trees.

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36

Lücking, Robert, Heinar Streimann, and John A. Elix. "Further records of foliicolous lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Australasia, with an updated checklist for continental Australia." Lichenologist 33, no. 3 (May 2001): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2000.0316.

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AbstractBased on collections gathered by H. Streimann and J. A. Elix in Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Tasmania), and Vanuatu, five new foliicolous lichen species are described: Calenia bullatinoides Lücking, Eremothecella cyaneoides Lücking, Fellhanera tasmanica Lücking & Elix, Fellhaneropsis australiana Lücking, and Porina vanuatuensis Lücking. In addition, the following new combinations are proposed: Coenogonium isidiiferum (Lücking) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella isidiifera Lücking], Coenogonium lisowskii (Vězda) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella lisowskii Vězda], Coenogonium queenslandicum (Kalb & Vězda) Lücking [Bas.: Dimerella queenslandica Kalb & Vězda], Echinoplaca tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking [Bas.: Gonolecania tetrapla Zahlbr.], and Porina subepiphylla var. australiensis (Lücking & Vězda) Lücking [Bas.: Porina lucida var. australiensis Lücking & Vězda]. Coenogonium piliferum (Vězda) Kalb & Lěcking [Bas.: Dimerella pilifera Vě zda] is placed into synonymy with Coenogonium epiphyllum Vain. An updated checklist of foliicolous lichens from Australia includes 202 species and excludes five previously reported taxa.

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Jo, Woo-Sik, Young-Bok Yoo, In-Pyo Hong, and Dong-Geun Kim. "Changes of the cultivation methods of Poria cocos and its commercialization." Journal of Mushroom 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14480/jm.2013.11.4.303.

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38

SOBREIRA, PRISCYLLA NAYARA BEZERRA, ANDRÉ APTROOT, and MARCELA EUGENIA DA SILVA CÁCERES. "Two new species of Porina (Porinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from submontane forest enclaves in Northeastern Brazil." Phytotaxa 286, no. 3 (November 30, 2016): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.286.3.9.

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Two new species of Porina are presently described as new to science in the frame of a corticolous lichens survey in the Atlantic rainforest of Pernambuco State, in Northeastern Brazil. The type locality, known as Brejo dos Cavalos, is a so-called Brejo de Altitude, an Atlantic forest fragment located in the municipality of Caruaru, in the middle of the semiarid Caatinga: Porina ochraceocarpa Sobreira, Aptroot & M. Cáceres, with small, free, pale brown ascomata and fusiform 3-septate ascospores of 30–32 × 4.5–5 μm., and Porina purpurata Sobreira, Aptroot & M. Cáceres, with hemispherical thallus-covered ascomata that are mostly centrally covered with red, K+ purple pruina, and fusiform (3–)7-septate ascospores of 50–55 × 10–11 μm. The discovery of these unique taxa emphasizes the importance of thorough surveys of the lichen biota in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil, a very biodiverse and threatened biome.

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Brusse, F. "PORINACEAE." Bothalia 16, no. 1 (July 22, 1986): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v16i1.1073.

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40

Brownbridge, M., C. Ferguson, D. J. Saville, J. Swaminathan, M. R. H. Hurst, and T. A. Jackson. "Potential for biological control of porina (Wiseana spp) with a novel insecticidal bacterium Yersinia n sp (MH96) EN65 strain." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6847.

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Porina (Wiseana spp larvae) are endemic pests of pasture If detected early young larvae can be controlled with diflubenzuron but generally damage is not predicted and organophosphate insecticides (eg diazinon chlorpyrifos chlorfon) are required Yersinia n sp (MH96) cf entomophaga (EN65 strain) a novel bacterium with insecticidal properties is pathogenic to late instar Wiseana spp larvae in laboratory assays and has potential as a biopesticide This trial measured the effect of two formulations of EN65 and a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk) against late instar porina EN65 was formulated in a sprayable biopolymer and on to a kibbled wheat bait Both EN65 formulations caused significant mortality of porina larvae and reduced feeding damage on white clover; efficacy was superior to Btk Survival of the bacterium in the sprayable biopolymer formulation was enhanced compared to a nonformulated broth culture Bacterial survival on the kibbled wheat bait was better when stored at 4C compared to 20C over 3 months

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Ma, Xiaoran, Jibiao Wu, Cun Liu, Jie Li, Shixia Dong, Xiaolu Zhang, Jia Wang, et al. "Deciphering of Key Pharmacological Pathways of Poria Cocos Intervention in Breast Cancer Based on Integrated Pharmacological Method." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (October 9, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4931531.

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Objective. Poria cocos (Fuling), a natural plant, has recently emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms of Poria cocos action in breast cancer remain poorly understood. Methods. TCMSP database was used to screen the potential active ingredients in Poria cocos. GEO database was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Network pharmacology was used to identify the specific pathways and key target proteins related to breast cancer. Finally, molecular docking was used to validate the results. Results. In our study, 237 targets were predicted for 15 potential active ingredients found in Poria cocos. An interaction network of predicted targets and genes differentially regulated in breast cancers was constructed. Based on the constructed network and further analysis including network topology, KEGG, survival analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis, 3 primary nodes were identified as key potential targets that were significantly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. Conclusion. The results showed that potential active ingredients of Poria cocos might interfere with breast cancer through synergistic regulation of PTGS2, ESR1, and FOS.

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WEERAKOON, GOTHAMIE, and ANDRÉ APTROOT. "Nine new lichen species and 64 new records from Sri Lanka." Phytotaxa 280, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.280.2.5.

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The lichen diversity of ten forest sites representing different geographical regions in Sri Lanka was investigated. In total, c. 1500 specimens of c. 400 species were recorded of the evaluated groups (all except the Graphidaceae and a few foliose groups). The following new species are described: Astrothelium conjugatum, Heterodermia fragmentata, Lecanactis minutissima, Megalotremis cylindrica, Porina microtriseptata, Porina monilisidiata, Psoroglaena spinosa, Pyrenula multicolorata, and Schistophoron muriforme. A further 64 species are reported for the first time from Sri Lanka, including 30 new records for the Indian subcontinent and eight new to Asia.

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43

Aptroot, Andre, and Patrick M. McCarthy. "Saxicolous Species of Porina Müll." Bryologist 97, no. 4 (1994): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243924.

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VAN DEN BROECK, Dries, Robert LÜCKING, and Damien ERTZ. "The foliicolous lichen biota of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the description of six new species." Lichenologist 46, no. 2 (February 11, 2014): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282913000790.

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AbstractSix new species of foliicolous lichenized fungi are described as new to science from lowland rainforest in the Congo Basin: Bapalmuia serusiauxiana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (Pilocarpaceae) characterized by (7–)15(–19)-septate ascospores of (40–)50–65(–72)×1·5–2·5 μm, Microtheliopsis ramazaniana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (Microtheliopsidaceae) characterized by 1-septate ascospores of 13–16×3–5 μm, Phylloblastiaverheyeniana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (Verrucariaceae) characterized by 3-septate ascospores of 13–15(–17)×3·0–4·5 μm, Porina duduana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (Porinaceae) characterized by 3-septate ascospores of 11·0–14·5×2·5–3·0 μm, perithecia 130–150(–170) μm diam. and a photobiont with angular-rounded and irregularly arranged cells, Porina gryseelsiana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (Porinaceae) characterized by orange-brown perithecia and 7–9(–12)-septate ascospores of 29–46×5·0–7·5 μm, Porina weghiana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (Porinaceae) characterized by the presence of disc-shaped isidia, yellow perithecia without apical appendages and (7–)9-septate ascospores of 33–50×5·0–6·5 μm. In addition, 53 species new for the Democratic Republic of the Congo are listed, including five species new for tropical Africa and six new for the Palaeotropics, thus raising the number of species known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 150 to 209. Keys are presented to all known species of Microtheliopsis and to species of Porina with disc-shaped isidia.

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McCarthy, P. M. "The Lichens of Rarotonga, Cook Islands, South Pacific Ocean I: Pyrenocarpous Taxa." Lichenologist 32, no. 1 (January 2000): 15–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1999.0212.

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AbstractFour new pyrenocarpous lichens are described from Rarotonga, Cook Islands, South Pacific Ocean: Porina deminuta (Trichotheliaceae), Pyrenula ochraceoflava var. pacifica (Pyrenulaceae), Strigula decipiens var. divisa (Strigulaceae) and Verrucaria fortuita (Verrucariaceae). The new combinations Porina eminentior (Nyl.) P. M. McCarthy and P. exocha (Nyl.) P. M. McCarthy are made for Thelenella eminentior Nyl. (Clathroporina eminentior (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.) and Verrucaria exocha Nyl. (Clathroporina exocha (Nyl.) Müll. Arg.), respectively. Brief descriptions and additional notes are provided for 26 other taxa. The phytogeographical affinities and possible origins of the pyrenocarpous lichens of Rarotonga and Lord Howe Island are discussed.

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Eskelinen, Tuija. "Sosiaalipedagogiikka sosiaalisen nuoriso- ja perhetyön kehyksenä Porissa." Sosiaalipedagoginen aikakauskirja 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2002): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30675/sa.115785.

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Upreti, D. K. "Notes on Corticolous and Saxicolous Species of Porina from India, with Porina subhibernica sp. nov." Bryologist 97, no. 1 (1994): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3243353.

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Flakus, Adam. "Foliicolous lichenized fungi of lowland Amazon forests in Pando, Bolivia." Polish Botanical Journal 58, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0063.

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Abstract Foliicolous lichens are an important component of lowland tropical forests and are useful bioindicators of vegetation continuity or forest health. This study of these fungi in lowland Bolivian Amazon forests of Pando Department revealed the presence of 180 species, 101 of which are reported as new for Bolivia. The following 15 species are mentioned for the first time from South America: Anisomeridium guttuliferum Lücking, Byssolecania pluriseptata Breuss, Caprettia confusa Lücking & Sipman, Chroodiscus submuralis Lücking, Coenogonium barbatum Lücking, Aptroot & L. Umaña-Tenorio, Echinoplaca tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking, Gyalectidium laciniatum Lücking, G. pallidum Herrera-Campos & Lücking, Mazosia conica Sérus., Phylloblastia excavata P. M. McCarthy, Porina conica R. Sant., Porina subnucula Lücking & Vězda, Porina aff. subpallescens Vězda, Strigula minuta Lücking and Trichothelium intermedium Lücking. The up-to-date list of foliicolous lichens of Bolivia now numbers 218 species, 52% more than known previously. The foliicolous lichen biota of Pando, a substantial part of the Bolivian Amazon, has clear affinities to neighboring countries due to the significant proportion of species typical for lowland and submontane humid forests in the Neotropics. Analyses of the lichen diversity in the area suggest that its species composition is positively correlated with the presence of specific forest types.

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Wang, Yong Jiang, Xue Qian Wu, Shi Wang Liu, Yuan Feng Wu, and Yan Ping Zhang. "Study on the Synthesis of Carboxymethylpachyman in the Aqueous-Ethanol Medium with the Assistance of Ultrasonics." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2810.

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Water-insoluble β - ( 1 - 3 ) – D - glucan isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos hardly exhibits biological activity. Therefore, it is advantageous to produce a value-added product from Poria cocos. We extracted the β - ( 1 - 3 ) – D - glucan from the sclerotium of Poria cocos and synthesized a carboxymethylated derivative, carboxymethyl-pachyman (CMP). The influences on the degrees of substitution ( DS ) of CMP, for example, volume ratio of ethanol to water, [NaOH]/[MCA] ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time have been examined, respectively. The most favorable conditions for pachyman carboxymethylation are obtained with a [NaOH]/[MCA] ratio of 1.5, at 45°C for 60 minutes with a reaction medium consisting of a ethanol/water 80:20 (v/v) mixture.

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Robledo, Gerardo, Karen K. Nakasone, and Beatriz Ortiz-Santana. "Bjerkandera carnegieae comb. nov. (Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporales) a wood-decay polypore of cactus." Plant and Fungal Systematics 66, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35535/pfsyst-2021-0021.

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Poria carnegieae was described from Arizona growing on the woody ribs of the saguaro cactus, Carnegiea gigantea, and was transferred to Ceriporiopsis due to morphological evidence. Posterior phylogenetic studies showed a relationship of Poria carnegieae with Bjerkandera. New sequence data and morphologic evidence are presented to support the transfer of Ceriporiopsis carnegieae to Bjerkandera.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Porirua'

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