Journal articles on the topic 'Population research – Methodology'
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McNicoll, Geoffrey, Donald J. Bogue, Eduardo E. Arriaga, and Douglas L. Anderton. "Readings in Population Research Methodology." Population and Development Review 20, no. 1 (March 1994): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137648.
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Williamson, Paul. "Readings in Population Research Methodology." Population Studies 49, no. 3 (November 1, 1995): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000148846.
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钟, 乐. "Population Estimates Methodology Research in Rural Planning." Modern Anthropology 03, no. 03 (2015): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ma.2015.33007.
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Hershman, Dawn L., and Jason D. Wright. "Comparative Effectiveness Research in Oncology Methodology: Observational Data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34 (December 1, 2012): 4215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.41.6701.
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The goal of comparative effectiveness research is to inform clinical decisions between alternate treatment strategies using data that reflect real patient populations and real-world clinical scenarios for the purpose of improving patient outcomes. Observational studies using population-based registry data are increasingly relied on to fill the information gaps created by lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Administrative data sets have many advantages, including large sample sizes, long-term follow-up, and inclusion of data on physician and systems characteristics as well as cost. In this review, we describe the characteristics of many of the commonly used population-based data sets and discuss the elements included within these data sets. An overview of common research themes that rely on population-based data and illustrative examples are presented. Finally, an overview of the analytic techniques commonly employed by health services researchers to limit the effects of selection bias and confounding is discussed. The analysis of well-designed studies of comparative effectiveness is complex. However, careful framing, appropriate study design, and application of sophisticated analytic techniques can improve the accuracy of nonrandomized studies. There are multiple areas where the unique characteristics of observational studies can inform medical decision making and health policy, and it is critical to appreciate the opportunities, strengths, and limitations of observational research.
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O'Connor, Autumn Sadie, and Vicki Hutton. "Improving entrepreneurial research methodology: When research design fails." Journal of Student Research 6, no. 2 (May 11, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v6i2.409.
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The diverse endeavours undertaken by entrepreneurs have the potential to positively impact communities, and yet this population appears notoriously difficult to recruit for research. This paper reflects on declining research participation, particularly noted in top executives and the entrepreneurial community; and introduces a Master’s dissertation study which failed to recruit significant numbers of entrepreneurs for quantitative research purposes. While ‘failed’ research may lack allure, it does provide valuable learning insights for students undertaking new research projects. Quite apart from not repeating past mistakes, outlining research challenges may assist students to develop more creative and robust projects. As such, this paper highlights two significant points regarding barriers to recruiting amongst entrepreneurs. First, we present evidence that entrepreneurs are often over-worked and time poor, and this impacts on their research participation; secondly, we highlight how entrepreneurs respond differently to research activities, and hereby, we offer some recommendations for improved research design.
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Reddy, CD. "Teaching Research Methodology: Everything’s a Case." Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 18, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): pp178–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/jbrm.18.2.009.
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This paper contributes to the discourse about research methodology pedagogy towards the development of new scholarly researchers. Because students can better visualise causal effects within a single case, I propose that instructors, before moving onto to teach inferential statistics relying on impersonal numbers from many cases, use instead a case-oriented approach to emphasise the “case” as the basic pedagogic unit to scaffold the student’s learning of research methodology. A carefully chosen case can represent an instantiation of the same phenomenon that will eventually be used to demonstrate inferential statistics. After all, for causal effects to show up at the population level, they must be operating within particular cases. I refer to this as an N-case approach. This approach locates various combinations of quantitative and qualitative methods on a continuum from exploratory to confirmatory research. This continuum can also be framed as one moving from the particular to the general. The single case allows students to grasp ideas about causal processes in a more direct manner than a survey can. Instructors can then build on single case insights to grasp similar ideas at a population level. My motivation for this approach is to turn away from a pedagogy where research methodology teaching begins with ideas set in quantitative approaches to understand causal processes occurring at a particular case level. I also believe that current research teaching ought to turn away from encouraging students to apply a research design according to their favoured identity along a qualitative-quantitative divide. Instead, the research problem should determine the required research design.
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Cistobaev, A. I., and Z. A. Semenova. "Towards the methodology and methods of medico-geographic research." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 93, no. 3 (2013): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1303105c.
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In article possibility of application of a statistical method in research of a role of social making medical geography in formation of health of the population, public health services development is shown. The maintenance and ways of calculation of the indicators reflecting a condition of the individual, group and population health, activity of establishments of public health services at regional level is presented.
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Vebrianto, Rian, Musa Thahir, Zelly Putriani, Ira Mahartika, Aldeva Ilhami, and Diniya. "Mixed Methods Research: Trends and Issues in Research Methodology." Bedelau: Journal of Education and Learning 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55748/bjel.v1i2.35.
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Mixed methods research is currently developing and has become an interesting issue and trend in the field of education. This makes the writers want to provide a reference and technical guidance to increase students' knowledge in providing mixed methods research. This type of research is literature review research that discusses various interesting issues from journals and books related to this research theme. This article describes matters related to the definition, types and procedures of mixed methods, population and samples, instruments, data collection and data analysis techniques carried out by mixed methods. The results of this study provide clarity and important exposure to research methodologies for students who will carry out their research in the field of education that focuses on mixed methods research. Hence, the research method will provide advantages of both quantitative and qualitative approaches to unveil the research phenomena in depth. In addition, this research has also real implications for students and researchers in carrying out good and appropriate mixed methods research.
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Nazarova, I. B. "Monitoring of the population health and health risk factors (research methodology)." RUDN Journal of Sociology 22, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 616–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-3-616-629.
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The article considers the dynamics of health indicators and health risk factors in Russia, including in comparison to the OECD countries. The study is based on the Russian statistical data, OECD data, and Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE). The key public health indicator - the life expectancy (years of life at birth) - shows the negative dynamics in 2020 (71.54), while some other health indicators, on the contrary, show the positive dynamics, such as the self-rated health (the share of population aged 15+ in poor health deceased). 10.8 % of Russian adults consider themselves to be in poor health, which is higher than in the OECD countries. The share of people who assess their health as good and very good has increased over the 25 years of the study: the share of women has doubled (17.5 % in 1994 and 35.1 % in 2020); the share of men has increased by 13.2 % (34.4 % and 47.6 %). The share of people who drink alcohol and of men who smoke has decreased. However, there are negative trends that accompany risk factors: early initiation of smoking (8.5 % started smoking at 13 years and earlier, the majority (78.3 %) started smoking at puberty - at 18 and earlier; half of smokers smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day). The majority (66 %) of the RLMS participants at least occasionally drink alcoholic beverages, including beer (69.6 % of men and 55.3 % of women); never drink alcohol 34 % (30.4 % and 44.7 %). Every tenth respondent (11.9 %) tried an alcohol for the first time at the age of 14 or earlier; 77.9 % - at 18 and earlier. Over 25 years, the share of people with normal weight has decreased: 57.3 % of men and 43.4 % of women in 1994; 43.8 % and 40.5 % - in 2020. The share of overweight people has increased from 40 % of men and 51.9 % of women in 1994 to 53.5 % and 55.7 % in 2020.
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Uher, Jana. "Comparative personality research: methodological approaches." European Journal of Personality 22, no. 5 (August 2008): 427–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.680.
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In the broadest sense, personality refers to stable inter‐individual variability in behavioural organisation within a particular population. Researching personality in human as well as nonhuman species provides unique possibilities for comparisons across species with different phylogenies, ecologies and social systems. It also allows insights into mechanisms and processes of the evolution of population differences within and between species. The enormous diversity across species entails particular challenges to methodology. This paper explores theoretical approaches and analytical methods of deriving dimensions of inter‐individual variability on different population levels from a personality trait perspective. The existing diversity suggests that some populations, especially some species, may exhibit different or even unique trait domains. Therefore, a methodology is needed that identifies ecologically valid and comprehensive representations of the personality variation within each population. I taxonomise and compare current approaches in their suitability for this task. I propose a new bottom–up approach—the behavioural repertoire approach—that is tailored to the specific methodological requirements of comparative personality research. Initial empirical results in nonhuman primates emphasise the viability of this approach and highlight interesting implications for human personality research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Kyyak, Volodymyr, and Andriy Malynovskyі. "Aspects of the methodology of plant populations research (by means of the example of rare species)." Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no. 36 (December 10, 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2020.36.115-128.
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In this work basic concepts and problematic issues of modern population ecology of plants are considered. Quite different views on many aspects of terminology and research methodology one can observed in the scientific literature. Basic terms such as: «vitality», «age structure», «ontogenetic structure», «self-renewal», «strategy», «regeneration niche», «buffering», population size establishment, etc can be interpreted differently, which causes significant discrepancies in research methodology, and thus are reflected in the interpretation of results. The population is considered as an indivisible and unique set of individuals of one species, which is characterized by self-reproduction while maintaining its main properties. The statemen concerning the population as a unit of biodiversity accountability is justified. The study of strategy, intra-population diversity, viability and mechanisms of self-recovery has shown that the existence of populations for a long time is ensured by a certain structure. The structure of the population is a set of quantitative and qualitative components of its organization at the individual and group level, which characterize the structure and ensure the functioning of the population as a whole system. At the same time, establishing which structural elements play a leading role in the changed environmental conditions continues to be an urgent task for species of different life forms in the variety of conditions of their habitats. The example of isolated populations of rare species shows the most typical stages of structure change due to pessimization of living conditions: simplification of spatial structure, aging or pseudo-rejuvenation, reduction of vitality of individuals and population loci, reduction of self-sufficiency and reproduction, simplification and reduction of ontogenesis of individuals, predominance of death rate over birth rate, reduction of area, number and density, cessation of formation of generative individuals, cessation of undergrowth replenishment, reduction of vegetative reproduction, loss of population viability. An integral characteristic that reflects the current state of the population based on the most important individual and group parameters of structure, growth, development and reproduction is the vitality of the population. Intrapopulation structural components - population loci of reproduction - are of the greatest importance in preserving the viability of populations and ensuring the prospects of their existence in the event of adverse changes in the environment. Among population structures, the highest dynamic endurance and stability of functioning for a long time under different conditions of natural and anthropogenically altered environment were found in metapopulations. Understanding of the processes taking place on the verge of existence of the population during its emergence, and especially during the period of its loss of viability and extinction, is extremely important. However, there are still not so many researches aimed at revealing the patterns of behavior of populations during these most vulnerable periods of their long life cycle.
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Patel, Naiya. "Qualitative Research Methodology and its Scope in Health Services Research." Journal of Neurological Research and Therapy 3, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-20-3231.
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Health services research is a multidisciplinary field which involves policy makers, health care providers, as well as quality outcomes professionals of the health services provided in an organizational setting to name some. Using qualitative research methodology to get insights of both the provider and patient experience down the pipeline can help strengthen what is lacking. Bridging the gap of translation research by not just surveys 1 might be an appropriate research methodology, however, inclusion of case studies, ethnographies might help stakeholders in the field, to visualize in depth phenomenon occurring in health services research field. Telly medicine, commercial digital health status trackr might be some of the inetrventions to improvise health care services, however, knowing what are the actual needs at individual level might efficiently help in redistribution of resources or policy laws. Recruiting for clinical trials through story telling communication technology2,3, might help in recruitment for novel drug therapies to explore possibilities, however, exploring the barriers to enroll for the clinical trials, or why the drug might work effectively in some cultural population and why not on others, can only be efficiently explored through qualitative research methodologies.
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Li, Wenjun, and Su-I. Hou. "AAA Research Methodology I: Overcoming Linguistic and Cultural Barriers in Aging Research Among Asians." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2952.
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Abstract Asians are the largest and the fastest growing segment of the world population. Asian immigrants are the second largest immigrant population in the U.S. However, their age-related social and health issues are understudied. Because studies on older Asians are often scattered geographically and small-sized and study instruments are usually inconsistent in context, language and culture, it is difficult to synthesize findings from different studies on Asians. Little data exist to support health promotion, policy evaluation and clinical practice in this population. To advance research into aging among Asians, a fundamental step is to create content-relevant, linguistically and culturally appropriate research instruments, and encourage use of these consistent and comparable instruments across studies. This symposium brings together four abstracts that report the development and adaptation of linguistically and culturally appropriate survey instruments for health and behavioral studies in older Asians. The topics range from development of new scales for generative concern and acts in older Singaporeans, assessment of appropriateness of health literacy measurements among East Asian older adults, validation of Health Aging Instrument in Southeastern Asian older adults. Based on the experiences in these studies, the group will discuss the need and strategies to develop an international network to promote resource sharing and research collaborations across geographic boundaries and disciplinary divisions. By bringing together the isolated but talented Asian health researchers, the new network may accelerate the growth of research on Aging Among Asians. This symposium is a collaborative effort of the Aging Among Asians Interest Group.
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Shaikemelev, Mukhtarbek. "METHODOLOGY OF ETHNO-SOCIAL RESEARCH: ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN AND KAZAKH EXPERIENCE IN ETHNICITY RESEARCH." Al-Farabi 79, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2022.3/1999-5911.09.
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In the article, based on a comparative analysis of the features of the methodological foundations of Kazakhstani and Western scientific discourses of research on ethnopolitical and ethnosocial processes, an attempt was made to apply a synthetic approach to the analysis of ethnicity and identities of the population of the South of Kazakhstan in the “bottom-up” direction. The synthetic approach used by the author of the article combines elements of primordialist and situationist approaches to the analysis of social space and values of rural communities. The object of the study was the opinions of respondents in auls, villages and small towns of compact and mixed ethnic groups living in Almaty, Zhambyl and Turkestan regions in order to identify strategies for ethnic identification of the population, their attitude towards other ethnic groups. The analysis is carried out on the basis of data from field sociological studies (focus group discussions) conducted in 2021-2022. employees of the project “Monitoring as a Method of Research and Forecasting the Dynamics of Ethno-Social Processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan” of the Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies of the RK CS MSHE. The author comes to the conclusion that the main methodological driver for the analysis of ethnopolitical problems should be the reorientation of research strategies to the study of “folk sociology”, situational and everyday cases that reflect the opinion of the Kazakh population “from below”. At the end of the article, conclusions are formulated and scientific and theoretical recommendations are given.
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Chorres Saldarriaga, Wilmer, Samuel David Ancajima Mena, Víctor Francisco Cruz Cisneros, Adilson Crepalde, and Plinio Pereira Filho. "Epistemology and academic performance in research methodology." Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.57188/ricso.2022.001.
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At present, few universities are dedicated to train students with an epistemological prole, due to many factors in the university professorship; as well as, there is a lack of interest by authorities, professors, students in directing the love for science, for the simple reason of not investing more budget or other factors. The purpose of this research is to show that the basic epistemological knowledge of history and philosophy improves learning in university students in the rst cycle in the subject called Methodology of Research or University Work; many times, epistemology is confused with the theory of knowledge or gnoseology. The object of the study was to determine the existence and relationship of variables about the epistemology workshop and academic performance. For this research work, the type of pre-experimental applied study was used; the design employed was experimental. The population and sample consisted of 31 students. The research resulted that most students have a high command of analysis, inference and explanation;however,despitetheexperimentationofeachofthesewithacademic performance, it was not signicant. Similarly, the correlation between critical thinking and performance in the subject of Methodology was not signicant, although there was a slight correlation.
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Li, Wenjun, and Vivian Lou. "AAA Research Methodology II: Innovative Observational and Intervention Studies." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2968.
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Abstract Asians are the largest and the fastest growing segment of the world population, and the second largest immigrant population in the U.S. A high proportion of Asians live in developing countries or are immigrants to developed countries. Studies on age-related social and health issues of Asians have lagged. To advance research into aging among Asians living in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world, sound methodologies can be adopted from those well-developed in other settings while novel methodologies are to be developed to meet the unique needs of Asian studies. This symposium brings together five abstracts that address a variety of innovative methodological issues in social and health studies among Asian older adults. The topics range from use of wearable devices to measure travel patterns, life space and physical activity in late-life Asian immigrants in the U.S.; use of Ecological Momentary Assessment method to examine influences of social contact satisfaction on neighborhood affect in Chinese in mainland China; use of multilingual age-friendly touch-screen device for cognitive intervention in Singapore; use of GIS to evaluate potential influences of accessibility to neighborhood living resources on attitudes towards aging among the oldest old in Shanghai; and use of a multi-phase complex mixed methods to evaluate a Chinese cancer screening program in Taiwan. Together, these studies showed that innovative methods can be adapted for context relevance and linguistic and cultural appropriateness, and successfully executed in studies on aging among Asians. This symposium is a collaborative effort of the Aging Among Asians Interest Group.
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FETISOV, Vladimir D., and Tat’yana V. FETISOVA. "Revisiting the methodology of research and implementation of Russia's national security." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 2008–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.11.2008.
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Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the methodology and implementation of Russia's national security. Objectives. Based on the analysis of the essence of economic security, the article aims to identify ways and formulate proposals for improving the research methodology and enhancing the effectiveness of Russia's security implementation. Methods. For the study, we used the empirical, dialectical, systems, analytical, historical, and statistical approaches. Results. The article defines the main methodological approaches to the consideration of the country's security and the problematic features of the official security strategy of Russia. It justifies human security as the key link of the country's security and provides recommendations on methodology and effective solution of problems of implementing Russia's economic security. Conclusions and Relevance. The population of the country takes the major load in financing Russia's security. Monopolized corporations benefit from the price mechanism of redistribution of monetary resources. This situation worsens the financial well-being of the majority of citizens. This leads to an aggravation of socio-economic contradictions of society with inevitable negative consequences. It is necessary to radically change the methodological approach to the formation of the principles of the regulator's economic policy, taking into account the interests of mass entrepreneurship and the material capabilities of the majority of the population of Russia. The results of the study can be used when developing and implementing economic policy in the field of security, financial management of the population, business and government agencies, as well as in the systems of secondary-level and vocational education of the country.
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Shkedi, Asher. "Narrative survey: A Methodology for studying multiple populations." Narrative Inquiry 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.14.1.05shk.
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The narrative survey is a qualitative research strategy which offers a method for surveying large populations. While the research community relies on several types of qualitative approaches as alternative research responses to the quantitative types, the survey strategy has been the exclusive domain of positivistic-quantitative research. However, if we seek qualitative understandings in relation to many people, each finding expression as a unique narrative within the survey context, we need to develop a narrative-constructivist alternative to the traditional survey. Narrative survey is such a research strategy which follows the narrative-constructivist approach, uses mainly narrative methods of data collection and analysis, and produces a final narrative report. In this aritcle I describe the narrative survey, bring an example of a study project, and compare it to other research strategies of a similar nature: collective case study, case survey and meta-ethnography, and the “conventional” quantitative survey. (Narrative Survey, Data Analysis, Data Collection, Mulitple Population, Narrative-Constructivist Approach)
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Mathur, Prashant, Sukanya Rangamani, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, Deepadarshan Huliyappa, Bhoomika Bajaj Bhalla, and Vinay Urs. "National Stroke Registry Programme in India for Surveillance and Research: Design and Methodology." Neuroepidemiology 54, no. 6 (2020): 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510482.
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The burden of stroke is increasing, and India lacks comparable long-term data on stroke incidence and mortality. Disease surveillance using a registry model can provide long-term data on stroke for linking with public health interventions in stroke prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. The objectives of the National Stroke Registry Programme (NSRP), India, are to generate reliable data on the incidence of first-ever stroke events in defined populations through a population-based stroke registry (PBSR) and to describe the patterns of care and outcomes of patients with stroke in different treatment settings through a hospital-based stroke registry (HBSR). Continuous systematic collection on a standardized format of diagnostic, treatment, and outcome information on stroke events in persons of defined population (PBSR) and those who attend hospitals (HBSR) is conducted through active data abstraction from review of records from all health facilities and imaging centres that cater to stroke patients. Data are ICD coded, verified, and completed by obtaining survival status of registered patients. IT tools are used for data collection,management and analysis. The NSRP shall establish a standardized stroke surveillance system that would reliably measure stroke incidence, subtypes, treatment patterns, complications, disability, case fatality, and survival. This evidence shall inform health planning of stroke interventions and control activities. It would facilitate improvement in stroke services to improve quality of care and outcomes of stroke. A thrust for research on stroke would be encouraged based on evidence-based hypothesis generation.
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Dobrokhleb, Valentina G., and Marina P. Pisklakova-Parker. "METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH OF GENDER ASPECTS OF EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 3-4 (2019): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2019-3-4-01.
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Dobrokhleb, Valentina G., Natalya A. Kondakova, and Marina P. Pisklakova-Parker. "METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH OF GENDER ASPECTS OF EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 5 (2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2019-5-01.
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BILETSKA, Iryna. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR RESEARCHING THE ENVIRONMENT OF SOCIAL RESILIENCE OF THE POPULATION OF THE REGION." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 310, no. 5(1) (September 29, 2022): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-310-5(1)-28.
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The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for researching the environment of social resilience of the population of the region. The study reveals the relevance of the problem of forming a methodology for analyzing socio-economic systems using the example of the environment of social resilience of the population, which is understood as the quality of the social system of the region in the sense of its ability to prevent the realization of human risks and threats that lead to a decrease in its social security. The methodology was developed to assess the social resilience of the population of the Carpathian region of Ukraine. To assess the environment of social resilience, 31 determinants were selected, grouped into four groups: (1) employment, income, living conditions, (2) social security, (3) social tension, (4) provision of social infrastructure. The author’s research methodology involves the implementation of 5 stages: the formation of homogeneous dynamic data series; determination of dynamic weighting coefficients of indicators within each group; calculation of weighted coefficients of indicators; construction of weighted coefficients of subsystems (groups); construction of the integral coefficient of the medium. It is shown that the determining determinants of the social resilience of the regions are the system of indicators of socio-economic vulnerability of the population, the strengthening of which leads to the emergence of new and strengthening of current social risks and threats in different time periods. It is proved that social resilience, as opposed to social vulnerability, characterizes the measure of the ability of the population and its individual groups to independently satisfy their needs and realize their own social rights in the conditions that have develop. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the further development of the methodology for analyzing complex socio-economic systems, in particular in the field of quality of life and strengthening the social resilience of the region’s population.
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Lawes, Jasmin C., Lea Uebelhoer, William Koon, Luke Strasiotto, Frederic Anne, Shane Daw, Robert W. Brander, Nick Mulcahy, and Amy E. Peden. "Understanding a population: A methodology for a population-based coastal safety survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): e0256202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256202.
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Drowning is a global public health problem, but accurately estimating drowning risk remains a challenge. Coastal drowning comprises a significant proportion of the drowning burden in Australia and is influenced by a range of behavioural factors (e.g. risk perception, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours) that are poorly understood. These factors, along with those that impact exposure (e.g. coastal visitation and activity participation) all impact on drowning risk. While excellent mortality and morbidity data exists in Australia, a lack of coastal participation data presents challenges to identifying high-risk groups or activities and prioritising prevention efforts. This methods paper describes the development and evolution of an ongoing, annual, nationally representative online survey as an effective tool used to capture valuable data about the Australian population’s relationship with the coast. This paper explores how the survey is structured (12–14 sections spanning multiple topics and themes), the different question types used (including open text, 4-digit responses and categorical questions), the sample size (1400–1600 respondents), sampling strategy (using demographic quota sampling which can then be post-weighted to the population if required) and how topics and themes have changed over time to enhance the quality of data collected (i.e., wording changes to enhance participant comprehension or data usability and changing issue-specific ‘feature’ topics of interest such as campaign evaluation). How the survey is implemented online is described, both practically through to third-party recruitment processes and ethically to maximise anonymity of respondents and ensure data quality. Interim analyses indicate the impact of considering exposure when calculating fatal drowning rates, especially by activity (e.g., crude boating drowning rate 0.12 per 100,000 population vs 0.95 per 100,000 exposed population [relative risk = 8.01; 95% confidence interval: 4.55–14.10]). This study highlights lessons learned in the process of conducting a nationally representative coastal participation survey as well as the strengths and limitations of adopting this approach. Data collected will provide more detailed information on the skills, behaviours, knowledge and attitudes of coastal activity participants. Analyses of this unique dataset will inform research that will underpin development and evaluation of coastal drowning prevention initiatives prioritising those most at risk. It is hoped that the methods detailed within this study may be useful for other countries to develop similar approaches to understanding their own population.
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Zuberi, Tukufu, Evelyn J. Patterson, and Quincy Thomas Stewart. "Race, Methodology, and Social Construction in the Genomic Era." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 661, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215589718.
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DNA segments can be used to distinguish among individuals and populations, but such differentiation of the population is not consistent with any known system of racial classification. In this article we elaborate on this core idea and discuss how it should influence genetic and genomic research on health and prisons in the United States. For studies involving racial classification and inequality, we provide methodological recommendations for addressing both the structure of race and gene expression of individuals and groups.
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Krivenko, Natalya. "Raising the level of the regional healthcare development." Population 24, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.4.10.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the possibilities of change management in the regional health care system. The research methodology includes the provisions of theories of change management, innovation management, concepts of organizational development, strategic management. The author's approach to managing changes in the Russian healthcare system at the regional level was developed using a systemic, multilevel, integrative, interdisciplinary approach, methods of comparative, factor analysis, instrumental methods of statistics. The study revealed shortcomings of the management systems in the healthcare during the pandemic. Proposed current approaches to change management, author's approach to their assessment in regional health care. The studies carried out show the high potential of the Russian medical science, the sanitary and epidemiological service, the rapid adaptation of the healthcare system in the face of the challenges associated with the pandemic. Along with the success of the Russian healthcare, serious problems have been identified in the management of the industry, including due to insufficient resource provision. A conclusion is made about the possibilities of increasing the level of development of the regional healthcare as a result changes in the industry through integration of medical science and practical healthcare, active implementation of innovations, digitalization, public-private partnership tools that contribute to preservation of the human potential and strengthening the socio-demographic, economic security of the region.
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BIL, М. M. "Migration Mobility of the Population in Economic Research: Theoretical Aspects." Demography and social economy 1 (April 22, 2022): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dse2022.01.088.
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Migration issues need more extensive coverage in fundamental studies. One of the important tasks is to specify the conceptual and terminological apparatus of migration research and eliminate discussions in the migration thesaurus, in particular on the content of migration as a mobility form. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the content of migration mobility of the population as a fundamental economic category that forms the theoretical foundations of migration research with the separation of a new migration science. The scientific novelty is the substantiation of the basic provisions of migration studies and the specification of its migration thesaurus in terms of determining the content of migration mobility. The methodological basis of the study is a dialectical approach, abstract-logical method, method of systematization and generalization, the use of which allowed to formulate the basic provisions of migration and clarify its conceptual and terminological apparatus. The formation of migration studies is confirmed by the conclusions of leading economists and demographers. Migration studies accumulates knowledge, approaches to analysis and practical recommendations for migration regulation. Given the complexity of the migration essence, migration studies is formed as a science-interdisciplinary synthesis at the junction of socioeconomics, demography, spatial science and regional studies. The issues of migration studies develop the following directions: fundamental migration studies, which determines the basic provisions for understanding mig ration in the indicator-factor complex, based on migration theories, concepts, principles, mig ration terminology; analytical migration studies, which reveals the methodology of analyzing migration in terms of causes, conditions, trends; migration qualiology, which emphasizes the methodology of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the migration impact on various phenomena and processes. The main branches of migration studies are economic, demographic, social and political, the results of which comprehensively reveal the possibilities of solving the migration problem by ensuring a positive consequence for person, society and state. The development of migration research requires deepening and modernization of the methodology of migration analysis with the correct use of terminology. In the migration thesaurus there are a number of similar concepts, each of which has specifics. Based on terminological contra dictions, the main approaches to understanding migration as phenomenon, process, system, sign and form of mobility are generalized. The multifaceted concept of migration mobility of the population raises the scientific and practical value of its research. In this regard, the content of migration mobility is revealed, its spatio-temporal, causal and consequential characteristics in the context of the impact on human development are specified, and the prospects for improving methodological approaches to analyzing youth mobility are indicated.
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Suchocka, Lilia, Katarzyna Jaroszek, Elena Medvedeva, Angelika Szczepanik, and Maigorzata Pasek. "The quality and meaning of life of cancer patients in remission: socio-psychological aspects." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.7.
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The sense of the meaning of life is a subjectively felt, positive mental state. Suffering in chronic illness intensifies in a human being the sense of isolation and gives rise to emotions with that an individual often cannot cope. Such experiences are characteristic of the process of cancer remission. The sense of coherence strengthens the sense of coping with disease, which increases prospects of recovery. The article presents the results of the authors' research (103 respondents) on the quality and meaning of life of cancer patients in remission: socio-psychological aspects, indicators of the categories of «meaning of life», «responsibility», «consistency», and the latter is dominant at the stage of cancer remission in the studied cohorts. The survey was conducted on the basis of the methodology developed by the authors using the «Goal in Life» test (PIL) by J. K. Crumbaugh and J.J. Smith. Maholicka, as well as «The sense of coherence» by A. Antonovsky (SOC-29). The study showed that the group under survey had a fairly high level of indicators of the categories «meaning of life», «responsibility», «consistency», which did not depend on when the respondents were diagnosed with cancer, as well as the fact that the studied indicators reached higher values in women than in men. Interpersonal factors «meaning of life» and «responsibility» were identified as dominant in the study of the quality and meaning of life in relation to other socio-psychological factors.
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Camic, Paul M., Emma Harding, Mary Pat Sullivan, Adetola Grillo, Roberta McKee-Jackson, Lawrence Wilson, Nikki Zimmermann, Emilie V. Brotherhood, and Sebastian J. Crutch. "Developing Poetry as a Research Methodology with Rarer Forms of Dementia: Four Research Protocols." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (January 2022): 160940692210813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221081377.
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People living with rarer forms of dementia tend to have progressive cognitive symptoms affecting skills other than memory and/or onset before the age of 65 years. They are often misdiagnosed and due to symptom profile or age of onset, do not usually fit well with care pathways designed for older people with typical Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia. Although the arts have been increasingly used as interventions to support people with dementia, there is very little attention given to rarer dementia forms in arts and health research or practice. The objective of the present international study seeks to systematically explore four diverse forms of poetry writing within this population through virtual and in-person small and large group formats. Our approach includes investigating poetic processes as methodology through the lens of an arts-based methodological approach in order to explore how poems construct knowledge and a felt experience. We will also use more traditional qualitative approaches to understand the experience of writing, reading and listening to poetry as an intervention that can be used with different rarer forms of dementia. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study to explore poetry using multiple research protocols. The results will have implications for methodology development, co-constructed poetic inquiry and multiple opportunities for involving poetry in supporting people with dementia and family members.
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Stundner, Ottokar, and Stavros G. Memtsoudis. "Outcomes Research in Perioperative Medicine." Advances in Anesthesiology 2014 (May 14, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/145853.
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Outcomes research is emerging as an invaluable approach to the scientific evaluation of healthcare in a real-world rather than an experimental environment. There is much interest in the differential evaluation of existing interventions with regard to different patient populations. Moreover, various comorbid conditions necessitate analysis for the specific additional risk those factors convey in the perioperative arena, a task often difficult to accomplish without population-based techniques. The authors' group has conducted significant work in perioperative outcomes research utilizing CER and database analysis methodology, with focus on orthopedic surgery and anesthesiology. Our research resulted in numerous publications affecting policy and patient care over the last number of years. Knowledge on immediate perioperative outcomes of anesthesia and surgery is of very high interest not only to clinicians but also to administrators and policymakers, as it allows for risk assessment and allocation of resources. This review is not intended to be a systematic review but rather to (1) provide a brief overview over the theoretical basis of CER and population-based database research, (2) give an overview of our work with various points of focus, and (3) offer a perspective on the future development in perioperative medicine.
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Camargo, Luís Marcelo Aranha, Romeu Paulo Martins Silva, and Dionatas Ulises De Oliveira Meneguetti. "Research methodology topics: Cohort studies or prospective and retrospective cohort studies." Journal of Human Growth and Development 29, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v29.9543.
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In health sciences, the epidemiological method can be divided into descriptive and analytical epidemiology and the latter being divided into observational (cross-sectional study, case-control study and cohort study) and experimental studies. Cohort studies may be retrospective or prospective, and both assume that the researcher will follow a population over time to seek a possible association between exposure (s) and outcome(s). These types of studies have as advantages the possibility of measuring several exposure factors and outcomes, both primary and secondary, for both relatively frequent outcomes and rare exposure factors. However, they are often long and therefore expensive studies. They have as main biases those of selection, memory and information. These are studies that may point to statistical associations between exposure and outcome that need other models to prove the casualty of these associations.
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Ilyniak, Sophia. "Make work methodology: Canadian homelessness research and its role in austerity." Radical Housing Journal 4, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54825/hjat4040.
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Observations from the frontlines of the Canadian homelessness research community demonstrate that it largely constitutes ‘make-work’: activities carried out to keep busy and thus, perpetuate the non-profit sector and maintain the status quo. It achieves this through its conceptualization of socio-economic issues and selection of acceptable questions—essentially, through its methodological decisions—which do little to challenge the forces that dispossess and displace people. The resulting policy and programmatic responses promote widely-accepted cost-saving ‘solutions’ to homelessness, and thus, state austerity, which ultimately deepens poverty. The cycle of make-work continues. Instead of upholding a private, competitive ‘population management industry,’ how can we produce knowledge that directly supports resistance to the common struggle of housing deprivation? Inverting the dominant methodology means accounting for who created, perpetuates and benefits from the housing crisis, not accounting for austerity’s sake.
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C Lizotte, Michelle, and Stacy C. Simplican. "Doctoral Students with Disabilities: Challenges in Academic Programs and Research Methodology." Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education 2 (2017): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3900.
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Aim/Purpose: Doctoral students with disabilities represent 5 to 10 percent of the graduate student population and, yet, research seldom documents their experiences. We propose a research agenda and methodological approaches that circumvent these limitations, including a substantive focus on universal design to measure graduate program’s awareness of disability, experimental methods to minimize response bias, and ways to redefine disability to improve recruitment of potential research subjects. Background: Research suggests that doctoral students with disabilities face different challenges than undergraduate students with disabilities and that graduate advisers are pivotal to their success. Existing literature has several limitations, including small sample sizes, a reliance on survey and interview data, little attention to issues of diversity within doctoral students with disabilities, and difficulty defining disability. Methodology: This article utilizes a systemic literature review (SLR) in order to describe the current state of both the research and the practice of doctoral students with disabilities. Contribution: This paper defines major gaps in the existing literature and addresses potential ways to address these gaps through research and practice. Findings: There are barriers for doctoral students with disabilities at every level of the process, which is not being addressed or remediated resulting in greater disadvantages and decreased successful outcomes. Recommendations for Practitioners: In this context, practitioners will refer to professionals employed at university disability centers and university faculty. Recommendations include disability awareness and resource training for university faculty and staff. Faculty can maintain open lines of communication with their students and advisees related to disability and accommodations as well as increasing program flexibility. Recommendation for Researchers: Research is critically needed regarding the experiences, needs, and outcomes of doctoral students with disabilities. This research needs to come from both the individuals, faculty, and systemic level of higher education. Impact on Society: Individuals with disabilities are the largest minority group in the United States. However, this population rarely receives the research, funding, services, and social attention paid to other marginalized groups. Future Research: Future research needs to utilize larger scale quantitative studies to obtain reliable data. Longitudinal information would greatly improve the information regarding outcomes for doctoral students with disabilities.
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Toledo, Renata Ferraz, Maria Cecília Focesi Pelicioni, Leandro Luiz Giatti, Luciana Pranzetti Barreira, Silvana Audrá Cutolo, Luciane Viero Mutti, Aristides Almeida Rocha, and Leonardo Rios. "Comunidade indígena na Amazônia: metodologia da pesquisa-ação em educação ambiental." O Mundo da Saúde 30, no. 4 (December 5, 2006): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.200630.4.5.
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Pitukhina, Maria, and Anastasia Belykh. "Prospects for the development of single-industry towns in the Russian Arctic." Population 25, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.16.
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Currently single-industry Arctic towns are facing a number of troublesome demographic trends: decline in the share of youth in the population structure, ageing of the population and reduction of the labor force in the labor market, general depopulation particularly characteristic of sparsely populated settlements. Concentration of people in big cities and "dying" of small towns in the Arctic are accompanied by huge demographic changes and increasing migration. Our study allows a comprehensive approach to studying 18 single-industry Arctic towns and settlements of the Russian Federation. The research is based on the methodology for assessment of demographic potential of territories developed by RAS Corresponding Member N. M. Rimashevskaya. Statistical data on single-industry Arctic towns and settlements was accumulated from Rosstat open sources for the period 2011-2020. These data concerned mainly demography, migration and labor market. Analysis of vacancies at three leading recruiting agencies of the Russian Federation — trudvsem, superjob, headhunter — helped to identify top-5 occupations in the Arctic single-industry towns. The occupations in demand were represented by both the number of vacancies the range of wages. Arctic residents' problems in 18 Arctic towns over the past year (starting from January 2021) were also analyzed via social networks. About 50 groups of VKontakte social network were examined to identify the main problems of concern to Arctic residents. These concerns can be divided into 3 types — social, economic and environmental. There are also some positive practices in the Arctic single-industry towns and settlements, such as volunteering and career guidance that gives hope for continuation of life there. In conclusion, there are put forward proposals to improve the system of management of sustainable development and modernization of the single-industry Arctic towns.
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Hall, Orman E., O. Trent Hall, John L. Eadie, Julie Teater, Joe Gay, Meelee Kim, Dennis Cauchon, and Rita K. Noonan. "Street-drug lethality index: A novel methodology for predicting unintentional drug overdose fatalities in population research." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 221 (April 2021): 108637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108637.
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Ahammed, Shaima. "The Essential Fit Between Qualitative Methodology and Emirati Population: Towards Meaningful Social Science Research in UAE." Social Epistemology 29, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 344–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2014.986556.
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Bauer, Greta R. "Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity." Social Science & Medicine 110 (June 2014): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022.
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Абдулагатов, Заид Магомедович. "On the Role of Philosophical Methodology in the Sociological Research of Religious Commitment of the Population." Islamovedenie 10, no. 3 (December 2019): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2019-10-3-8-19.
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Batechko, N., S. Shostak, R. Bereziuk, and V. Shostak. "Methodology of system analysis for research of energy efficiency problems in Ukraine." Energy and automation, no. 5(57) (November 24, 2021): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.05.062.
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The results of the research on the application of a systematic approach to solving energy efficiency problems in Ukraine are presented. The reasons for restraining the level of energy efficiency are highlighted, among which are the hollowing: ineffective policy of incentives to reduce energy consumption; lack of investments and conditions for their attraction; inefficient tariff and price policy in the energy sector of the economy, non-compliance with regulations, programs of various levels and measures. The need to increase the level of energy efficiency in Ukraine is substantiated and a system analysis is proposed to solve this problem. The methodology of systems analysis is implemented using a systems approach, in particular, to the interpretation of the process of energy efficiency development as an open, nonlinear, complex system. As an element of systems analysis, the study uses a multilevel approach, which provides an opportunity to consider the object of study at different hierarchical levels: the international community, state, industry, region and individual. It is noted that in order to successfully develop the progress of energy efficiency in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account global trends and recent large-scale changes in this area. Examples of progress realization at the state level are given, in particular, implementation of a large number of legal acts, a number of stimulating measures for energy saving, etc. The importance of the sectoral level to increase energy efficiency in Ukraine is indicated. The importance of energy efficiency potential at the regional level is emphasized, which can give a significant boost to its entire economy and significantly improve the lives of the population. The importance of optimizing the process of energy efficiency at the level of various institutions is presented; as one of the options for solving this problem, it is proposed to popularize its benefits both among the population and the individual. The multilevel approach to energy efficiency in Ukraine proposed in the study presupposes an integrated combination of efforts at different levels and a synergistic effect of solving the problem. Key words: energy efficiency, system, multilevel approach
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Lund, Adam, Sheila A. Turris, Ron Bowles, Malinda Steenkamp, Alison Hutton, Jamie Ranse, and Paul Arbon. "Mass-gathering Health Research Foundational Theory: Part 1 - Population Models for Mass Gatherings." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 6 (November 17, 2014): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001216.
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AbstractBackgroundThe science underpinning the study of mass-gathering health (MGH) is developing rapidly. Current knowledge fails to adequately inform the understanding of the science of mass gatherings (MGs) because of the lack of theory development and adequate conceptual analysis. Defining populations of interest in the context of MGs is required to permit meaningful comparison and meta-analysis between events.ProcessA critique of existing definitions and descriptions of MGs was undertaken. Analyzing gaps in current knowledge, the authors sought to delineate the populations affected by MGs, employing a consensus approach to formulating a population model. The proposed conceptual model evolved through face-to-face group meetings, structured breakout sessions, asynchronous collaboration, and virtual international meetings.Findings and InterpretationReporting on the incidence of health conditions at specific MGs, and comparing those rates between and across events, requires a common understanding of the denominators, or the total populations in question. There are many, nested populations to consider within a MG, such as the population of patients, the population of medical services providers, the population of attendees/audience/participants, the crew, contractors, staff, and volunteers, as well as the population of the host community affected by, but not necessarily attending, the event.A pictorial representation of a basic population model was generated, followed by a more complex representation, capturing a global-health perspective, as well as academically- and operationally-relevant divisions in MG populations.ConclusionsConsistent definitions of MG populations will support more rigorous data collection. This, in turn, will support meta-analysis and pooling of data sources internationally, creating a foundation for risk assessment as well as illness and injury prediction modeling. Ultimately, more rigorous data collection will support methodology for evaluating health promotion, harm reduction, and clinical-response interventions at MGs. Delineating MG populations progresses the current body of knowledge of MGs and informs the understanding of the full scope of their health effects.LundA, TurrisSA, BowlesR, SteenkampM, HuttonA, RanseJ, ArbonP. Mass-gathering health research foundational theory: part 1 - population models for mass gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(6):1-7.
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Casteel, Alex, and Nancy Bridier. "Describing Populations and Samples in Doctoral Student Research." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 16 (2021): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4766.
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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present clear definitions of the population structures essential to research, to provide examples of how these structures are described within research, and to propose a basic structure that novice researchers may use to ensure a clearly and completely defined population of interest and sample from which they will collect data. Background: Novice researchers, especially doctoral students, experience challenges when describing and distinguishing between populations and samples. Clearly defining and describing research structural elements, to include populations and the sample, provides needed scaffolding to doctoral students. Methodology: The systematic review of 65 empirical research articles and research texts provided peer-reviewed support for presenting consistent population- and sample-related definitions and exemplars. Contribution: This article provides clear definitions of the population structures essential to research, with examples of how these structures, beginning with the unit of analysis, are described within research. With this defined, we examine the population subsets and what characterizes them. The proposed writing structure provides doctoral students a model for developing the relevant population and sample descriptions in their dissertations and other research. Findings: The article describes that although many definitions and uses are relatively consistent within the literature, there are epistemological differences between research designs that do not allow for a one-size-fits-all definition for all terms. We provide methods for defining populations and the sample, selecting a sample from the population, and the arguments for and against each of the methods. Recommendations for Practitioners: Social science research faculty seek structured ways in which to present key research elements to doctoral students and to provide a model by which they may write the dissertation. The article offers contemporary examples from the peer-reviewed literature to support these aims. Recommendation for Researchers: Novice researchers may wish to use the recommended framework within this article when developing the relevant section of the dissertation. Doing so provides an itemized checklist of writing descriptions, ensuring a more complete and comprehensive description of the study population and sample. Impact on Society: The scientific method provides a consistent methodological approach to researching and presenting research. By reemphasizing the definitions and applications of populations and samples in research, and by providing a writing structure that doctoral students may model in their own writing, the article supports doctoral students’ growth and development in using the scientific method. Future Research: Future researchers may wish to further advance novice researcher knowledge in developing models to guide dissertation writing. Future studies may focus on other essential areas of research, including studies about recruitment methods and attrition strategies, data collection procedures, and overall research alignment. Additionally, future researchers may wish to consider evaluating doctoral student foundational knowledge about populations and samples as part of the research process.
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Balogh, Robert, Helen Leonard, Jenny Bourke, Kate Brameld, Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, Emma Glasson, et al. "Data Linkage: Canadian and Australian Perspectives on a Valuable Methodology for Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 57, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-57.5.439.
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Abstract Data linkage holds great promise for generating new information about people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) as a population, yet few centers have developed the infrastructure to utilize this methodology. Two examples, from Canada and Australia, describe their efforts in building data linkage capabilities, and how linked databases can be used to identify persons with IDD and used for population-based research. The value of data linkage is illustrated through new estimates of prevalence of IDD; health service utilization patterns; associations with sociodemographic characteristics, and with physical and mental health conditions (e.g., chronic diseases, injury, fertility, and depression); and findings on equity in medical treatments. Examples are provided of findings used for governmental policy and program planning.
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João Gilberto Corrêa da Silva. "Experimental research." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1152.
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Explanatory research has the goal of verifying a scientific hypothesis regarding the causal relationship between a set of response characteristics and a set of explanatory characteristics of a target population. The experiment is the explanatory research method par excellence. In the experiment, the researcher chooses the levels of one or more explanatory characteristics, associates these levels with the units of the sample by a random process and controls the presence of extraneous characteristics. Thus, the confounding of the effects of extraneous characteristics with the effects of the explanatory characteristics is reduced and its bias is avoided. This sample control has consequences relevant to inferences. This paper outlines the evolution of experimental research, makes a characterization of the experiment, describes the experimental research process and highlights the importance of considering statistical methodology in this process.
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Nagaytsev, Victor V., Angelina N. Shrayber, and Valentina A. Artyukhina. "Social protest in the Altai Territory: research experience in the methodology of social conflict." Siberian Socium 4, no. 4 (2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2020-4-4-41-53.
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This article studies the phenomenon of social protest in the Altai Territory. The authors present the data from a sociological study on this issue conducted in 2018-2020. The main method of empirical research was a survey of the population in various territories of the region, which revealed the real and potential level of protest activity of citizens. This article considers the process of formation and development of protest as a special form of social conflict, studying the influence of a complex of factors on the formation of protest moods, as well as the real protest behavior of the population. The authors show the social nature of protest, which is based on contradictions in the interests of various social groups in the regional society. In the authors’ understanding, the protest behavior is represented as individual or collective actions of subjects demonstrating dissatisfaction with the existing situation in society. The significance of the research lies in the understanding of social protest as a form of conflict. This article deals with problems related to various scientific interpretations of the essence and content of social protest, traditional and non-classical methodological approaches to determining its essence and content. Attention is paid to the functions of protest, the constructive orientation of some protest actions of civil activists, and the extent to which the protest behavior of the population affects various aspects of the life of the regional society. In the course of the research, the following components of social protest in the region were analyzed: the real and potential level; causes; and the forms of manifestation, among others. As it turned out in the course of the study, social protest actions in regional society are one-time and situational in nature, and they can be prevented and regulated. The authors conclude that the lack of effective mechanisms for managing the protest behavior of social actors in regional society can lead to the most unfavorable social consequences — an increased conflict between different levels of subjects, increased tension, aggravation of social problems and other crisis phenomena in society. The conclusions are also formulated, according to which the reason for the protest is the rejection of certain subjects of the current social situation in society, dissatisfaction with various aspects of their life.
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Farr, Deeonna E., Darian A. Battle, and Marla B. Hall. "Using Facebook Advertisements for Women’s Health Research: Methodology and Outcomes of an Observational Study." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): e31759. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31759.
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Background Recruitment of diverse populations for health research studies remains a challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges by limiting in-person recruitment efforts and placing additional demands on potential participants. Social media, through the use of Facebook advertisements, has the potential to address recruitment challenges. However, existing reports are inconsistent with regard to the success of this strategy. Additionally, limited information is available about processes that can be used to increase the diversity of study participants. Objective A Qualtrics survey was fielded to ascertain women’s knowledge of and health care experiences related to breast density. This paper describes the process of using Facebook advertisements for recruitment and the effectiveness of various advertisement strategies. Methods Facebook advertisements were placed in 2 rounds between June and July 2020. During round 1, multiple combinations of headlines and interest terms were tested to determine the most cost-effective advertisement. The best performing advertisement was used in round 2 in combination with various strategies to enhance the diversity of the survey sample. Advertisement performance, cost, and survey respondent data were collected and examined. Results In round 1, a total of 45 advertisements with 5 different headlines were placed, and the average cost per link click for each headline ranged from US $0.12 to US $0.79. Of the 164 women recruited in round 1, in total 91.62% were eligible to complete the survey. Advertisements used during recruitment in round 2 resulted in an average cost per link click of US $0.11. During the second round, 478 women attempted the survey, and 87.44% were eligible to participate. The majority of survey respondents were White (80.41%), over the age of 55 years (63.94%), and highly educated (63.71%). Conclusions Facebook advertisements can be used to recruit respondents for health research quickly, but this strategy may yield participants who are less racially diverse, more educated, and older than the general population. Researchers should consider recruiting participants through other methods in addition to creating Facebook advertisements targeting underrepresented populations.
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Tonkikh, Natalia. "Parental well-being: Russian women's view." Population 25, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.4.
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The article presents the results of a qualitative sociological study using the author's technology in order to conceptualize the phenomenon of parental well-being. The methodology of the study is based on the generalization of the theoretical provisions of parenthood and family well-being. It is concluded that parental well-being as a factor of demographic processes has not been studied enough, the concept of parental well-being has vague contours, there is no detailed formulation of its content and basic elements. In May — July 2022, on the results of an online survey there were collected and processed empirical data based on the responses of women (N = 335) to the open question "What do you associate with the concept of "parental well-being"? Write one or two phrases/sentences." The respondents' responses were processed using semantic content analysis. The word "happiness" was used in 18.8% of the responses received. Thematic coding was applied, individual and collective trajectories of meanings were identified. There are 10 collective trajectories combined in the author's system of markers of parental well-being. The frequency of markers mentioning in women's responses was calculated, that made it possible to identify key, basic markers: relationships with children (32.5%); well-being and success of children (29.6%); health (28.4%); security: income, work, housing (19.1%); emotional state of parents (10.4%); time (8.4%). Childless women were 3 times less likely to mention the topic "Well-being and success of children", but they are much more likely to associate parental well-being with finances and the ability to provide everything necessary for children. It makes sense to take these results into account when forming programs to popularize parenthood among young people. The author has formulated a "working" definition of the concept of parental well-being, substantiated the need for further research to clarify it on the basis of surveys of men using a similar technology. The practical value of the system of basic markers of parental well-being lies in the possibilities of its application for further development of the sample survey program "Digitalization of employment, fertility and parental well-being".
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Beeson, W. Lawrence, Paul K. Mills, Roland L. Phillips, Mieko Andress, and Gary E. Fraser. "Chronic disease among seventh-day adventists, a low-risk group. Rationale, methodology, and description of the population." Cancer 64, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 570–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19890801)64:3<570::aid-cncr2820640303>3.0.co;2-4.
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De Silva, Mary J., Sujit D. Rathod, Charlotte Hanlon, Erica Breuer, Dan Chisholm, Abebaw Fekadu, Mark Jordans, et al. "Evaluation of district mental healthcare plans: The PRIME consortium methodology." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, s56 (January 2016): s63—s70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.153858.
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BackgroundFew studies have evaluated the implementation and impact of real-world mental health programmes delivered at scale in low-resource settings.AimsTo describe the cross-country research methods used to evaluate district-level mental healthcare plans (MHCPs) in Ethiopia, India, Nepal, South Africa and Uganda.MethodMultidisciplinary methods conducted at community, health facility and district levels, embedded within a theory of change.ResultsThe following designs are employed to evaluate the MHCPs: (a) repeat community-based cross-sectional surveys to measure change in population-level contact coverage; (b) repeat facility-based surveys to assess change in detection of disorders; (c) disorder-specific cohorts to assess the effect on patient outcomes; and (d) multilevel case studies to evaluate the process of implementation.ConclusionsTo evaluate whether and how a health-system-level intervention is effective, multidisciplinary research methods are required at different population levels. Although challenging, such methods may be replicated across diverse settings.
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Escuder-Bueno, I., J. T. Castillo-Rodríguez, S. Zechner, C. Jöbstl, S. Perales-Momparler, and G. Petaccia. "A quantitative flood risk analysis methodology for urban areas with integration of social research data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 9 (September 12, 2012): 2843–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2843-2012.
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Abstract. Risk analysis has become a top priority for authorities and stakeholders in many European countries, with the aim of reducing flooding risk, considering the population's needs and improving risk awareness. Within this context, two methodological pieces have been developed in the period 2009–2011 within the SUFRI project (Sustainable Strategies of Urban Flood Risk Management with non-structural measures to cope with the residual risk, 2nd ERA-Net CRUE Funding Initiative). First, the "SUFRI Methodology for pluvial and river flooding risk assessment in urban areas to inform decision-making" provides a comprehensive and quantitative tool for flood risk analysis. Second, the "Methodology for investigation of risk awareness of the population concerned" presents the basis to estimate current risk from a social perspective and identify tendencies in the way floods are understood by citizens. Outcomes of both methods are integrated in this paper with the aim of informing decision making on non-structural protection measures. The results of two case studies are shown to illustrate practical applications of this developed approach. The main advantage of applying the methodology herein presented consists in providing a quantitative estimation of flooding risk before and after investing in non-structural risk mitigation measures. It can be of great interest for decision makers as it provides rational and solid information.
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Bratko, I., J. Demšar, D. Smrke, and V. Stankovski. "Induction of Hypotheses Concerning Hip Arthroplasty: A Modified Methodology for Medical Research." Methods of Information in Medicine 40, no. 05 (2001): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634198.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Objectives: The objective of this study is to advocate a methodology for medical research that, in contrast to traditional medical methodology, exploits the flexibility of machine learning and retains the kind of statistical tests that are generally accepted in the medical field for the confirmation of hypotheses. Methods: First, the medical problem is defined and data for an observed population are collected; then a machine learning tool is used to generate hypotheses regarding the problem; finally, statistical methods are used to determine the validity of the generated hypotheses. Results: To illustrate this approach, the problem of defining indications for hip arthroplasty after an acute medial femoral neck fracture is investigated as a case study. Conclusions: The methodology is similar to the usual style of applying machine learning, but insists on a link to the techniques of statistical tests that are normally used in medicine. It aims at a more flexible and economical use of experimental data than in the usual medical research, which is enabled by techniques of machine learning. At the same time, by reference to traditional statistical tests, it is hoped that this approach will lead to improved acceptance of machine learning in the medical field.