Academic literature on the topic 'Porcine'

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Journal articles on the topic "Porcine"

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Zemenu Adiss, Getnet. "Porcine Circovirus: Historical Outlooks and Non-Porcine Victims." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000191.

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Porcine circovirus is an important viral species in the genus circovirus. It causes an immerse economic losses in the piggery industry. According to the retrospective studies, PCV2 has circulated before its acclaimed detection from samples taken as of the first outbreak in Canada. A bit far on in time, it has been reported in Europe, United States and Asian countries. The disease is endemic in most pig producing countries. Since then phylogeny studies supported for the immergence of various new Porcine circoviruses variants and genotypes. In addition to its natural reservoirs (wild and feral pigs), it also inhibits calves, goats, canines and mice. Some insects like mosquitoes are also the potential carrier of PCV2 even let it for cross species transmission. Hence those proper prevention measures of the mechanical carrier vectors of the disease should be noted together with the need of efficient vaccine against the pathogenic porcine circoviruses types.
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Stafford, K., Y. Stafford, D. Paton, and P. Gamble. "Anticorps de quelques maladies du porc dans les élevages commerciaux du centre de la Zambie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 45, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1992): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8907.

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Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés sur 121 truies (jeunes et adultes) provenant de 7 porcheries commerciales situées autour de Lusaka (Zambie). Ils ont été reconnus négatifs pour la maladie d'Aujeszky, la gastroentérite contagieuse, la grippe porcine, la peste porcine classique et la brucellose. Soixante dix huit porcs provenant de cinq fermes ont réagi positivement au parvovirus porcin. Dix huit sérums se sont révélés positifs à Leptospira celledoni.
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Barrow, Rachel T., John F. Healey, David Gailani, Dorothea Scandella, and Pete Lollar. "Reduction of the antigenicity of factor VIII toward complex inhibitory antibody plasmas using multiply-substituted hybrid human/porcine factor VIII molecules." Blood 95, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.2.564.

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Factor VIII (fVIII) circulates as a heavy chain/light chain (A1-A2-B/ap-A3-C1-C2) heterodimer. The 41-residue light chain activation peptide, ap, is cleaved from fVIII during proteolytic activation by thrombin or factor Xa. We constructed 7 active recombinant hybrid B-domainless human/porcine fVIII molecules that contained combinations of porcine sequence replacements within the A2, ap-A3, and C2 domains. The cross-reactivity of 23 high-titer inhibitory antibodies between human fVIII and the hybrids was inversely related to the degree of porcine substitution. In all plasmas, the substitution of all 3 regions yielded cross-reactivities that were not significantly different from those of porcine fVIII. To differentiate between inhibitor binding to the ap region and the A3 domain, we constructed 2 additional hybrids that contained porcine A2 and C2 domain substitutions and either porcine A3 or porcineap substitutions. The porcine ap segment was less antigenic than the human ap segment in several plasmas that had activity against the ap-A3 region. This indicates that some inhibitor plasmas contain antibodies directed against the fVIIIap segment in addition to A2, A3, and C2 domain epitopes identified in previous studies. Substitution of porcine sequences within the A2, A3, C2, and ap regions of human fVIII is necessary and sufficient to achieve a maximal reduction in antigenicity relative to porcine fVIII with respect to most inhibitory antibody plasmas.
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Fibrianto, Yuda Heru. "Development of Intergeneric Canine Embryo Using Bovine and Porcine Oocyte as Cytoplasm Recipient." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (October 13, 2015): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.16366.

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This study wa conducted to increase the efficiency of canine embryo production by intergeneric somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. The effect of oocyte recipient for development of intergeneric canine somatic cell cloning embryos were examined. Bovine and porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and matured in TCM-199 medium depend on species. Adult dog fibroblasts collected from 3.5 years old Afghandhound dog, and cell between passage 1 and passage 10 used for intergeneric somatic cell cloning using bovine and porcin oocytes as oocyte cytolplasm donor. The result showed that oocytes from bovine and porcine can de-differentiated canine nucleus and no different between bovine and porcine oocyte in fusion and embryo development in vitro. Canine intergeneric cloned embryos developed to morula stages in vitro.
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Ramos-Clamont, M. G., and L. Vázquez-Moreno. "FOAMING PROPERTIES OF PORCINE SERUM AND PORCINE SERUM ALBUMIN PROPIEDADES ESPUMANTES DEL SUERO Y ALBÚMINA PORCINA." Ciencia y Tecnologia Alimentaria 5, no. 2 (July 2006): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11358120609487679.

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Marchot, P., A. Vermeylen, Guy Hendrickx, and Philippe Leroy. "Observation de sclérectasie dans un élevage de porc à Sotouboua, Togo." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 45, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1992): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8906.

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Des cas de sclérectasie ont été décrits dans un élevage porcin à Sotouboua, Togo. Le virus de la peste porcine pourrait en être l'origine, la consanguinité étant un facteur prédisposant. Les éleveurs doivent rester vigilants.
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Zheng, LL, XH Jin, FS Wei, CQ Wang, HY Chen, YB Wang, and ZY Wei. "Simultaneous detection of porcine pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus and porcine circovirus type 2 by multiplex real-time PCR and amplicon melting curve analysis using SYBR Green I." Veterinární Medicína 63, No. 8 (August 20, 2018): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2018-vetmed.

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Porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2 can cause reproductive failure in pigs, and swine are often simultaneously infected by combinations of the three viruses. We here report the development of a SYBR Green I-based multiplex real time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2. Three pairs of specific primers were designed for the porcine parvovirus-VP2, porcine pseudorabies virus-gH and porcine circovirus type 2-ORF2 genes. Viral genomes were identified based on their distinctive melting temperatures in singleplex PCR reactions. The melting temperature was 74.5 °C for the 313 bp amplicon of porcine parvovirus-VP2 gene, 87.5 °C for the 355 bp amplicon of porcine pseudorabies virus-gH gene and 80.5 °C for the 171 bp amplicon of the porcine circovirus type 2-ORF2 gene, respectively. The detection limit of the method ranged from 0.01–0.03 TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml for the three viruses. In addition, porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2 viral loads were measured in 100 field samples, and the result showed that the concordance between real-time PCR and conventional PCR was 60.42%. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR were 100% and 100%, while those of conventional PCR were 40.83% and 72.22%, respectively.
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MORVAN, Hervé. "DOMINANTES EN PATHOLOGIE PORCINE : la filière porcine." Bulletin de l'Académie vétérinaire de France, no. 1 (2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/48068.

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Ramsay, T. G. "Porcine leptin inhibits lipogenesis in porcine adipocytes1,2." Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 3008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2003.81123008x.

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Petrová, I., M. Sedmíková, E. Chmelíková, D. Švestková, and R. Rajmon. "In vitro aging of porcine oocytes." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 3 (December 12, 2011): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4285-cjas.

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Porcine oocytes matured in vitro develop in various ways if they are further cultivated. In our studies these oocytes were cultivated for 1 to 5 days (in vitro aging). During the 1st day of aging, most of them remained at the stage of metaphase II (98%). Then many oocytes underwent the spontaneous parthenogenetic activation. The portion of activated oocytes reached its peak after 2 or 3 days of aging in vitro (39 or 45%). The portion of fragmented oocytes peaked at the same time (28%). During subsequent aging in vitro (i.e. day 4 or 5 of aging), the portion of lysed oocytes significantly increased (30 or 37%). The highest portion of spontaneously activated parthenogenetic embryos at a pronuclear stage (35%) was observed during the 2nd day of aging in vitro. These pronuclear embryos had mainly one polar body with two pronuclei (47% of all pronuclear embryos) or two polar bodies with one pronucleus (38% of all pronuclear embryos). During the 3rd and 5th day of in vitro aging, there was a significant increase in the portion of parthenogenetic embryos cleaved to the 2-cell or 3-cell stage. When considering the prolonged in vitro culture of porcine oocyte, only the first day of aging should be taken into account, since beyond this time significant changes, i.e. parthenogenesis, fragmentation or lysis, occurred in oocytes under in vitro conditions. &nbsp;
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Porcine"

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com, jmuhling@gmail, and Jill Muhling. "Australian Porcine Circoviruses." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061129.141643.

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Two types of porcine circovirus (PCV) exist, referred to as PCV1 and PCV2. PCV2 has been associated with disease syndromes in pigs, including that designated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which has been identified in all regions of the world bar Australia (Hamel et al., 1998; Allan et al., 1999a; Onuki et al., 1999; Martelli et al., 2000; Kyriakis et al., 2000; Wellenberg et al., 2000; Done et al., 2001; Trujano et al., 2001; Saradell et al., 2004; Castro et al., 2004; Jemersic et al., 2004; Maldonado et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Motovski and Segales, 2004; Garkavenko et al., 2005). PMWS affects young weaner pigs and results in weight loss, tachypnea, dyspnea, enlarged lymph nodes and jaundice (Harding, 1998). PCV2 may also cause or contribute to other swine diseases such as congential tremors (CT) (Stevenson et al., 1999), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (Rosell et al., 2000), reproductive failure (Meehan et al., 2001) and several other emerging disease syndromes. PCV1 is currently considered to be non-pathogenic. Although PMWS has not been reported in Australia, information on the distribution, variation and further characterisation of PCV in Australian pigs was necessary as it might provide insights into why there is no PCV-associated disease in this country. The results reported in this thesis involved the detection and further study of porcine circovirus in Australia. This chapter provides an outline of this thesis and the work undertaken, while Chapter 2 is a review of the relevant literature with particular reference to circoviral diseases. Chapter 3 describes the detection of both PCV1 and PCV2 in the Australian pig herd, using a multiplex PCR designed to differentiate between the two viral types. The association of Australian PCV with two disease outbreaks was also investigated. Following the detection of both viruses, it was important to genetically compare Australian PCV with overseas strains known to cause disease, and this was achieved with a sequencing and phylogenetic study as described in Chapter 4. Possible reasons for the genetic groupings and distribution of different PCV2 strains worldwide are also discussed in this chapter. As PMWS is as yet unidentified in Australian pigs, the importation of pig meat into Australia from countries with the disease requires careful monitoring. Current protocols for the cooking of imported pig meat were designed to inactivate porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (PRRSV), and as such may not be effective against PCV. In this study (Chapter 5), Australian PCV2 was successfully infected into cell culture, and detected using a variety of techniques. Subsequently, thermal stability experiments were performed using a newly-developed immunoperoxidase (IPMA) test. It was anticipated that this study would determine whether current importation protocols require revision, and the results would suggest that this is the case, with PCV2 unaffected by treatment comparable with current cooking protocols. While no animal experiments were undertaken in this study, it may become necessary to infect pigs with Australian PCV to determine viral pathogenicity. Cell culture inoculums have been used in the past overseas, but problems with contamination and viral titre have been encountered (Fenaux et al., 2001). Viral infectious clones can be used to overcome these problems, so an infectious clone of Australian PCV2 was constructed, as described in Chapter 6. While time constraints prevented the clone from being infected into culture, it is anticipated that the construct would be infectious as it is based on a previously published method (Hattermann et al., 2004). Chapter 7 is a general discussion of the results and conclusions from this study. The detection and characterisation of Australian PCV as described in this study has provided further information on the status of PCV in the Australian pig herd, and also developed diagnostic tests to assist in future research. These tools will be important when assessing and managing the risk of Australia experiencing PCV-associated diseases.
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Muhling, Jill. "Australian porcine circoviruses." Thesis, Muhling, Jill (2006) Australian porcine circoviruses. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/488/.

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Two types of porcine circovirus (PCV) exist, referred to as PCV1 and PCV2. PCV2 has been associated with disease syndromes in pigs, including that designated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which has been identified in all regions of the world bar Australia (Hamel et al., 1998; Allan et al., 1999a; Onuki et al., 1999; Martelli et al., 2000; Kyriakis et al., 2000; Wellenberg et al., 2000; Done et al., 2001; Trujano et al., 2001; Saradell et al., 2004; Castro et al., 2004; Jemersic et al., 2004; Maldonado et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Motovski and Segales, 2004; Garkavenko et al., 2005). PMWS affects young weaner pigs and results in weight loss, tachypnea, dyspnea, enlarged lymph nodes and jaundice (Harding, 1998). PCV2 may also cause or contribute to other swine diseases such as congential tremors (CT) (Stevenson et al., 1999), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (Rosell et al., 2000), reproductive failure (Meehan et al., 2001) and several other emerging disease syndromes. PCV1 is currently considered to be non-pathogenic. Although PMWS has not been reported in Australia, information on the distribution, variation and further characterisation of PCV in Australian pigs was necessary as it might provide insights into why there is no PCV-associated disease in this country. The results reported in this thesis involved the detection and further study of porcine circovirus in Australia. This chapter provides an outline of this thesis and the work undertaken, while Chapter 2 is a review of the relevant literature with particular reference to circoviral diseases. Chapter 3 describes the detection of both PCV1 and PCV2 in the Australian pig herd, using a multiplex PCR designed to differentiate between the two viral types. The association of Australian PCV with two disease outbreaks was also investigated. Following the detection of both viruses, it was important to genetically compare Australian PCV with overseas strains known to cause disease, and this was achieved with a sequencing and phylogenetic study as described in Chapter 4. Possible reasons for the genetic groupings and distribution of different PCV2 strains worldwide are also discussed in this chapter. As PMWS is as yet unidentified in Australian pigs, the importation of pig meat into Australia from countries with the disease requires careful monitoring. Current protocols for the cooking of imported pig meat were designed to inactivate porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (PRRSV), and as such may not be effective against PCV. In this study (Chapter 5), Australian PCV2 was successfully infected into cell culture, and detected using a variety of techniques. Subsequently, thermal stability experiments were performed using a newly-developed immunoperoxidase (IPMA) test. It was anticipated that this study would determine whether current importation protocols require revision, and the results would suggest that this is the case, with PCV2 unaffected by treatment comparable with current cooking protocols. While no animal experiments were undertaken in this study, it may become necessary to infect pigs with Australian PCV to determine viral pathogenicity. Cell culture inoculums have been used in the past overseas, but problems with contamination and viral titre have been encountered (Fenaux et al., 2001). Viral infectious clones can be used to overcome these problems, so an infectious clone of Australian PCV2 was constructed, as described in Chapter 6. While time constraints prevented the clone from being infected into culture, it is anticipated that the construct would be infectious as it is based on a previously published method (Hattermann et al., 2004). Chapter 7 is a general discussion of the results and conclusions from this study. The detection and characterisation of Australian PCV as described in this study has provided further information on the status of PCV in the Australian pig herd, and also developed diagnostic tests to assist in future research. These tools will be important when assessing and managing the risk of Australia experiencing PCV-associated diseases.
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Muhling, Jill. "Australian porcine circoviruses." Muhling, Jill (2006) Australian porcine circoviruses. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/488/.

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Two types of porcine circovirus (PCV) exist, referred to as PCV1 and PCV2. PCV2 has been associated with disease syndromes in pigs, including that designated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which has been identified in all regions of the world bar Australia (Hamel et al., 1998; Allan et al., 1999a; Onuki et al., 1999; Martelli et al., 2000; Kyriakis et al., 2000; Wellenberg et al., 2000; Done et al., 2001; Trujano et al., 2001; Saradell et al., 2004; Castro et al., 2004; Jemersic et al., 2004; Maldonado et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Motovski and Segales, 2004; Garkavenko et al., 2005). PMWS affects young weaner pigs and results in weight loss, tachypnea, dyspnea, enlarged lymph nodes and jaundice (Harding, 1998). PCV2 may also cause or contribute to other swine diseases such as congential tremors (CT) (Stevenson et al., 1999), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (Rosell et al., 2000), reproductive failure (Meehan et al., 2001) and several other emerging disease syndromes. PCV1 is currently considered to be non-pathogenic. Although PMWS has not been reported in Australia, information on the distribution, variation and further characterisation of PCV in Australian pigs was necessary as it might provide insights into why there is no PCV-associated disease in this country. The results reported in this thesis involved the detection and further study of porcine circovirus in Australia. This chapter provides an outline of this thesis and the work undertaken, while Chapter 2 is a review of the relevant literature with particular reference to circoviral diseases. Chapter 3 describes the detection of both PCV1 and PCV2 in the Australian pig herd, using a multiplex PCR designed to differentiate between the two viral types. The association of Australian PCV with two disease outbreaks was also investigated. Following the detection of both viruses, it was important to genetically compare Australian PCV with overseas strains known to cause disease, and this was achieved with a sequencing and phylogenetic study as described in Chapter 4. Possible reasons for the genetic groupings and distribution of different PCV2 strains worldwide are also discussed in this chapter. As PMWS is as yet unidentified in Australian pigs, the importation of pig meat into Australia from countries with the disease requires careful monitoring. Current protocols for the cooking of imported pig meat were designed to inactivate porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (PRRSV), and as such may not be effective against PCV. In this study (Chapter 5), Australian PCV2 was successfully infected into cell culture, and detected using a variety of techniques. Subsequently, thermal stability experiments were performed using a newly-developed immunoperoxidase (IPMA) test. It was anticipated that this study would determine whether current importation protocols require revision, and the results would suggest that this is the case, with PCV2 unaffected by treatment comparable with current cooking protocols. While no animal experiments were undertaken in this study, it may become necessary to infect pigs with Australian PCV to determine viral pathogenicity. Cell culture inoculums have been used in the past overseas, but problems with contamination and viral titre have been encountered (Fenaux et al., 2001). Viral infectious clones can be used to overcome these problems, so an infectious clone of Australian PCV2 was constructed, as described in Chapter 6. While time constraints prevented the clone from being infected into culture, it is anticipated that the construct would be infectious as it is based on a previously published method (Hattermann et al., 2004). Chapter 7 is a general discussion of the results and conclusions from this study. The detection and characterisation of Australian PCV as described in this study has provided further information on the status of PCV in the Australian pig herd, and also developed diagnostic tests to assist in future research. These tools will be important when assessing and managing the risk of Australia experiencing PCV-associated diseases.
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Stocker, Claire Joanne. "The characterisation of porcine endothelial porcine ICAM-1 and P-selectin." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391827.

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Rodrigues, Fabiana Tessari. "\"Pele porcina como fonte de matrizes tridimensionais de colágeno\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-18012007-104219/.

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As lesões cutâneas e queimaduras são considerados os principais causadores de danos e perdas dos tecidos moles. Em casos severos de trauma, os processos naturais de regeneração são insuficientes no reparo dos danos, resultando em lesões cutâneas crônicas. A desvitalização de matrizes homólogas ou heterólogas é uma alternativa para a produção de matrizes dérmicas. A pele porcina é bastante similar à pele humana, podendo ser utilizada como matriz de colágeno na regeneração de tecido mole. Além disso, ela tem como constituinte principal o colágeno tipo I, e, assim, pode ser utilizada em queimaduras de segundo grau. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a preparação e caracterização de matrizes extracelulares de colágeno tipo I por meio de hidrólise alcalina e reticulação com glutaraldeído (GA). As matrizes de colágeno foram obtidas a partir da hidrólise alcalina de pele porcina, com posterior reticulação com GA, em diferentes concentrações (0-0,1%) e tempos de reação (15 e 45 min). As matrizes foram caracterizadas através de determinação do conteúdo de elastina, estabilidade biológica (tripsina), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TG/DTG), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e citotoxicidade in vitro. Através da determinação do conteúdo de elastina, foi possível determinar a massa média de colágeno presente nas matrizes, a qual foi de 95,2?0,2% (m/m), e a massa média de elastina, que foi de 4,8?0,2% (m/m), e também verificar que independente do tratamento, a elastina estava presente nas matrizes. O ensaio de estabilidade biológica mostrou que o tratamento com GA diminui a biodegradação do material; sendo obtidos porcentagens de degradação que variaram de 83,6%?1,1 (0% GA) a 46,1%?0,7 (0,085%-45min), indicando, assim, que com o aumento da concentração de GA e do tempo de reação, há uma diminuição da porcentagem de degradação. Pela análise termogravimétrica, foi observado que o colágeno presente nas matrizes tornou-se mais estável termicamente em conseqüência do aumento do grau de reticulação e, portanto, mais resistentes à degradação térmica. Os resultados de DSC confirmam os de termogravimetria devido ao aumento nos valores das temperaturas de desnaturação das matrizes em função do aumento do tempo de reação e da concentração de GA. Pela análise das fotomicrografias, pôde ser observado que após a reticulação com GA, as fibras de colágeno tornam-se mais organizadas e definidas; e essa definição torna-se maior com o aumento da concentração de GA. Os resultados de citotoxicidade in vitro mostraram que as matrizes analisadas são citotóxicas possivelmente devido a gordura remanescente, sendo necessário a realização de um pré-tratamento. Assim, a preparação de matrizes derivadas de pele porcina com diferentes tempos de degradação, as quais podem ser utilizadas na reconstrução de tecidos moles, é viável.
Cutaneous lesions and burns are considered the main causes of damage of soft tissues. In severe cases of trauma, the natural processes of regeneration are insufficient in the repair of the damage, resulting in chronic cutaneous lesions. Desvitalization of homologous or heterologous matrices is an alternative for the production of dermal matrices. The porcine skin is quite similar to the human skin and can be used as collagen matrix in soft tissue regeneration. Besides, it contains type I collagen as the main constituent and thus, it can be used in second degree burns. The objective of this work was the preparation and characterization of type I collagen extracellular matrices with alkaline hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking. The collagen matrices were obtained from the alkaline hydrolysis of porcine skin, with subsequent GA crosslinking, in different concentrations (0 - 0,1%) and reaction time (15 and 45 min). Matrices were characterized by determination of the elastin content, biological stability (trypsin), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), termogravimetry (TG/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a preliminar assay of in vitro cytotoxicity. Elastin and collagen content were 4,8±0,2% (m/m) and 95,2±0,2% (m/m), respectively. Biological stability results showed that GA crosslinking reduces matrix biodegradation; as degradation varied from 83,6%±1,1 (0% GA) to 46,1%±0,7 (0,085% - 45min), demonstrating, thus, that with the increase of GA concentration and reaction time, there was a decrease of degradation. For termogravimetric analysis it was observed that the collagen present in the matrices become termically more resistant as a consequence of the increasing crosslink degree and, therefore, more resistant to thermal degradation. DSC results, similar to termogravimetric ones, showed an increase in denaturation temperatures as a function of increasing reaction time and GA concentration. SEM analysis showed that after the GA crosslinking, collagen fibers become more organized and defined; and that definition improved with increasing GA concentration. Preliminar assay of in vitro cytotoxicity showed that treated matrices are cytotoxic possibly due to remaining fat, being necessary the accomplishment of a pre-treatment. Therefore, porcine skin matrices preparation with different degradation times, which can be used in the soft tissue reconstruction, are viable.
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Xu, Shu. "Porcine Leukocyte 12-Lipoxygenase." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1327983162.

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Lowe, Jenna Louise. "Lipid metabolism during the in vitro production of porcine embryos." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13998.

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Currently, the in vitro production (IVP) of porcine embryos suffers from low efficiency and reduced blastocyst quality. Poor outcomes from in vitro matured oocytes and in vitro fertilised embryos have limited the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) within commercial porcine herds, reducing the potential for global genetic improvement programs. It is believed that this reduced developmental competency compared to in vivo embryos is attributable to altered metabolism resulting from in vitro culture. Improper or incomplete metabolic support from the culture media leads to production of inferior embryos. Much of the prior research centres on metabolism of carbohydrates by oocytes and embryos, with the formulation of media based on this knowledge. However, oocytes and embryos also contain endogenous lipid substrates, and there is a lack of understanding as to how and when these stores are utilised. Lipids are a dense form of energy storage, and there is evidence of their metabolism by oocytes and embryos for energy generation. Porcine oocytes and embryos have higher intracellular lipid content than other domestic livestock species, and this makes them an excellent model for studying aspects of lipid metabolism in vitro. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of lipid metabolism on the acquisition of developmental competence during porcine IVP, and how this is affected by the presence or absence of exogenous carbohydrates. Stimulation or inhibition of the β-oxidation pathway was used to discern the importance of fatty acid oxidation to oocyte maturation and embryo development during in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and in vitro embryo culture (IVC). During IVM, it was identified that porcine oocytes are capable of using different substrates to compensate for deficiencies in others. While pyruvate and glucose are preferentially utilised to support maturation, upregulation of β-oxidation can compensate for a low glucose concentration and an absence of pyruvate to support nuclear maturation. Although there was no discernible decrease in lipid content associated with this, lipids provide such a dense energy reserve that any usage may have been beyond the limit of detection. Inhibition of β-oxidation in the absence of carbohydrates had a greater effect on nuclear maturation compared to inhibition in complete media. This indicates that lipid metabolism plays a minor role during oocyte maturation in the presence of carbohydrates and is likely to be more important when other substrates are deficient. Energy generation prior to fertilisation is an important factor in the developmental outcomes of subsequent embryos. Upregulation of β-oxidation for the duration of IVF increased cleavage rates, but doses above 6mM L-carnitine led to decreased blastocyst development. This effect may be attributable to the antioxidant activity of L-carnitine, with low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) being required at fertilisation for normal sperm function and sperm-oocyte interactions. Oocyte incubation in media supplemented with 3mM L-carnitine for an hour prior to insemination increased cleavage and improved cryosurvival of Day 7 embryos after vitrification. While ATP content of oocytes did not increase over this period, it is unclear if lipid content was reduced. Previous studies have shown that L-carnitine treatment of oocytes and embryos decreased lipid content, thereby increasing cryotolerance. It would therefore appear that there is a limited role for β-oxidation during the IVF period itself, although upregulation immediately prior to fertilisation may have beneficial effects on metabolic processes and may provide antioxidant protection leading to improved development in early cleavage stage embryos. During embryo culture, there was a greater effect of upregulating lipid metabolism seen in the absence of carbohydrate substrates than in complete media. However, this could not support embryo development to the same extent as carbohydrate substrates. Changing nutrient requirements of embryos has led to the development of sequential media, leading to the production of better quality IVP embryos. Upregulation of β-oxidation for the first three days of culture in a single media system increased embryo quality to the same extent as a sequential carbohydrate media system, implying there is some level of plasticity to embryo metabolism allowing for adaptability to different substrates. Inclusion of L-carnitine for either a three day period or the duration of culture increased cryosurvival, suggesting decreased lipid content due to increased β-oxidation activity. Similarly for oocyte maturation, β-oxidation appears to be able to compensate for carbohydrate deficiencies during embryo culture to some extent, and oxidation of lipids has a greater role in promoting embryo quality over increasing production rates. The findings reported in this thesis represent a contribution to the understanding of lipid metabolism during the in vitro production of porcine embryos. These results provide evidence to support a level of adaptability of porcine oocytes and embryos to different substrates available during maturation and culture. There is a preference shown for carbohydrates substrates, with the ability to utilise lipids to compensate for certain deficiencies. This would justify the inclusion of co-factors of lipid metabolism such as L-carnitine in culture media, to ensure that any deficiencies in other substrates might be corrected for and to promote higher embryo quality. Upregulation of β-oxidation also increased the cryosurvival of porcine embryos following vitrification, with this being a major development in the global movement of superior genetics for herd improvement programs. These findings will also have implications for improving in vitro culture of oocytes and embryos of other species, most notably advancements in human ARTs where research is predominantly limited to work in animal models. The understanding of how lipids are metabolised alongside exogenous carbohydrates will contribute to improving media formulations for better metabolic support in vitro, further to improving embryo production and quality.
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Streck, André Felipe. "Studies on genetic properties of porcine parvoviruses." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-115801.

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Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is considered to be one of the most important causes of reproductive failure in swine. Fetal death, mummification, stillbirths and delayed return to estrus are some of the clinical signs commonly associated with PPV infection in a herd. The virus genome is considered to be conservative, with substitution rates near to that of their host. However, it has been shown that some parvoviruses exhibit a substitution rate close to that commonly determined for RNA viruses. In this scenario, new PPV phenotypes may reduce the effectiveness of the currently used vaccines, recommending the continuous monitoring of the currently prevalent PPV strains. In addition, a number of novel porcine parvoviruses have been described during the last decade, but the importance and characteristics of these viruses remain unknown. In the present dissertation, three studies were performed to address the PPV genetic variability, to monitor the emergence of new PPV strains and the prevalence of novel parvoviruses. In the first study, recent PPV field isolates from Austria, Brazil, Germany and Switzerland were sequenced and analyzed. These samples, together with sequences retrieved from GenBank, were included in three datasets (viral protein complete gene, viral protein partial gene and non-structural protein complete gene). For each dataset, the nucleotide substitution rate was determined and a molecular clock estimated. The analysis revealed that for the new strains, the amino acids substitutions were located mainly in the viral capsid loops. Only the capsid protein datasets present the higher suitability for phylogenetic analysis. In them, a higher divergence was found, with three well defined clusters. By inferring the evolutionary dynamics of the PPV sequences, a nucleotide substitution rate of approximately 10 -4 substitutions per site per year was found for these datasets. An association of the phylogenetic tree with the molecular clock revealed that the main divergence of the PPV strains for the viral protein ocurred in the last 30 years. In the second study, the population dynamic of PPV isolates from swine herds was analyzed using PPV complete protein gene and partial sequences deposited in GenBank. The population dynamic of the virus was calculated using a Bayesian approach with a Bayesian skyline coalescent model. Additionally, an in vitro model was performed by twenty-one consecutives passages of the Challenge strain (a virulent field strain) and NADL2 strain (a vaccine strain) in PK15 cell-line supplemented with polyclonal antibodies raised against the vaccine strain (negative control was not supplemented). The Bayesian analysis indicated a decrease in the population diversity over the years and the predominance of some PPV strains. In agreement, the in vitro study revealed that a lower number of mutations appeared for both viruses in the presence of anti-PPV antibodies in comparison with the control passages without antibodies. In the third study, tonsils and hearts from 100 pigs were collected in a German slaughterhouse in 2010 and tested for PPV, porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2), porcine parvovirus 3 (PPV3) and porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4). Positive samples of PPV, PPV2 and PPV3 were sequenced. PPV was observed in 60/100 hearts and 61/100 tonsils and PPV2 in 55/100 hearts and 78/100 tonsils. PPV3 and PPV4 could not be detected in the heart samples but 20/100 and 7/100, respectively, of the tonsils were tested positive. The phylogenetic analysis of the PPV, PPV2 and PPV3 sequences revealed that the German samples could be divided in at least two clusters or clades for each virus. Altogether, it can be concluded that PPV is continuously evolving. Apparently, PPV vaccines largely used in the last 30 years probably have reduced the genetic diversity of the virus and induced the predominance of strains with distinct capsid profile from the original vaccine-based strain. Moreover, the high prevalence of the PPV, PPV2 and PPV3 and their genetic diversity highlight the importance of the continuous monitoring of these viruses.
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Gilpin, D. F. "Studies on the interaction between porcine circovirus type 2 and the porcine immune system." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273035.

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Fan, Jinwu. "Dynamic Strength of Porcine Arteries." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19853.

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The failure behavior of collagenous soft tissues is important for clinical problems of plaque rupture and trauma. Cyclic tests require high frequencies that may affect the strength properties of the soft tissues. Experimental results of mechanical response of blood vessels to physiologic loads can be used to model and predict plaque rupture and direct medical therapy or surgical intervention. The goal of the study is to measure the mechanical failure properties of arteries to determine if they are strain rate and cycle dependant and to measure the progressive damage of arteries with time dependent loading. Ring specimens of porcine carotid arteries were preconditioned and then pulled to failure. In all cases, the intima broke first. Ultimate stress increased as a weak function of increasing strain rates. The ultimate stress at 100 mm/s was 4.54 MPa, greater than the 3.26 MPa at 0.1 mm/s. Strain rates between 1 and 100 mm/s correspond to a cyclic frequency of 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz for fatigue testing. In contrast, ultimate strain in arteries was independent of strain rate over the range tested. The creep tests showed a logarithmic relationship between stress magnitude and stress duration for this soft tissue. The creep testing indicates that damage is accumulating above certain threshold stress levels. The values of ultimate strength showed a 35% increase after 10,000 cycling loading. In contrast, the ultimate strain had a 13% decrease after cycling and the difference was statistically significant with p=0.018. The testing results showed that there were no significant differences on strength among fresh arteries and arteries stored at 5¡ã C for up to two weeks. The test results may be useful for developing a mathematical model to predict the behavior of arterial soft tissues and may be extended to estimate fracture and fatigue in the atherosclerotic plaque cap.
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Books on the topic "Porcine"

1

Jones, Steven J. Porcine myology. Des Moines, IA: National Pork Producers Council, 2000.

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Food, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and. Porcine Parvovirus Infection. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Meredith, M. J. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. 7th ed. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Pig Disease Information Centre, 1993.

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Porcher, Jocelyne. Cochons d'or: L'industrie porcine en questions. Versailles: Quae, 2010.

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United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. and National Animal Health Monitoring System (U.S.), eds. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS). Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, 1995.

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University of Cambridge. Pig Disease Information Centre., ed. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). 8th ed. Cambridge: The Author, 1995.

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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Intestinal Adenomatosis Complex (Porcine Proliferative Enteropathies). S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Canada, Canada Agriculture. Peste porcine classique: Gare aux maladies exotiques. Ottawa: Direction générale des communications, Agriculture Canada, 1988.

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Pigmares: Porcine poems to curl your tail. Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge, 2012.

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Allab, Claude. Etude de la filière porcine à Madagascar. Paris, France: GRET, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Porcine"

1

Vlasova, A. N., Q. Wang, K. Jung, S. N. Langel, Yashpal Singh Malik, and L. J. Saif. "Porcine Coronaviruses." In Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses, 79–110. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0402-0_4.

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Saikumar, G., and Tareni Das. "Porcine Circovirus." In Recent Advances in Animal Virology, 171–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9073-9_10.

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Sestak, Karol, and Linda J. Saif. "Porcine Coronaviruses." In Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine, 321–30. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376812.ch10a.

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Lefebvre, Cedric W., Jay P. Babich, James H. Grendell, James H. Grendell, John E. Heffner, Ronan Thibault, Claude Pichard, et al. "Porcine Heparin." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1785. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_2062.

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Gronert, Gerald A. "Porcine Malignant Hyperthermia." In Malignant Hyperthermia, 159–61. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68346-9_21.

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Worliczek, Hanna Lucia, and Anja Joachim. "Neonatal Porcine Coccidiosis." In Progress in Parasitology, 79–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21396-0_5.

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McEvoy, Fintan, and Stefanie Ohlerth. "Ruminant and Porcine." In Veterinary Computed Tomography, 503–7. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785676.ch47.

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Peng, Ju-Yi, Cai-Zhen Jian, Chia-Yu Chang, and Hui-Wen Chang. "Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea." In Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases of Livestock, 273–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47426-7_11.

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Helm, Ricki M. "Porcine Immune System." In Encyclopedia of Immunotoxicology, 728–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54596-2_1204.

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Paul, P. S., P. Halbur, B. Janke, H. Joo, P. Nawagitgul, J. Singh, and S. Sorden. "Exogenous Porcine Viruses." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 125–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55541-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Porcine"

1

Buholzer, P., S. Wacheck, R. Fries, K. Reisp, and F. Schmoll. "Porcine Hepatitis E." In 10th International Conference on the Epidemiology and Control of Biological, Chemical and Physical Hazards in Pigs and Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-911.

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Cui, Li, Wen Zhang, Xiu-Guo Hua, Yin-Hua Lu, and Pu-Yan Chen. "Co-Infection with Porcine Circovirus Type 2, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, and Porcine Parvovirus Is Common in Pig Herds." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.262.

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Rodarte, Rodrigo Ribeiro Pinho, Stephanie Barros, Bruno Mello Silveira, Brenno Tavares Duarte, and Paulo Pedro Kenedi. "EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE LIGAMENTS." In 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-1114.

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Mello Silveira, Bruno, Stephanie Barros, Rodrigo Ribeiro Pinho Rodarte, and Paulo Pedro Kenedi. "VISCOELASTIC MODELING OF PORCINE LIGAMENTS." In 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-1122.

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Speelman, L., M. Goffi, A. C. Akyildiz, H. Nieuwstadt, K. Van der Heiden, A. van der Steen, J. Wentzel, and F. Gijsen. "Plaque Deformation in Atherosclerotic Porcine Arteries." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80521.

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Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease and is characterized by plaque formation, with lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, covered by a fibrous cap. Rupture of such a cap is the main underlying cause of sudden coronary deaths and strokes. Cap rupture occurs when the mechanical stress in the cap exceeds local cap strength. Accurate determination of cap stresses might therefore play an important role in the prediction of cap rupture. An important determinant of plaque deformation and cap stress is the mechanical behaviour of the diseased plaque components, of which little is known. The aim of this study is to determine material properties of atherosclerotic plaques using a mixed experimental-numerical approach. Plaque deformation as measured ex-vivo with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will be matched with computed deformations based on the measured plaque geometry.
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Zhao, Shijia, Linxia Gu, James M. Hammel, and Haili Lang. "Mechanical Behavior of Porcine Pulmonary Artery." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39012.

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Proper characterization of the material properties of pulmonary arterial tissue is needed for many medical applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the stress-strain relationship and characterize the nonlinear elastic behavior of porcine pulmonary arteries; thus, uniaxial tension tests and cyclic loading-unloading tests were conducted on healthy porcine pulmonary arterial tissue. In these experiments, pulmonary arteries from different piglets and a commercial pulmonary valved conduit, called “Contegra 200”, were subjected to uniaxial tension. Results demonstrated a higher stiffness along the circumferential direction than the axial direction. The “Contegra 200” was much suffer than real pulmonary arterial tissue along the axial direction and had a similar stiffness to natural tissue along the circumferential direction within physiological stretch ranges, which is less than 40% strain. Elastic hysteresis was observed from cyclic loading-unloading tests, which indicates that more energy was required during the loading than the unloading. A nonlinear hyperelastic model based on second order polynomial constitutive equation was derived from average values of the test data along both axial and circumferential directions. The material model could be used in numerical analysis of pulmonary arterial response and facilitate the design of intravascular devices.
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Tamura, Atsutaka, Kiyoshi Omori, Kazuo Miki, Jong B. Lee, King H. Yang, and Albert I. King. "Mechanical Characterization of Porcine Abdominal Organs." In 46th Stapp Car Crash Conference (2002). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-22-0003.

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Saha, S., T. Thornton, and S. Batra. "Mechanical behavior of porcine dermal collagen." In 2010 36th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2010.5458169.

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Góra, Wojciech S., Eleanor M. Harvey, Baljean Dhillon, Simon H. Parson, Robert R. J. Maier, Duncan P. Hand, and Jonathan D. Shephard. "Picosecond laser ablation of porcine sclera." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Fabrice Manns, Per G. Söderberg, and Arthur Ho. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2004828.

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Romanov, Vasily, Soroush Assari, Kaveh Laksari, and Kurosh Darvish. "Pressure Oscillation Tests of Porcine Aorta." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19687.

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This paper addresses the problem of Traumatic Aorta Rupture (TAR) that is one of the causes of fatality in motor vehicle accidents. The mechanisms that have been suggested for TAR are speculative and inconclusive and a lot of the tests performed have not been repeatable. One of the reasons for these speculations is an incomplete understanding of the material properties of the aorta. The goal of this research is to study the response of the aorta to the oscillating pressure inputs in order to identify the structural properties of the aorta. The results of this study show that aorta stiffens as the rate of the loading increases, which is a characteristic of viscoelastic materials.
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Reports on the topic "Porcine"

1

Glavaski-Joksimovic, Aleksandra, Ksenija Jeftinija, Colin G. Scanes, Lloyd L. Anderson, and Srdija Jeftinija. Ghrelin Stimulates Porcine Somatotropes. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-55.

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Toner, C. B., B. Caplan, D. J. Temple, T. B. Buttolph, and D. M. Dromsky. Collected Database of Non-Saturation Porcine Dives (Air and Mixed-Gas). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458003.

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Sachs, David H., Jr Cetrulo, and Curtis L. Genetically Modified Porcine Skin Grafts for Treatment of Severe Burn Injuries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535275.

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Yang, Cai-Xia, Elane C. Wright, and Jason W. Ross. DND1 Expression and Function in the Porcine Ovary, Oocyte and Embryo. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1372.

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Johnson, Jay S., Jason W. Ross, Joshua T. Selsby, Rebecca L. Boddicker, Maria V. Sanz Fernandez, and Lance H. Baumgard. Effects of In-utero Heat Stress on Porcine Post-natal Thermoregulation. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-61.

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Sachs, David. Genetically Modified Porcine Skin Grafts for Treatment of Severe Burn Injuries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada549274.

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Opriessnig, T., Patrick G. Halbur, Eileen L. Thacker, and S. Yu. An Experimental Model for Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Co-infection. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1091.

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Holtkamp, Derald J., James B. Kliebenstein, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Eric Neumann, Hans Rotto, Tiffany K. Yoder, Chong Wang, Paul Yeske, Christine L. Mowrer, and Charles Haley. Economic Impact of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus on U.S. Pork Producers. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-28.

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Outhouse, Amanda C., Kyle Grubbs, Christopher K. Tuggle, Jack C. M. Dekkers, Nicholas K. Gabler, and Steven M. Lonergan. Changes in the Protein Profile of Porcine Liver in Response to Immune System Stimulation. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1263.

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Mogler, Mark, D. L. Hank Harris, Matthew M. Erdman, and Kurt I. Kamrud. Replicon Particle Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Provides Partial Protection from Challenge. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-23.

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