Academic literature on the topic 'Populations (access to essential service for)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Populations (access to essential service for)"
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Russell, Grant, Susannah Westbury, Sharon Clifford, Elizabeth Sturgiss, Anna Fragkoudi, Rob Macindoe, Deborah Stuart, Marina Kunin, Jill Walsh, and Cathie Scott. "Improving access for the vulnerable: a mixed-methods feasibility study of a pop-up model of care in south-eastern Melbourne, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 28, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py21188.
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Access to appropriate health and social care is challenging for vulnerable populations. We used a ‘pop-up’ delivery model to bring community-based services in contact with communities with poor access to health and social care. Our aim was to examine whether pop-up events improve access to essential health and social support services for selected vulnerable communities and increase collaboration between community-based health and social services. Set in south-eastern Melbourne, two pop-up events were held, one with people at risk of homelessness attending a community lunch and the other with South Sudanese women helping at-risk youth. Providers represented 20 dental, housing, justice, employment and mental health services. We made structured observations of each event and held semi-structured interviews with consumers and providers. Pre-post surveys of managers assessed acceptability and perceived impact. We reached 100 community participants who had multiple needs, particularly for dentistry. Following the events, participants reported increased knowledge of services and access pathways, community members spoke of increased trust and partnerships between service providers were fostered. The pop-up model can increase provider collaboration and provide new options for vulnerable populations to access needed services. ‘Bringing the service to the person’ is a compelling alternative to asking consumers to negotiate complex access pathways.
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Mark, Ochala, EyaChukwunonso Patrick, Okoronkwo, Patience Nnenna, Okoliko Emmanuel Ojonugwa, and Musa Zakari. "NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE POLICY AND PROGRAMME AND ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICE AMONG FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Economics Finance & Management Science 09, no. 04 (April 7, 2024): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/ijefms-9151.
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The study examined the effect of National Health Insurance on health care service delivery Among Federal Workers in Nigeria. This mixed research design study investigates the relationships between primary and secondary health care service providers and the provision of essential healthcare services to enrollees in Nigeria. The population of the study encompasses federal governamnt workers with primary and secondary health care facilities across various regions in Nigeria. A sample size of 400 enrollees and 50 health care providers was selected using stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected through structured interviews and surveys, focusing on the perceptions and experiences of both health care providers and enrollees regarding the provision of affordable health care, testing and diagnostic services, and referral services. The collected data were analyzed usingboth qualitative and quantitative methods, including thematic analysis and correlation analysis. The findings reveal significant relationships between primary health care service providers and the provision of affordable health care and testing and diagnostic services to enrollees in Nigeria. Moreover, the study identifies a significant relationship between secondary health care service providers and the provision of referral services to enrollees, highlighting the importance of collaboration between primary and secondary healthcare sectors to ensure comprehensive healthcare delivery in Nigeria. These results underscore the need for policy interventions and resource allocation strategies aimed at strengthening primary and secondary healthcare systems to improve access to essential healthcare services for all enrollees in Nigeria. The study recommends that Federal Government through the NHIA shouldimplement policies that aim to increase the affordability of healthcare services for all citizens, especially those in lower socioeconomic strata. This may involve subsidizing healthcare costs, expanding insurance coverage, or introducing targeted assistance programs for vulnerable populations. Additionally, encourage healthcare providers to offer transparent pricing structures and explore innovative payment models, such as sliding-scale fees or income-based discounts, to improve access for individuals with varying financial capacities.
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Cuadrado, Cristóbal, Francisca Vidal, Jorge Pacheco, and Sandra Flores-Alvarado. "Cancer Care Access in Chile’s Vulnerable Populations During the COVID-19 Pandemic." American Journal of Public Health 112, S6 (August 2022): S591—S601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306587.
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Objectives. To examine the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on cancer care access in Chile, analyzing differential effects by insurance type, gender, and age. Methods. We conducted a quasi-experimental study using interrupted time series analysis. We used multiple data sources for a broad evaluation of cancer-related health care utilization from January 2017 to December 2020. We fit negative binomial models by population groups for a range of services and diagnoses. Results. A sharp drop in oncology health care utilization in March was followed by a slow, incomplete recovery over 2020. Cumulative cancer-related services, diagnostic confirmations, and sick leaves were reduced by one third in 2020; the decrease was more pronounced among women and the publicly insured. Early diagnosis was missed in 5132 persons with 4 common cancers. Conclusions. The pandemic stressed the Chilean health system, decreasing access to essential services, with a profound impact on cancer care. Oncology service reductions preceded large-scale lockdowns and supply-side disruptions. Importantly, not all population groups were equally affected, with patterns suggesting that gender and socioeconomic inequalities were exacerbated. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S6):S591–S601. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306587 )
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Shafiq, Mudassar, Hudyeron Rocha, António Couto, and Sara Ferreira. "A Clustering Approach for Analyzing Access to Public Transportation and Destinations." Sustainability 16, no. 16 (August 13, 2024): 6944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16166944.
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Promoting sustainable and equitable public transportation services is essential for addressing disparities and preventing social exclusion among diverse population groups for daily activities. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach to assess transport disadvantages and identify areas with limited access to public transport and services. By combining statistical and geographic techniques, we analyze demographic, socioeconomic, and travel data to spatially contextualize areas based on the social structure and understand the characteristics of population groups facing transportation challenges in the Porto Metropolitan Area. Cluster analysis results revealed four distinct clusters with homogeneous characteristics. In contrast, service area analysis assessed the public transport coverage to identify served zones, the population within these zones, and activities reached in the region. Our findings indicate that suburban and rural areas often lack access to public transport stops, aggravated by lower service frequencies, leading to high reliance on private cars for essential activities, such as work and education. Despite the good geographical coverage of rail and bus stops, urban and central–urban areas also suffer from inadequate service frequencies, impacting public transport usage. Improving service quality in high-demand areas could encourage greater public transport utilization and enhance accessibility. Identifying areas facing inequities facilitates targeted policy interventions and prioritized investments to improve accessibility and address mobility needs to access services effectively.
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Koporc, Kimberly M., David R. Hotchkiss, Charles F. Stoecker, Deborah A. McFarland, and Thomas Carton. "Assessing the effects of disease-specific programs on health systems: An analysis of the Bangladesh Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program’s impacts on health service coverage and catastrophic health expenditure." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 11 (November 23, 2021): e0009894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009894.
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This study presents a methodology for using tracer indicators to measure the effects of disease-specific programs on national health systems. The methodology is then used to analyze the effects of Bangladesh’s Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program, a disease-specific program, on the health system. Using difference-in-differences models and secondary data from population-based household surveys, this study compares changes over time in the utilization rates of eight essential health services and incidences of catastrophic health expenditures between individuals and households, respectively, of lymphatic filariasis hyper-endemic districts (treatment districts) and of hypo- and non-endemic districts (control districts). Utilization of all health services increased from year 2000 to year 2014 for the entire population but more so for the population living in treatment districts. However, when the services were analyzed individually, the difference-in-differences between the two populations was insignificant. Disadvantaged populations (i.e., populations that lived in rural areas, belonged to lower wealth quintiles, or did not attend school) were less likely to access essential health services. After five years of program interventions, households in control districts had a lower incidence of catastrophic health expenditures at several thresholds measured using total household expenditures and total non-food expenditures as denominators. Using essential health service coverage rates as outcome measures, the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program cannot be said to have strengthened or weakened the health system. We can also say that there is a positive association between the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program’s interventions and lowered incidence of catastrophic health expenditures.
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Shobichah, Shobichah, and Aurelia Widya Astuti. "Analysis of Social Factors In Improving Access and Utilization of Healthcare Services In the Community." International Journal of Social Health 2, no. 11 (November 27, 2023): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58860/ijsh.v2i11.82.
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Healthcare is an essential aspect of societal well-being, and ensuring equitable access to healthcare services is crucial for achieving better health outcomes and improving the overall quality of life in communities. This study aims to analyze the social factors contributing to improving access and utilization of healthcare services in the community. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data collection is conducted through surveys using structured questionnaires distributed to random samples from relevant community populations. Meanwhile, qualitative data is gathered through in-depth interviews with key informants with experience and knowledge regarding healthcare service access and utilization. The analysis reveals several social factors influencing the enhancement of access and utilization of healthcare services in the community. Social factors such as education level, income level, socioeconomic status, and awareness of the importance of healthcare services play pivotal roles in determining the extent to which individuals and families can access and benefit from available healthcare services. Furthermore, social factors such as stigma towards specific diseases, culture, and traditions, and communication and information patterns within the community also impact healthcare service access and utilization. A comprehensive understanding of these factors will assist in designing appropriate interventions to improve access and utilization of healthcare services in the community. In conclusion, this research identifies critical social factors that contribute to improving access and utilization of healthcare services in the community.
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Yokobori, Yuta, Hiroyuki Kiyohara, Nadila Mulati, Kaung Suu Lwin, Truong Quy Quoc Bao, Myo Nyein Aung, Motoyuki Yuasa, and Masami Fujita. "Roles of Social Protection to Promote Health Service Coverage among Vulnerable People toward Achieving Universal Health Coverage: A Literature Review of International Organizations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 9 (May 8, 2023): 5754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095754.
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A wider range of social protection services, including social insurance and social assistance, are gaining global attention as a key driver of improved health service coverage and financial protection among vulnerable populations. However, only a few studies have investigated the associations between social protection and universal health coverage (UHC). Therefore, we conducted a literature review on relevant international organizations with respect to this topic. We found that many international organizations consider the wide range of social protection services, including social insurance and social assistance, essential for achieving UHC in 2030. In specific health programs, social protection is considered an important service to promote health service access and financial protection, especially among vulnerable populations. However, discussions about social protection for achieving UHC are not given high priority in the World Health Organization. Currently, the coverage of social protection services is low among vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. To address this issue, we employed the metrics recommended by the migrant integration policy index (MIPEX). Based on our findings, a conceptual framework was developed. We expect this framework to lead synergy between social protection and health systems around the globe, resulting in healthy ageing.
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Kirkbride, J. B., and P. B. Jones. "Parity of esteem begins at home: translating empirical psychiatric research into effective public mental health." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 8 (August 9, 2013): 1569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713001992.
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There is increasing recognition that parity of esteem between mental and physical health disorders is essential to improve the course, outcome and quality of life of individuals within different populations. Achieving this parity now underpins the objectives of several nations. Here, we argue that parity of esteem between mental and physical health can only be realized when parity of esteem also exists across mental health disorders, particularly in terms of service commissioning and planning. Using first-episode psychosis and early intervention in psychosis services as a motivating example, we demonstrate how carefully conducted psychiatric epidemiology can be translated to develop precise forecasts of the anticipated incidence of first-episode psychosis in different populations, based on an understanding of underlying local needs and inequalities. Open-access prediction tools such as PsyMaptic will allow commissioners of mental health services to more effectively allocate resources across services, based on empirical evidence and local need, thus reducing inequalities in access to mental health care.
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Malmstrom, P. E., T. Faherty, and P. Wagner. "Essential Nonmedical Perinatal Services for Multiple Birth Families." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 37, no. 2 (April 1988): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004128.
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AbstractParents of multiples suffer unique stresses which can severely impair family health and welfare. Access to information, counseling, and community resources increase parents' abilities to cope, and reduce the risk of child and spousal abuse. Twinline, a social service agency in Califormia, provides a variety of free and low-cost nonmedical perinatal services to meet the needs of a heterogeneous population of over 1,000 multiple birth families and parents expecting multiples in the urban and rural counties of the San Francisco Bay Area.
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Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César, Omaira Suárez Bernal, José Alban Londoño Arias, Luis Eduardo Rodríguez Arenas, Jorge Isaac García-Navarro, Carlos Hernán González Parias, and Jessica Manosalva Sandoval. "Access to Essential Utilities by The Bottom of The Pyramid (BoP) Population in Colombia." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 10 (September 6, 2024): e07149. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n10-014.
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Objective: The article analyzes whether there is an association between the different levels of the BoP and the area of residence with the variables of access to essential utilities in a region of Colombia. Theoretical Framework: The literature review addresses the concepts of access to essential utilities and the BoP Population. Method: The data analyzed comes from 2,394 homes in the Norte de Santander region (Colombia), which were segmented by poverty conditions, resulting in 1,521 in the BoP. To establish the association between variables, the Mann Whitney U test was used; the magnitude of the association has been determined using Cramér's V coefficients. Results and Discussion: Results show that cooking fuel, excreta disposal, and urban waste management services have a high association with the socioeconomic levels at the BoP; while the drinking water service has a moderate association, yielding a Cramer V value of 0.47. Regarding the area of residence, the independence between the variables Access to essential utilities and Area of residence is rejected; that is, they are associated. Little interest was evident on the part of public and private organizations in the essential services sector in serving this market segment, by not including it in their marketing targeting strategies. The finding was also that people from the BoP in Norte de Santander, Colombia, who reside in urban areas, have better access to these services than those in rural areas, confirming the hypotheses raised based on similar studies carried out in regions from Asia. Research Implications: These results leads to recommending that companies in the essential services sector that have the BoP as their target market make a distinction in marketing strategies between the urban and rural markets of the BoP. Originality/Value: The study uses an innovative socioeconomic level classification method that facilitates comparison with other regions by not using income level as the only variable.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Populations (access to essential service for)"
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Chaibou, Oumarou Ali. "Le développement de l'électricité au Niger. Aspects juridiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0015.
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L’énergie électrique évoque la légende grecque du roi Midas qui transformait en « or » tout ce qu’il touchait. Depuis sa création artificielle, l’électricité change en « or » les conditions d’existence de l’humanité en favorisant le progrès, par l’amélioration du confort des populations ou sa promotion et, par la stimulation des activités productives. Dans cette perspective, elle donne accès à la jouissance effective des droits fondamentaux en raison de son incidence sur l’alimentation, l’éducation, la santé, l’eau potable et l’assainissement, au travail, etc. Cette importance justifie le fondement juridique, notamment constitutionnel, que la République du Niger a attribué à son développement. Pour atteindre les objectifs de souveraineté énergétique et d’accès universel à l’énergie, une volonté politique ferme des pouvoirs publics, ainsi que le soutien des partenaires techniques et financiers, sont nécessaires. Cependant, elle requiert autant, sinon davantage, l’expansion de l’électricité, comme forme d’énergie unique. Ce besoin d’expansion concentre la réflexion sur les conditions et moyens ; il éprouve l’exercice des pouvoirs et des droits. Cette thèse africaine pour les africains repose sur une démarche du droit vivant, celle qui réintègre le droit dans son environnement, en mêlant de nombreuses disciplines juridiques (voire non juridiques comme la science économique ou politique). L’auteur soutient que le cadre juridique de l’expansion de l’électricité en tant que condition du développement économique et social est riche, mais néanmoins perfectible. Il souligne deux aspects complémentaires. Il observe d’abord que les responsabilités de souveraineté de l’État sont préservées dans la détermination des options énergétiques et le contrôle du sous-secteur de l’électricité. Il montre ensuite que la République du Niger a fait le choix de promouvoir l’initiative privée qui s’inscrit dans les cadres du service public et de l’autonomie individuelleElectricity evokes the Greek legend of King Midas, who turned everything he touched into “gold”. Since its artificial creation, electricity has been turning the conditions of human existence to “gold”, by fostering progress through people's comfort or its promotion improving, and through productive activities boosting. From this point of view, it gives access to the effective enjoyment of fundamental rights, because of its impact on food, education, health, drinking water and sanitation, work, etc. This importance justifies the legal basis, especially constitutional, that the Republic of Niger has given to its development. To achieve the objectives of energy sovereignty and universal access to energy, a firm political will on the part of public authorities, and the support of technical and financial partners, are required. However, it requires just as much, if not more, expansion of electricity as a single form of energy. This need for expansion focuses thought on conditions and means; it tests the exercise of powers and rights. This African thesis for Africans is based on a living law approach, one that reintegrates law into its environment, blending numerous legal disciplines (and even non-legal disciplines such as economics and politics). The author argues that the legal framework for the expansion of electricity as a condition for economic and social development is rich, but nevertheless perfectible. He highlights two complementary aspects. Firstly, he observes that the State's sovereign responsibilities are preserved in determining energy options and controlling the electricity sub-sector. Secondly, he shows that the Republic of Niger has chosen to promote private initiative within the framework of public service and individual autonomy
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Gremmel, Jeanne. "L'invention de l'eau social : trajectoire du problème de l'accès à l'eau en France (1984-2016)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB014/document.
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La thèse analyse la trajectoire du problème de l’accès à l’eau en France, sur trois décennies. Dans un contexte de « nouvelle pauvreté », on constate le passage progressif d’une logique d’action publique fondée sur l’assistance discrétionnaire à une logique de solidarité basée sur des droits sociaux. On retrouve ce glissement tant dans le domaine du logement, de l’énergie, que de l’eau. Pour l’eau, se dessine une trajectoire qui nous conduit du « social de l’eau » à « l’eau sociale ». Le social de l’eau est basé sur : l’affirmation d’un droit à l’aide ;l’externalisation de la gestion de cette aide ; le rôle de contributeur des services pour cette gestion ; une approche curative des problèmes. En regard, le modèle de l’eau sociale se fonde sur : l’internalisation de la question sociale dans des services d’eau, jouant désormais un rôle plus actif ; l’instauration d’un droit à l’eau ; l’émergence d’une approche préventive des problèmesThis doctoral thesis analyses the trajectory of the problem of access to water for low-income customers in France over the last three decades. In a context of “new poverty”, we observe a gradual evolution from logics of public action based on discretionary assistance to logics of solidarity based on social rights. This evolution can be observed in different fields including housing, energy and water. In the case of water, we uncover a trajectory leading from “welfare of water” to“social water”. The welfare of water is based on: the assertion of a right to receive help, the externalization of the right to this help, the contribution of utilities to its management and funding, and a curative approach to problems. However, “social water” is based on: the internalization of the social issue in water utilities - which play from now on a more active role - , the instauration of a right to water, and the emergence of a preventive approach to problems
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(9733472), Terri Sue Krause. "STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS OF THE VIABILITY OF A FULLY REMOTE APPRENTICESHIP DELIVERY SYSTEM PRE-COVID-19 WITH UPDATES MID-PANDEMIC—A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATORY STUDY." Thesis, 2020.
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This study explores the perceptions of critical stakeholders as to the viability of a fully remote apprenticeship delivery system (FRADS), as well as its ability to serve as a functionally equivalent path of inclusion for access-limited populations. One of the first recorded pedagogical models, apprenticeship was also one of the first to be regulated. The effectiveness of the method of training a novice to enter the adult world of work through apprenticeship is undisputed, when it is conducted in a manner approximate to that from which it derived: a process that occurs over time, with continuous interaction between novice and expert. Despite millennia of practice, and a few emerging programs called Virtual Apprenticeships, the critical real-time skills-based mentoring component (on the job instruction/training, or OJI/OJT) of the modern apprenticeship is still only carried out fully in face-to-face programs. With the move to work-from-home (WFH) resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, assessing the viability of a FRADS is timely. This qualitative exploratory study is a first step in the discussion. Bounded by the parameters of the U.S. Certified Apprenticeship Guidelines for Registered Apprenticeships and the constructs of viability and functional equivalence, participants of three critical stakeholder groups—policy makers, service managers, and front-line service workers—offer their pre-pandemic perceptions of the construct of a FRADS. Guided by the work of Jahoda, et al., (1957), Northrop (1949,1959), and Swedberg (2018), this qualitative exploratory methodology identified perceptual data points that are then compared against a framework of viability derived from IEG’s Service Delivery Evaluation Framework (Caceres, et al., 2016). And, because this represents a large systems change (LSC), I included aspects of Weiner’s (2009) Organizational Readiness for Change—valance and efficacy—as additional indicators of potential viability. Stakeholders examined key components of IEG’s evaluative criteria applied to a face-to-face apprenticeship as a functionally equivalent, technology-mediated apprenticeship delivery system. Additional stakeholder perceptions, mid-pandemic, along with a review of scholarly articles, media reports, and Department of Labor statistics concerning the impact of the WFH mandates foreground the gap a purposeful FRADS might fill. Analysis of some of the findings are represented in a preliminary process map.
Books on the topic "Populations (access to essential service for)"
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West Virginia. Office of Rural Health Policy. The impact of the essential access community hospital/rural primary care hospital (EACH/RPCH) program on emergency medical services in the State of West Virginia. Charleston, W.Va. (1411 Virginia St., E., Charleston 25301-3103): The Office, 1996.
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Wright, George. Limited-service hospital pioneers: Challenges and successes of the essential access community hospital/rural primary care hospital (EACH-RPCH) program and medical assistance facility (MAF) demonstration. Washington, D.C: Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., 1995.
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Senate, United States Congress. A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act and the Social Security Act to provide improved and exppanded access to comprehensive health care and related services for medically underserved and vulnerable populations through the provision of financial support for the development of community-based health networks and plans ...: Short title.- This act may be cited as the "Access to community health care act of 1994". [Washington D.C.?]: [publisher not identified], 1994.
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Senate, United States Congress. A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act and the Social Security Act to provide improved and expanded access to comprehensive primary health care and related services for medically underserved and vulnerable populations through the provision of financial support for the development of community-based health networks and plans, to permit federally-assisted health centers to expand their capacity and develop and operate new sites to serve underserved and vulnerable populations, to proivde certain financial and other protections for such networks, plans, and health centers, and to facilitate the involvement of, and payment to, entities serving underserved and vulnerable populations in the training and education of primary care health professionals, and for other purposes. [Washington, D.C.?]: [United States Government Printing Office], 1994.
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Glare, Paul, Christian T. Sinclair, Patrick Stone, and Josephine M. Clayton. Predicting survival in patients with advanced disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0007.
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Worldwide there are over 50 million deaths per year. In considering the goal of fostering optimal care towards the end of life for these individuals, high-quality population-based data about disease and symptom occurrence as well as health-care needs are essential. Such data are important so that informed planning can underpin policy, service development, and patient care. This chapter discusses epidemiology as it relates to the ‘human experience’ towards the end of life with an emphasis on diseases, symptoms, psychosocial experiences, and access to health services. Some of the methods by which such data are collated in various parts of the world are described. The dramatic variability in experiences towards the end of life across regions and nations is also highlighted. Examples of where information is available that may inform planning for populations are discussed, as are areas where data may be helpful or needed but lacking.
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Expanding Equitable Access to Health Services: Recommendations for Transforming Health Systems toward Universal Health. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275124260.
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The Region of the Americas has made considerable progress in improving the health of its population, but it remains one of the most inequitable regions in the world. The challenges are enormous and varied: millions of people lack access to comprehensive health services, health systems provide fragmented care, and there are major disparities in human resources for health. In response to these challenges, PAHO adopted the Strategy for Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage in 2014, recognizing the need to transform or strengthen health systems and services to combat health inequities and secure health and well-being for all people in the Region. This report addresses the basic aspects of implementing the Strategy, offering Member States a series of practical recommendations to help them plan and implement changes that will lead to the strengthening of their health services. It reviews the practical recommendations related to the first strategic line of the Strategy and the three interrelated lines of action. It also explains how to select the services and benefits that should be prioritized as part of the progressive expansion of health services to communities. Finally, it considers issues related to stewardship and the management of transformative change. Understanding how to address change and stimulate investment in health, well-being, and development is essential to achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage.
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Muir, Peter, John Cannings, María Inés Piaggio, and Tom Brodie. Creativity, Activity, Service for the IB Diploma Coursebook with Digital Access: An Essential Guide for Students. Cambridge University Press, 2022.
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Information management: Immigration and Naturalization Service lacks ready access to essential data : report to the Attorney General. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1990.
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Schriver, Joe M. Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Shifting Paradigms in Essential Knowledge for Social Work, -- Enhanced Pearson EText -- Access Card. Pearson Education Canada, 2018.
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Tsang, Steven Y. Intelligence and Human Rights in the Era of Global Terrorism. Praeger, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400670954.
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Facing the threats posed by dedicated suicide bombers who have access to modern technology for mass destruction and who intend to cause maximum human suffering and casualties, democratic governments have hard choices to make. On the one hand, they must uphold the basic values of democratic societies based on due process and human rights. On the other, they need to pre-empt the kind of destruction inflicted upon New York, Madrid, London, and Bali. The premise of this book is that for intelligence organizations to be able to face up to the challenges of global terrorism, they must think outside the box and utilize all of their resources effectively and creatively. To overcome the enemy, we must also secure the peace. Winning the hearts and minds of the terrorists' pool of potential recruits will be essential to cutting off the supply of suicide bombers. The support and cooperation of the people in countries where the terrorists strike must be sustained by ensuring they have confidence in the government and intelligence services. If a government and its intelligence services become so focused on pre-empting terrorist attacks that they infringe on the rights of their citizens and encroach on democratic norms, they unwittingly fall into a trap set by Al Qaeda and its kind. These organizations aim to destroy the democratic way of life so cherished in the West, and to incite the Muslim populations in democratic countries and their non-Muslim fellow citizens into a vicious circle of mutual hatred and violence. This book therefore addresses not only the question of how intelligence organizations can improve their efficacy in pre-empting terrorist outrages, but also the wider issue of removing the forces that sustain global terrorism as a scourge of the 21st century. The general public in the target countries and recruiting grounds must also be persuaded that—despite their rhetoric—the terrorists are not engaged in a holy war. Ultimately, the brand of global terrorism promoted by Osama bin Laden and his associates is meant to satisfy their own vanity and aspirations toward semi-divine status; the organization they have formed for this purpose is merely a global syndicate that commits serious crimes of a particularly heinous nature. Intelligence services of various countries need to find convincing evidence to prove this point. But it is up to governments, civil society, and the media in different parts of the world to work together if the evidence unearthed by national intelligence services is to be accepted by the general public. Unless the emotional or quasi-religious appeal of the global terrorists can be removed, the simple arrest of bin Laden and his close associates—or even the destruction of Al Qaeda as an organization—will not be sufficient to prevent others from rising to replace them.
Book chapters on the topic "Populations (access to essential service for)"
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Kienzle, Josef, Brian Sims, and Weldone Mutai. "Sustainable agricultural mechanization and commercialization for widespread adoption of conservation agriculture systems in Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 382–401. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0024.
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Abstract To confront the situations of climate crisis, natural resource degradation and rising populations, farmers need access to modern sustainable agricultural technologies, especially Conservation Agriculture (CA) and sustainable agricultural mechanization (SAM). Without such access, the UN's SDGs will not be met in their entirety. The implications of mechanizing CA are discussed for both smallholder and larger-scale farmers. Constraints, issues and options are reviewed and the need for commercial, private sector, CA mechanization service provision for smallholders is identified. The Framework for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization for Africa (SAMA) is a key pillar for achieving Aspiration 1 (a prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth and sustainable development) of the African Union's (AU) Agenda 2063; and SDG 2 (ending hunger and achieving food security). The move towards commercialization of smallholder agriculture in Africa is seen as an inevitable reality in the medium term. It is also a necessary prerequisite for the adoption of SAM, which is being actively promoted in Africa, both at the level of the AU and by national governments, research centres, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private-sector agricultural machinery companies. The policy dimensions of promoting SAM are discussed from the public and private-sector perspectives. A forward look identifies novel business models for sustainable mechanization services, an increasing application of information technology (IT) and the (longer term) potential for drones and robotics. The conclusion is that CA and SAM are essential ways forward to answer Africa's needs for sustainable food production while engaging young entrepreneurs in the provision of mechanization services using IT, digital tools and precision equipment.
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Gunarathna, Ishari, and Priyadarshani Premarathne. "Sensitisation of Disaster Relief Operations Towards Persons with Disabilities." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 51–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3234-0_4.
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AbstractPersons with disabilities (PWDs) often face societal exclusion, particularly during disasters when communities become more vulnerable and reliant on external assistance. PWDs, who are already at higher risk, experience heightened challenges. They usually rely on caregivers, such as family, neighbours, or government support, for daily assistance. However, even these support networks become vulnerable when disasters strike, increasing dependence on government and external relief. During times of disasters, the process of evacuating individuals to relief camps establishes reciprocal relationships between PWDs and relief providers. In the realm of disaster management, Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) go beyond being passive recipients; they actively contribute to rescue missions alongside their families. Particularly in Sri Lanka, where advanced tools for those with mobility impairments are scarce, PWDs take on a hands-on role. They guide support providers lacking specific rescue training, offering instructions on how to assist and meet their support expectations. This active participation exemplifies what we term ‘reciprocal relationships between PWDs and relief providers.’ This mutual support is of paramount importance since the entire population is deemed at risk, and collaborative efforts significantly boost the efficiency of evacuation endeavours and the provision of support services. However, it is essential to acknowledge the distinctive vulnerabilities and interdependencies present within the disability community. This recognition emphasises the critical necessity for inclusive disaster preparedness measures. While prior studies have addressed the vulnerabilities of PWDs during and after disasters, a critical knowledge gap exists in understanding these issues in Sri Lanka. This chapter investigates the challenges of PWDs during and after disasters, explores the difficulties of service providers in assisting PWDs, and emphasises the need for inclusive disaster preparedness, highlighting the significance and role of social workers in emergencies in Sri Lanka. The study utilised a qualitative research design, conducting twenty in-depth interviews in two disaster-prone districts in Sri Lanka, Kandy, and Kegalle. The findings reveal that PWDs face a range of challenges, such as limited access to information, inaccessible shelters, transportation barriers, loss of assistive devices, and insufficient healthcare access. The Framework for Integrating Rights and Equality (FIRE) offers crucial recommendations to comprehensively address these issues. Service providers, confronted with resource constraints, accessibility problems, communication barriers, inadequate training, low trust levels, and policy gaps, must integrate these principles for improved disaster preparedness and response. This involves prioritising resource allocation, enhancing accessibility, improving communication, investing in training, fostering trust, and addressing policy gaps, aiming to create a more inclusive and resilient system that better serves the needs of PWDs during emergencies and identifies the importance and role of social workers in emergencies in Sri Lanka.
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Cheong, Io Hong, Ju-Fang Huang, Si Man Lei, and Hui Wang. "Digital Healthcare: Population-Level Applications." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 177–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62332-5_17.
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AbstractDigital technologies are now an essential part of daily life, and they have provided many solutions that were not possible before. According to the United Nations, the world population is now three times greater than in the mid-twentieth century. Equally public health demands have increased with different concerns and priorities at different points in time, for example, the use of vaccines to control major life-threatening diseases such smallpox and polio to molecular diagnostics for targeted therapies in cancers. Despite these advances, enabling access to these services remains very challenging. The emergence of digital technologies has made these services more accessible than before but has also introduced new complications to the system such as increasing demands on the operations of the system. In this chapter, we will discuss the latest developments in digital healthcare applications to ease population-wide public health challenges.
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Judith, L. Howe, L. Griffith Jennifer, W. Hung William, and B. Josea Kramer. "Improving Access to Geriatrics Care for Rural Veterans." In Later-Life Social Support and Service Provision in Diverse and Vulnerable Populations, 155–72. New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315222950-10.
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Shan, Jingjing, Yanan Geng, Jin Fu, and Binglei Yu. "Public Service Provision in China: Towards a More Equal Access System." In The Urban Book Series, 153–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74544-8_9.
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AbstractThechallengefacingurban policymakersis how to tackle the long-standing differences in social welfareand basic public services provision for migrant and incumbent workers arising from the dual-household registration system. In this chapter, we quantify inequalities in access to basic public services between migrant workers and the local urban population across different regions of China. We consider both inequalities within urban areas, and inequalities that exist between urban and rural areas. For urban areas, we find large inequalities in access to basic public services between the indigenous urban population and migrant workers. There are also significant differences between urban and rural areas. The level of basic public services in the West of China lags behind other regions. Across China as a whole, the gap within regions is greater than the gap between regions. Internal variations within a region arise mainly from inequality in access to basic public services between urban and rural populations and across urban neighbourhoods. Chinese public services are characterised by ‘dualisation’ in urban–rural provision and ‘fragmentation’ across regions in terms of the level and quality of service. These two features constitute a formidable obstacle for the ‘citizenisation’ of migrant workers. We provide detailed examples from across China of countermeasures and strategies currently being implemented to reduce inequalities in public service provision.
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Roos, Vera. "Older South Africans’ Access to Service Delivery through Technology: A Process Overview." In Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 55–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_3.
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AbstractThis chapter introduces a process designed to support older individuals’ inclusion in technology and access to information. This process informed the development and dissemination of our technology artefact for providing information about local services to older South Africans. But essential baseline data of their cell phone use was lacking. In 2014, for the first self-funded study iGNiTe: Older Individuals’ Cell Phone Use and Intra/Intergenerational Networks, a questionnaire and qualitative interview questions were developed. Student fieldworkers were trained to obtain information and facilitate older individuals’ engagement with technology. Older participants (n = 128) completed the questionnaire, and qualitative data came from 52 participants. In 2017, we obtained funding and launched a second, broader project we-DELIVER: Holistic service delivery to older people by local government through ICTs―with its own logical framework. Older participants across research settings responded to a revised questionnaire (n = 302) and provided qualitative data, and student fieldworkers (n = 160) reflected on their interactions with the participants. The findings from both data-collection initiatives informed the development of the Yabelana (‘sharing of information’) ICT ecosystem (website, app and Unstructured supplementary service data code [USSD]), which was disseminated to older participants and stakeholders in a workshop and policy brief.
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Cwik, Mary F., Teresa Brockie, Sarah M. Edwards, Holly C. Wilcox, and John V. Campo. "Suicide Prevention for American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: Lessons Learned and Implications for Underserved Communities." In SpringerBriefs in Psychology, 145–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06127-1_16.
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AbstractThis chapter synthesizes data on health disparities in suicide rates and lack of service access and discusses current gaps in research, training, and program implementation for underserved populations. We highlight emerging best practices in underserved communities that are innovative and low cost (e.g., frugal interventions) and discuss their implications for the suicide prevention field. Themes covered include the urgency of utilizing a community-based framework, the importance of early identification and upstream approaches to drive down suicide rates, the value of a comprehensive/holistic approach that is strengths-based and includes culture/spirituality, and the critical role of innovative service delivery models.
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Traoré, Ousmane Z., and Djénéba Diarra. "Mali." In EADI Global Development Series, 95–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58588-3_5.
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AbstractThe chapter documents the Malian government’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic and examines inclusiveness and the consideration of social inequalities. Specifically, it aims to assess the socioeconomic impact of the preventive and social protection measures on vulnerable households. Based on an analysis of national survey data from the National Institute of Statistics of Mali and World Bank, qualitative interviews, and secondary literature, we find that the government committed to curbing the spread of the virus, which had multiple effects on different population segments and economic sectors. As a result, the government put in place several socioeconomic support measures to enable affected sectors and vulnerable households to overcome the adverse effects of the pandemic and its subsequent preventive measures. However, we note that although the poor, female-headed households and rural households were the most affected in terms of loss of employment and income, and the lack of access to essential services such as drinking water, health care, and food, these vulnerable households have benefited the least from the assistance provided by government and NGOs, with a resulting exacerbation of already significant levels of inequality in Mali. According to key informants (KI), the imbalances in access to support measures were due to non-consultation of social groups and information asymmetry, which leads to poor targeting. We recommend strengthening institutions that collect data and implement social protection programmes and institutional collaboration in pandemic management.
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F.H. Al Jazairi, Abdulnasir, and Guillaume Alinier. "Access to Emergency Health Care." In Healthcare Access [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98574.
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Access to emergency services is essential for the health and well-being of people. The World Health Organization (WHO) made it a human right for everybody to have access to emergency care and it is an ethical obligation for governments to provide this service for the whole population. In recent years, the overcrowding in emergency departments has become a prominent issue that needs proper solutions. There have been several attempts resolving this ongoing issue. One of those is the patients’ distribution according to the severity level of their chief complaint, since more than half of the urgent cases are of low acuity and can be managed in less equipped facilities. Primary healthcare centers are perfectly suited to look after a significant proportion of cases for many reasons such as their scope of service, their wider geographical distribution, and are a more cost-effective resource for such cases than the use of higher acuity facilities. In Qatar, we have been implementing such model of patient distribution to release the burden on emergency departments since 1999. In this chapter we are proposing a full protocol to distribute emergency patients involving the ambulance service, primary healthcare centers, and emergency departments. Cooperation of all these services with the help of higher authorities and media is expected to show great improvements in patient care and better crowd control in emergency departments.
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Abdulai, Abdul-Fatawu, Efrat Czerniak, Cam Duong, Aashay Mehta, Rachel Chiu, Eleni Stroulia, and Wendy V. Norman. "Intersectionality in Developing a Virtual Community of Practice Platform on Abortion." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti240176.
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Abortion is an essential healthcare service in many countries including Canada. The number of people who seek abortion is disproportionately higher among equity-deserving populations. Yet the knowledge needed to provide evidence-based, culturally safe, and gender-affirming abortion services remain limited among healthcare professionals. Using an intersectional lens, we conducted focus group discussions with 14 healthcare professionals to understand how an abortion web-based platform, which is currently under development, can be adapted to meet the needs of equity deserving populations. The findings revealed the need for multi-lingual resources on abortion, information on funding coverage for undocumented migrants, educational resources on Indigenous cultural safety and gender-affirming practices, and a mapping tool to locate providers or pharmacists. Beyond presenting clinical guidelines on web platforms, this study revealed important considerations for the design of web platforms that can help advance access to abortion for equity-deserving populations.
Conference papers on the topic "Populations (access to essential service for)"
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Gilliland, Gary. "Architectural Enablement for Time Sensitive Communications." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–6. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1062.
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Deos includes an industry standard lightweight TCP/IP stack (LwIP) with a DAL-A sockets library so it can provide data transport during in flight or on ground as part of its standard package. While it may have high data integrity (e.g., through CRC or other such mechanisms), TCP/IP over Ethernet is a non-deterministic protocol. As such, it is not suitable for avionics applications that require determinism or high robustness. In contrast, there are several are several redundant and deterministic data network technologies such as ARINC-664/AFDX, time triggered ethernet (TTE), and time sensitive networking (TSN). These interfaces are based on switched Ethernet technologies and can include system redundancy such that they are applicable for aircraft data network applications. Their feature set enables them to be used as a digital backbone for aircraft control and other applications where both integrity and availability are essential. Each of these solutions generally requires specific end point hardware to implement the protocols in firmware in order to meet the required communication timing and throughput. The implementation of the software device drivers for these technologies on Deos can leverage Deos' I/O Infrastructure (IOI) data distribution service for data decoupling. IOI is a DO-178 DAL-A module that can distribute data based on XML configuration files that specify the data paths, access control and optionally data formatting. It implements an inter-partition communications data interface between avionics applications including ARINC-653 partitions using the ARINC-653 APEX API sampling/queueing ports. Together, these features allow developers to readily adapt to changes in communication structures all through XML configuration files, versus recompiling which would impact the verification evidence of the module. This paper will talk about the different networking standards and how the use of Deos' IOI provides a way for the system to easily adapt to different network configurations without causing the driver library or end application(s) to be modified and thereby minimize change impact for reuse/reverification.
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Vuksanović-Macura, Zlata, and Sónia Alves. "COMPARING HOUSING POLICIES FOR ROMA COMMUNITIES IN SERBIA AND PORTUGAL." In Book of Abstracts and Contributed Papers, 69. Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/csge5.43zvm.
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Comparisons are needed to assess the successes and failures of today’s public policies, as well as to promote policy learning. This is particularly important in the case of policies for low-income and disadvantaged groups such as the Roma, Europe’s largest ethnic minority, whose housing conditions starkly contrast with those of the general population wherever they reside. Roma families often live in precarious housing in segregated neighborhoods, and face significant obstacles to accessing essential services. The European Union (EU) Roma strategic framework for equality, inclusion, and participation sets common (horizontal and sectorial) objectives and headline targets to monitor the achievement of these objectives. Within the four sectorial objectives, one objective is to increase the Roma’s access to adequate desegregated housing and essential services, and address segregated settlements, closing the gap with other populations. This is to be done by reducing housing deprivation, cutting overcrowding, and ensuring access to tap water. Correspondingly, the Western Balkan countries endorsed the Roma integration declaration, committing, by the time of their accession, to tangible progress in education, employment, health, housing, civil registration and non-discrimination. This comparative study investigates the approaches of two European countries: Serbia (an EU candidate) and Portugal (an EU member) in relation to the Roma’s access to adequate housing and essential services. To do so we use the so-called integrated EU strategic framework on Roma equality, inclusion and participation to compare the range of housing programmes that have been formulated across different local settings, trying to assess whether they follow the EU recommendation for Roma inclusion. The research consists of analysis of relevant academic literature, key communication journals and reports. The study will draw out the implications of its findings for urban politics and housing policy.
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Camacho, Lea, Eliana Penedos-Santiago, and Elga Ferreira. "Health and Design at Service of a Refugee Camp in Iraq." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001412.
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This project emerges from the need to counteract a scenario of risk and unpredictability in the care provided to patients in illness situations, which stems from a poor or non-existent health record system (HRS). The direct contact in the year of 2017 with an emergency medical Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), working in context of humanitarian crises, demonstrated the precarious and yet scarce presence of such a system. The lack of practicality, easy understanding and access to other health partners proved to compromise the quality of care.Since a functional HRS (via paper or electronic means) is a core component for the management, delivery, and safety of quality in healthcare, the identification of a simple and yet effective system, capable of maintaining a history of care provided, is imperative. This need increases exponentially when the focus is on a humanitarian crisis context, in which populations have been forced into displacement and the health system is disrupted, of which the Internal Displaced Persons in Iraq are an example (commonly referred as refugees). The constraint of resources and the clash of different cultures and experiences between professionals, can hinder or even compromise the provision and quality of care, as well as the experience and perception of patients themselves regarding the services provided.With this study I propose the mapping of a HRS within an emergency medical field hospital, in a refugee camp in Iraq, to ensure the quality of emergency management and delivery of care, in a scenario of instability and political uncertainty. This system, which functions as a systematically collected database, presents specific health characteristics of a given patient when receiving differentiated care essential to guarantee high standards of care.A service design methodology to test the hypothesis will be used through a service blueprint development, capable of mapping the activities, processes and systems involved in a patient's health experience. Design research methods such as service safari and user shadowing with informal ethnographic interviews will be implemented, as well as workshops with national and international health professionals involved with NGO work.Thus, it is expected to re-design a robust monitoring and patient track, with faster access of the patient’s history to health professionals, a better prevention of medication errors and duplication, and a greater transparency in the management and delivery of care. The easy implementation of the system will also allow an easier communication of patient’s needs and care, between different health stakeholders.
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Chernenko, Ilia. "Regional Determinants of Lifelong Learning in Russia: the Impact of Infrastructure Quality, Crime Level and Cultural Development on the Human Capital Strategies of the Employed." In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.6.
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Lifelong learning (LLL) is a crucial strategy for the development of human capital, particularly in the face of challenges such as an aging population, a significant decrease in birth rates, and the outflow of qualified personnel, which pose a threat to the national labor market. The objective of this article is to examine the factors that influence LLL and assess the specific impact of regional variables that reflect infrastructure quality, access to social services, cultural development, and crime rates. This study utilizes data from a Rosstat survey on the well-being of the population, which was conducted in all Russian regions in 2022. Research methods include exploratory factor analysis, regression analysis of the Mincer equation with regional variables, and the estimation of logistic regression coefficients. The dependent variable in this analysis is a binary variable indicating participation in LLL. The findings reveal that LLL has a significantly positive effect on the income of the employed population. The likelihood of participating in LLL is influenced by the level of social engagement, various individual characteristics of respondents, as well as a range of regional factors. Limited access to essential social services and inadequate infrastructure have a negative impact on the likelihood of LLL participation, while the level of cultural development does not show statistically significant effects. The estimated results are consistent across all regions. Furthermore, the perceived level of crime also positively correlates with the likelihood of LLL participation. This may be attributed to education being perceived as a means of social mobility and enhanced job security. The subjective assessment of crime is relatively high in populations with high education attainment and income levels, which are the primary individual determinants of LLL participation.
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Araújo, Amanda Viana de Araújo e., Anna Clara Silva Fonseca, Ivan Kevin da Silva Garcia, Beatriz Oliveira Amaro, and Wallex da Silva Guimarães. "Telemedicine in focus: Critical analysis of scientific evidence." In III Seven International Medical and Nursing Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/iiicongressmedicalnursing-009.
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Introduction: Globalization and advances in the internet have profoundly transformed social interactions, requiring the creation of new paradigms in communication, including in the field of medicine. In this context, telemedicine has emerged as a crucial tool in the global scenario, characterized by the use of information and communication technologies in the provision of health services, particularly in situations where distance becomes a significant obstacle to adequate care. In this context, the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the need for and adoption of telemedicine, making it an indispensable alternative for patient care, especially in times of mobility restrictions and overloaded health systems. In Brazil, where the territorial extension presents considerable challenges to access to health, telemedicine has proven to be vital to expand coverage and ensure that the most vulnerable populations can receive adequate care. However, for virtual care to be effective, it is essential that health professionals integrate evidence-based medicine into their practices, ensuring that clinical decisions are based on robust data and adapted to the clinical, social, and economic conditions of each patient. In this way, telemedicine can not only facilitate access but also ensure the quality of care provided in an increasingly digital and interconnected scenario. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence related to the application of telemedicine, focusing on understanding its effectiveness, benefits, and challenges in health care, especially in scenarios where distance and accessibility are critical factors. Methodology: The study was characterized as qualitative and exploratory in the format of a literature review. For the systematization process of the searches, publications related to the last five years (2019-2024) were considered, and the following databases were used: Scielo, Pubmed, and BVS, using the descriptors: Telemedicine, Information Technology, Health Care, and Digital Health. Results/Discussion: The searches found a total of 848 pieces of evidence, which after going through the screening and evaluation process of abstract titles, the analysis revealed that 35 were suitable for a thorough reading, which resulted in the selection of eight studies as the main results and that were aligned with the proposed objective. Telemedicine, which emerged in the 1960s, evolved as a practice that integrates doctors and patients remotely. In Brazil, the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM) initially limited its use to interactive methodologies for health care, education, and research. However, in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CFM recognized the importance of telemedicine for the continuity of care, marking a significant advance. Studies highlight its benefits, such as reduced consultation time, greater adherence to treatment, and improvements in patients' quality of life, especially in interventions such as digital psychotherapy and teleconsultation. Although telemedicine has overcome geographical and financial barriers, the need for in-person care remains in cases that require more detailed assessments. Conclusion: It is concluded that technology has a profound impact on life and society, offering both benefits and challenges. Responsible use of technology, based on ethical regulations and equal access, is essential to ensure the maintenance of health care. However, technology alone does not solve all problems. Therefore, human collaboration and the implementation of concrete actions in telemedicine are essential to ensure the provision of effective, comprehensive and humanized health care.
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Oliveira, Mateus Torres de, Sued Henrique de Carvalho Vasques Machado, Danilo Corazza, Iane de Oliveira Pires Porto, and Heliara Maria Spina Canela. "Welcoming the LGBTQIA+ population in health services in a municipality in the northeast of Goiás." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-136.
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A public policy has a fundamental and essential role in mitigating inequalities and reducing social discrepancies, and can contribute to reducing health disparities faced by vulnerable groups, promoting access to adequate care, disease prevention and promotion of well-being. Furthermore, the National LGBTQIA+ Health Policy is a watershed for such policies in Brazil, being a historic milestone in recognizing the demands of this vulnerable population (Carvalho, 2013).
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Firmino, Gilson Gabriel da Silva, and Silvio Yasui. "Street Clinic: Experiences of Community Health Care." In III Seven International Medical and Nursing Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/iiicongressmedicalnursing-032.
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In recent times, the growing phenomenon of the homeless population living in urban centers has become a national problem. The civilizing process, which has the urbanization of cities as a central point in its development, has ended up triggering a profusion of demands for the assistance needs of public policies aimed at this population, especially the right to access health care as a right of all and a duty of the State, as provided for in the Brazilian Constitution. In this regard, the Street Clinic is defined as a health facility of the SUS that offers promotion, prevention and care actions in the street territory for users who live on or from the streets in vulnerable situations, mainly due to the abusive consumption of alcohol and other drugs. Composed of a multidisciplinary team, its mission is to bring health to the homeless population, offering access to care that was previously restricted to traditional health establishments. In line with this proposal, the role of the clinical practice of the professionals at the Street Clinic points to great availability, involvement and openness to the street context, as well as adopting the relational factor generated from clinical encounters as an essential element of human diversity in the field of their actions carried out in the daily work routine. Thus, this study aims to bring to the scene the production of health care on the street by explaining some of the offers of the Street Clinic in Campinas SP crossed by the complexity of the territory, which drives an adaptation of clinical practices and health procedures due to the relationship between service users and the context of survival in the caregiver encounters provided as a guiding thread of this process under the support of SUS health policies. Through some guiding questions, namely: How do we notice the signs that come from the street in the production of care? How do users constitute their ways of living? What effects do we gather from the health care actions produced by the service from the perspective of medical and nursing care? Thus, our objectives are to monitor the production of health care at the Street Clinic using images, field diaries and oral sources from service workers, especially doctors and nurses. The involvement of each actor in this process evokes a collective and creative atmosphere woven into the daily challenges of producing health on the streets. At the same time, we construct the analysis of the effects of medical and nursing care in the health field through clinical practices for complex cases developed by the city's health network. The methodology used is cartography as an intervention research methodology linked to highly complex guide cases as enablers for the analysis of health care networks.The provisional results of this qualitative study point to a change in the conception of health care in the dimension of medical and nursing modalities, both influenced by the effects of clinical encounters carried out in action in the territory, thus triggering the resizing of understanding and praxis within the professional core and the collective construction of health production processes. Another highlight is the feasibility of the exercise of autonomy and inventiveness by the collective of professionals of the Street Clinic. Whether through the elaboration and implementation of clinical conducts, alleviating the harshness and rigidity present in most of the health protocols in force in the treatment of users with chronic morbidities, or even in the expression of the importance of the materiality of work as a foundation for the unconditional defense of the reinvention of life, whether in therapeutic terms, as well as in its community, emancipatory and citizen universe.
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Šokinjov, Stefan. "DENIAL OF ACCESS TO RESOURCES INDISPENSABLE FOR PROVISION OF SERVICES." In International scientific conference challenges and open issues of service law. Vol. 2. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxmajsko2.549s.
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Resources indispensable for provision of services are facilities or infrastructure without access to which undertaking which already reached the minimal level of efficiency to enter the relevant downstream market cannot provide services to their customers. Because alternative resources can not be neither practically nor reasonably duplicated, resources indispensable for provision of services represent an insuperable barrier for entrance to relevant downstream market and in such a way obtain importance of and refer to a known US antitrust law concept of essential facilities. Denial to access to an essential facility is a subset of refusal to deal cases. It means that save cases where legal regulation in liberalised sectors imposes an obligation to provide for access, compulsory access to infrastructure and other resources indispensable for provision of services will be exceptionally enjoined in situations where otherwise a serious detriment to competition would be occurred.
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Kilibarda, Biljana. "Global challenges and opportunities in health promotion." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 58–60. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24022k.
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Introduction Health promotion interventions at the community and population levels are among others, crucial for tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and infectious diseases, enhancing mental health, and addressing the social determinants of health and health equity. As a key aspect of public health, it is not only aimed at developing individual skills and capabilities, but also to improvement of the political, social, environmental, and economic factors of importance for public and individual health. (1) To achieve long-term change, it is of great importance that health promotion is evidence-based, integrated, sustained, and adequately address the wide-ranging challenges. The Shanghai Declaration on Promoting Health in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the need to address health determinants, ensure good governance, improve health literacy, create healthy cities and environments, and foster social mobilization and equity. (2) Addressing the structural determinants of health demands changes in social policies and systems to reduce poverty, improve living and working conditions, ensure equitable access to resources and services, and address societal norms and values to combat discrimination while promoting social justice. Past and Current state of Health Promotion The roles of public health, health education, and health promotion have evolved significantly over time. In the 19th century, improvements in nutrition, and hygiene contributed to better health. The introduction of vaccines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and antibiotics in the 1930s enabled effective control of infectious diseases. Increasing awareness of the effects of risk factors on health underscored the importance of disease prevention in reducing noncommunicable diseases. The 1974 Lalonde Report (3) and the 1986 Ottawa Charter (4) marked the start of a significant era in health promotion, leading to a focus on population health. The health promotion paradigm also changed over time. The preventive paradigm is risk-focused, aiming at preventing health issues within populations and communities. It facilitates early diagnosis and access to reliable health information. On the other hand, the health-promotion paradigm emphasizes societal factors, health determinants, and the empowerment of individuals and communities, advocating for access to rights and equity. As stated in Minsk declaration, a life-course approach, focusing on health across different stages of life stress the importance of a healthy start and individuals' needs throughout their daily lives and during pivotal moments. By targeting the root causes of ill health rather than just the symptoms, it encourages early investments that can deliver significant advantages for both public health and economic outcomes. (5) The changes and challenges that the world is increasingly facing highlight the need for evidence-based health promotion utilizing the best available research, practice, and evaluation data to design, implement, and assess health promotion interventions, ensuring they are effective, efficient, and tailored to population needs. Challenges and Opportunities While advancements in science and living standards have improved longevity and reduced infectious disease rates, challenges such as pandemics, obesity, malnutrition, antimicrobial resistance, and NCDs remain significant. Such challenges remain, among other, due to of unhealthy lifestyles, growing pollution, and a focus on reactive rather than preventive medicine. Health-related behaviors, such as inadequate vaccination and low cancer screening rates, are often rooted in human behavior and impose a heavy burden on health systems and individual well-being. To effectively address them, the cultural contexts in which they occur, and the engagement of those affected are needed as well as application of models, and methods from behavioral and cultural sciences. Challenges also include the effects of global disruptions like climate change, armed conflicts, irresponsible business practices, corruption, and unsustainable production on health. These events highlight the critical importance of strong health systems and further strengthening of health promotion focus on promoting overall well-being, not just treating diseases. One of the opportunities for health promotions is people's increased awareness of their rights and responsibilities. Citizen participation in social mobilization can be a powerful tool to shape sustainable development policies and shall play an important role in health promotion. Social movements are gaining momentum worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines social participation as the empowerment of individuals, communities, and civil society by ensuring inclusive involvement in decision-making across all stages of policy development and at every level of the health system. Building upon previous intergovernmental agreements at the Seventy-seventh World Health Assembly, Member States endorsed a resolution aimed at establishment, enhancing, and sustaining meaningful social participation in health-related decision-making processes. Another, still persisting challenge is achieving effective intersectoral action for health, as it demands political will, coordinated efforts, and structures to support cross-sectoral policy development and implementation. A 'Health in All Policies' (HiAP) approach promotes intersectoral collaboration across government and society, advocating for new working models, including effective intersectoral structures, participatory processes, and partnerships. However, HiAP has been fully implemented in only a few countries, and many countries lack the necessary intersectoral policy systems and structures. Sustainable financing is essential for health promotion, as consistent funding is needed to maintain efforts over time. According to a study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), less than 3% of total healthcare expenditure is usually allocated to prevention and health promotion, with spending often decreasing significantly during economic recessions. (6) Future Directions in Health Promotion Global health concerns will change in the future, and health promotion will need to continuously adapt to the social and political changes such as globalization, emergencies, wars, economic crises, and periods of growth. Being strategically prepared for the future boosts the ability to navigate upcoming trends and uncertainties. To assess the megatrends, driving forces, and unpredictable factors that might profoundly impact people's well-being in future, in 2020, WHO team conducted strategic foresight that provides an analysis of health-promotion system capacity models and a horizon-scanning of global trends. The key findings on the future of health promotion suggest expanding the capacity of health-promotion and call for the paradigm shifts needed to progress the agenda on planetary health, One Health and well-being. Some practices are expected to endure, as they are vital for the sustainability of future systems, but current paradigms will evolve and shift significantly. Essentially, the future health model will blend elements of medical care, preventive measures, and health promotion, along with the planetary health paradigm. (7) To effectively implement comprehensive health promotion interventions, robust infrastructures are necessary to support delivery within the health system and across various sectors. This involves developing organizational capacity and structures with a clear mandate to support intersectoral health promotion at both national and local levels. In addition, mechanisms for cross-sectoral collaboration are essential and leadership and governance must broaden their thinking and adapt quickly to handle emergencies and uncertainties. Focus should be also on adopting a visionary approach, understanding people's willingness to act, and evaluating how much bureaucracy should be challenged. (8) Conclusion Despite achievements and developments, often there's a general lack of understanding about where health promotion fits within public health and the broader health system. The complexity of contemporary health threats, which disproportionately impact the most disadvantaged, underscores the need for immediate and transformative action to achieve measurable progress. Although understanding the past is crucial, relying on it alone is insufficient for effective decision-making in a in a rapidly changing world. Being strategically prepared for the future enhance the capability to manage emerging trends and uncertainties. It is crucial for governments to create responsive health policies and programs, ensuring broad stakeholder involvement and progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) without leaving anyone behind.
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OPREA, Iulia Alexandra, ;. Nicoleta (MARIN) ILIE, and Vlad Constantin TURCEA. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE CONSOLIDATION OF RURAL AREAS." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/17.
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Rural Romania and the agricultural sector development had recorded notable progress as direct results of previous rural development programs’ implementation, programs financed from both Europeans and national sources. Challenges are still to be tackled in the following financing periods as increased numbers of small scale farms, low level of technological upscale in the agricultural sector, rural degradation, farmers and rural population aging, undersupply of qualified workforce, environmental aspects that threat productivity, insufficient infrastructural development, low access at essential services and reduced number of value added products. In this specific context, in order to reach the highest economic and social rural potential and in particularly, the rural agro-food sector, it is essential that up-until-now efforts to be continued and improved. Have the key priorities been fulfilled for the National Rural Development Programme 2014- 2020? Have the key performance indicators been successfully implemented? What are the priorities with the largest-lowest accomplishment rate? These aspects do represent the scope of the article and additionally, there will be highlighted the necessary actions in order to consolidate the socio-economic structure of the rural areas.
Reports on the topic "Populations (access to essential service for)"
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Ali, Abdelrahman. Advancing Access to Digital Financial Services in Egypt. Islamic Development Bank Institute, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/re24040.
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As urbanization accelerates, the income disparity between urban and rural residents has become one of the common issues in the development stages of many countries. Given the centrality of rural residents’ income to this challenge, it has rightly garnered extensive attention. Rural residents’ income serves as a vital statistical index, comprehensively reflecting changes in quality of life and providing a basis for monitoring rural poverty alleviation. It plays a crucial role in guiding governments and macro decision-making departments in formulating effective rural economic policies and development strategies. Ensuring equitable access to financial services for both urban and rural residents is essential. The challenges faced in rural areas, such as scattered populations, aging demographics, and a lack of collateral for small businesses and farmers, highlight the limitations of traditional finance. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for placing financial services within reach of vulnerable groups, including microenterprises, rural residents, and low-income individuals. With the majority of the Egyptian population residing in rural areas (see Figure 1), there is a need to bridge the gap and provide equally robust financial services to both urban and rural citizens through the integration of finance and technology.
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Luzes, Marta, Alejandra Rivera Rivera, Lucina Rodríguez Guillén, and Cynthia van der Werf. Impacts of a Regularization Program in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013118.
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This paper examines the impacts of a migrant regularization program implemented in Peru in 2021. We find that the regularization process positively impacted migrant integration through labor outcomes (access to a written contract and increased income), social outcomes, and access to health services. The results of this study provide evidence of the importance of regularization programs for migrant populations and their impacts on well-being and productive integration in a context of high employment informality and limited public service coverage. The lessons learned are essential not only for developing countries where unexpected migratory flows have made regularization processes common but also for similar south-south movements, where the presence of migrants can pose unique challenges for host societies.
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Bogason, Ágúst, and Elin Slätmo. Essential Service Provision and Access to Services in Nordic Rural Areas. Nordregio, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2023:1.2001-3876.
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"Essential Service Provision and Access to Services in Nordic Rural Areas" explores the challenges facing service provision in Nordic rural areas due to societal and demographic changes, climate change, and globalization, and highlights the need for adapted approaches to service provisions. The policy brief shows that demographic and societal changes have a wider impact on service provision in rural regions than just traditional welfare services. The publication also analyses essential service needs and solutions to rural service provision challenges in the Nordic region through case studies and workshops.
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Slätmo, Elin, Ágúst Bogason, Elin Cedergren, Diana Huynh, and Hilma Salonen. Service provision and access to services in Nordic rural areas. Nordregio, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:2.1403-2503.
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This report presents results based on in-depth field work in eight case studies of rural areas identified as having high access to services or as good examples in their national and regional context: Lolland, Suðuroy, Kinnula, Avannaata, Múlaþing, Herøy, Vimmerby and Geta. The aim of the field work has been to investigate service provision and validate the results of a research and policy review focusing on Nordic rural areas. The investigations presented in this report focus on the following questions: (1) Which services are considered essential, and how does that vary in rural areas across the Nordics? (2) How are services provided, what roles and responsibilities are involved in their provision? (3) Which challenges are encountered, and what solutions are being developed to solve challenges associated with access to essential services in Nordic rural areas?
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Macinko, James, Inês Dourado, and Frederico C. Guanais. Chronic Diseases, Primary Care and Health Systems Performance: Diagnostics, Tools and Interventions. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007980.
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Growing exposure to risk factors in combination with low levels of access to preventive care are increasing unmet health needs. LAC has been experiencing a "nutrition transition" towards less healthy diets. Thirty to sixty percent of the region's population does not achieve the minimum recommended levels of physical activity and obesity is rising rapidly. Inadequate access to high quality health services, including clinical prevention and diagnostic services and difficult access to essential medicines are significant contributing factors to the growing burden of chronic disease.
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Slätmo, Elin, Ágúst Bogason, Anna Vasilevskaya, and Hilma Salonen. Essential rural services in the Nordic Region – Challenges and opportunities. Nordregio, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2022:1.1403-2503.
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The objective of this knowledge overview of the project “Service provision and access to services in Nordic rural areas – secure, trusted and for all ages” is to analyse how essential service needs for different types of societal groups and ruralities can be understood and defined, and how solutions to rural service provision challenges can be organised.
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Steinmann, Peter. What are the effects of social franchising on health service access and quality in low and middle income countries? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/161009.
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Social franchising adapts ideas and approaches developed and used in commercial franchising to the provision of public health services. While commercial franchising is driven by profit generation,social franchising strives to achieve social benefits. Social franchising has been identified as a way of increasing access to health services rapidly, particularly amongst the poorest populations, while maintaining quality standards in low and middle income countries.In such settings, access to health services is currently inadequate and private health service providers play an important role.
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Makumbi, Fredrick, Simon Peter Sebina Kibira, Lilian Giibwa, Chelsea Polis, Margaret Giorgio, Patrick Segawa, Lillibet Namakula, and Ricardo Mimbela. Access to Contraceptive Services Among Adolescents in Uganda During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Guttmacher Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2021.33206.
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Key Points The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions raised concerns that adolescents in Uganda may face barriers to receiving family planning commodities and services. Public and private service statistics data reveal that Uganda experienced smaller and shorter pandemic-related disruptions in adolescent access to sexual and reproductive health services than were initially anticipated. A temporary dip in service visits during April 2020 was followed by a return to previous levels and even an increase in family planning visits among adolescent women during the remainder of 2020. These results speak to the resilience of the health system, which continued to provide services, and the impact of actions by partners to support access to reproductive health supplies and services. The Ministry of Health and other stakeholders should take the following steps to ensure adolescents’ continued access to sexual and reproductive health services throughout the remainder of the pandemic: Document and foster the adaptions and processes that helped ensure continuity of services during the COVID-19 restrictions, so that similar measures may be adopted in future crises. Promote meaningful participation of young people in COVID-19 task forces, to ensure that relevant policies are gender-inclusive and respond to young people’s sexual and reproductive health needs. Classify contraceptive care as an essential service, integrate it with COVID-19 response interventions and ensure that it remains fully operational and open before, during and after any future lockdowns.
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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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Mikkelsen, Lene. Good Practices in Marketing for Micro and Small Enterprise Products: Cases from Latin-America. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008889.
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It has been established that access to profitable markets is a key factor which determines the long-term success for all businesses. For small and microenterprises, however, various constraints limit this access, such as inadequate technology, geographic isolation, lack of raw materials and inefficient production. By providing ways to overcome these constraints, marketing service providers play an essential role in developing the businesses of small and micro producers. Based on three case studies of marketing service providers -from Colombia, Nicaragua and El Salvador- dealing with handicrafts, nontraditional agricultural products, and household goods, this study focuses on the possibility for short and long-term sustainability of marketing services. The study discusses the impact ancillary services have on the ability for partial or full cost-recovery and for institutional sustainability, and the business strategies adopted by each marketing service provider.