Academic literature on the topic 'Porirua'
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Journal articles on the topic "Porirua"
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Taankink, Jasmine, and Hugo Robinson. "Dispossession and Gentrification in the Porirua Redevelopment." Counterfutures 9 (March 7, 2021): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v9.6776.
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Porirua East is currently undergoing a state-led gentrification project under the guise of ‘regeneration’. Residents of Porirua East saw what happened in other areas like Glen Innes and, anticipating this threat, formed Housing Action Porirua (HAP). Contextualising the Porirua redevelopment within a broader history of colonisation and racist exploitation, we outline the redevelopment to date and give a history of displacement and dispossession of iwi, and later migrant workers, in Porirua. We chart HAP’s struggle for the community and outline the group’s five demands for a true regeneration that honours te Tiriti o Waitangi, protects the earth, and ensures that no whānau are displaced. We urge that the expansion of state housing is a critical demand for working-class communities which, if guided by te Tiriti, also has the potential to concretely restore mana and rangatiratanga to tangata whenua.
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Roach, Elyjana. "Driving Through the East." Counterfutures 9 (March 7, 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v9.6778.
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This intervention asks how the people of Porirua can feel empowered and included in the decision-making processes that will shape the future of their city. I draw on my experiences as a life-long resident, activist, artist, architect, landscape architect, and urban designer in Porirua to find answers. I have found that young Pasifika are very concerned about whether their cultural values will be represented in housing and development in Porirua. This speaks to an issue facing the country as whole: while the Pasifika population continues to grow in size and importance in Aotearoa New Zealand, they are subject to flawed cultural assumptions, and are frequently overlooked or misunderstood in decision-making processes that will have profound impacts upon their future. There is room for more talanoa between Pasifika in Aotearoa New Zealand, and between Pasifika and the wider population. It is only when architects and planners expand their cultural kete that they will provide suitable housing and neighbourhoods for Pasifika.
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Glasby, G. P., R. L. Moss, and P. Stoppers. "Heavy‐metal pollution in Porirua Harbour, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 24, no. 2 (June 1990): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1990.9516419.
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Dellow, G. D., S. A. L. Read, J. G. Begg, R. J. Van Dissen, and N. D. Perrin. "Distribution of geological materials in Lower Hutt and Porirua, New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.332-344.
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Geological materials in the Lower Hutt, Eastbourne, Wainuiomata, and Porirua urban areas are mapped and described as part of a multi-disciplinary assessment of seismic ground shaking hazards. Emphasis is mainly on the flat-lying parts of these areas which are underlain by variable Quaternary-age sediments that overlie Permian-Mesozoic age 'greywacke' bedrock. Within the Quaternary-age sediments, the two material types recognised on strength characteristics are:
1) Soft sediments, typically composed of normally consolidated, fine-grained materials (sand, silt and clay), with typical standard penetration values (SPT) of <20 blows/300 mm; and
2) Loose to compact coarser-grained materials (sand, gravel), with SPT values of >20 blows/300 mm.
The total thickness and nature of Quaternary-age sediments in the study areas is described, with particular emphasis on the thickness and geotechnical properties of near-surface sediments. Such sediments are considered likely to have a significant influence on the an1plification and attenuation of ground shaking intensity during earthquakes.
In the Lower Hutt valley, near-surface soft sediments greater than 10 m thick have an areal extent of -16 km2. Such soft sediments underlie much of Petone and the Lower Hutt urban and city centres, and have a maximum known thickness of 27 m near the western end of the Petone foreshore. In the Wainuiomata area, near-surface soft sediments greater than 10 m thick have an areal extent of - 3 km2, and attain a maximum thickness of 32 m. In Porirua, near-surface soft sediments have a maximum thickness of 14 m, cover an area of -2km2, and underlie much of the city centre. In the Lower Hutt valley the total known thickness of Quaternary-age sediments, including near-surface soft sediments is 300 m. Quaternary-age sediments are very much thinner in other areas, with thicknesses of 60 m recorded in Wainuiomata, 10 m in Eastbourne, and 90 m in the Porirua area.
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Stephenson, W. R., and P. R. Barker. "Evaluation of sediment properties in the Lower Hutt and Porirua areas by means of cone and seismic cone penetration tests." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.265-285.
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Cone and Seismic Cone Penetration Tests (CPT and SCPT) have been carried out at a total of 101 sites in the Porirua and Lower Hutt regions of New Zealand, initially (from 1975 to 1987) as government-funded public- good science, and later as part of a multi-disciplinary microzoning project under contract to Wellington Regional Council.
The shear wave velocities and depths determined in the study were successfully used to predict small-signal resonant frequencies for two sediment-filled basins, and the inferred cohesions were used qualitatively to predict the importance of nonlinearities in limiting ground motion amplification.
The major results were the identification and shear wave characterisation of a surface layer (depth 12 m, diameter 600 m) of cohesive flexible sediment in the Porirua basin and a successful prediction of the associated basin resonant frequency, identification and shear wave characterisation of a thick surface layer (depth 30 m, length 2 km, width 500 m) of cohesive flexible sediment in the Wainuiomata basin which explained an observed resonance, identification and shear wave characterisation of a wedge of flexible sediment, cohesive below and uncohesive above, in the lower part of the Hutt Valley, and identification of a pocket of flexible sediment in the Naenae area.
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Jones, J. B., and J. D. Hadfield. "Fishes from Porirua and Pauatahanui inlets: Occurrence in gill nets." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 19, no. 4 (December 1985): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1985.9516112.
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Van Dissen, R. J., J. J. Taber, W. R. Stephenson, S. Sritheran, S. A. L. Read, G. H. McVerry, G. D. Dellow, and P. R. Barker. "Earthquake ground shaking hazard assessment for the Lower Hutt and Porirua areas, New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.286-302.
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Geographic variations in strong ground shaking expected during damaging earthquakes impacting on the Lower Hutt and Porirua areas are identified and quantified. Four ground shaking hazard zones have been mapped in the Lower Hutt area, and three in Porirua, based on geological, weak motion, and strong motion inputs. These hazard zones are graded from 1 to 5. In general, Zone 5 areas are subject to the greatest hazard, and Zone 1 areas the least. In Lower Hutt, zones 3 and 4 are not differentiated and are referred to as Zone 3-4. The five-fold classification is used to indicate the range of relative response.
Zone 1 areas are underlain by bedrock. Zone 2 areas are typically underlain by compact alluvial and fan gravel. Zone 3-4 is underlain, to a depth of 20 m, by interfingered layers of flexible (soft) sediment (fine sand, silt, clay, peat), and compact gravel and sand. Zone 5 is directly underlain by more than 10 m of flexible sediment with shear wave velocities in the order of 200 m/s or less.
The response of each zone is assessed for two earthquake scenarios. Scenario 1 is for a moderate to large, shallow, distant earthquake that results in regional Modified Mercalli intensity V-VI shaking on bedrock. Scenario 2 is for a large, local, but rarer, Wellington fault earthquake. The response characterisation for each zone comprises: expected Modified Mercalli intensity; peak horizontal ground acceleration; duration of strong shaking; and amplification of ground motion with respect to bedrock, expressed as a Fourier spectral ratio, including the frequency range over which the most pronounced amplification occurs. In brief, high to very high ground motion amplifications are expected in Zone 5, relative to Zone 1, during a scenario 1 earthquake. Peak Fourier spectral ratios of 10-20 are expected in Zone 5, relative to Zone 1, and a difference of up to three, possibly four, MM intensity units is expected between the two zones. During a scenario 2 event, it is anticipated that the level of shaking throughout the Lower Hutt and Porirua region will increase markedly, relative to scenario 1, and the average difference in shaking between each zone will decrease.
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Taber, J. John, and Euan G. C. Smith. "Frequency dependent amplification of weak ground motions in Porirua and Lower Hutt, New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 31, 1992): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.4.303-331.
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The relative ground response due to microearthquakes has been examined at a total of 36 sites in the Porirua and Lower Hutt regions of New Zealand, as part of a multi-disciplinary microzoning project conducted with the Wellington Regional Council. The sites were studied in two separate experiments and were chosen to sample a variety of soil types and depths ranging from strong rock to thick sections of alluvial gravels and sands to soft water-saturated fine-grained deposits. The amplitude response of each site relative to a bedrock reference site has been determined as a function of frequency. Fourier spectral ratios (Fsr) were calculated for each earthquake and then between three and twenty-six earthquakes were averaged together at each of the sites. Spectral ratios of individual earthquakes varied significantly from the average spectral ratio.
In the Hutt Valley there is a gradual down-valley increase in shaking in a similar pattern to the down-valley increase of the depth to bedrock and thickness of near-surface soft sediment. The response at the upper-most valley sites, underlain by less than 50 m of alluvial gravel and silty sand, is similar to the response at the rock sites on the side of the valley (Fsr = 2.4) while the Fourier spectral ratios reach 14 at the lower-most valley sites, which are underlain by greater than 20 m of soft sediment. The highest amplifications were recorded at two sites on soft flexible sediments (10 to 35 m thick) in an enclosed valley (Fsr = 16 to 18) and a site on an apparently drained and filled swamp (Fsr = 15). A spectral ratio of 18 corresponds to an increase in peak ground velocity by a factor of 5.
The amplification at most Lower Hutt sites occurred over a broad frequency band from 0.5 Hz to up to 5 Hz, with the high frequency limit of the band decreasing as the spectral ratio in the band increased. Two of the flexible sediment sites exhibited a very narrow frequency response with a peak in the 1-2 Hz range, similar to three flexible sediment sites in the Porirua basin where the amplification was in the 1-3 Hz frequency band. These flexible sediment sites had Fourier spectral ratios of up to 18 relative to a hard rock site. Three other Porirua sites had spectral ratios greater than 5 at some frequency. Two of these sites were on fan alluvium and fine grained sediment, while the third was on siltly sand on a topographic ridge. The remaining five sites were on weathered gravels and showed little amplification.
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Eiby, George. "Changes to Porirua Harbour in about 1855 : historical tradition and geological evidence." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 20, no. 2 (June 1990): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1990.10426727.
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Fairley, Nigel A., Richard Siegert, Alexander Simpson, Janice Wilson, and Brendan Roach. "Psychiatric Disorder and Disability in New Zealand Long-Stay Psychiatric Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27, no. 4 (December 1993): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679309075820.
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A study was undertaken of the prevalence of physical disease, psychiatric disorder and deviant behaviour in a sample of 137 long stay psychiatric patients at Porirua Hospital near Wellington, New Zealand. Patients were in the main male, single, middle-aged to elderly and of European descent. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis. Psychiatric symptoms were moderately severe, the most common being unusual mannerisms and posturing, anxiety, blunted affect, tension, unusual thought content and somatic concerns. Known physical disorders were present in 66 patients. Levels of neuroleptic medication were high and tardive dyskinesia was observed in almost 60% of patients. Frequency of deviant behaviour was low in absolute terms but nonetheless problematic. The frequency of deviant behaviour was similar to those reported for British patients.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Porirua"
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Pereira, Andrea dos Santos [UNIFESP]. "Determinação da concentração de antimicrobiano capaz de prevenir o aparecimento de mutantes resistentes em amostras clínicas de acinetobacter spp." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39347.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
FAPESP: 04/14434-3
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Milan, Arlete 1972. "Estudo epidemiologico-molecular e da resistencia ao imipenem, ocasionda pela perda de canais de porina, em Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolada de pacientes hospitalizados." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310673.
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Orientadores: Marcelo de Carvalho Ramos, Maria Cecilia BarissonDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Introdução: A Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um importante agente de infecção nosocomial e motivo de grande preocupação por apresentar, com freqüência, resistência a diversos antimicrobianos. Os principais mecanismos de resistência encontrados são: inativação por enzimas, alterações na permeabilidade da membrana celular e promoção de efluxo. O conhecimento dos mecanismos de resistência que operam nesses microrganismos, bem como o estudo epidemiológico-molecular desses isolados, pode contribuir para a melhor compreensão e conseqüente controle dessas infecções no ambiente hospitalar. Objetivos: Determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima do Imipenem de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a esse antimicrobiano, isoladas de pacientes internados em hospital; Determinar a frequência de produção de metalo-beta-lactamases e da expressão da porina Opr D2 de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes ao Imipenem, isoladas de pacientes internados em hospital; Genotipar e estudar a relação genética de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes ao Imipenem, isoladas de pacientes internados em hospital. Materiais e Métodos: Foram estudadas 138 cepas isoladas de diversas amostras clínicas, identificadas bioquimicamente por técnicas de rotina e por automação. A triagem para a detecção de amostras produtoras de MBL's foi realizada pela fita de Etest combinada com EDTA. A extração e eletroforese de proteínas da parede celular foi executada para avaliar a expressão de porina Opr D2. Para a genotipagem foi utilizada a técnica de PFGE. Resultados e Discussões: Foram estudados 138 isolados, encaminhados como resistentes ao Imipenem. Em 128 desses isolados a resistência foi confirmada através do teste de difusão com disco e com a determinação do MIC (n = 98), através do Etest. A pesquisa da porina Opr D2 foi realizada em todos os isolados resistentes, ou seja, 128 casos. Em 68 deles não havia a expressão dessa proteína. Quando combinados os resultados da pesquisa de metalo-beta-lactamases e da deleção da porina Opr D2, encontramos 24 isolados que exibiam ambos os mecanismos de resistência. Da análise genotípica de 117 isolados, mostrou um acentuado polimorfismo, mesmo em isolados obtidos em um mesmo paciente. Não foram caracterizados surtos. Conclusões: A maioria das cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes ao Imipenem, isoladas em ambiente hospitalar, possui elevada resistência; A produção de meta-lobeta-lactamases constitui um mecanismo de resistência importante nesses isolados; A deleção da porina Opr D2 de membrana celular foi observada na maioria dos isolados. Em cerca de um terço deles havia também produção de metalo-beta-lactamase; A conglomeração desses isolados foi baixa, não caracterizando surtos em todos os casos; A variabilidade genotípica dos isolados foi intensa, mesmo em um determinado paciente, indicando que as ações relativas ao controle da disseminação desse patógeno deve ser de natureza rotineira, com as precauções de contato de universais e com o controle do uso de antimicrobianos
Abstract: Objective: Metallo-ß-lactamase production and Opr D2 channels expression was investigated in Imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from hospital acquired infections. Design: Descriptive study in a convenient sample of organisms. Setting: Two 400-bed general teaching hospital, both tertiary care teaching hospitals, in Campinas, Brazil. All Imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa, recovered from March, 2000 through December 2004 from hospitalized patients were collected. Methods: Disk diffusion tests were used to confirm Imipenem resistance. Etest MBL was done to check for MBL production, and. Imipenem MIC's. Opr D2 expression was checked using cellular membrane proteins electrophoresis PFGE-genotyping was done in all isolates. Results: A sample of 128 Imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was collected during the study period. Most isolates exhibited Imipenem MIC's = 256 µg / mL. Macrorestriction analysis (SpeI) using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed a substantial polymorphism. Only 15 strains could be allocated to seven clusters, six with two isolates and one with three isolates. Ninety-nine Imipenem resistant isolates were screened for MBL production, and 87 were screened for both MBL, and porin Opr D2 expression. Sixty four isolates showed MBL production. Conclusion: Dissemination of MBL producing-genotypically heterogenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was documented in the hospitals studied. Lack of Opr D2 combined with MBL production contributed to the high imipenem-resistance rates observed
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
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Muhizi, Théoneste. "Synthèse d’aminosucres conduisant à des biocides d’origine naturelle." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13641/document.
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Au cours de ce travail, différents glucosylamines et aminodésoxyglucoses ont été synthétisés et caractérisés par différentes méthodes spectroscopiques dont l’IRTF, la RMN 1H, 13C et MALDI-Tof MS. L’étude des propriétés biologiques de ces molécules réalisée, d’une part, avec deux champignons du bois, Coriolus versicolor et Poria placenta, et d’autre part, avec trois microorganismes potentiellement rencontrés dans des aliments, Listeria innocua, Salmonella typhimurium et Fusarium proliferatum ont indiqué une contribution positive de la N-alkylation, du degré de N-substitution et de la quaternisation sur l’inhibition de leur croissance. Par ailleurs, l’impact sur la bioactivité, de la position du groupe amine sur le sucre, a été étudié. Il a été montré que la position du groupe amine sur le C-1 du glucose conduisait à une activité antifongique contre C. versicolor et P. placenta plus prononcée alors que la position C-3 du glucose était favorable à une activité antimicrobienne contre L. innocua et S. typhimuriumIn this study different glucosylamines and amino desoxyglucoses were synthesized and characterised using various spectroscopic methods including IRFT, both 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-Tof MS. Biological assessment of these compounds realised with two wood decay fungi, Coriolus versicolor and Poria placenta on one hand, and with three food microorganisms Listeria innocua, Salmonella typhimurium and Fusarium proliferatum on other hand, indicated a positive impact of both N-alkylation and degree of N-substitution and quaternisation on their growth inhibition. Furthermore, a biological impact of the amine position on sugar was studied. It was found that amine function attached to the C-1 of glucose conducted to the best antifungal activity against both C. versicolor and P. placenta while that fixed on the C-3 of glucose was indicated for antibacterial activity against L. innocua and S. typhimurium
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Andrade, Meire Cristina Nogueira de [UNESP]. "Controle de fungos contaminantes no cultivo do cogumelo comestível shiitake (Lentinula edodes) em toros de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98870.
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andrade_mcn_me_ilha.pdf: 261991 bytes, checksum: 006fec132b03beb5f46f5030a336fa9b (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A ocorrência de fungos contaminantes e competidores é comum durante o cultivo de shiitake em toros. No Brasil, poucos são os trabalhos que identificam e analisam os efeitos destes microrganismos na produção de shiitake. No entanto, sabe-se que a incidência destes fungos em grandes proporções pode levar à improdutividade dos toros. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar o efeito da cal hidratada e do fungicida benomyl no controle de fungos contaminantes e sua resposta na produção de shiitake em toros. Para tanto, testou-se anteriormente in vitro o efeito do benomyl nas concentrações 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 8,0 e 16,0 mg/mL no crescimento micelial das linhagens de shiitake JAB-L; JAB-K; LE-96/17; LE-95/01 e LE-96/22, de modo a selecionar a linhagem mais tolerante as concentrações de benomyl propostas, comparando com o crescimento das mesmas sem a presença deste fungicida (testemunha). O delineamento deste experimento foi inteiramente casualizado em fatorial 5X7, tendo no total trinta e cinco tratamentos, cada qual com três repetições, sendo cada repetição correspondente a uma placa de Petri. Observou-se que a única linhagem de shiitake a não sofrer qualquer efeito do benomyl nas concentrações propostas foi a LE-96/17, sendo a escolhida para ser utilizada no experimento em toros, a qual foi submetida a maior concentração de benomyl (16,0 mg/mL). O delineamento do experimento em toros foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos: testemunha; cal (8 kg de cal/ 60 litros de água) aplicados nos toros de produção logo após a inoculação e após cada choque de indução; e benomyl (16,0 mg/mL) aplicados quinzenalmente a partir da inoculação dos toros. Cada tratamento conteve 60 repetições, sendo a unidade experimental correspondente a um toro. Os toros utilizados foram de Eucalyptus urophylla, os quais foram inoculados... .
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Andrade, Meire Cristina Nogueira de 1978. "Controle de fungos contaminantes no cultivo do cogumelo comestível shiitake (Lentinula edodes) em toros de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla) /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98870.
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Orientador: Luiz Antônio GraciolliBanca: Luzia Doretto Paccola Meirelles
Banca: Marli de Fátima Stradioto Papa
Abstract: The occurrence of contaminants fungus and competitors are common during the shiitake cultivation in logs. In Brazil, few are the works that identify and they analyze the effects of these microorganisms in the shiitake production. However, it is known that the incidence of these fungus in great proportions can take to the unproductiveness the logs. Therefore, the present work had as objective to test the effect of the moisturized whitewash and of the fungicide benomyl in the control of contaminant fungus and his answer in the shiitake production in logs. For so much, it was tested in vitro previously the effect of the benomyl in different concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16.0 mg/mL) in the mycelial growth of five shiitake lineages (JAB-L; JAB-K; LE-96/17; LE-95/01 and, LE-96/22), in way to select the most tolerant lineage to the concentrations of proposed benomyl, comparing with the growth of the same ones without the presence of this fungicide (control). A completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 5X7, tends in the total 35 treatments, each one with three repetitions, corresponding to a plate of Petri. It was observed that only shiitake lineage did not suffer any effect of the benomyl in the proposed concentrations was the LE-96/17, being the chosen to be used in the experiment in logs, when the largest benomyl concentration was submitted (16.0 mg/mL). The other study was conducted in logs in an interely randomized design, with three treatments: control; whitewash (8 kg of whitewash / 60 liters of water) applied in the production logs soon after the inoculation and after each induction shock; and benomyl (16.0 mg/mL) applied biweekly starting from the inoculation of the logs. Each treatment contained 60 repetitions, being the experimental unit corresponding to a log. The used logs were of Eucalyptus urophylla, which were... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Resumo: A ocorrência de fungos contaminantes e competidores é comum durante o cultivo de shiitake em toros. No Brasil, poucos são os trabalhos que identificam e analisam os efeitos destes microrganismos na produção de shiitake. No entanto, sabe-se que a incidência destes fungos em grandes proporções pode levar à improdutividade dos toros. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar o efeito da cal hidratada e do fungicida benomyl no controle de fungos contaminantes e sua resposta na produção de shiitake em toros. Para tanto, testou-se anteriormente in vitro o efeito do benomyl nas concentrações 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 8,0 e 16,0 mg/mL no crescimento micelial das linhagens de shiitake JAB-L; JAB-K; LE-96/17; LE-95/01 e LE-96/22, de modo a selecionar a linhagem mais tolerante as concentrações de benomyl propostas, comparando com o crescimento das mesmas sem a presença deste fungicida (testemunha). O delineamento deste experimento foi inteiramente casualizado em fatorial 5X7, tendo no total trinta e cinco tratamentos, cada qual com três repetições, sendo cada repetição correspondente a uma placa de Petri. Observou-se que a única linhagem de shiitake a não sofrer qualquer efeito do benomyl nas concentrações propostas foi a LE-96/17, sendo a escolhida para ser utilizada no experimento em toros, a qual foi submetida a maior concentração de benomyl (16,0 mg/mL). O delineamento do experimento em toros foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos: testemunha; cal (8 kg de cal/ 60 litros de água) aplicados nos toros de produção logo após a inoculação e após cada choque de indução; e benomyl (16,0 mg/mL) aplicados quinzenalmente a partir da inoculação dos toros. Cada tratamento conteve 60 repetições, sendo a unidade experimental correspondente a um toro. Os toros utilizados foram de Eucalyptus urophylla, os quais foram inoculados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Mestre
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Dias, Vanessa Cordeiro. "Resistência aos carbapenêmicos e virulência de Acinetobacter baumannii e Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolados de um serviço de saúde terciário." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1385.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
As bactérias Gram-negativas não fermentadoras, como Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii, estão amplamente disseminadas no ambiente e estão cada vez mais associados a infecções nosocomiais graves. O uso extensivo e indiscriminado de antibióticos tem contribuído para um aumento do número de infecções causadas por A. baumannii e P. aeruginosa resistentes a uma grande variedade de agentes antimicrobianos, incluindo β-lactâmicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características fisiológicas e moleculares da resistência aos carbapenêmicos em P. aeruginosa e A. baumannii isolados em um hospital terciário. A partir de estudos com amostras clínicas de pacientes admitidos num hospital terciário foram isolados, em 2012, A. baumannii (n=44) e P. aeruginosa (n=28) resistentes aos carbapenêmicos e em 2013, P. aeruginosa (n=19) e A. baumannii (n=44) com igual fenótipo. As amostras bacterianas recuperadas em 2012 foram submetidas a testes de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Marcadores genéticos relacionados com a síntese de β-lactamases blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58 e blaOXA-143 foram testados por PCR. A partir das linhagens isoladas no estudo de 2013, testes fisiológicos foram realizados para avaliar a atividade hemolítica, estresse oxidativo, tolerância aos biocidas, formação de biofilme e determinação da resistência aos antimicrobianos. Marcadores genéticos relacionados com a síntese de β-lactamases (ampC, blaKPC, blaSIM, blaIMP, blaSPM-1, blaVIM, blaGIM, blaOXA e blaNDM-1), sistemas de efluxo (adeB, mexB, mexD, mexF e mexY) e perda de porina (oprD) foram pesquisados por PCR. Foram analisados dados epidemiológicos de todos os pacientes avaliados. No estudo de 2012, a polimixina B foi a única droga eficaz para todos os isolados. Os marcadores genéticos foram observados apenas em isolados de Acinetobacter. O genótipo mais frequente observado foi blaOXA-23+/blaOXA-51+ (45,5%), seguido por blaOXA-51+/blaOXA-143+ (41%). Os genes blaOXA-24 e blaOXA-58 não foram detectados. Uma elevada taxa de mortalidade foi observada (> 70%) entre os pacientes. No estudo de 2013, idade avançada, predomínio de indivíduos internados em UTI, uso de dispositivos médicos invasivos, como cateter venoso, tratamento anterior com fluoroquinolonas ou ß-lactâmicos em combinação com um inibidor da β-lactamase e estadia prolongada no hospital foram fatores predisponentes para infecção por estes microrganismos. Colistina demonstrou atividade, in vitro, contra todas as amostras bacterianas avaliadas. Tigeciclina foi também efetiva para linhagens de A. baumannii. P. aeruginosa resistente aos carbapenêmicos não foi capaz de produzir hemolisinas. Essas linhagens foram menos tolerantes ao estresse oxidativo e alguns biocidas, mas mostraram um aumento da capacidade de formação de biofilme em relação aos isolados sensíveis. Os principais mecanismos de resistência presentes em linhagens de A. baumannii resistentes aos carbapenêmicos foi síntese de oxacilinases (OXA-23, OXA-51 e OXA-143), ausência de oprD e presença de bomba de efluxo (AdeABC). Em P. aeruginosa foram encontrados genes para bombas de efluxo (MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, MexXY-OprM), blaSPM-1, além de ausência de oprD. Estes resultados confirmam a dificuldade de manejo terapêutico de pacientes com infecções associadas a microrganismos multirresistentes, com impacto direto na mortalidade e controle epidemiológico dessas linhagens nos centros de saúde.
The non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are widespread in the environment and are increasingly associated with severe nosocomial infections. Extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to an increased number of infections caused by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa that are resistant to a wide variety of antimicrobials, including β-lactams. This study aimed to evaluate physiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. From studies with clinical samples from patients admitted to a tertiary hospital, were isolated in 2012 A. baumannii (n=44) and P. aeruginosa (n=28) resistant to carbapenems and in 2013, P. aeruginosa (n=19) and A. baumannii (n=44) with similar phenotype. The bacterial samples recovered in 2012 were submitted to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Genetic markers related to β-lactamases synthesis blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-143 were screened by PCR. From strains recovered in the 2013 study, physiological tests were performed to evaluate hemolytic activity, oxidative stress, biocides tolerance and biofilm formation, besides determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns. Genetic markers related to β-lactamases synthesis (ampC, blaKPC, blaSIM, blaIMP, blaSPM-1, blaVIM, blaGIM, blaOXA and blaNDM-1), efflux systems (adeB, mexB, mexD, mexF and mexY) and loss of porin (oprD) were screened by PCR. Epidemiological data about all of these patients were analyzed. In the 2012 study, polymyxin B was the only effective drug for all isolates. Genetic markers were observed only in Acinetobacter isolates. The most frequent genotype observed was blaOXA-23+/blaOXA-51+ (45,5%), followed by blaOXA-51+/blaOXA-143+ (41%). The genes blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-58 were not detected. High mortality rate (> 70%) between the pacients was observed. In a prospective study, advanced age, predominance of individuals hospitalized in ICU, use of invasive medical devices, such as venous catheter, previous treatment with fluoroquinolones or β-lactams in combination with β-lactamase inhibitor and prolonged stay in hospital were predisposing factors for infection by these microorganisms. Colistin has shown activity, in vitro, against all assessed bacterial samples. Tigecycline was also effective for strains of A. baumannii. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa was not able to produce hemolysin. These strains were less tolerant to oxidative stress and some biocides, but they showed increased ability of biofilm formation in relation to susceptible isolates. The major mechanisms of carbapenems resistance present in A. baumannii strains was oxacilinases synthesis (OXA-23, OXA-51 and OXA-143), oprD absence and efflux pump presence (AdeABC). In P. aeruginosa was found genes encoding efflux pumps (MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, MexXY-OprM) and blaSPM-1; besides oprD absence. These results confirm the difficulty of therapeutic management of patients with infections associated with multidrug resistant microorganisms, with direct impact on mortality and epidemiological control of multidrug-resistant strains in health centers.
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Clímaco, Eduardo Carneiro. "Análise molecular de mecanismos determinantes de resistência a antibióticos em Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter ssp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-20102011-151623/.
Full textAbstract:
P. aeruginosa e espécies de Acinetobacter são causas comuns de diversas infecções em pacientes hospitalizados, principalmente nos internados em centros de tratamento intensivo. Além disso, esses microrganismos se destacam por apresentarem resistência, intrínseca e adquirida, a várias classes de antibióticos, conferindo à bactéria fenótipos de multirresistência e panresistência. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a participação de integrons (elementos genéticos que carreiam genes de resistência), de genes codificadores de metalo--lactamases, da perda de porinas (canais protéicos da membrana externa), e da atividade de efluxo aumentada, como determinantes do fenótipo de multirresistência e panresistência. Foram estudadas 147 P. aeruginosa e 57 Acinetobacter spp. isolados de pacientes hospitalizados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, no período de 2003 a 2006. O perfil de sensibilidade destes isolados foi determinado por disco de difusão e utilizado para classificá-las como multirresistentes (MDR) e não multirresistentes (n-MDR). A variabilidade clonal dos isolados foi investigada por PFGE. Os isolados pertencentes aos grupos MDR e n-MDR foram investigados quanto a presença de integrons de classe 1, 2 e 3, por PCR e análise de RFLP. Os cassetes gênicos contidos nestes integrons, assim como genes codificadores de carbapenemases (ex. IMP, VIM e SPM), foram detectados por PCR e identificados por seqüenciamento. Avaliação da expressão gênica de bombas de efluxo (mexB, mexY, mexD e adeB) e de porina (OprD) foi conduzida por real-time RT-PCR. Os dados apresentados para os isolados do grupo MDR foram comparados àqueles do grupo n-MDR e a associação entre os determinantes de resistência e o fenótipo MDR foi calculada estatisticamente. Fenótipo de multiresistência foi observado em 42,2% e 84,2% das P. aeruginosa e Acinetobacter spp. estudadas. Nenhum isolado bacteriano apresentou fenótipo panresistente. Em 65 (44,2%) dos isolados de P. aeruginosa, foram detectados integrons de classe 1. Esses elementos apresentaram relação estatisticamente significativa com fenótipos MDR em P. aeruginosa. Entretanto, a maioria desses integrons não carreava nenhum cassete gênico (43/65) ou continham apenas cassetes gênicos de resistência a aminoglicosídeos (19/65). Entre os isolados de Acinetobacter spp., 11 (17,5%) apresentaram integrons de classe 1 e 30 (47,6%) integrons de classe 2. Apenas os últimos foram estatisticamente associados com fenótipos MDR. A pesquisa de metalo--lactamase (MBL) revelou a produção de enzimas SPM em 24 isolados de P. aeruginosa. Os estudos de expresão gênica demonstraram que, entre os sistemas de efluxo mais relatados para P. aeruginosa, MexXY-OprM foi o que mostrou maior diferença entre o nível de expressão dos grupos MDR e n-MDR, sugerindo que este sistema de efluxo desempenha importante papel no fenótipo MDR. Diminuição, em média de 66,4%, da produçãode OprD também foi um padrão encontrado nos isolados MDRem relação aos n-MDR. Dois grupos clonais de P. aeruginosa e dois de Acinetobacter spp. foram predominantes e tiveram relação com presença de integrons, produção de SPM-1 e com fenótipo MDR. Portanto, esse fenótipo pode ser consequência de acúmulo de determinantes de resistência em clones específicos.The non-fermenting pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are important causes of nosocomial infections. Theses species are often associated with a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, due to intrinsic and acquired resistance genes. Some determinants of resistance, such as integrons, carbapenemases, overexpression of efflux systems and porins loss may be associated with the MDR phenotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of non-MDR and MDR phenotypes in P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. to the presence of integrons and carbapenemases encoding genes, the overexpression of mexY, mexB, mexD and adeB genes and loss of the outer membrane protein, OprD. These resistance determinants were evaluated in 147 P. aeruginosa and 57 Acinetobacter spp., isolated from in-patients of University Hospital of UFJF. Isolates with different PFGE and non-susceptibility profiles were grouped according to MDR or non-MDR phenotypes. PCR and real-time RT-PCR were used to investigate the presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons and carbapenemase encoding genes and the expression of mexY, mexB, mexD and adeB efflux pumps and OprD porin, respectively. Class 1 integrons were one of the most common genetic elements present in MDR P. aeruginosa (44,2%), but the phenotype could not be attributed to these elements, since they showed empty (43/65) or only aminoglycoside gene cassettes (19/65). Class 2 integrons were the most common genetic elements in MDR Acinetobacter spp., and this association was statistically significant. SPM encoding gene was the only carbapenemase gene found in P. aeruginosa and, predominantly, in the PFGE cluster A. Expression of MexXY-OprM determined by real-time RT-PCR was the highest variable between MDR and non-MDR P. aeruginosa isolates (almost 10-fold). Reduction of 66.4% in OprD expression was observed in MDR P. aeruginosa, in comparison with non-MDR ones. It is concluded that the most important genetic determinants in the MDR phenotype of P. aeruginosa were SPM-1 production, followed by MexXY-OprM over expression and diminished production of OprD, while class 2 integrons was the most important genetic determinant of MDR phenotype in A. baumannii.
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Nascimento, Laura de Oliveira. "Porinas e suas ações imunomoduladoras dependentes de TLR2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-21032013-125043/.
Full textAbstract:
Os micro-organismos podem infectar seu hospedeiro por diferentes vias, sendo a principal o trato respiratório. O reconhecimento pela mucosa dessas vias pode desencadear inibição da proliferação e bloqueio da entrada microbiana, assim como estimular resposta direcionada a memória imunológica para prevenir posteriores infecções. Alguns micro-organismo, como as bactérias Neisseria meningitidis e Neisseria lactamica, são capazes de modular a resposta imune de mucosa diretamente, ou por meio das células epiteliais respiratórias. Este trabalho propôs, então, a avaliação das porinas B provenientes destas bactérias como moduladoras da produção de IL-8 nas linhagens BEAS-2B e Detroit 562. Também foi avaliada a dependência deste estímulo ao receptor TLR2. Ambas as porinas se ligaram a TLR2 e por este receptor estimularam a produção de IL-8. O perfil de produção foi dependente da expressão de TLR2 pelas células. A porina lactâmica induziu menos IL-8 por regular negativamente a expressão de TLR2, mas sua afinidade pelo receptor se mostrou maior que a da porina meningocócica. As porinas são então moduladoras das células de mucosa, fato que somado a atividade adjuvante destas proteínas por via parenteral estimulou a avaliação destas como adjuvantes de mucosa. O modelo escolhido para a avaliação foi o de inoculação intranasal de camundongos, utilizando como antígeno o lipopolissacarídio pouco imunogênico de Franciscella tularensis atenuada (Ft-LPS). A análise foi baseada no título de anticorpos IgG e IgM séricos. A porina meningocócica se mostrou a mais imunogênica, mas por ser originária de patógeno acarreta maior risco biológico em sua produção. Para viabilizar a porina meningocócica como adjuvante, a mesma foi substituída por porina homóloga produzida de modo recombinante em Escherichia coli não patogênica. A porina recombinante foi avaliada pelo mesmo sistema in vivo e comparada a adjuvantes experimentais de ação conhecida (rCTB, QS-21 e ODN 1826). A porina apresentou o melhor desempenho entre todos os adjuvantes, principalmente dois meses após o fim do esquema vacinal. O mesmo adjuvante foi adicionado ao vírus da raiva para caracterizar a amplitude de antígenos para sua aplicação e o efeito biológico dos anticorpos induzidos. Os resultados obtidos por via intranasal com antígeno da raiva confirmaram a propriedade de adjuvante de mucosa da porina recombinante, aumentando os títulos de IgG séricos. O ensaio biológico dos anticorpos por RFFIT comprovaram a funcionalidade dos anticorpos gerados, neutralizando a infectividade viral em células BHK-21. O uso da porina por via subcutânea não aumentou o nível de anticorpos neutralizantes, mas aumentou o de IgG. Não foi detectada imunidade celular específica de linfócitos do baço ao vírus da raiva nos parâmetros avaliados, independente da adição de adjuvantes. Em resumo, as porinas foram caracterizadas como relevantes na imunomodulação de células da mucosa respiratória por infecção meningocócica. A modulação também foi relevante para o aumento de resposta humoral frente a diferentes antígenos, por diferentes vias de administração, o que demonstra a eficiência e versatilidade da porina recombinante como adjuvante imunológico.Microorganisms can invade the host through many routes, specially the respiratory tract. The respiratory mucosa is responsible for recognition, inhibition, proliferation and entry blockade of microorganisms, besides incitation of immunological memory to prevent further infections. Some microorganisms, such as Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica, can modulate the mucosa immune response directly or through stimulation of respiratory epithelial cells. The present work proposed the evaluation of porin B proteins, derived from these microorganisms, as modulators of IL-8 production on respiratory epithelial cell strains BEAS-2B and Detroit 562. TLR2 receptor dependency for the modulation was also evaluated. Both porins bounded to TLR2 and through this receptor were able to stimulate IL-8 production, whereas this profile was correlated with TLR2 expression. Lactamica porin (Nlac PorB) induced less IL-8 and TLR2 expression, also for a shorter period of time. The effect caused by Nlac PorB was attributed to TLR2 down regulated expression, since its binding affinity to the receptor is greater than meningococcal porin (Nmen PorB). Porins were therefore able to immune modulate mucosal cells, fact that allied with their parenteral adjuvant activity incited evaluation of porins as potential mucosal adjuvants. The model chosen for the evaluation was intranasal immunization of mice, using as the antigen a low immunogenic lipopolysaccharide extracted from attenuated Franciscella tularensis (Ft-LPS). The evaluation was based on IgG and IgM serum titers. After the immunization scheme, Nmen PorB induced higher IgG and IgM titers than Nlac PorB. Although Nmen PorB was more efficient, it comes from a pathogen. To overcome the risk of its production, it was replaced by recombinant porin (rPorB) produced by Escherichia coli. rPorB was evaluated by the same model and compared with well known experimental adjuvants (rCTB, QS-21 e ODN 1826). rPoB had the highest IgM and IgG titers among all adjuvants tested, specially two months after vaccination. The same adjuvant was also combined with a viral antigen to characterize its application wideness and biological function of incited antibodies. Results obtained with rabies antigen by intranasal route confirmed the mucosal adjuvant properties of rPorB, increasing IgG titers induced by the antigen. These antibodies were also capable of virus neutralization, as demonstrated in RFFIT assays. rPoB didn´t raise neutralizing antibody titers by subcutaneous route, but increased IgG titers. Cellular immunity was undetectable in spleen lymphocytes with the screening method used, regardless of adjuvant addition. In conclusion, porins were characterized as revelant for immunomodulation of the respiratory mucosal cells, caused by infection with meningococcus. The immunomodulation was also revelant for increase of humoral reponse to different antigens and by different routes, pointing out recombinant porin B as an efficient and versatile immunological adjuvant.
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Neves, Patricia Regina. "Alterações da permeabilidade e expressão de bombas de efluxo em isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente ao imipenem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-09022012-162542/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistentes estão associados a elevadas taxas de mortalidade. A resistência ao imipenem é uma urgência global, uma vez que é considerado o tratamento de escolha para infecções associadas a bactérias Gram negativas multirresistentes. Assim, elucidar os mecanismos de resistência é de vital importância para realizar um controle epidemiológico efetivo da disseminação deste tipo de isolado. Objetivos: Caracterizar os principais mecanismos de resistência ao imipenem em 76 isolados clínicos brasileiros de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, recuperados em 2004/2007, de 4 centros hospitalares do Estado de São Paulo. Material e métodos: Foram investigados: i) o perfil de resistência com determinação da CIM do imipenem; ii) a detecção de metalo-betalactamases (MBL) através de métodos fenotípicos e genotípicos; iii) a sensibilidade e especificidade do método de dupla difusão do disco na detecção de MBL; iv) a presença de genes codificadores de metilases 16S RNAr e sua associação com fenótipos aminoglicosídeo resistentes; v) alterações da permeabilidade por perda da porina OprD; vi) a presença ou ausência do gene oprD por PCR; vii) triagem fenotípica para expressão de bombas de efluxo através da determinação da CIM de quinolonas, cefalosporinas e carbapenêmicos na presença/ausência de inibidores específicos, realizando uma análise comparativa com o método de disco combinado; viii) os genes associados às bombas de efluxo mexA e mexE, através de PCR; ix) caracterizar a expressão das bombas de efluxo MexAB-OprM e MexEF-OprN, x) a clonalidade dos isolados por tipagem genotípica, através de ERIC-PCR, avaliando a relação genética (dendrograma) e sua associação com o predomínio de um determinado mecanismo de resistência. Resultados: Dentre os isolados de P. aeruginosa resistentes ao imipenem estudados (n=76, CIM50 e CIM90 = 32 µg/mL e > 512 µg/mL, respectivamente) 82% apresentaram um fenótipo de multirresistência. O principal mecanismo de resistência ao imipenem foi a produção de MBL, detectada em 74% dos isolados, e destes, 62% carregavam o gene blaSPM-1 e 12% carregavam o gene blaVIM-like. O método de dupla difusão do disco identificou a produção de MBL em 61% dos isolados. A combinação CAZ/MAA apresentou maior sensibilidade na detecção de MBL associada à SPM-1 (89%), mostrando uma especificidade de 86%. A presença do gene rmtD foi confirmada em 66% das amostras resistentes aos aminoglicosídeos, sendo que a presença concomitante do gene rmtD e do gene blaSPM-1 foi confirmada em 61% dos isolados. A deleção da porina OprD foi observada em 71% dos isolados. Dentre os isolados MBL positivos, 66% apresentaram ausência desta porina e, dentre as amostras MBL negativas, 85% não apresentaram OprD. Assim, para a resistência ao imipenem foi confirmada a contribuição de dois mecanismos, mediados pela presença de MBL e ausência de porina OprD. Em 13% (10/76) isolados, a deleção da porina OprD esteve associada à presença de seqüências de inserção (SI) em uma região anterior ao gene oprD. Por outro lado, a ausência de amplificação da região 736/1394 do gene oprD, em 11% (9/76) dos isolados, sugeriu a presença de polimorfismos. O gene mexA esteve presente em 92% dos isolados, enquanto que o gene mexE esteve presente em 82% dos isolados. A triagem de bombas de efluxo por disco combinado e análise da CIM na presença de reserpina, CCCP e PAβN, utilizando levofloxacina, meropenem, aztreonam, imipenem ou levofloxacina, não teve correlação com a superexpressão dos sistemas MexAB-OprM e MexEF-OprN. Ambos os métodos careceram de especificidade e sensibilidade quando comparados ao PCR em tempo real. A superexpressão dos sistemas mexA e mexE foi confirmada em 35% (7/20) isolados MBL negativos, enquanto que 11% (6/56) isolados MBL positivos apresentaram superexpressão do gene mexA ou mexE, sendo que 7% (4/56) isolados MBL positivos superexpressaram ambos os genes. A superexpressão dos sistemas MexAB-OprM e MexEFOprN como único mecanismo de resistência ao meropenem e imipenem foi confirmada em 10% (2/20) dos isolados MBL negativos. Nos 76 isolados, a tipagem genotípica por ERIC-PCR, identificou a presença de 24 clusters (considerando 90% de similaridade na análise do dendrograma). Conclusão: A convergência de múltiplos mecanismos de resistência em P. aeruginosa parece ser um evento favorável para a seleção de clones endêmicos multirresistentes disseminados na região Sudeste do Brasil.Introduction: Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with high mortality rates. Resistance to imipenem is a global concern, since it is a drug of choice for the treatment of infections produced by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, research on resistance mechanisms is crucial to carry out an effective program for infection control and epidemiology of imipenem-resistant strains. Objective: to characterize the major mechanisms of imipenem resistance in 76 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa recovered from clinical samples collected, from 2004 to 2007, in four hospitals in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Material and methods: Isolates were screened for: i) resistance profile to antibacterial agents, determining the MIC of imipenem; ii) the detection of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) by phenotypic and genotypic methods, iii) MBL detection by using a double-disk diffusion test (D-test), determining the sensitivity and specificity of the assay; iv) the presence of genes encoding 16S rRNA methylases and their association with aminoglycoside-resistant phenotypes, v) changes in the bacterial permeability due to porin (OprD) loss; vi) the presence or absence of the oprD gene by using PCR; vii) phenotypic expression of efflux pumps by determining the MIC of quinolones, cephalosporins and carbapenems in the presence/absence of specific inhibitors, performing a comparative analysis with a combined-disk method, viii) genes encoding efflux pumps proteins (mexC and mexX) by PCR; ix) MexAB-OprM and MexEF efflux pumps expression; x) clonal relatedness, by ERIC-PCR genotyping, regarding the predominance of major resistance genotypes. Results: Among imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains (n=76, MIC50 e MIC90 = 32 µg/mL e > 512 µg/mL, respectively) 82% showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. The main mechanism of imipenem resistance was the MBL production detected in 74% strains, of which 62% harbored the blaSPM-1 gene, and 12% harbored the blaVIM-like gene. The D-test identified MBL production in 61% strains. In this regard, CAZ/MAA was the most sensitive combination for MBL detection associated to SPM-1 enzyme (89%), exhibiting 86% specificity. The presence of the rmtD 16S rRNA methylase gene was confirmed in 66% aminoglycoside-resistant strains. Moreover, presence of both rmtD and blaSPM-1 genes was identified in 61% strains. Loss of OprD porins was observed in 71% strains. In this regard, 66% MBL positive strains and 85% MBL negative strains showed OprD loss. Thus, MBL production and OprD loss contributed to imipenem resistance in P. aeruginosa. Most likely, in 13% (10/76) strains the porin loss was associated to insertion sequences (SI) inserted upstream of the oprD gene. On the other hand, in 11% (9/76) strains the absence of a PCR product targeting the 736/1394 region of the oprD gene, suggested the presence of polymorphisms. The mexA gene was identified in 92% strains, whereas the mexE gene was identified in 82% strains. Results obtained from efflux pump screening by using a combined-disk assay and MIC determination in the presence of reserpine, CCCP e PABN (using levofloxacin, meropenem, aztreonam or imipenem) was not correlated with results obtained from MexAB-OprM and MexEF-OprN overexpression analysis by RT-PCR. In this regard, both combined-disk and MIC assay showed lack of specificity and sensitivity in comparison to RT-PCR. Overexpression of mexA and mexE genes was confirmed in 35% (7/20) MBL-negative and 11% (6/56) MBL-positive strains, respectively, being 7% (4/56) MBL-positive strains overexpressed both genes. The overexpression of MexAB-OprM and MexEF-OprN efflux pumps, as only mechanism of resistance to meropenem and imipenem was observed in 10% (2/20) MBL-negative strains. ERICPCR typing revealed the presence of 24 clusters among 76 imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains (≥ 90% similarity). Conclusion: The convergence of multiple mechanisms of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa seems to be a favorable event for the selection of multiresistant clones endemic in the southeastern region of Brazil.
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Guzmán, Santibáñez Diego Ignacio. "Influencia del vaporizado sobre la resistencia a la pudrición de madera de renoval de roble (Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151386.
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Profesional de Ingeniero de la MaderaNothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst (roble o pellín), es una especie que se distribuye desde la Región de Valparaíso hasta la Región de Los Lagos; también habita en Argentina. Esta especie se caracteriza por la alta durabilidad natural que presenta su madera en individuos adultos. Sin embargo, para la madera proveniente de renovales, con diferentes características de color y densidad, no existen antecedentes sobre su comportamiento frente al ataque de hongos de pudrición u otros agentes de biodeterioro. Actualmente, la madera de renovales de roble es sometida a un tratamiento de “vaporizado”, el que tiene como objetivo igualar el color rosado a rojizo del duramen de la madera de renoval, con el rojo oscuro del duramen de roble pellín, mucho más apreciado en el mercado. Con el objetivo de proporcionar antecedentes sobre la durabilidad natural de la madera de renoval de roble y de la influencia del tratamiento de cambio de color (vaporizado), se evaluó la resistencia de estas maderas frente a la acción de hongos de pudrición mediante la pérdida de peso, solubilidad en soda y el % de lignina. Para realizar el estudio se utilizó madera de renoval de roble, empleándose 40 probetas de albura y 40 de duramen. Se aplicó el proceso de vaporizado a 20 probetas de cada grupo, de manera de compararlas con el comportamiento de la madera sin vaporizar frente al ataque del hongo de pudrición blanca Polystictus versicolor y de pudrición café Poria monticola, utilizando además, 20 probetas de roble adulto como testigo. La mitad de las probetas de cada conjunto fue evaluada a los 2 meses (T1) y el resto a los 4 meses (T2) desde el inicio del ataque fúngico. Los resultados indicaron que el vaporizado no tuvo influencia sobre la resistencia de la madera de renoval frente al ataque de P. versicolor, que generó el %PP más alto para todos los tipos de madera a los 2 meses de acción fúngica. Así mismo, el % de solubilidad en soda indicó que el hongo de pudricion blanca provocó el mayor biodeterioro en comparación con el hongo de pudricion café. Para el caso de P. monticola, se observó que el vaporizado tampoco tuvo efecto sobre la resistencia al ataque de pudrición, generándose el mayor biodeterioro a los 4 meses (T2) que a los 2 meses (T1). Esto señaló finalmente, que la madera de renoval de roble no es una madera durable, considerando su resistencia frente al ataque de hongos de pudrición.
Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst (roble o pellín), is a specie allocated from Valparaiso Region to Los Lagos Region, Chile, also it can be found in Argentina. This kind is characterised by its high natural durability of its wood in adults members. Nevertheless, there are not history, for wood from secondary forests, with different characteristics of color and density, about its behaviour against the fungal attack or other biodeterioration agents. Nowadays, the roble wood from secondary forests is subjected to a “steaming” treatment, which aims to equalize pink to reddish heartwood color of the wood from secondary forests, with the dark red of the roble pellin heartwood, much more appreciated in the market. In order to provide history about the natural durability of the roble secondary forest wood, and of the influence of the color change treatment (steaming), the resistance of these woods against the action of fungal through weightloss, soda solubility and the lignin percentage was evaluated. Roble wood (renoval) was used to carry out the research, using 40 test tubes for sapwood and 40 test tubes for heartwood. Steaming process was tested in 20 test tubes of each group to do the comparison with those samples that were not under the process but under the white rot fungi attack Polystictus versicolor and the brown fungi Poria monticola. Also 20 test tubes of old roble were used as reference sample. Half of the samples of each group was checked at two months (T1) and the remaining samples at four months (T2) since the attacks of fungi started. The results shown that the steaming did not affect the wood resistance against the attack of P. versicolor produced the highest %PP for all the samples at 2 months of the test. Moreover, the %S indicated that the white fungi produced a bigger biodeterioration than the brown one. In the case of P. Monticola, it was observed that the steaming had no effect neither about the resistance of fungal attack, generating the greatest deterioration at 4 months (T2) than 2 months (T1). This finally pointed that the roble secondary forest wood is not a durable one, considering its resistance against the fungal attack
Books on the topic "Porirua"
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1940-, Murray Bruce, Wood David R, and Tawa Historical Society, eds. Best of Tawa: Porirua, and they who settled it : first published in the Canterbury times, 11 March 1914 to 1 July 1914. Wellington, N.Z: Tawa Historical Society, 2007.
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Powys, Theodore Francis. Porius. London: Overlook Duckworth, 2007.
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Rimon, D. Poriyut ha-ḳarḳaʻ. Ramat ha-Sharon: D. Rimon, 1991.
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Powys, Theodore Francis. Porius: [a novel]. Edited by Krissdottir Morine and Bond Judith. New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2007.
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Programme, Rainbow Reading, and Nelson Education Centre, eds. Biking the Porika. Nelson, N.Z: Rainbow Reading Programme, 1995.
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Livadas, Vias. Amtistrofi poria. Cyprus: Livadas, 1986.
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Christodoulou, Miltiades. I poria mias epohis. Athens: Floros, 1987.
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O Rakičevom pesimizmu i srpskom samoubilačkom porivu. Beograd: Narodna Knjiga, Alfa, 2000.
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Keith, W. J. John Cowper Powys's Porius: A reader's companion. [Toronto: s.n.], 2005.
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Powys, Theodore Francis. Porius: A romance of the Dark Ages. Edited by Albrecht Wilbur T. [Hamilton, N.Y.]: Colgate University Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Porirua"
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Wagner, Hildebert, Rudolf Bauer, Dieter Melchart, Pei-Gen Xiao, and Anton Staudinger. "Poria — Fuling." In Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Herbal Medicines, 923–34. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0763-8_75.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Poria Cocos Extract." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 442. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8240.
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Hu, C., R. Nögel, J. Hummelsberger, and U. Engelhardt. "Monographie 44: Poria (Fuling 茯苓)." In Paozhi: Die Aufbereitung chinesischer Arzneimittel, 379–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55846-1_49.
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Gou, Xiao-jun, Gang He, and Xiao-qiang Guo. "Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf 茯苓 (Fuling, Indian Bread)." In Dietary Chinese Herbs, 781–88. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99448-1_87.
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"SERMO, IN PATRES, QUI TEM PORIBUS SUIS CONSUM MATI SUNT." In Works Found in Greek Attributed to Ephrem, edited by Gerhard Vossius, 766–69. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463224615-035.
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"Reconceptualising dark tourism AvITAL BIRAN AND YANIv PORIA." In Contemporary Tourist Experience, 75–86. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203139110-11.
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Yang, H., Y. F. Yang, L. Q. Duan, Q. J. Ling, and Z. Huang*. "Poria cocos polysaccharide decorated selenium nanoparticles attenuate colitis by suppressing hyper inflammation." In Selenium Research for Environment and Human Health: Perspectives, Technologies and Advancements, 221–22. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429423482-102.
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Li, Xiulian, Lina Ma, and Lijuan Zhang. "Molecular basis for Poria cocos mushroom polysaccharide used as an antitumor drug in China." In Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 263–96. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.02.011.
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Kuzuoglu, Sina, and Stella Kladou. "Challenges to sustainability in prospective world heritage sites." In Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World. Goodfellow Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635765-4846.
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Heritage cities often build on their cultural assets to develop as destinations. Yet, the assets communicated to visitors usually present only part of the picture. Heritage cities often tend to possess a significant cultural value that is hidden from the prying eyes. This value is not only exhibited as tangible assets, but the accumulation of knowledge and experience in the culture-laden milieu is also central to the notion of heritage (Falser, 2015). Such intangible elements have found their way into international discussions in recent years (Vecco, 2010). Heritage cities, as living spaces, also embrace a cultural heritage inseparable from local communities, and in a broader perspective, from the whole of humanity. This perspective is central to the creation of World Heritage Sites (WHSs) seeking to protect the world’s heritage with Outstanding Universal Value under the umbrella of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1972). In this process, however, the heritage assets inscribed as WHSs are nominated by national governments which, upon inscription, become the primary entity responsible for safeguarding their integrity. The primary motivation for this research is the centralized governance structure in developing countries and how this affects the potential to achieve sustainability through tourism development. Turkey is an example of such a centralized system in regard to tourism and heritage management (Yüksel et al., 2005) which includes the WHSs. In Turkey, WHSs are not only effective tools to aid foreign policy (Atakuman, 2010) but are also integral to culture-driven tourism strategy (Ozturk & van Niekerk, 2014). Despite inconclusive evidence in the literature on the relationship between proliferation of tourism and WHS status (Jimura, 2011; Poria et al., 2013), Turkey’s proactive relationship with UNESCO may be interpreted as reaffirming the perceived linkage between WHS status and visitation.
Conference papers on the topic "Porirua"
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Barrantes, Francisco, Andrew McMenamin, and Roger Tang. "Hutt River pipeline bridge spanning across the Wellington fault." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0513.
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<p>This project originates from the need to provide seismic resilient solution for water supply to Wellington and Porirua. With other factors influencing the design, the pipeline crossing must withstand seismic loads including the rupture event of the Wellington Fault with movement of +/-6.5 m parallel to the river stream</p><p>The option study for the pipeline crossing concluded on using a bridge structure spanning the river and the geological Fault. This network arch bridge structure selected is provided with enough movement capacity to withstand the effects of the fault rupture movement without failure.</p><p>The length of the bridge structure is defined so to match the differential rotations between the supports to the allowable limits for the pipeline flex joints. To resist these seismic effects, the structure is provided with seismic restrainers that, at the same time as supporting the seismic load, provide enough rotation capability to accommodate movements on the foundations due to the Fault’s ruptureevent.</p>
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Sal, Neda, and Fiona Beals. "Foreword." In 2021 ITP Research Symposium. Unitec ePress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/proc.2205001.
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The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand, Whitireia and WelTec had the pleasure of co-hosting the 2021 ITP Research Symposium online on 25 and 26 November 2021. The theme for the 2021 symposium was aumangea (resilience), a concept that resonated across the sector through the multiplicities of change and the realities of Covid-19. The event was originally intended to be a kanohi ki te kanohi symposium on site at the Whitireia Campus in Porirua, but as with many conferences and symposia, Covid-19 measures saw it being transformed into a totally online affair. We were humbled to have hosted over 300 delegates and just over 130 abstracts from experienced, emerging and new researchers from diverse discipline areas. The presenters were geographically dispersed across Aotearoa, from the Far North all the way to the Deep South, but committed in their enthusiasm for and appreciation of research even during a worldwide pandemic, which is a true testimony of the ‘resilience’ of our researchers across the sector during testing times. It was also great to see strong representation of researchers particularly from EIT, Toi Ohomai, Unitec and MIT, and the hosting institutes, among others.
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Wang, Wenjie, Zhian Zheng, Lei Gao, Xiongchu Zhang, Zimei Zhang, and Rongyan Wang. "Design of intelligent horizontal Poria cocos peeling machine." In 2021 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12-16, 2021. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202100299.
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Zhang, Xianyi, Runyu Wang, Rongze Jin, Shuxin Ji, and Mengzhen Tian. "Application of poria cocos in the treatment of heart disease." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FBSE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094311.
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Si, Shan, Nie Peng, Jiang Li, Yuwen Yan, and Xiaojun Yan. "Bioinformatics Analysis on Molecular Mechanism of Poria Cocos in Treatment of Jaundice." In 2016 International Conference on Computer Engineering, Information Science & Application Technology (ICCIA 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccia-16.2016.4.
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Zheng, Zhian, Ping Zhang, Jiao Wang, Yuxin Zhang, and Zusongying Zhao. "Evaluation of different pretreatments for <i>Poria cocos</i>." In 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201800841.
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Guo, Jing, Peng Zeng, Meng Fang, and Han Zhao. "Network Pharmacological Analysis and Preliminary Validation of Mechanisms of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf Against Stroke." In 2021 International Conference on Public Health and Data Science (ICPHDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icphds53608.2021.00058.
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Zheng, Zhian, Ping Zhang, Yuxin Zhang, and Zusongying Zhao. "Effects of different pretreatments on quality attributes of <i>Poria cocos</i>." In 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201800839.
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Wang, Wenjie, Zhian Zheng, Shufeng Chen, Shanyu Wang, and Andi Chen. "Effect of different temperature and humidity stress combined with steaming on the quality of Poria cocos peel." In 2021 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12-16, 2021. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202100297.
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Zheng, Zhi�an, Zusongying Zhao, Ping Zhang, Qingwu Jiang, Bo Lin, and Pengtao Li. "<i>Poria cocos Soil-transfer Cultivation Experiment and Its Impact on Yield</i>." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700936.
Full textReports on the topic "Porirua"
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Wang, Qin, Xinya Peng, and Congchao Jia. Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanism of Poria cocos-based Formulas Combined with Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: A Integrated Systems Pharmacology Study. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0060.
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