Journal articles on the topic 'Population size'

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1

Park, Leeyoung. "Effective Population Size of Korean Populations." Genomics & Informatics 12, no. 4 (2014): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/gi.2014.12.4.208.

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2

Toksanbaeva, Mairash. "Minimum size of wage and its differentiation." Population 23, no. 4 (December 19, 2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.4.4.

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Raising minimum wage can lead to such a contraction in its differentiation that weakens the stimulating function. The article raises the question of the influence on this function of the minimum wage growth to the level of the subsistence minimum of an able-bodied person. According to Rosstat information, the decrease in the differences in earnings of workers depending on their qualifications began in 2017 and continued in 2019. The R/P10% ratio also declined but was still too high. The study of the causes of this phenomenon is based on the hypothesis that, first of all, it is rooted in the earnings differentiation by type of economic activity (industry). For the analysis, industries were selected in which the key professional groups consist of the most qualified personnel, namely highly qualified specialists and skilled workers. Contraction of inter-qualification differentiation below the reasonable standards took place in industries with wages not higher than the average for all employees. This process began in 2017, when the minimum wage had not yet reached the subsistence level. In key occupational groups in some high-wage industries the differences under consideration reached excessively high values. And in industries with low wages, the differentiation by key groups slightly increased in comparison with 2017. This can be explained by weakening of labor incentives and an attempt to restore them after this weakening. This confirms that ensuring of the reproductive function of payment for labor should be consistent with the effectiveness of the stimulating function. However, without reducing the differences in earnings by industry, achieving such consistency is not possible.
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3

Laporte, Valérie, and Brian Charlesworth. "Effective Population Size and Population Subdivision in Demographically Structured Populations." Genetics 162, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.1.501.

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AbstractA fast-timescale approximation is applied to the coalescent process in a single population, which is demographically structured by sex and/or age. This provides a general expression for the probability that a pair of alleles sampled from the population coalesce in the previous time interval. The effective population size is defined as the reciprocal of twice the product of generation time and the coalescence probability. Biologically explicit formulas for effective population size with discrete generations and separate sexes are derived for a variety of different modes of inheritance. The method is also applied to a nuclear gene in a population of partially self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. The effects of population subdivision on a demographically structured population are analyzed, using a matrix of net rates of movement of genes between different local populations. This involves weighting the migration probabilities of individuals of a given age/sex class by the contribution of this class to the leading left eigenvector of the matrix describing the movements of genes between age/sex classes. The effects of sex-specific migration and nonrandom distributions of offspring number on levels of genetic variability and among-population differentiation are described for different modes of inheritance in an island model. Data on DNA sequence variability in human and plant populations are discussed in the light of the results.
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4

Cohen, Felipe P. A., Bruno F. Takano, Roberto M. Shimizu, and Sergio L. S. Bueno. "Population size of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae)." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 41, no. 4 (September 10, 2013): 746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol41-issue4-fulltext-11.

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5

Hunt, W. Grainger, and Peter R. Law. "SITE-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF POPULATION SIZE: COMMENT." Ecology 81, no. 4 (April 2000): 1162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1162:sdrops]2.0.co;2.

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6

Hawkins, Bradford A., and Alan A. Berryman. "SITE-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF POPULATION SIZE: COMMENT." Ecology 81, no. 4 (April 2000): 1166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1166:sdrops]2.0.co;2.

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7

Rodenhouse, Nicholas L., Thomas W. Sherry, and Richard T. Holmes. "SITE-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF POPULATION SIZE: REPLY." Ecology 81, no. 4 (April 2000): 1168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1168:sdrops]2.0.co;2.

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8

Raymond, H. Fisher, Erin C. Wilson, and Willi McFarland. "Transwoman Population Size." American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 9 (September 2017): e12-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2017.303964.

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9

WILLS, CHRISTOPHER. "Population size bottleneck." Nature 348, no. 6300 (November 1990): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348398a0.

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10

Charlesworth, Brian. "Effective population size." Current Biology 12, no. 21 (October 2002): R716—R717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)01244-7.

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11

Iizuka, Masaru. "Effective population size of a population with stochastically varying size." Journal of Mathematical Biology 61, no. 3 (November 3, 2009): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-009-0304-5.

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12

Hay, Jennifer, and Laurie Bauer. "Phoneme inventory size and population size." Language 83, no. 2 (2007): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2007.0071.

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13

Shaffer, Mark L., and Fred B. Samson. "Population Size and Extinction: A Note on Determining Critical Population Sizes." American Naturalist 125, no. 1 (January 1985): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284332.

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14

Nunney, Leonard, and Diane R. Elam. "Estimating the Effective Population Size of Conserved Populations." Conservation Biology 8, no. 1 (March 1994): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010175.x.

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15

Lambert, Amaury. "Population genetics, ecology and the size of populations." Journal of Mathematical Biology 60, no. 3 (August 6, 2009): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-009-0286-3.

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16

Frankham, Richard. "Effective population size/adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review." Genetical Research 66, no. 2 (October 1995): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300034455.

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SummaryThe effective population size is required to predict the rate of inbreeding and loss of genetic variation in wildlife. Since only census population size is normally available, it is critical to know the ratio of effective to actual population size (Ne/N). Published estimates ofNe/N(192 from 102 species) were analysed to identify major variables affecting the ratio, and to obtain a comprehensive estimate of the ratio with all relevant variables included. The five most important variables explaining variation among estimates, in order of importance, were fluctuation in population size, variance in family size, form ofNused (adults υ. breeders υ. total size), taxonomic group and unequal sex-ratio. There were no significant effects on the ratio of high υ. low fecundity, demographic υ. genetic methods of estimation, or of overlapping υ. non-overlapping generations when the same variables were included in estimates. Comprehensive estimates ofNe/N(that included the effects of fluctuation in population size, variance in family size and unequal sex-ratio) averaged only 0·10–0·11. Wildlife populations have much smaller effective population sizes than previously recognized.
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17

Reed, David H., and Gayla R. Hobbs. "The relationship between population size and temporal variability in population size." Animal Conservation 7, no. 1 (February 2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1367943004003476.

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18

FRANKHAM, RICHARD. "Efective population size/adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review." Genetics Research 89, no. 5-6 (December 2007): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672308009695.

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19

Al-Faisal, Hala R., Imtiaz Ahmad, Ayed A. Salman, and Mohammad Gh Alfailakawi. "Adaptation of Population Size in Sine Cosine Algorithm." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 25258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3056520.

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20

Møller, Anders Pape, and László Zsolt Garamszegi. "Sexual selection, range size and population size." Ornis Hungarica 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2013-0001.

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Abstract Sexual selection may impose fitness costs on both males and females due to the costs of developing and maintaining exaggerated sexual signals, reducing average fitness in strongly sexually selected species. Such reductions in average fitness could affect local extinction risk and hence distribution range. However, given that both sexually monochromatic and dichromatic species are common and widespread, benefits of sexual selection must be invoked to maintain equilibrium. We tested for differences in breeding range size and population size between monochromatic and dichromatic species of birds in a comparative analysis of species from the Western Palaearctic. In an analysis of standardized linear contrasts of the relationship between sexual dichromatism and range size and population size, respectively, that controlled for similarity among taxa due to common descent, we found no significant relationship. However, when we analyzed carotenoid-based sexual dichromatism sexually dichromatic species had larger distribution areas and higher northernmost distribution limits, but not southernmost distribution limits than sexually monochromatic species. In contrast, melanin-based sexual dichromatism was not significantly associated with range size or population size. Therefore, population density of sexually dichromatic species with carotenoid-based coloration was lower than that of monochromatic species, because dichromatic species had similar population sizes but larger ranges than monochromatic species. These findings suggest that the different physiological roles of pigments associated with sexual dichromatism have effects on total range size of birds.
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21

Krieger, Tim, and Daniel Meierrieks. "Population size and the size of government." European Journal of Political Economy 61 (January 2020): 101837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.101837.

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22

Moran, Steven, Daniel McCloy, and Richard Wright. "Revisiting population size vs. phoneme inventory size." Language 88, no. 4 (2012): 877–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0087.

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23

Ebanks, G. Edward. "Stable population size: Montserrat." Canadian Studies in Population 16, no. 2 (December 31, 1989): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6ww2s.

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24

Lamont, Byron B., and Peter G. L. Klinkhamer. "Population size and viability." Nature 362, no. 6417 (March 1993): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362211a0.

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25

Tonry, Michael. "Controlling prison population size." European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 4, no. 3 (September 1996): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02750728.

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26

Daily, Gretchen C., Anne H. Ehrlich, and Paul R. Ehrlich. "Optimum human population size." Population and Environment 15, no. 6 (July 1994): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02211719.

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27

Spiegel, Yossef. "Rawlsian optimal population size." Journal of Population Economics 6, no. 4 (1993): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00599044.

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28

PARK, LEEYOUNG. "Effective population size of current human population." Genetics Research 93, no. 2 (March 31, 2011): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672310000558.

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SummaryIn order to estimate the effective population size (Ne) of the current human population, two new approaches, which were derived from previous methods, were used in this study. One is based on the deviation from linkage equilibrium (LE) between completely unlinked loci in different chromosomes and another is based on the deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). When random mating in a population is assumed, genetic drifts in population naturally induce linkage disequilibrium (LD) between chromosomes and the deviation from HWE. The latter provides information on the Ne of the current population, and the former provides the same when the Ne is constant. If Ne fluctuates, recent Ne changes are reflected in the estimates based on LE, and the comparison between two estimates can provide information regarding recent changes of Ne. Using HapMap Phase III data, the estimates were varied from 622 to 10 437, depending on populations and estimates. The Ne appeared to fluctuate as it provided different estimates for each of the two methods. These Ne estimates were found to agree approximately with the overall increment observed in recent human populations.
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29

Vucetich, John A., Thomas A. Waite, and Leonard Nunney. "Fluctuating Population Size and the Ratio of Effective to Census Population Size." Evolution 51, no. 6 (December 1997): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2411022.

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30

Vucetich, John A., Thomas A. Waite, and Leonard Nunney. "FLUCTUATING POPULATION SIZE AND THE RATIO OF EFFECTIVE TO CENSUS POPULATION SIZE." Evolution 51, no. 6 (December 1997): 2017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb05123.x.

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31

Tanaka, Mark M., Romane Cristescu, and Desmond W. Cooper. "Effective population size of koala populations under different population management regimes including contraception." Wildlife Research 36, no. 7 (2009): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08160.

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Context. The management of wildlife populations aiming to control population size should also consider the preservation of genetic diversity. Some overabundant koala populations, for example, have low genetic variation. Different management strategies will affect population genetic variation differently. Aims. Here, we compare four strategies with respect to their effects on the effective population size, Ne , and therefore on genetic variation. Methods. The four strategies of interest are: (1) sterilisation or culling (which have the same effect on genetic variation); (2) random contraception of females with replacement; (3) random contraception of females without replacement; and (4) regular contraception, giving every female equal opportunity to reproduce. We develop mathematical models of these alternative schemes to evaluate their impact on Ne . We also consider the effect of changing population sizes by investigating a model with geometric population growth in which females are removed by sterilisation or culling. Key results. We find that sterilisation/culling at sexual maturity has the most detrimental effect on Ne , whereas regular contraception has no impact on Ne . Random contraception lies between these two extremes, leading to a moderate reduction in Ne . Removal of females from a growing population results in a higher Ne than the removal of females from a static population. Conclusions. Different strategies for controlling a population lead to different effective population sizes. Implications. To preserve genetic diversity in a wildlife population under control, the effective population size should be kept as large as possible. We suggest that a suitable approach in managing koala populations may be to prevent reproduction by all females older than a particular age.
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32

Pollak, Edward. "The effective population size of some age-structured populations." Mathematical Biosciences 168, no. 1 (November 2000): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5564(00)00041-9.

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33

Bernos, Thaїs A., and Dylan J. Fraser. "Spatiotemporal relationship between adult census size and genetic population size across a wide population size gradient." Molecular Ecology 25, no. 18 (September 2016): 4472–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13790.

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34

Gnawali, Suman, Ajay Kumar Yadav, Mukunda Psd Humagain, Prakash Kayastha, and Durga Panthi. "Measurement of Corpus Callosum Size Using MRI In Nepalese Population." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 3.3 (September 5, 2021): 8079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.138.

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Corpus callosum (CC) is the main fiber tract connecting the cortical and sub-cortical regions of the right, left hemispheres, and plays an essential role in the integration of information between the two hemispheres. By using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the dimensions of corpus callosum can be studied. In this cross-sectional quantitative study 80 cases of normal MRI head were selected for study over two months. T1 weighted sagittal spin-echo images with slice thickness of 6 mm, planned from an axial and coronal image were used for measuring length and thickness of corpus callosum. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS ver.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages and bar diagram. The mean Corpus callosum (CC) length was 68.06 mm in the study population (n=80). The mean thickness of Genu, Body and Splenium were 9.15,5.2 and 9.08 mm respectively and average thickness was 7.81 mm. Statistically significant differences in size of CC for various age groups in both sexes were observed. The mean length of CC was 68.06 mm and mean thickness of CC was 7.81 mm. There were variation in the size of CC with age and sex. The Pearson correlation Coefficient is 0.48829 between Age and Length of CC, its P-value is 0.0019 KEY WORD: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Corpus callosum (CC), Genu, Body, Splenium Sagittal Spin-Echo.
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35

Vokoun, J. C., C. F. Rabeni, and J. S. Stanovick. "Sample-Size Requirements for Evaluating Population Size Structure." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 21, no. 3 (August 2001): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0660:ssrfep>2.0.co;2.

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36

Brady, Matthew J., Thomas S. Risch, and F. Stephen Dobson. "Availability of nest sites does not limit population size of southern flying squirrels." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-048.

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Among factors that may limit population size, nest site is generally considered important for cavity-nesting species. We tested the hypothesis that nest-site availability limits population size in the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) by examining the effect of experimentally increasing the number of nest sites. We compared population sizes before and after adding 100 nest boxes (high-quality nests, increasing overall nest density by at least about 65%) on each of three experimental sites on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We also compared the experimental populations with three reference (unmanipulated) sites in a paired-block experimental design. All six populations were similarly monitored with livetrapping grids, and flying squirrels readily nested in the supplemental boxes. We predicted that population size would increase where nest sites were added. No increases in population size were observed after nest boxes were added to the three experimental sites, however, nor were populations higher on the experimental sites than on the reference sites. The lack of increase in population size after nest boxes were added demonstrates that the availability of nest sites was not limiting the size of these populations.
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37

Rodenhouse, Nicholas L., Thomas W. Sherry, and Richard T. Holmes. "Site-Dependent Regulation of Population Size: A New Synthesis." Ecology 78, no. 7 (October 1997): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265942.

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38

Kawata, Masakado. "Effective Population Size in a Continuously Distributed Population." Evolution 49, no. 6 (December 1995): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410430.

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39

WATKINSON, ANDREW R., GAIL LINTELL-SMITH, KEVIN K. NEWSHAM, and J. MARCUS ROWCLIFFE. "Population Interactions and the Determinants of Population Size." Plant Species Biology 8, no. 2-3 (December 1993): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1993.tb00066.x.

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40

Pardoe, Colin. "Population Genetics and Population Size in Prehistoric Tasmania." Australian Archaeology 22, no. 1 (June 1, 1986): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.1986.12093040.

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41

Kawata, Masakado. "EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE IN A CONTINUOUSLY DISTRIBUTED POPULATION." Evolution 49, no. 6 (December 1995): 1046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04432.x.

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42

Nikulina, Yulia, Tatiana Yurchenko, and Vladimir Surovtsev. "Rural population dependence on the level of agricultural development: panel data analysis of Leningrad oblast." Population 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.1.9.

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Rural development has been and remains a relevant government task. Dynamic structural and technological changes in the agricultural sector lead to the need of reassessing the mutual influence of the level of development of agricultural production and rural areas. The study deals with quantitative assessment of the dependence of rural population size as an integral indicator of socio-economic well-being of rural areas on selected factors and indicators that characterize the level of agricultural development, its sectoral specifics and the structure of agricultural producers. Empirical estimates were obtained from panel data of municipal districts in Leningrad oblast for 2012-2018. The greatest positive impact on the rural population size among the considered characteristics of agriculture is determined for the factor of sown areas that is associated with the specifics of agricultural sub-sectors, their different needs for such factors as land and labor, the development potential for small-scale farming. It was found that the concentration of agricultural production in the large commercial sector has a negative impact on the rural population size. This is explained by difference in employment dynamics and redistribution of resources between categories of agricultural producers. Modeling results showed that agrarian subsidies received by agricultural producers have a statistically insignificant impact on rural population that justifies the need to adjust the orientation and forms of agricultural state support to achieve a synergetic effect on rural development.
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43

Djumabaeva, Shoira Kh. "Demographic potential of the Republic of Karakalpakstan." POPULATION 23, no. 3 (2020): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.3.13.

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This article analyzes dynamics in the population size and composition, natural growth, fertility, mortality, marriage, divorce, and migration in one of the Uzbekistan regions — the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In recent years there has been observed a decrease in the natural population growth, although it remains relatively high. Analysis of the dynamics in fertility shows that in Karakalpakstan over the years of independence the crude birth rate has significantly decreased. The changing attitude of women to family size is closely related to the changes in their role in society and in family — expanding women's participation in public production, their raising awareness and wide use of various modern methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This is the main factor in the transition of young people from large families to small and medium-sized families. Mortality rate reflects the health status of population. Although the healthcare system was developing over the years of independence, the incidence of various diseases has increased. As a result, the infant, child and maternal mortality rates remain relatively high. In terms of infant mortality, Karakalpakstan takes one of the leading places in Uzbekistan. This can be partly explained by the poor environmental situation. The number of registered marriages and divorces also affects the demographic processes. Over the years of independence, the marriage rate has decreased, and the divorce rate has increased. The decline in the marriage rate is due to changes in the demographic structure of the country's population. The article also analyzes the dynamics of migration processes since independence. In particular, it shows high proportion of departures, negative migration balance, intensive external migration. The migration process is a result of the impact of various factors and causes. Among the reasons that encourage people to move from one place to another, there are emphasized socioeconomic factors.
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44

Takamura, Noriko, Toshio Iwakuma, and Masayuki Yasuno. "Photosynthesis of size-fractionated phytoplankton population in hypertrophic Lake Kasurnigaura, Japan." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 108, no. 2 (December 19, 1986): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/108/1986/235.

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45

Gordo, Isabel. "Population size matters for mutations." Nature Ecology & Evolution 6, no. 4 (March 3, 2022): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01670-w.

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46

Houston, Alasdair I., and John M. McNamara. "Patch choice and population size." Evolutionary Ecology 11, no. 6 (November 1997): 703–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1018486318976.

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47

Berry;, O. F., J. P. Wares, P. H. Barber, J. Ross-Ibarra, E. E. Sotka, R. J. Toonen;, E. Bazin, S. Glemin, and N. Galtier. "Mitochondrial DNA and Population Size." Science 314, no. 5804 (December 1, 2006): 1388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.314.5804.1388.

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48

Cronshaw, Mark B., and Till Requate. "Population size and environmental quality." Journal of Population Economics 10, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050045.

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49

Jagers, Peter. "Population-size-dependent branching processes." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 9, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953396000391.

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In a recent paper [7] a coupling method was used to show that if population size, or more generally population history, influence upon individual reproduction in growing, branching-style populations disappears after some random time, then the classical Malthusian properties of exponential growth and stabilization of composition persist. While this seems self-evident, as stated, it is interesting that it leads to neat criteria via a direct Borel-Cantelli argument: If m(n) is the expected number of children of an individual in an n-size population and m(n)≥m>1, then essentially ∑n=1∞{m(n)−m}<∞ suffices to guarantee Malthusian behavior with the same parameter as a limiting independent-individual process with expected offspring number m. (For simplicity the criterion is stated for the single-type case here.)However, this is not as strong as the results known for the special cases of Galton-Watson processes [10], Markov branching [13], and a binary splitting tumor model [2], which all require only something like ∑n=1∞{m(n)−m}/n<∞.This note studies such latter criteria more generally. It is dedicated to the memory of Roland L. Dobrushin.
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50

Huggins, Richard, Hsin-Chou Yang, Anne Chao, and Paul S. F. Yip. "Population size estimation using local sample coverage for open populations." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 113, no. 2 (May 2003): 699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3758(02)00093-9.

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