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Academic literature on the topic 'Porcelain Technique'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Porcelain Technique"

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Longhini, Diogo, Cibele Oliveira de Melo Rocha, Igor Studart Medeiros, Renata Garcia Fonseca, and Gelson Luis Adabo. "Effect of Glaze Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Conventional and Pressed Porcelain on Zirconia." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 5 (October 2016): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600709.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize a conventional and a pressed porcelain for zirconia core as to biaxial flexural strength (BFS), apparent fracture toughness (FT) and microstructure composition, and to investigate the effect of glaze cooling rate on the BFS of the zirconia/porcelain bilayers. Monolayers of conventional porcelain Vita VM9 and pressed porcelain Vita PM9 (n=15) (12 mm diameter x 1.2 mm thick) were prepared for the BFS test (MPa). Apparent fracture toughness (MPa.m1/2) was measured by indentation technique (n=15). t-Student test was performed for statistical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to analyze the porcelain's microstructure. For the BFS of bilayers, zirconia discs (12 mm diameter x 1 mm thick) (Vita In-Ceram YZ) were veneered with the two porcelains (1 mm thick). After the glaze firing simulation, the specimens were submitted to fast or slow cooling (n=15). Apparent fracture toughness (MPa.m1/2) was measured on the porcelain surface of bilayers (n=15) and residual stress was calculated. Two-way ANOVA (porcelain and cooling method) was used for the bilayer analysis (a=0.05). Vita PM9 monolayer exhibited significantly higher BFS (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference (p=0.41) in the FT between the porcelains. For bilayer specimens, the two-way ANOVA for BFS was significant for the porcelain variable only (p<0.01) better for Vita PM9/zirconia. Two-way ANOVA for the FT for the bilayers was not significant for any variable. All groups showed compressive residual stresses. The pressed porcelain seems to be mechanically more effective for zirconia veneering.
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Yu, Hai Yang, Zhen Sun, Hua Zhao, and Min Hao Zhu. "Stress Analysis of Bonded-Interface Technique on Subsurface Damage Observations of Brittle Porcelains." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.864.

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In the subsurface damage observations on the wear behavior of brittle dental porcelains, it still remains unsolved that how to distinguish the cracks that develops accidentally during the preparing sample process from those actually produced in the tests. In the sliding friction tests, the bonded-interface technique (BIT) was successfully used for subsurface damage evaluations. The profile of wear scar was easily observed on the cemented section of the blocks without inducing any cracks. The stresses on the surface and internal of dental porcelains were calculated with the contact element method (CEM) by ABAQUS software. The model of rectangular dental porcelain and Si3N4 ball were developed based on sliding friction tests. The Si3N4 ball modeled in this study was of the diameter of 4mm and 12 mm. The size of Vita VMK 95 porcelain blocks was 5 mm wide, 2 mm thick and 15 mm long. The glue layer thickness values are 10 .m, 20 .m and 30 .m. The loading of the Si3N4 ball was modeled as a constant distributed vertical load applied across the bonding line of the porcelain. Stresses and displacements of all nodes of the model, especially at the bonding interface, were analyzed and compared. The results of the study indicated that stress values correlated strongly to the applied loads. Stress distribution was symmetric about the bonded-interface plane. The maximum occurred in surface layer and the minimum on the bottom line in the porcelain blocks. Along the interface, stresses decreased with the distance from the surface of porcelain. On the other hand, high stresses focus on the surface part and go sharply down in the internal region along the depth direction. Among the parameters of sliding test on the stresses, the load effect is prominent. The BIT model experiences a different, non-axisymmetric stress field than that of real work-piece. So the BIT should not be considered as a reliable source of quantitative analysis but as a qualitative method for observing the form of the damage modes with more visible information than the conventional tools.
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Wiley, Michael G., Thomas L. Huff, Charles Trebilcock, and Thomas B. Girvan. "Esthetic porcelain margins: A modified porcelain-wax technique." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 56, no. 5 (November 1986): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90414-2.

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Sasahara, R. M. C., F. C. Ribeiro, P. F. Cesar, and H. N. Yoshimura. "Influence of the Finishing Technique on Surface Roughness of Dental Porcelains with Different Microstructures." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/05-104.

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Clinical Relevance After the glaze layer of a ceramic restoration is broken, the clinician should pay attention to the specific porcelain used in the prosthetic work, since the best finishing technique (reglazing versus polishing) depends on the porcelain's characteristics.
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Deng, Bin, Hong Chen Liu, Yuan Fu Yi, Long Quan Shao, Kang Lin Hou, Rong Jian Lu, Jie Mo Tian, and Ning Wen. "Microstructure of Interface between Zirconia and Veneer Porcelain." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.55.

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To study whether the veneering technique will have an impact on zirconia grain and the bonding type and relationship on interface between zirconia and veneer porcelain. Materials and methods: After sintered, zirconia was annealed for 15 minute to finish the phase transition from m to t.4 types of veneer porcelains were sintered and observed with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Results: With etching time extending, it appeared that many materials loosed and corrosional pit deepened, enlarged in the veneer porcelain, which made crystallize structure move into veneering surface. Composition of interface mainly was amorphous glass matrix and zirconia. Energy spectrum analysis showed that there was no remnant glass composition in the zirconia side departing from interface. SEM showed that crystal in veneering side did not participate interface bonding. Conclusion: The interface between 4 types of veneer porcelains and zirconia bonded well. Veneering sintering technique didn’t change lattice structure of zirconia, which still was tetragonal structure. The specific bonding property of interface still remained to be analyzed further to determine.
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Moya, F., J. Payan, J. Bernardini, and E. G. Moya. "Experimental Observation of Silver and Gold Penetration into Dental Ceramic by Means of a Radiotracer Technique." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 12 (December 1987): 1717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660120401.

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A radiotracer technique was used to study silver and gold diffusion into dental porcelain under experimental conditions close to the real conditions in prosthetic laboratories for porcelain bakes. It was clearly shown that these non-oxidizable elements were able to diffuse into the ceramic as well as oxidizable ones. The penetration depth varied widely according to the element. The ratio DAg/DA u was about 103 around 850°C. In contrast to gold, the silver diffusion rate was high enough to allow silver, from the metallic alloy, to be present at the external ceramic surface after diffusion into the ceramic. Hence, the greening of dental porcelains baked on silver-rich alloys could be explained mainly by a solid-state diffusion mechanism.
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Wady, Amanda Fucci, André Gustavo Paleari, Thallita Pereira Queiroz, and Rogerio Margonar. "Repair Technique for Fractured Implant-Supported Metal-Ceramic Restorations: A Clinical Report." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00085.

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The fracture of porcelain structures have been related in either natural dentition or implant-supported restorations. Techniques using a composite resin or indirect methods can be used. This article presents a porcelain fracture on implant-supported metal-ceramic restoration. IPS Empress e.max laminate veneer restoration was used to repair the fracture. With this technique, it was possible to restore aesthetics and function, combined with low cost and patient satisfaction.
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SOGAWA, Satori. "Historical developments of porcelain enameling technique." Jitsumu Hyomen Gijutsu 33, no. 3 (1986): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj1970.33.84.

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Deng, Bin, Hong Chen Liu, Yuan Fu Yi, Chen Wang, Ning Wen, and Jie Mo Tian. "Effects of Veneering Porcelain Type on Bending Strength of Dental Y-TZP/Porcelain Bilayered Structure." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.524.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different veneering porcelain types on the flexural strength of dental Y-TZP/porcelain layered structure. KAVO™ Everest zirconia ceramics were selected as substructure. To forming Y-TZP/porcelain bilayered structure, a leucite based veneering porcelain was fired on the zirconia substructures by slip-casting technique with dentin washbake, and two nano-fluorapatite based veneering porcelain was fired on the zirconia substructures either by slip-casting or pressed-on technique with or without liner coverage. Bending strength was tested according to ISO 6872 standard, and the veneered surfaces of fracture samples were analyzed by SEM. Experimental results showed that for covering KaVo™ zirconia core material, conventionally applied veneering slurry-porcelain combined with liner or wash firing has significant higher bending strength than pressed-on porcelain. SEM showed that the main failure type at the interface was adhesive.
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TANG, HUI, YU HAN, and HAO SUN. "CAN THE OPAQUE PORCELAIN AND DENTIN PORCELAIN BE SUBSTITUTED IN TITANIUM–PORCELAIN PROSTHETIC?" Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 03 (March 30, 2017): 1750037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17500378.

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Due to the biocompatibility, mechanical strength and esthetics properties, titanium–porcelain prosthetic plays an important role in prosthodontics. However, weak bonding strength and considerable thickness of the porcelain restrict its application. Whether we can find a method to increase the bonding strength and reduce the thickness of the porcelain is an acute problem. In this study, ceramic coatings with similar color of nature teeth are fabricated on the surface of pure titanium by micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The colors, thickness and bonding strength of the coatings can be controlled by adding ferrous sulfate into the electrolytes. These new coatings can be used in titanium–porcelain prosthetic to substitute the opaque and dentin porcelain which can enhance the bonding strength and decrease the thickness of the porcelain compared with the conventional technique.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Porcelain Technique"

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Papazoglou, Efstratios. "On porcelain bonding, oxidation, mechanical properties and high-temperature distortion of high-palladium dental casting alloys." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47770015.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1999.
Advisor: William A. Brantley, Oral Biology Program. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pinto, Ariane. "Microstructure et procédés techniques des porcelaines qinghua : une approche de type science des matériaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30183.

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La porcelaine à décor bleu et blanc, ou porcelaine qinghua, est l'une des céramiques les plus célèbres au monde. Produite dès le XIIIe siècle dans les fours de Jingdezhen (province du Jiangxi), elle se caractérise par l'usage d'un décor sous glaçure à base de métaux de transition (cobalt principalement mais également fer ou manganèse). Ce type de porcelaine est constitué d'une structure en couche qui se prête particulièrement bien à une décomposition en différents systèmes (glaçure, zone pigmentaire, pâte, interface entre la pâte et la glaçure dans les zones sans décor). Notre thèse a pour objet l'étude de la microstructure des différents systèmes et sous-systèmes constituants la porcelaine afin, par une approche de type " rétro-ingénierie ", de remonter aux procédés techniques à l'origine de la fabrication de ces objets. Pour ce faire, 33 échantillons datés des dynasties Yuan (1279-1368), Ming (1368-1644) et Qing moyenne (1736-1850), fabriqués sur le site de Jingdezhen, ont été étudiés selon une approche multi-analytique. L'étude a permis de mettre en évidence une homogénéité de la composition et des conditions de cuissons des pâtes à haute température, traduisant la standardisation du procédé technique. Les glaçures sont également relativement homogènes à l'exception de certaines glaçures plus riches en calcium qui permettaient une cuisson à plus basse température. Les évolutions technologiques les plus importantes concernent le pigment de cobalt employé pour peindre le décor bleu sous glaçure. Les analyses ont permis de confirmer deux origines différentes du minerai : un cobalt riche en fer probablement originaire de Perse, employé sous la dynastie Yuan (1279-1368), et un cobalt local riche en manganèse et nickel utilisé à partir de la dynastie Ming moyenne (1436-1572). On voit également se développer au Ming moyen (1436-1572), un pigment de synthèse, l'aluminate de cobalt (CoAl2O4) probablement formé par la réaction à haute température du minerai de cobalt et d'une argile alumino-siliceuse. Le pigment de cobalt obtenu est ensuite mélangé à des phases riches en calcium entraînant la croissance de cristaux aciculaires d'anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), autour des grains de pigment, durant la cuisson. La présence de nombreux gros grains de pigments riches en cobalt, entourés d'une couche épaisse de cristaux d'anorthite permet l'obtention de la couleur bleue la plus intense. Enfin, l'étude fine de la microstructure a permis d'identifier des microstructures "déviantes" appartenant à des vases qui pourraient être des copies modernes
Blue-and-white porcelain, or qinghua porcelain, is one of the most famous types of ceramics in the world. Produced since the 13th century in Jingdezhen kilns (Jiangxi Province), it is defined by the use of an underglazed decoration based on transition elements (mainly cobalt but also iron or manganese). This type of porcelain presents a layered structure easily divided in different systems (glaze, pigment zone, body, body-glaze interface in white zones). Our thesis is dedicated to the microstructural study of the different systems and sub-systems by a "reverse-engineering" approach to uncover the manufacturing process. To do so, we studied 33 samples from the Yuan (1279-1368), Ming (1368-1644) and Middle Qing (1736-1850) Dynasties, produced in Jingdezhen, using a multi-analytical approach. This study highlighted the uniformity in chemical composition and firing conditions of the body implying the standardisation of the manufacturing process. Glaze chemical compositions are also rather homogeneous except from some glazes richer in calcium, which could allow the use of a lower firing temperature. The main technological evolutions concern the underglazed blue pigment. The chemical composition confirmed two geological origins: a Fe-rich cobalt probably from Persia used during the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), and a local Mn-rich and Ni-rich cobalt used since the Middle Ming Dynasty (1279-1368). We also observed the development of a synthesis pigment, cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4), during the Middle Ming Dynasty (1436-1572). It was probably synthesised from the high temperature reaction of cobalt ore with an alumino-siliceous clay. The cobalt pigment is then mixed with Ca-rich phases leading to the growth of anorthite crystals (CaAl2Si2O8) around the pigment grains during firing. The bright blue colour is obtained with the presence of large Co-rich pigment grains surrounded by a thick anorthite layer. Finally, the microstructure study allows us to identify "deviant" microstructure on wares which could be modern copies
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Wang, Tian. "A Multi-scale Study of Ancient Ceramics Using a Series of Analytical Techniques." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0052/document.

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Les artefacts en céramique ont une longue histoire et ont été récupérés dans presque toutes les régions du monde. La conservation n’est que rarement impactée par le milieu d’enfouissement. Donc, ils sont des matériaux idéaux pour comprendre l'histoire et la culture de homme. Les principales études archéologiques sur les céramiques anciennes concernent la provenance (datation, atelier, commerce), les matières premières (identification, origine), le processus de fabrication et l'utilisation (analyse des résidus de contenu). Mon travail porte plus précisément sur le processus de fabrication. Les principales étapes du processus de fabrication sont: la sélection des matières premières, la préparation, le façonnage, salle de bains, sur deux possibilités. Soit le vase est cuit avant l'étape de décoration, soit la décoration est appliquée sur le vase cru. Pour finir, l'ensemble est cuit. Mon objectif est d'obtenir des informations sur le procédé de fabrication en analysant la structure des céramiques anciennes, et en particulier, la structure des couches décoratives. La structure des céramiques anciennes est une structure complexe en couches avec des hétérogénéités à différentes échelles (mm à nm). Une céramique décorée est généralement composée d'une pâte et d'un revêtement, y compris de la décoration. Le revêtement peut contenir des natures différentes. L'épaisseur peut être variable de mm à nm. La couche décorative peut être une partie ou du tout la revêtement. La couche décorative peut être constitutive d'une phase vitrifiée amorphe et divers cristaux, tels que cristaux colorants, feldspath, quartz, etc., dont la taille varie de plusieurs microns à nanomètre. La description de cette structure nécessite l'analyse à haute résolution (nm) avec grande zone représentative (souvent plusieurs mm3). C’est difficile à réaliser. Dans mon travail, j'ai proposé une autre approche. L'approche est basée sur trois étapes. Premièrement, les analyses rapides (principalement microscopie optique) à faibles résolutions sont effectuées pour analyser et sélectionner la zone nécessitant une analyse à haute résolution. Ensuite, la zone sélectionnée est analysée à haute résolution par des techniques appropriées en tenant compte des informations recherchées. Troisièmement, on essaie de construire la structure de l'objet sur la base des données partielles, et d’en déduire le processus de fabrication. Je vais illustrer cette approche par trois exemples. La première concerne le pigment jaune de la terre sigillée marbrée romaine (chapitre III). Le second concerne le processus de cuisson des poteries attiques (chapitre III). Le troisième concerne les variations de couleur de la décoration bleue des porcelaines Qinghua (chapitre IV)
Ceramic artifacts have a long history and have been discovered worldwide. Their conservations are rarely impacted by the burial sites. Thus, they are ideal materials for understanding the human history and culture. The main archaeological studies concerning ancient ceramics contains provenance (dating, workshop, trade), raw materials (identification, origin), manufacturing process and utilization (analysis of content residues). For my work, I focused on the investigation of the manufacturing process. The main steps of fabrication process of ancient ceramics is composed of selection of raw materials, preparation (leaching, purification, body, glaze or slip, pigments), shaping (the plastic paste is shaped to the lathe or using the molds). Then, there are two possibilities: either the vase is fired before the decoration stage, or the decoration is applied to the raw vase. To finish, the whole is fired. My objective is to obtain information on the manufacturing process by analyzing the structure of ancient ceramics, and in particular the structure of decorative layers. The structure of ancient ceramics is complex with heterogeneities at different scales (mm to nm). A decorated ceramic generally is composed of a body and a coating, which including of the decoration. The coating could contain different natures. The thickness can be variable from mm to nm. The decorative layer can be a part of the coating or the whole coating. The decorative layer can be constituent of an amorphous vitrified phase and diverse crystals, such as colorant crystals, feldspar, quartz, etc., of which the size varies from several microns to nanometer. The description of such structure requires the analysis at high resolution (nm) with large representative zone (often, several mm3). It is difficult to realize. In my work, I proposed an alternative approach. The approach is based on three stages. Firstly, the rapid investigations (principally, optical microscopy) at low resolutions are effected to analyze and select the zone requiring analysis at high resolution. Secondly, the selected zone is analyzed at high resolution by appropriate techniques according to the information sought. Thirdly, I try to construct the structure of the object based on the partially data, and therefore deduce the manufacturing process. I will illustrate this approach through three examples. The first one concerns the yellow pigment of the Roman marbled terra sigillata (Chapter III). The second one is about the firing process of Attic potteries (Chapter III). The third one concerns the color variations of blue decoration of Qinghua porcelains (Chapter IV)
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Plinval, de Guillebon Régine de. "Les biscuits de porcelaine de Paris (XVIIIe - XIXe siècle)." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE4015.

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De nombreuses statuettes fabriquées par les manufactures de porcelaine installées à Paris à partir de 1770, sont laissées à l’état de biscuit (porcelaine cuite sans couverte). Ce sont des œuvres multiples, exécutées par moulage. Nous étudions leur origine, leur technique et procédés de fabrication, dont les expériences de cuisson au charbon de terre, en 1782-1785, et la photosculpture vers 1864-1867. Le rôle des hommes en tant qu’investisseurs, entrepreneurs, hommes de science, artistes et ouvriers, est replacé dans son contexte (organisation du travail, salaires). Les manufactures sont examinées du point de vue économique, de leur implantation à Paris, les conditions de la production (législation, concurrence européenne et provinciale, diffusion). La production est diversifiée, les biscuits sont parfois colorés, inclus dans du cristal, ils peuvent atteindre deux mètres de haut. L’évolution du style est basée sur des documents d’archives et les publications des expositions nationales et internationales en France et à l’étranger de 1798 à 1900. La synthèse est complétée par un glossaire, un index des noms propres, une liste de plus de huit cent biscuits cités, et les sources. Les annexes comportent un catalogue des manufactures parisiennes y compris celui des biscuits recensés dans les musées et collections européennes et des Etats-Unis, et quatre-vingt deux planches : portraits, technique, œuvres
Many statuettes produced by Paris porcelain factories, setted up from 1770, were in biscuit (first firing of clay). Biscuits are multiple works, made by molds. We studied their techniques, manufacturing process, experiments of coal baking (1782-1785), discovery of photosculpture (about 1864-1867). The role of men such as investors, factory managers, scientists, artists and workers, is placed in context : factories and workers organisation, salaries. Factories are studied with respect to their economics, their set up in Paris, and conditions of production : legislation, competition with European and provincial factories, marketing and distribution. Production is diversified, because biscuits were sometimes coloured, sometimes included in cristal, and can be up to two meters in height. The study of their evolution of style is based on archives and publications specialy published for national and international exhibitions in France or another countries, from 1798 to 1900. This synthesis is completed with a glossary, an index (nouns and places), a list of eight hundred biscuits, and sources. Annexes comprises a catalog of thirty Paris factories, with a catalog of biscuits kept in museums and public and private collections in Europe and USA, and eighty-two plates : portraits, techniques, biscuits
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Contreras, Lisseth Patricia Claudio [UNESP]. "Cerâmicas feldspáticas estratificadas e em blocos para sistema CAD/CAM: avaliação da topografia superficial, formação de biofilme inicial e viabilidade celular." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148665.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a topografia e a formação de biofilme na superfície de cerâmicas feldspáticas obtidas através de duas técnicas de confecção e dois tratamentos de superfície, assim como avaliar a viabilidade do crescimento de fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) sobre estes materiais. Foram confeccionados 52 blocos de cada tipo de cerâmica feldspática: VM9 obtida através da técnica da estratificação e cerâmica Vita Blocs Mark II (VMII) para o sistema CAD/CAM (ambas, Vita Zahnfabrik). As superfícies dos blocos foram padronizadas em politriz nas dimensões de 4,5 x 4,5 x 1,5 mm e os blocos foram divididos em dois tratamentos de finalização de superfície: polimento com borrachas Ceramisté + pasta de polimento e aplicação de glaze spray + sinterização. Os parâmetros de rugosidade Ra e Rsm foram mensurados através de um rugosímetro de contato. As amostras foram esterilizadas e, em seguida contaminadas (n=10) para formação de biofilme heterotípico inicial de S. mutans, S. sanguinis e C. albicans, cuja aderência foi quantificada por contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL). O teste MTT foi empregado para avaliação da viabilidade celular dos materiais ao crescimento de fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) em 24 h e 7 dias (n=12). Foram realizadas análises qualitativas da superfície dos espécimes através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e perfilometria óptica 3D. A energia livre de superfície (ELS) foi calculada a partir de análises de goniômetria com líquidos polar e apolar em 10 amostras de 15 x 1 5 x 1,5 mm. Os resultados de Ra, RSm e ELS foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA 2 fatores (material x tratamento de superfície) seguido por teste de Tukey (ambos, α=95%), e os dados de UFC fatores (material x tratamento x micro-organismos) e MTT (material x tratamento x tempo) foram avaliados por ANOVA 3 fatores e teste Tukey (α=95%). As imagens de MEV e perfilometria foram descritas. As cerâmicas polidas apresentaram menor rugosidade (Ra p=0,015; RSm p=0,049) e maior ELS (p=0,00), sendo que a mais alta Ra foi verificada para VM9 glazeada. A aderência bacteriana foi influenciada pela interação de todos os fatores (p=0,018). Os Streptococcus formaram em maior número em todos os materiais, mas sobre VMII polida não houve aderência de C. albicans. Inicialmente, os materiais apresentaram ausência de citotoxicidade, mas a viabilidade celular de todos os grupos foi reduzida após 7 dias (p=0,00). As micrografias mostram que a aderência de micro-organismos ocorreu independente de irregularidades na topografia dos materiais, e as imagens de perfilometria ressaltaram o padrão de ranhuras das amostras polidas e o acúmulo de glaze em “ilhas” nas amostras glazeadas. Foi possível concluir que ambas técnicas de obtenção resultam em cerâmicas feldspáticas biocompatíveis e que a finalização da superfície por polimento resultou em menor rugosidade média, maior ELS e menor aderência de C. albicans.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the topography and surface biofilm formation of feldspathic ceramics obtained through two techniques of preparation and two surface treatments, as well as to evaluate the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) growth on these materials. A total of 52 blocks of each type of feldspathic ceramic were made: VM9 obtained by the stratification technique and Vita Blocs Mark II (VMII) for the CAD/CAM system (both, Vita Zahnfabrik). The blocks’ surfaces were standardized in a polishing machine to the dimensions of 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 mm and blocks were divided into two surface finishing treatments: polishing with Ceramisté rubbers + polishing with paste; and glaze application + sintering. The Ra and RSm roughness parameters were measured through a contact rugosimeter. Samples were sterilized and then contaminated (n = 10) for initial heterotypic biofilm formation of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and C. albicans, whose adherence was quantified by counting colony forming units (CFU/mL). The MTT test was used to evaluate the cellular viability of the materials to the growth of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) in 24 h and 7 days (n=12). Qualitative analyzes of the specimens’ surface were performed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D optical profilometry. Surface free energy (SFE) was calculated from goniometry analyzes of polar and apolar liquids in 10 samples of 15 x 15 x 1.5 mm. The results of Ra, RSm and ELS were subjected to 2-way ANOVA (Material x surface treatment) followed by Tukey’s test (both, α=95%), and UFC (material x surface treatment x microorganisms) and MTT (material x surfacetreatment x time) data were evaluated by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=95%). SEM and profilometry images were described. The polished ceramics presented lower roughness (Ra p=0.015; RSm p=0.049) and higher SFE (p=0.00), with the highest Ra being verified for glazed VM9. Bacterial adherence was influenced by the interaction of all factors (p=0.018). Streptococcus formed in greater number in all materials, but on polished VMII there was no adherence of C. albicans. Initially, the materials showed no cytotoxicity, but the cell viability of all groups was reduced after 7 days (p=0.00). Micrographs showed that microorganisms adherence occurred regardless of irregularities in the topography of the materials, and the profilometry images emphasized the grooved pattern of the polished samples and the glaze accumulation in "islands" in glazed samples. The surface treatments had greater influence than the technique of making the feldsphapatic ceramics. It could be concluded that both obtaining techniques resulted in biocompatible feldsphatic ceramics and that the surface finishing by polishing resulted in lower mean roughness, higher SFE and lower C. albicans adhesion.
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Khmaj, Mofida R. ajaili. "Comparison of Metal-Ceramic Bond Strengths of Four Noble Alloys using Press-on-Metal (PoM) and Conventional Layering Techniques." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338398303.

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Contreras, Lisseth Patricia Claudio. "Cerâmicas feldspáticas estratificadas e em blocos para sistema CAD/CAM : avaliação da topografia superficial, formação de biofilme inicial e viabilidade celular /." São José dos Campos, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148665.

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Orientador: Marco Antonio Bottino
Banca: Laís Regiane da Silva Concilio
Banca: Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a topografia e a formação de biofilme na superfície de cerâmicas feldspáticas obtidas através de duas técnicas de confecção e dois tratamentos de superfície, assim como avaliar a viabilidade do crescimento de fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) sobre estes materiais. Foram confeccionados 52 blocos de cada tipo de cerâmica feldspática: VM9 obtida através da técnica da estratificação e cerâmica Vita Blocs Mark II (VMII) para o sistema CAD/CAM (ambas, Vita Zahnfabrik). As superfícies dos blocos foram padronizadas em politriz nas dimensões de 4,5 x 4,5 x 1,5 mm e os blocos foram divididos em dois tratamentos de finalização de superfície: polimento com borrachas Ceramisté + pasta de polimento e aplicação de glaze spray + sinterização. Os parâmetros de rugosidade Ra e Rsm foram mensurados através de um rugosímetro de contato. As amostras foram esterilizadas e, em seguida contaminadas (n=10) para formação de biofilme heterotípico inicial de S. mutans, S. sanguinis e C. albicans, cuja aderência foi quantificada por contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL). O teste MTT foi empregado para avaliação da viabilidade celular dos materiais ao crescimento de fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) em 24 h e 7 dias (n=12). Foram realizadas análises qualitativas da superfície dos espécimes através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e perfilometria óptica 3D. A energia livre de superfície (ELS) foi calculada a partir de análises de gon... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract:The Objective of this study was to evaluate the topography and surface biofilm formation of feldspathic ceramics obtained through two techniques of preparation and two surface treatments, as well as to evaluate the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) growth on these materials. A total of 52 blocks of each type of feldspathic ceramic were made: VM9 obtained by the stratification technique and Vita Blocs Mark II (VMII) for the CAD/CAM system (both, Vita Zahnfabrik). The blocks' surfaces were standardized in a polishing machine to the dimensions of 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 mm and blocks were divided into two surface finishing treatments: polishing with Ceramisté rubbers + polishing with paste; and glaze application + sintering. The Ra and RSm roughness parameters were measured through a contact rugosimeter. Samples were sterilized and then contaminated (n = 10) for initial heterotypic biofilm formation of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and C. albicans, whose adherence was quantified by counting colony forming units (CFU/mL). The MTT test was used to evaluate the cellular viability of the materials to the growth of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) in 24 h and 7 days (n=12). Qualitative analyzes of the specimens' surface were performed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D optical profilometry. Surface free energy (SFE) was calculated from goniometry analyzes of polar and apolar liquids in 10 samples of 15 x 15 x 1.5 mm. The results of Ra, RSm and ELS were subjected to 2-way ANOVA (Material x surface treatment) followed by Tukey's test (both, α=95%), and UFC (material x surface treatment x microorganisms) and MTT (material x surfacetreatment x time) data were evaluated by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=95%). SEM and profilometry images were described. The polished ceramics presented lower roughness (Ra p=0.015; RSm p=0.049) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Alwthinani, Fahad K. "Effect of veneering technique, heat rate, holding time and zirconia thickness on the mechanical properties of porcelain veneers." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/18666.

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OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect of different veneering techniques, Y-TZP core thicknesses, and firing cycles with different heat rates and holding times on the mechanical properties of veneering porcelain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biaxial flexural strength and Thermal shock resistance tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of veneer porcelain. Core material, Y-TZP and two porcelain veneers, IPS e.max Ceram and VITA VM9, were used in this study. Vita YZ zirconia blocks were sectioned and sintered to provide slabs of 1.65, 3.25, and 6.50mm in thickness. Two techniques were used to fabricate VITA VM9 and e.max Ceram porcelain veneer porcelain discs, Hand Layered, mixing powder with manufacturer’s molding liquid, condensed in a mold, and Pressed, pressing powder uniaxially in a mold. A layer of carbon paint was applied to the zirconia to allow removal of the porcelain discs. For thermal shock test the veneering porcelain fired on the Y-TZP core with a wash layer. After the veneer discs were fabricated, they were sintered: (1) According to the manufacturer’s instructions; (2) Two different cycles with slower heat rate and longer holding than the recommended value. Biaxial flexural strength was determined using a universal mechanical tester. Thermal shock tests were performed using a Pober thermal shock device. Statistical analysis was conducted for all tests using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at p= 0.05. RESULTS: There was significant effect from changes of YZ Core thickness, firing cycle, and veneer technique on the mechanical properties of porcelain veneer. The veneering technique had the largest impact on the mechanical properties of veneer porcelain followed by firing cycle, followed by YZ core thickness. In using different firing cycles with different heat rates and holding times, slowing the heating rate had more influence on the mechanical properties of veneer porcelain. In measuring the surface temperature of the Y-TZP/VITA VM9 assembly, the specimen surface temperature was coincidental with the furnace programmed firing cycle using a slower heating rate firing cycle. CONCLUSIONS Veneering technique, slower heat rate firing cycle, and Y-TZP core thickness have significant impact on veneering porcelain mechanical properties.
2018-09-28T00:00:00Z
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Acuña, Alsina Pedro Luis. "Success of dental veneers according to preparation design, ceramic material and adhesive technique - a review." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9362.

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As facetas cerâmicas tornaram-se um procedimento restaurador conservador comum para os dentes anteriores, devido aos elevados resultados estéticos e à relativa previsibilidade a longo prazo. No entanto, a variedade nos desenhos de preparação dentária, nas técnicas de cimentação e nos tipos de materiais restauradores disponíveis, deixa o clínico num dilema quanto à sua utilização. Esta revisão bibliográfica pretende centrar-se nos conceitos de diferentes desenhos de preparação, nos novos avanços no material cerâmico e implicações da técnica adesiva como fatores importantes relacionados com o sucesso clínico. Para isso foi executada uma pesquisa eletrónica nas bases de dados PubMed e Cochrane Database. As facetas feldspáticas e as vidro-cerâmicas têm uma elevada taxa de sobrevivência. As fraturas e as descimentações são as complicações mais frequentes. No que respeita a estudos futuros, são necessários ensaios clínicos randomizados que visem avaliar de forma adequada os fatores envolvidos no sucesso a longo prazo.
Laminate veneers have become a conservative common restorative procedure for anterior teeth, due to high aesthetics outcomes and a relative long-term predictability. However, the diverse preparation designs, cementation techniques and ceramic material types leave the clinician in a dilemma of which approach to use. This literature review aims to focus on concepts of different preparation designs, new advances in ceramic materials and adhesive technique implications as an important factor related to clinical success. For this, an electronical research was made in PubMed and Cochrane Database. Glass ceramics and feldspathic veneers have high survival rates. Fractures and debonding are the most frequent complications. With regard for future studies, more randomized clinical trial are needed to accurately assess the factors related to long term success.
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Lee, Ching-su, and 李慶樹. "A Study of Official Porcelain Wares of Southern Song Dynasty and Contribution Porcelain Wares : The Examples of Ceramic Techniques and Chemical Analysis of Bodies and Glaze Elements." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48417740055598198141.

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Books on the topic "Porcelain Technique"

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Whyman, Caroline. Porcelain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.

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The joys of porcelain. Livonia, MI: Scott Publications, 1987.

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Richard, Boutin, ed. Handpainting porcelain. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 2001.

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Painting china & porcelain. Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles, 1995.

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Porcelain painting with Uwe Geissler. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 1995.

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Albis, Antoine d'. Traité de la porcelaine de Sèvres. Dijon: Faton, 2003.

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Fish, Robert J. Porcelain in dentistry: A clinical technique manual. 2nd ed. Coral Springs, Fla: Professional Resources, 1988.

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Bai, Ming. La porcelaine de Jingdezhen: Savoir-faire et techniques traditionnels = The traditional craft of porcelain in Jingdezhen. Vendin-le-Vieil, France: Revue de la céramique et du verre, 2005.

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The complete guide to painting and decorating porcelain. London: Robert Hale, Ltd., 2009.

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Mary Rogers on pottery and porcelain: [a handbuilder's approach]. Radnor, Pa: Chilton Book Co., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Porcelain Technique"

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Li, Wenjie. "Porcelain Techniques in Ancient China." In A New Phase of Systematic Development of Scientific Theories in China, 51–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7844-1_2.

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Woodward, Alan. "Quality Improvement Techniques." In 67th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 26, Number 9, 7. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291290.ch2.

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Frank, Dale A., and J. Richard Schorr. "New Techniques for Monitoring Temperatures in Furnaces." In 60th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 19, Issue 5, 51–56. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294512.ch13.

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Kopplin, Kara. "Evolution of Cookstove Designs and Manufacturing Techniques." In 62nd Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 21, Issue 5, 1–3. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294642.ch1.

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Yu, Hai Yang, Zhen Sun, Hua Zhao, and Min Hao Zhu. "Stress Analysis of Bonded-Interface Technique on Subsurface Damage Observations of Brittle Porcelains." In Key Engineering Materials, 864–67. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.864.

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Yu, H. Y., Zhong Rong Zhou, and L. H. He. "The Friction and Wear Behaviors of Dental Porcelains with Different Surface Strengthening Techniques." In Advanced Biomaterials VI, 637–40. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-967-9.637.

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Gonthier, Erik, and Ida-Ambre Gonthier. "Jades, techniques comparatives de découpe, gravure et polissage." In Jade, or, porcelaine..., 69–90. Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pulm.7650.

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Kilpatrick, N. M., and L. A. L. Burbridge. "Advanced restorative dentistry." In Paediatric Dentistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789277.003.0019.

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The aim of this chapter is to cover the management of more complicated clinical problems associated with children and adolescents: tooth discolouration, inherited enamel and dentine defects, hypodontia, and tooth surface loss. As there is considerable overlap in the application of the various restorative techniques, the chapter is divided into two parts. The first outlines the clinical steps involved in the various procedures, while the second covers the more general principles of management of particular dental problems. It is not the remit of this chapter to cover advanced restorative dentistry in detail, but many of the techniques and indications used in children are the same as those for adults (Boxes 11.1 and 11.2). With the aid of some clinical examples, eight of the restorative procedures will be described in simple stages. Omitted from this list are the stages involved in the provision of full crown restorations and bridgework, which are the specific remit of a restorative dentistry textbook. However, the provision of porcelain veneers, more commonly associated with adult patients, will be mentioned briefly. This technique involves the daily placement of carbamide peroxide gel into a custom-fitted tray on either the upper or the lower arch. As the name suggests, it is carried out by the patient at home and is initially done on a daily basis. • Mild fluorosis. • Moderate fluorosis as an adjunct to hydrochloric acid–pumice micro-abrasion. • Yellowing of ageing. • Single teeth with sclerosed pulp chambers and canals. • Selective bleaching for aesthetic purposes. • Upper impression and working model. • Soft mouthguard—avoiding the gingival tissues. • 10% carbamide peroxide gel. 1. Take an alginate impression of the arch to be treated and cast a working model in stone. 2. Relieve the labial surfaces of the teeth by about 0.5mm and make an acrylic pull-down vacuum-formed splint as a mouthguard with or without reservoirs for bleaching agent on the teeth requiring lightening. The splint should be no more than 2mm thick and should not cover the gingival tissues. It is only a vehicle for the bleaching gel and is not intended to protect the gingivae.
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Schäfer, Dagmar. "Technology and innovation in global history and in the history of the global." In Writing the History of the Global. British Academy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265321.003.0010.

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The Chinese of the Ming/Qing dynasties took a distinctive approach to technology and innovation. The Chinese assigned a place and function to technologies and their products in statecraft, public life, and scholarly achievements. Ming connoisseurs valued craftsmanship, and porcelain and silk were used to negotiate political control and economic interests. But free markets emerged for these products of craftsmanship. This chapter charts how products were marketed, and how original designs and techniques were claimed and marked by their craftsmen.
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Ilyina, V. P. "Evaluation of Dielectric Properties from the Cakes of Feldspathic Raw Material for Electrical Porcelain Production." In Sintering of Ceramics - New Emerging Techniques. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/32755.

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Conference papers on the topic "Porcelain Technique"

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Carneiro De Carvalho, Vânia. "Decoration and Nostalgia - Historical Study on Visual Matrices and Forms of Diffusion of Fêtes Galantes in the 20th Century." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001365.

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In São Paulo/Brazil, between the years 1950 and 1980, porcelain sculptures representing courtesy scenes were fashionable in wealthy and middle-class homes. Several Brazilian factories started to produce such images and many others were imported, the most of them from Germany. These representations were inspired by the fêtes gallants, a rococo style genre from the 18th century. Factories like Meissen, Limoges and Capodimonte produced thousands of copies which circulated in Western Europe and the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, from French institutional policies, the fêtes galantes were revalued along with the recovery of the rococo. This political and cultural movement resulted not only in domestic interiors decorated with authentic pieces from the 18th century gathered together by collectors, but also in the production of new objects. Following decorative practices, studies anachronistically reclassified 18th artisans as artists, constructing their biographies, circumscribing their peculiarities, and identifying their works. Many pieces from the privates collections ended in museums. The porcelain aristocratic figures won the world and are produced until today. It was at the end of the 19th century, in the region of Thuringia, that the technique of lace porcelain emerged. Produced by women in a male-dominated environment, the technique involved the use of cotton fabric soaked with porcelain mass which was then sewed and molded over the porcelain bodies of male and female figures. After that, the piece was placed in the oven at high temperature, burning the fabric and leaving the lace porcelain. It is significant and relevant for the purposes of this research that the lace porcelain technique was never recognized as a object of interest by the academic literature on porcelain. It is likely that the presence of the female labor, the practice of sewing and the use of fabric have been interpreted by the male academic and amateur elite as discredit elements. Added to this, the lace porcelain became very popular in the 20th century. The reinterpretation of rococo in the 20th century was also understood as a lack of artistic inventiveness associated with marketing interests, which resulted in the marginalization of these sculptures. What is proposed here is to study these objects as pieces of domestic decoration practices, recognizing in them capacities to act on the production of social, age and gender distinctions. I intend, therefore, to demonstrate how these small and seemingly insignificant objects were associated with decorative practices of fixing women in the domestic space in Brazil during the 20th century. They acted not alone but in connection with other contemporary phenomena such as post-war fashion, the glamorization of personalities from the American movie and European aristocracy and the rise of Disney movies, which promoted the gallant pair as a romantic idea for children in the western world.
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Anjum, Shaharyar, Shesha Jayaram, Ayman El-Hag, and Ali Naderian. "Radio frequency (RF) technique for field inspection of porcelain insulators." In 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpadm.2015.7295448.

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Liang, K., J. Wang, K. Liu, and L. Wang. "Research of acoustic vibration technique in online defects detection in porcelain post insulator." In 2015 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2015.7157221.

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Lamon, J. "Statistical Analysis of Fracture of Silicon Nitride (RBSN) Using the Short Span Bending Technique." In ASME 1985 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-gt-151.

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The short-span bending technique, pionneered with rod specimens of porcelain for the separation of the respective influences of surface and volume flaw populations upon strength, was applied to reaction bonded silicon nitride, prime candidate for use in advanced gas turbine systems. General approach for the statistical analysis of brittle fracture under tensile multiaxial stress states was extended to square specimens, and used to interpret experimental results. Surface and volume flaw populations appeared to exhibit different characteristics, and thus exert different influences upon the reliability of RBSN. Implications for the interpretation of bending tests and some important trends in the failure strength with specimen size are discussed.
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Klokočovnik, Jure, and Deja Muck. "3D printed lithophane." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p44.

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Lithophane is a transparent plate on which, with the help of the different thickness of this plate, an image is formed. Light that passes through the plate from the back side of the plate shows a clear gray image on the front side of this plate. The strength of the transparency is determined by the material of the plate and the light source coming from behind. Without backlighting, the subject on the lithophane cannot be seen. Lithophanes in the form of porcelain vases were discovered in China long before the technique made its way to Europe. In Europe the origins of lithophanes date back to the early 19th century in France. Europeans perfected the technique and also used it to reproduce famous portraits and paintings. Today, the production of lithophanes is experiencing a renaissance with the advent of 3D printing technologies. In the research paper, the process of making lithophane using 3D printing is presented. First, 3D printing technologies are presented, more specifically the technology of extrusion of materials or thermoplastics modelled by joining layers. Then, the materials used for 3D printing with the mentioned technology are presented. Next, the procedures for 3D acquisition and reproduction of reliefs are described, and at the end, the lithophane itself is presented. In the practical part, the whole process of making lithophane is presented. For the creation of the lithophane model, the 3D modelling program Blender was used, and the lithophanes in physical form were made with the Creality Ender 3 3D printer using PLA filament. Droplet and electrophotographic printers were also used to produce colour lithophanes. The influence of LED and halogen lamps on the final impression of lithophane reproduction was also compared. Lithophanes produced with different print settings and different colour reproductions were compared. The results showed that the best wall thickness is one millimetre, and the layer thickness is the smallest value allowed by the printer. The orientation of the lithophane during printing has a great influence on the final image of the design. The best orientation is upright. Color reproduction is best when using electrophotographic printing in combination with acrylic varnish. Lighting research showed that LED is better than halogen lamps. The finished lithophane was of satisfactory quality and could be used as a decoration for the home or to organize an art exhibition with a large number of coloured lithophanes reproducing various artworks and motifs.
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Birlutiu, Adriana, Adrian Burlacu, Manuella Kadar, and Daniela Onita. "Defect Detection in Porcelain Industry Based on Deep Learning Techniques." In 2017 19th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/synasc.2017.00049.

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Onita, Daniela, Nicolae Vartan, Manuella Kadar, and Adriana Birlutiu. "Quality control in porcelain industry based on computer vision techniques." In 2018 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yef-ece.2018.8368943.

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Iya, Sani Garba Durumin, Mohamad Zaky Noh, Nur Azureen Alwi Kutty, Siti Noraiza Ab Razak, A. R. M. Warikh, Julie Juliewatty Mohamed, and Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor. "Effect of palm oil fuel ash treatment on physico-mechanical properties of porcelain." In MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION USING X-RAYS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089392.

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Singh, P. P., S. Dutta, A. Baral, and S. Chakravorti. "Contamination Level Assessment in Porcelain Disc Insulator using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis." In 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/catcon47128.2019.cn0057.

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Muranova, V. V., and U. K. Sedaya. "RARE AND LOST TECHNIQUES OF PORCELAIN PRODUCTION AND DECORATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COLLECTION OF THE IMPERIAL PORCELAIN FACTORY'S MUSEUM." In Месмахеровские чтения - 2022. Санкт-Петербург: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургская государственная художественно-промышленная академия имени А.Л. Штиглица», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54874/9785604789377_593.

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