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Journal articles on the topic 'Porcelain Technique'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Longhini, Diogo, Cibele Oliveira de Melo Rocha, Igor Studart Medeiros, Renata Garcia Fonseca, and Gelson Luis Adabo. "Effect of Glaze Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Conventional and Pressed Porcelain on Zirconia." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 5 (October 2016): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600709.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize a conventional and a pressed porcelain for zirconia core as to biaxial flexural strength (BFS), apparent fracture toughness (FT) and microstructure composition, and to investigate the effect of glaze cooling rate on the BFS of the zirconia/porcelain bilayers. Monolayers of conventional porcelain Vita VM9 and pressed porcelain Vita PM9 (n=15) (12 mm diameter x 1.2 mm thick) were prepared for the BFS test (MPa). Apparent fracture toughness (MPa.m1/2) was measured by indentation technique (n=15). t-Student test was performed for statistical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to analyze the porcelain's microstructure. For the BFS of bilayers, zirconia discs (12 mm diameter x 1 mm thick) (Vita In-Ceram YZ) were veneered with the two porcelains (1 mm thick). After the glaze firing simulation, the specimens were submitted to fast or slow cooling (n=15). Apparent fracture toughness (MPa.m1/2) was measured on the porcelain surface of bilayers (n=15) and residual stress was calculated. Two-way ANOVA (porcelain and cooling method) was used for the bilayer analysis (a=0.05). Vita PM9 monolayer exhibited significantly higher BFS (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference (p=0.41) in the FT between the porcelains. For bilayer specimens, the two-way ANOVA for BFS was significant for the porcelain variable only (p<0.01) better for Vita PM9/zirconia. Two-way ANOVA for the FT for the bilayers was not significant for any variable. All groups showed compressive residual stresses. The pressed porcelain seems to be mechanically more effective for zirconia veneering.

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2

Yu, Hai Yang, Zhen Sun, Hua Zhao, and Min Hao Zhu. "Stress Analysis of Bonded-Interface Technique on Subsurface Damage Observations of Brittle Porcelains." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.864.

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In the subsurface damage observations on the wear behavior of brittle dental porcelains, it still remains unsolved that how to distinguish the cracks that develops accidentally during the preparing sample process from those actually produced in the tests. In the sliding friction tests, the bonded-interface technique (BIT) was successfully used for subsurface damage evaluations. The profile of wear scar was easily observed on the cemented section of the blocks without inducing any cracks. The stresses on the surface and internal of dental porcelains were calculated with the contact element method (CEM) by ABAQUS software. The model of rectangular dental porcelain and Si3N4 ball were developed based on sliding friction tests. The Si3N4 ball modeled in this study was of the diameter of 4mm and 12 mm. The size of Vita VMK 95 porcelain blocks was 5 mm wide, 2 mm thick and 15 mm long. The glue layer thickness values are 10 .m, 20 .m and 30 .m. The loading of the Si3N4 ball was modeled as a constant distributed vertical load applied across the bonding line of the porcelain. Stresses and displacements of all nodes of the model, especially at the bonding interface, were analyzed and compared. The results of the study indicated that stress values correlated strongly to the applied loads. Stress distribution was symmetric about the bonded-interface plane. The maximum occurred in surface layer and the minimum on the bottom line in the porcelain blocks. Along the interface, stresses decreased with the distance from the surface of porcelain. On the other hand, high stresses focus on the surface part and go sharply down in the internal region along the depth direction. Among the parameters of sliding test on the stresses, the load effect is prominent. The BIT model experiences a different, non-axisymmetric stress field than that of real work-piece. So the BIT should not be considered as a reliable source of quantitative analysis but as a qualitative method for observing the form of the damage modes with more visible information than the conventional tools.

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3

Wiley, Michael G., Thomas L. Huff, Charles Trebilcock, and Thomas B. Girvan. "Esthetic porcelain margins: A modified porcelain-wax technique." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 56, no. 5 (November 1986): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90414-2.

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4

Sasahara, R. M. C., F. C. Ribeiro, P. F. Cesar, and H. N. Yoshimura. "Influence of the Finishing Technique on Surface Roughness of Dental Porcelains with Different Microstructures." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/05-104.

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Clinical Relevance After the glaze layer of a ceramic restoration is broken, the clinician should pay attention to the specific porcelain used in the prosthetic work, since the best finishing technique (reglazing versus polishing) depends on the porcelain's characteristics.

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5

Deng, Bin, Hong Chen Liu, Yuan Fu Yi, Long Quan Shao, Kang Lin Hou, Rong Jian Lu, Jie Mo Tian, and Ning Wen. "Microstructure of Interface between Zirconia and Veneer Porcelain." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.55.

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To study whether the veneering technique will have an impact on zirconia grain and the bonding type and relationship on interface between zirconia and veneer porcelain. Materials and methods: After sintered, zirconia was annealed for 15 minute to finish the phase transition from m to t.4 types of veneer porcelains were sintered and observed with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Results: With etching time extending, it appeared that many materials loosed and corrosional pit deepened, enlarged in the veneer porcelain, which made crystallize structure move into veneering surface. Composition of interface mainly was amorphous glass matrix and zirconia. Energy spectrum analysis showed that there was no remnant glass composition in the zirconia side departing from interface. SEM showed that crystal in veneering side did not participate interface bonding. Conclusion: The interface between 4 types of veneer porcelains and zirconia bonded well. Veneering sintering technique didn’t change lattice structure of zirconia, which still was tetragonal structure. The specific bonding property of interface still remained to be analyzed further to determine.

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6

Moya, F., J. Payan, J. Bernardini, and E. G. Moya. "Experimental Observation of Silver and Gold Penetration into Dental Ceramic by Means of a Radiotracer Technique." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 12 (December 1987): 1717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660120401.

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A radiotracer technique was used to study silver and gold diffusion into dental porcelain under experimental conditions close to the real conditions in prosthetic laboratories for porcelain bakes. It was clearly shown that these non-oxidizable elements were able to diffuse into the ceramic as well as oxidizable ones. The penetration depth varied widely according to the element. The ratio DAg/DA u was about 103 around 850°C. In contrast to gold, the silver diffusion rate was high enough to allow silver, from the metallic alloy, to be present at the external ceramic surface after diffusion into the ceramic. Hence, the greening of dental porcelains baked on silver-rich alloys could be explained mainly by a solid-state diffusion mechanism.

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7

Wady, Amanda Fucci, André Gustavo Paleari, Thallita Pereira Queiroz, and Rogerio Margonar. "Repair Technique for Fractured Implant-Supported Metal-Ceramic Restorations: A Clinical Report." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00085.

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The fracture of porcelain structures have been related in either natural dentition or implant-supported restorations. Techniques using a composite resin or indirect methods can be used. This article presents a porcelain fracture on implant-supported metal-ceramic restoration. IPS Empress e.max laminate veneer restoration was used to repair the fracture. With this technique, it was possible to restore aesthetics and function, combined with low cost and patient satisfaction.

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8

SOGAWA, Satori. "Historical developments of porcelain enameling technique." Jitsumu Hyomen Gijutsu 33, no. 3 (1986): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj1970.33.84.

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9

Deng, Bin, Hong Chen Liu, Yuan Fu Yi, Chen Wang, Ning Wen, and Jie Mo Tian. "Effects of Veneering Porcelain Type on Bending Strength of Dental Y-TZP/Porcelain Bilayered Structure." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.524.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different veneering porcelain types on the flexural strength of dental Y-TZP/porcelain layered structure. KAVO™ Everest zirconia ceramics were selected as substructure. To forming Y-TZP/porcelain bilayered structure, a leucite based veneering porcelain was fired on the zirconia substructures by slip-casting technique with dentin washbake, and two nano-fluorapatite based veneering porcelain was fired on the zirconia substructures either by slip-casting or pressed-on technique with or without liner coverage. Bending strength was tested according to ISO 6872 standard, and the veneered surfaces of fracture samples were analyzed by SEM. Experimental results showed that for covering KaVo™ zirconia core material, conventionally applied veneering slurry-porcelain combined with liner or wash firing has significant higher bending strength than pressed-on porcelain. SEM showed that the main failure type at the interface was adhesive.

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10

TANG, HUI, YU HAN, and HAO SUN. "CAN THE OPAQUE PORCELAIN AND DENTIN PORCELAIN BE SUBSTITUTED IN TITANIUM–PORCELAIN PROSTHETIC?" Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 03 (March 30, 2017): 1750037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17500378.

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Due to the biocompatibility, mechanical strength and esthetics properties, titanium–porcelain prosthetic plays an important role in prosthodontics. However, weak bonding strength and considerable thickness of the porcelain restrict its application. Whether we can find a method to increase the bonding strength and reduce the thickness of the porcelain is an acute problem. In this study, ceramic coatings with similar color of nature teeth are fabricated on the surface of pure titanium by micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The colors, thickness and bonding strength of the coatings can be controlled by adding ferrous sulfate into the electrolytes. These new coatings can be used in titanium–porcelain prosthetic to substitute the opaque and dentin porcelain which can enhance the bonding strength and decrease the thickness of the porcelain compared with the conventional technique.

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11

Hou, Ru Feng, Wen Hong Wang, Run Yang Mo, and Xiao Jun Liu. "Laser-Ultrasound Testing of Cracks in Porcelain Insulator." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1349.

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Detected the cracks in porcelain insulator is a strategy to prevent failure. This study proposes a remote detect technique to inspect the cracks in on-line porcelain insulator based on laser-generation based imaging (LGBI) method. Two porcelain insulators samples A and B were designed. Samples A is a 10kv porcelain insulator work outdoors, it has five artificial notch-type defects in the cylindrical surface of porcelain insulator. Sample B is a 10kv porcelain insulator work indoor with aging cracks. All defects in two specimens were detected by laser ultrasonic visualizing inspector (LUVI). Images are quite convenient to confirm cracks morphology. The experiment proves that the cracks in porcelain insulator can be detected by LUVI system.

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12

Pinnell, Douglas C., George H. Latta, and James G. Evans. "Light-cured porcelain margins: A new technique." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 58, no. 1 (July 1987): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(87)80142-7.

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13

Jordan, Ronald E., and Makoto Suzuki. "The Porcelain Inlay Technique for Posterior Restorations." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 1, no. 2 (March 1989): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1989.tb00490.x.

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14

Andreiuolo, Rafael Ferrone, Carlos Eduardo Sabrosa, and Katia Regina H. Cervantes Dias. "Dual-scan technique for the customization of zirconia computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing frameworks." European Journal of Dentistry 07, S 01 (September 2013): S115—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.119088.

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ABSTRACTThe use of bi-layered all-ceramic crowns has continuously grown since the introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia cores. Unfortunately, despite the outstanding mechanical properties of zirconia, problems related to porcelain cracking or chipping remain. One of the reasons for this is that ceramic copings are usually milled to uniform thicknesses of 0.3-0.6 mm around the whole tooth preparation. This may not provide uniform thickness or appropriate support for the veneering porcelain. To prevent these problems, the dual-scan technique demonstrates an alternative that allows the restorative team to customize zirconia CAD/CAM frameworks with adequate porcelain thickness and support in a simple manner.

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15

Pathak, Apurva, Hemwati Nandan, Rakshit Sthapak, Sonia Sharma, and Mangleshwar Dubey. "Comparative assessment of hydrofluoric acid and sandblasting etching technique on porcelain crowns." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 2019): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2019.6.2.25.

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16

Obradovic-Djuricic, Kosovka, Vesna Medic, Slobodan Dodic, Slobodan Djurisic, Bojan Jokic, and Jovana Kuzmanovic. "Porcelain veneers - preparation design: A retrospective review." Chemical Industry 68, no. 2 (2014): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind130323042o.

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This paper discusses the preparation of tooth design for porcelain veneers. It follows the literature more than three decades back in the past. From the very beginning, porcelain veneers were placed to no/minimally prepared tooth substance, showing different problems in clinical use. Later, the technique of etching the porcelain and controlling the reduction of tooth structure, presented the great steps forward in porcelain veneers accepting. A special accent concerning the preparative design was placed on variations of incisal edge preparation - the problem, which is still present in current practice. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the extremely demanding protocols in making the porcelain veneers as well as their expanded clinical indications.

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17

Saláta, József. "A fogászati kerámiaanyagok fejlődésének történeti áttekintése." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 22 (2021): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.284-293.

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Initially, ceramics - mostly burnt clay - were used to manufacture container pottery. The first porcelain objects reached Europe out of China in the Medieval Ages. The technique of their manufacturing was a mystery for many hundred years, yet Germans succeeded first to produce fine European porcelain at the beginning of the 18th century. Its elegance and hardness woke the dentists’ interest too thus Frenchmen created the first porcelain dentures in the second half of the 18th century. Since then, there has been an increasing demand for esthetic fixed implant dentures instead of removable ones. The development of ceramic materials resulted in better mechanical and optical properties, thus the first fixed porcelain inlays and jacket crowns were introduced already in 1889. The addition of leucite filler crystals to porcelain in the 20th century increased the thermal expansion of the ceramic. It could be fired on common dental casting alloys, so the first porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown was created in 1962. Several new techniques were developed from the middle of the 1980s to the end of the 1990s to deal with initial shrinkage and achieve better properties. Beyond casting, pressing, and CAD/CAM technology, additive manufacturing opened new perspectives in dentistry several years ago in processing dental ceramics.

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18

Jacobi, Richard, and Terrell D. Brooks. "An intraoral lift technique for refining porcelain margins." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 60, no. 4 (October 1988): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(88)90242-9.

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19

Scherer, Warren, Harvey Putter, and Harmon Cooper. "Clinical Technique for an In-Office Porcelain Modification." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 3, no. 1 (January 1991): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1991.tb00801.x.

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20

Toreskog, Sverker. "The minimally invasive and aesthetic bonded porcelain technique." International Dental Journal 52, no. 5 (October 2002): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00883.x.

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21

Rhodes, Stephen K. "The porcelain butt margin with hydrocolloid impression technique." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 59, no. 4 (April 1988): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(88)90034-0.

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22

Jain, Vaibhav, Parag Dua, and V. U. Suryakant. "Esthetic rehabilitation of patient with dental fluorosis using CAD-CAM fabricated Ceramic veneers: A case report." IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.aprd.2022.012.

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In the ever-evolving field of esthetic dentistry, veneers are the most conservative and hence preferred treatment of choice due to their promising results. Veneers are mainly fabricated from conventional low fusing feldspathic porcelain. The conventional technique used for fabrication of porcelain veneers are the platinum foil technique and the refractory die technique. However, these are time consuming and technique sensitive. Technological advancements in this field have proven that CAD/CAM restorations can be fabricated in a single visit. Studies have shown them to have improved marginal fit and internal adaptation. This case report focuses on esthetic rehabilitation of patients having dental fluorosis, using CAD-CAM fabricated veneers.

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23

Rahmi, Eni, Deddy Firman, and Hasna Dziab. "Penanggulangan estetik dengan porcelain laminate veneers pada diskolorasi gigi depan rahang atas Overcoming esthetic with porcelain laminate veneers on discolorisation of anterior maxillary teeth." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 12, no. 3 (October 30, 2013): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v12i3.377.

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In modern dentistry, porcelain laminate veneers have become ultimate option of tooth rehabilitation for improvedesthetics performance. The demand to have better smile and beautiful face pushed patient to visit dentist byrehabilitating functional and esthetic, especially anterior tooth. Characteristics of porcelain measuring up to opticproperties, biocompatibiliy and resistance could give satisfying result on a long term. Transformation, size measure,tooth position and colour can be achieved by minimal preparation of minimum tooth structure. This paper describedcase selection and proper manipulation technique in determining efficacy of treatment with porcelain laminateveneers.

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24

Zhang, Yawei, Guanhua Ren, Xiang Zhou, Lu Zhou, La Ta, and Xiaoqiang Su. "Research on red and green porcelain sherd of Bayi Kiln using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 122010. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac38fc.

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Abstract Terahertz (THz) technology is particularly suitable for non-destructive detection of porcelain sherd due to the unique properties of non-ionizing, high penetration, and broad-spectrum. In this paper, we investigated the reflection characteristics of the pigments and sediments for red and green porcelain sherd of Bayi Kiln made in Shanxi province during the Jin Dynasty by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), obtaining the spectral responses of different components. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was used as a complementary technique to complete the qualitative analysis of the pigments and sediments. In addition, the reflective THz imaging was performed to visualize the pigments and sediments in different regions of the porcelain sherd, realizing the visual detection of the pattern on the surface of the porcelain sherd. These results show that THz-TDS and THz-imaging can serve as effective tools for the detection and analysis of ancient Chinese porcelain.

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25

Wen, Jin, and Shu Zhen Sun. "Preparation and Characterization of Thermally Compatible Leucite-Reinforced Dental Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.311.

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The high average thermal expansion required for thermal compatibility of dental porcelain with their substrate alloy is supplied by the mineral leucite (KAlSi2O6). In the research, the high thermal expansion coefficients phase leucite was prepared by coprecipitation technique. Three materials with formulae of K2O∶Al2O3∶SiO2= 1∶1∶x ( x=1.4, 2.0, 4.0 ) were investigated for differences in phase, thermal expansion. Unstoichiometric composition where K2O and Al2O3were added properly is advantage to leucite obtained. Coprecipitation processing produced fine leucite powder that would sinter at 1300°C, this temperature is about 200°C lower than of melting method. The average thermal expansion coefficients of leucite is 22.7×10-6/°Cfrom room temperature to 620°C,which is higher than the common porcelain. Changing in the leucite content of dental porcelain would results from thermal expansion coefficients of porcelain variation, which could be responsible for changes in porcelain-metal thermal compatibility.

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26

Mackert, J. R., R. D. Ringle, E. E. Parry, A. L. Evans, and C. W. Fairhurst. "The Relationship Between Oxide Adherence and Porcelain-Metal Bonding." Journal of Dental Research 67, no. 2 (February 1988): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345880670020801.

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The lack of a reliable bond test has hindered the elucidation of the mechanism for porcelain-metal bonding in dental systems, because a test capable of detecting differences among porcelain-metal bonds of various qualities is required before the reasons for these differences may be ascertained. A method was developed in the present study whereby specimens of alloys with differing physical properties may be deformed to a constant strain to yield a fracture surface suitable for measurement of the area fraction of retained porcelain by an x-ray spectrometric technique described previously. The method proved sufficiently discriminating that significant differences could be found in 48 of the possible 66 comparisons among alloys and treatments. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.947) between the area fractions of retained porcelain measured in the present study and the oxide adherence strength values measured previously. This strong correlation, when considered in light of the literature evidence for the presence of an oxide layer at the porcelain-metal interface, provides compelling support for the oxide layer theory of porcelain-metal bonding in dental alloy systems.

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27

Saadon, Abbas K. "Studying the Effect of Titania Additions on some properties of Porcelain." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 28, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v28i2.513.

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The paper presents the production of porcelain for the ceramic by inexpensive natural raw materi-als, the principal raw materials of porcelain composition was selected consisting of 50% kaolin, 25% feldspar, 25% silica, the sample synthesized were characterize by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, than study the effect additives at different concentration form titanium oxide (𝑇𝑖𝑂2 )at (2, 5, 10, 15, 20) wt% on some physical and dielectric properties of porcelain. The samples are prepared by the conventional manufacturing method. The physical and dielectric properties of porcelain show that change considerably with the sub-stituent sample. It was found that the increase of the titanium oxide (𝑇𝑖𝑂2 ) additives of all our sample produce increasing in dielectric constant and bulk density, while decreasing with open porosity and dielectric loss tangent.

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28

Lungareze, Daniel, Giovanni Cunha, Eduardo Mariscal Muñoz, Renata Garcia Fonseca, and Gelson Adabo. "Effect of zirconia substructure thickness on the mechanical properties and adhesion of veneering porcelain." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (April 8, 2019): e190919. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655139.

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Aim: This study investigated the influence of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) thickness on fracture load of porcelain-veneered crowns (FL), fracture toughness of porcelain (FT), and the shear bond strength zirconia/porcelain (SBS). Methods: Artificial first molar was prepared for full crown (N=45) with different occlusal reduction. Y-TZP cores were made with different thickness at the occlusal face (1mm, 2mm and 3mm) (n=15). The cores were veneered with VM9 – Vita porcelain with 1.0 mm layer. For FL testing, axial load was applied to the mesiolingual cusp of the crowns. For FT testing, flat Y-TZP plates (5X5 mm) with 1, 2 or 3 mm thickness were veneered with 1.0 mm porcelain layer (n=10). FT by indentation fracture technique was measured close to the interface and at the top surface. For SBS by knife-edge shearing rod, cylindrical porcelain with 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm was applied on flat Y-TZP plates (1, 2 and 3 mm thickness) (n = 10). Results: Data analyzed by 1-Way ANOVA for FL of crowns and SBS between Y-TZP and porcelain were not significant. Two-way ANOVA for FT was significant for zirconia thickness and measurement area. The post-hoc test showed higher values for the groups with 2 and 3mm, and higher values at the interface, irrespectively of Y-TZP thickness. Conclusion: The zirconia thickness did not affect the FL of veneered crowns and the SBS between the ceramics, but FT of porcelain was lower in thinner zirconia substructure and close to the interface Y-TZP/Porcelain.

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29

Ozdemir, I., M. Toparlı, and E. Çelik. "Mechanical Properties of Dental Porcelain Veneers on Indentation Technique." Key Engineering Materials 264-268 (May 2004): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.264-268.1989.

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30

Ino, Kimie, Fabio A. Cardoso, Gabriela A. Valencia, Rafael G. Pileggi, André L. da Silva, Lorena Batista Caliman, and Douglas Gouvêa. "Rheological Evaluation of Phosphatic Porcelain using Squeeze Flow Technique." Ceramics in Modern Technologies 2, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29272/cmt.2019.0016.

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31

Cutbirth, Steven T. "Indirect Porcelain Veneer Technique for Restoring Intrinsically Stained Teeth." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 4, no. 6 (November 1992): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1992.tb00695.x.

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32

YATANI, HIROFUMI, ELISETE KAZUMI WATANABE, TAKUSHI KANESHIMA, ATSUSHI YAMASHITA, and KAZUOMI SUZUKI. "Etched-Porcelain Resin-Bonded Onlay Technique for Posterior Teeth." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 10, no. 6 (November 1998): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1998.tb00511.x.

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33

SNEED, W., and JAMES S. KNIGHT. "Simple Technique to Fabricate Provisional Restorations for Porcelain Veneers." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 13, no. 2 (March 2001): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2001.tb00433.x.

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Schrader, James A., E. Steven Duke, Stephan J. Haney, and Edward T. Herbold. "Volumetric shrinkage of a porcelain suspended in wax technique." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 55, no. 3 (March 1986): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90107-1.

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Kim, J. W., J. H. Kim, M. N. Janal, and Y. Zhang. "Damage Maps of Veneered Zirconia under Simulated Mastication." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 12 (December 2008): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808701210.

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Zirconia-based restorations often fracture from chipping and/or delamination of the porcelain veneers. We hypothesized that veneer chipping/delamination is a result of the propagation of near-contact-induced partial cone cracks on the occlusal surface under mastication. Masticatory loading involves the opposing tooth sliding along the cuspal inner incline surface with an applied biting force. To test this hypothesis, we cemented flat porcelain-veneered zirconia plates onto dental composites and cyclically loaded them (contact–slide–liftoff) at an inclination angle as a simplified model of zirconia-based restorations under occlusion. In light of in situ observation of damage evolution in a transparent glass/zirconia/polycarbonate trilayer, post mortem damage evaluation of porcelain/zirconia/composite trilayers by a sectioning technique revealed that deep-penetrating occlusal surface partial cone fracture is the predominant fracture mode of porcelain veneers. Clinical relevance is discussed.

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Yap, C. T. "Multi-Variate Analysis of Trace Elements from XRF Studies for Classification According to Origin." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 5 (May 1992): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924124691.

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The concentrations of twelve trace elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb) in 143 pieces of Chinese porcelain made in Jingdezhen, China and elsewhere were obtained with the use of the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique. An elegant method of multi-variate analysis, known as principal component analysis, was successfully employed in fingerprinting the geographical origin of the porcelain samples.

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DeBusk, Hunter, Levi Dixon, Joellen Gill, and Richard Gill. "Measuring the Static Coefficient of Friction of Non-Fluid Contaminants." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631385.

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The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether there are differences between measuring the static coefficient of friction (SCOF) of a non-fluid contaminant when it is directly attached to a tribometer test foot, or “Attached”, versus when it is lying loose on the floor, or “Loose”. The non-fluid materials used in this study included Mylar, Cardboard, Terrycloth Bathmat, and Terrycloth Bathmat with Rubberized Silicon Backing; the floor material was porcelain tile. In addition, 10 participants subjectively rated the “slipperiness” of each material by pushing the materials with one foot across the porcelain tile. The findings of this study revealed that within each technique, Attached and Loose, the measurements were consistent and reliable. Furthermore, both techniques resulted in identical ordering of the materials from lowest to highest SCOF, which was verified by the human subjects’ subjective ratings of slipperiness. However, the Loose technique SCOF values were slightly but consistently greater than the Attached technique SCOF values; the Loose tests of the entire bathmats were found to have greater SCOF values when compared to Loose tests of small samples. These findings suggest that when investigating a specific slip event, a practitioner should measure the SCOF of the non-fluid contaminant using the technique which most closely represents the conditions of the slip event.

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Wen, Rui, Yun Zhang, Dong Wang, and Lihua Wang. "The compositional characterization and painting technique of Chinese red and white porcelain by EDXRF and SR-μXRF mapping analysis." Analytical Methods 9, no. 30 (2017): 4380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00860k.

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Kumchai, Hattanas, Patrapan Juntavee, Arthur F. Sun, and Dan Nathanson. "Comparing the Repair of Veneered Zirconia Crowns with Ceramic or Composite Resin: An in Vitro Study." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8020037.

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Statement of problem: Current techniques for repairing porcelain-chipped restorations have several limitations. With advances in CAD/CAM technology, the combination of resin cements and high-strength ceramic materials might offer new options for repairing the chipping of veneering ceramic. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the load-to-failure of veneered zirconia crowns repaired by different materials. Material and Methods: Veneered zirconia crowns were made on aluminum dies (n = 10/group). Feldspathic porcelain (Vita VM9, Vident) was applied to the zirconia coping (Vita In-Ceram YZ, Vident) in a cylindrical shape (Ø 10.5 mm, height 7.5 mm). A bevel cut on the porcelain veneer (45 degree, 3 mm width) was made at one side of each crown to simulate porcelain chipping. The crowns were then divided into four different groups according to the repair materials: 1. Conventional resin composite (A; Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent); 2. Flowable resin composite (B; G-aenial Universal Flo, GC america); 3. CAD/CAM milled feldspathic ceramic (C; Vita Trilux Forte, Vident); 4. CAD/CAM milled lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (D; IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). Resin cement (Multilink Automix, Ivoclar Vivadent) was used to cement the CAD/CAM ceramic materials to the beveled crowns. Each crown underwent 5000 cycles of thermocycling. The strength test was performed on an Instron universal testing machine by loading force on the center of repaired part to record load-to-failure. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Mean loads-to-failure (in Newton +/− SD) of repaired veneered zirconia crowns were: Gr. A: 660.0 ± 200.5; Gr. B: 681.7 ± 175.9; Gr. C: 1236.0 ± 188.8; Gr. D: 1536.3 ± 286.1. Catastrophic failure was the most dominant failure mode in every group. Few specimens exhibited cohesive failure. Only one specimen in group D had adhesive failure. Conclusions: Within the limitation of the study, veneered zirconia crowns repaired with CAD/CAM ceramic materials have significantly higher load-to-failure than veneered crowns repaired with resin composite (p ≤ 0.05). Clinical Implications: Traditionally, porcelain-chipped restorations are often repaired with resin composite and bonding technique. Repairing chipped porcelain with CAD/CAM ceramics fitting the fractured parts can be alternative option with potential advantages. More well-designed studies are necessary to justify this novel repair technique.

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Domingues, Natália Bertolo, Beatriz Regalado Galvão, Sebastião Ribeiro, Antonio Alves de Almeida Junior, Diogo Longhini, and Gelson Luís Adabo. "Comparison of the indentation strength and single-edge-v-notched beam methods for dental ceramic fracture toughness testing." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i2.8648760.

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Aim: To study influence of the cooling rate after sintering a veneering porcelain (Vita VM9) on fracture toughness by indentation strength (IS) and single-edge-v-notched beam (SEVNB) methods. Methods: Vita VM9 bars were sintered according to the manufacturer’s recommendation and cooled under three conditions: Slow (inside the furnace from sintering temperature to room temperature); Normal (inside the furnace from sintering temperature to 500 ºC and outside the furnace from 500 ºC to room temperature); and Fast (outside the furnace from sintering temperature to room temperature). Fracture toughness was measured by IS (n=10) and SEVNB (n=10) methods. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Results: The fracture toughness obtained from SEVNB (slow - 1.02±0.10; normal - 1.09±0.13; and fast - 1,02±0.18 MPa.m1/2 cooling techniques) was significantly lower than IS (slow - 1.19±0.13; normal - 1.17±0.07; and fast - 1.16±0.06 MPa. m1/2 cooling techniques). There was no significant influence of the cooling technique (p=0.012). Conclusions: The measurement technique influenced the fracture toughness values . IS method overestimated the fracture toughness values. Irrespective of the measuring method, cooling rate did not influence the Vita VM9 veneering porcelain fracture toughness.

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Widjiastuti, Ira, Dwina Rahmawati Junaedi, and Ruslan Effendy. "The difference between porcelain and composite resin shear bond strength in the administration of 4% and 19.81% silane." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 52, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i1.p27-31.

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Background: Damage to porcelain restorations such as fractures requires a repair that can be performed either directly or indirectly. Direct repair involves directly performing restoration of fractured porcelain with a composite resin application. This technique has more advantages than indirect repair because it requires no laboratory work and can be completed during a single visit. Silane, on the other hand, has been widely used and is reported to increase porcelain and composite resin attachments during the direct repair process. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the differences in shear bond strength between porcelain and composite resin during the administering of 4% and 19.81% silane. Methods: 27 porcelain samples were divided into three groups, namely: Group A - 4% silane, Group B - 19.81% silane and Group C - no silane, prior to the application of composite resin. Each sample was tested for shear bond strength by means of Autograph and fracture analysis performed through stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope tests. Data analysis was subsequently performed using an ANOVA test. Results: There was a significant difference between the three groups with p=0.000 (p<0.005). The lowest bond strength was found in the group without silane, while the highest was in the group with 4% silane (p<0.005). Conclusion: The use of 4% silane can produce the highest shear bond strength of porcelain and resin composite.

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Shrestha, Rejina, Shaili Pradhan, Ranjita Shrestha Gorkhali, and Anand Verma. "Root Submergence Technique: Forgotten Terrain Revisited." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v2i2.23619.

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The resorption of the alveolar ridge is an inevitable phenomenon after tooth extraction and continues throughout the lifespan of an individual. Socket preservation, hard and soft tissue augmentation procedures are indicated to compensate alveolar bone resorption. Compensation can also be done by masking with acrylic flanges, pink porcelain and gingival veneers. However, procedures to preserve the bone anticipatory to the loss after extraction should be prioritised. This paper reports a case of fractured non-vital tooth where root submergence technique was done. A follow-up at 6 months presents intact bone aiding in the aesthetics and function of the prosthesis.

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Haneda, Isabella Gagliardi, Antonio Alves De Almeida-Junior, Renata Garcia Fonseca, and Gelson Luis Adabo. "Intraoral repair in metal-ceram ic prostheses: a clinical report." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo 21, no. 3 (December 14, 2017): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/ro_unicid.v21i3.468.

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Repairing fractured metal-ceramic prosthesis is a treatment alternative that can increase the restoration longevity, preserve dental structure, and/or the integrity of implant components, besides being a simple, low-cost technique. However, clinicians often see restoration repair as a challenge because of the many doubts regarding the procedures required to obtain satisfactory results. Therefore, the motivation to write this article is the need to provide instructions for clinicians dealing with a situation involving fractured porcelain, presenting an intraoral repair technique that can be used in cases of a fractured ceramic veneer of a fixed partial prosthesis. The technique consisted in treating the remaining ceramic surface and applying a microhybrid composite resin following the steps of a protocol that, according to scientific evidence, has promoted high bond strength to porcelain, in addition to being cost effective.

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Pameijer, Cornelis H., and Tousuke Kikutake. "Enhancing Esthetics in Porcelain Fused to Metal Through Technique Modifications." Dental Clinics of North America 29, no. 4 (October 1985): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8532(22)02128-0.

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45

Winstanley, Ray B. "Tooth preparation for porcelain veneers – which technique do I use?" British Dental Journal 192, no. 7 (April 2002): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801383.

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Winstanley, Ra. "Tooth preparation for porcelain veneers – which technique do I use?" British Dental Journal 192, no. 7 (April 13, 2002): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801383a.

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47

Sheets, Cherilyn G., and Tadanori Taniguchi. "A multidie technique for the fabrication of porcelain laminate veneers." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 70, no. 4 (October 1993): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(93)90210-f.

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Donovan, T. E., W. Wright, and J. Prince. "Technique for applying porcelain to pontics of fixed partial dentures." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 53, no. 1 (January 1985): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(85)90085-x.

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Rotoli, BT, DANL Lima, NP Pini, FHB Aguiar, GDS Pereira, and LAMS Paulillo. "Porcelain Veneers as an Alternative for Esthetic Treatment: Clinical Report." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-382-t.

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SUMMARY This case report describes the restoration of the anterior dentition with porcelain laminate veneers. The advances in bonding of porcelain to tooth structure make this treatment a feasible alternative to restore teeth with alteration in shape and position in cases in which the esthetic demand is high. The rationale for various choices in this treatment protocol is detailed with reference to the pertinent literature. Thus, the clinical success of the technique depends on the correct identification of a case for which this treatment is appropriate and the successful execution of the clinical steps involved.

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Miranda, Jean Soares, Natália Veloso Malta, Ronaldo Luís Almeida De Carvalho, Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e. Souza, João Paulo Barros Machado, and Fabíola Pessôa Pereira Leite. "Which low-fusing porcelain glaze treatment technique is better to promote a vitreous surface on Y-TZP ceramic?" Revista Odonto Ciência 32, no. 4 (July 25, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2017.4.28749.

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OBJECTIVE: to evaluated the influence of two types of low-fusing porcelain glaze application on the surface of a zirconia ceramics stabilized by yttrium (Y-TZP).METHODS: Y-TZP specimens were divided into five groups (n=5) according the surface treatments: control (CO), no treatment was performed; application of a thin low-fusing porcelain glass layer by the powder/liquid technique (GPL); GPL followed by 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching (GPL-HF); glaze spray application (GS); GS followed by 10% HF etching (GS-HF). Roughness measurements contact angle, x-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were performed.RESULTS: ANOVA and Tukey tests revealed that GPL had significantly lower contact angle values than the other groups (GPL:50.31º; GPL-HF: 72.73º; GS-HF: 81.73º; CO: 96.48º; GS:101.30º; p=0.001). GPL-HF presented a significant higher roughness (Ra/Rq: 2658.0/3367.0 ηm; p=0.001) than the other groups (GPL: 872.1/1162.0 ηm; GS-HF: 383.0/603.6 ηm; GS: 303.4/391.3 ηm; CO:263.4/339.1 ηm). The X-ray diffraction analysis just tetragonal phase in all groups. EDS and SEM analysis show a highest amount of silica on GPL and GPL-HF surface.CONCLUSION: the application of the low-fusing porcelain glaze by the powder/liquid technique followed by the HF etching promoted a better surface to micromechanical and chemical adhesion.

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