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1
Gao, Mingzheng 1965. "Population policy and urban housing in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66389.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).
This thesis will focus on how urban housing design reflects the new one-child family population policy in the traditional urban context in Beijing, China. The population policy has changed the size and structure of traditional family, and further affected children's growing up environment. Children, used to grow up in a joint family of three generations in a traditional courtyard house, now have isolated by apartment box. The traditional social and spatial relationships among children, families, and neighbors have been extremely weakened. My intention is to restore the lost relationships for lonely children in a high density residential complex. This complex, transformed from the traditional single story courtyard house, becomes one big house, where all neighbors live under one roof as one big family. As a consequence, children in a one child family still have the same feeling of multi generations living together as their old generations had before.
by Mingzheng Gao.
M.Arch.
2
Wu, Xiaoyu. "Population policy and human capital accumulation in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3325170.
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White, Blanche Tyrene. "Population policy and rural reform in China, 1977-1984 : policy implementation and interdependency at the local level /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18453887.html.
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陳秀紅 and Sau-hung June Chan. "Population mobility and government policies in Post-Mao China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893818.
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Yan, Che. "Reproduction within different population policy environments in rural China 1979-2000." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2011. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2242003/.
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This study uses data from National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey undertaken in 2001, systematic reviews of provincial policy fertility in 1990s, information on the nature of family planning (FP) services at grassroots institutions and a new measure of women's son preference, to advance knowledge of determinants of reproduction in rural China. The main statistical methods in this study include latent class analysis, life table, parity progression ratio, multilevel logistic regression and multilevel Poisson regression. The analysis is performed within groups of provinces according to their population policy (I-child, 1.5-child and 2-child). The results showed that fertility rate was closely related to China's population policy: the stricter the policy, the lower the fertility rate. By the end of the last century, fertility rates for the three types of provinces were close to respective policy fertility, indicating a success of China's population policy. However, strict population policy increased risks of abortion and imbalance in sex ratio at birth (SRB), particularly the rising sex ratio of second births in 1.5-child provinces. Variations in availability of specific FP methods by local services did not play a leading role in reducing fertility level, risk of abortion and imbalanced SRB. Son preference at province or individual level had strong impacts on progression to second birth, risk of abortion, and SRB, but the effects vary between types of provinces. Effects of other individual characteristics, i.e., couples' age, women's education, sex of existing child, on reproduction are also explored and discussed in this study. It can be concluded that strict implementation of population policy was the dominant influence on fertility levels but it also raised risk of abortion and imbalance in SRB in rural China. For these and other reasons, China needs to relax its I-child and 1.5-child policies immediately.
6
Qin, Min. "Evolution of family planning policy and its impact on population change in China." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397640/.
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Hou, Xueyuan 1983. "One-Child Families in Urban Dalian: A Case Study of the Consequences of Current Family Planning Practices in China." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9912.
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xi, 94 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Implemented as one of the basic national polices of China since 1978, the one-child policy has brought both advantages and disadvantages to one-child families in urban China. This thesis explores the various consequences of current family planning practices in urban Dalian. It explains the ways in which the implementation of the policy has influenced urban one-child families' everyday life and how parents and single children handle the policy. Urban parents have accepted the state requirement for limited births and have adopted new child-rearing practices to raise their "only hope" in the changing socioeconomic context. Single children receive comprehensive parental attention and support and are widely considered as spoiled "little emperors/empresses". But at the same time they experience great pressure to perform with academic excellence in order to be capable to excel in the competition of the global market economy. Gender norms are in transition. Urban single daughters are empowered by the benefits brought by low fertility produced by the policy. As the first generation of single children grows up, their families are now confronted with the crucial issue of the "four-two-one" (four grandparents, two parents, one child) problem, which impacts the future of the one-child policy.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Ina Asim, Chair; Dr. Kathie Carpenter; Dr. Alisa Freedman
8
Shi, Tao. "One woman, one child : the implications of the one-child-family policy for Chinese women." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4286.
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Since few studies have explicitly focused on the impact of China's one-child-family policy on Chinese women, this thesis is designed to explore this aspect. The implication of the policy for both urban and rural women is studied, particularly its influence on women's fertility behavior, labor roles, and on social, health and family status. The focus of the study is to explore the changes of women's lives associated with the one-child-family policy, and advantages and disadvantages, even contradictions the policy has brought to women's lives.
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Wong, Oi-ling Irene, and 黃愛玲. "Medical ecology of inpatient service utilization in Hong Kong: a population survey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971337.
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Löfstedt, Petra. "Changing reproductive patterns in rural China the influence of policy and gender /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-554-2/.
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Vargovčíková, Lucie. "Dopady populační politiky Číny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192533.
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The diploma thesis deals with the impacts of China's population policy. Thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first one discusses the characteristics of population policy in general, mainly the concept and definition of population policy's types and instruments and also the current practices in the world. The second chapter deals with the characteristics of population policy in China from the historical point of view. There is also a description of the registration system "hukou" and exemptions from the population policy. The second chapter also describes the impacts of China's population policy. The last chapter is devoted to the population aging with an explanation of aging in China and comparison of aging in China with aging in Japan.
12
Gu, Sun Tianlun, and 顧孫天倫. "The impact of health care policies on the health status of the population of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123088X.
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Hon, Hin-yan, and 韓憲茵. "Education policy in response to a declining student population in HongKong: a study of the voluntary optimisationof class structure scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50255137.
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Luo, Jianguo, and n/a. "A communication analysis of China's family planning campaigns." University of Canberra. Communication, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060818.162031.
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In China, April 13, 1989 was marked as the "1.1 Billion Population Day."
Though it has become the first "demographic billionaire" in the world, China
has obtained remarkable results in population control. According to the
statement issued by China's National Bureau of Statistics in 1987, the
natural population growth rate dropped from 25.83 per thousand in 1970 to
11.28 per thousand in 1985. This has been viewed as an achievement not
previously seen in any other population.
In the past four decades, the Chinese government has adopted a population
policy to organize the fertility transition in a planned way through
education, motivation and persuasion. Five communication campaigns have been
instituted to implement the policy. The successive family planning campaigns
have played a vital role in educating and persuading individuals to accept
the new fertility norms advocated by the government.
In the communication processes of these campaigns, the strategies used have
changed from the media-oriented strategy of the first campaign, to the
introduction of an interpersonal approach in the second followed by an
integration of media, interpersonal and organisational communication in the
three latest campaigns.
The integration of the media and interpersonal communication approaches was
achieved through group discussion sessions and home visits, in which media
messages were mediated and interpreted as a reinforcement to media impact.
The group dynamics in the interpersonal communication has played an important
role in changing individuals' attitudes towards and behaviour of family
planning.
As a campaign is an organized activity which requires organizational channels
to ensure the conduct of the activity and the flow of information, a
well-established organization hierarchy for family planning work has
facilitated the management of family planning campaigns and also been
regarded as a fundemental element to the success of the later campaigns.
15
Lam, Mei-yee, and 林美儀. "Community support facilities planning for an aging population in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259716.
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Chan, Kit-chu Winky, and 陳潔珠. "Density and design: high density private residential development in Hong Kong (TaiKoo Shing and Mei Foo SunChuen)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258165.
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Moretti, Francesca. "One-child policy: how China's past is shaping its future." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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China’s infamous One-Child policy taught us how far the CPC (Communist Party of China) is willing to go to ensure that critical political demands are met. The Party has been all about population control since a little after the mid-twentieth century and now, at a time when the political and social sentiment towards birth-control methods and abortions in western societies are radically changing and floating towards more conservative ideals, the fear that the anti-natalist State power in China might reverse to extreme pro-natalist policies may become a reality in a matter of a few years or a couple decades.
This thesis will start by illustrating the phenomena that caused one of the most memorable and wide-scale “violation of sexual and reproductive rights” (as described by Amnesty International) to be put into effect: the One-Child Policy. While some still proclaim it was a necessary mean to reach the current state of booming economy and prosperity that China now enjoys, others are starting to question the need for such strict measures.
After a brief historical dissertation on the subject, this paper is going to discuss the consequences that this policy had on today’s Chinese society and will further analyse what these could possibly entail for the future of the country and its citizens.
Moreover, a translation analysis of some of the subtitles made for the documentary “One Child Nation” is going to be presented, along with the theory behind it.
The aim of the thesis is to provide an insight into this delicate and intricate matter: the reasons it was implemented, how the Party decided to carry it out and what this means and will mean for China.
18
Yuxin, Cui. "Difficulties in the Implementation of the Chinese Government's Comprehensive Second- Child Public Policy." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21705.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasAs China's basic national policy, the one-child policy has been in place for over 30 years, and the population has been effectively controlled. However, with the development of society, the implementation of this policy gave rise to problems such as the decline in the fertility rate, the sharp decrease in the working age population and the worsening of population aging. Since implementing the second child policy in 2016, the number of births has increased by 1.3 million compared to 2015. However, since then, the policy's effect has not been obvious. The focus of this thesis was to analyze the factors that hinder the implementation of the second child policy in China. There was also an analysis of the implementation of the second child policy in the various provinces of China. For this analysis, official documents from the central government and provincial governments were collected and analyzed. The results show that the government only advocates increasing the fertility rate, but does not encourage it, and provincial governments have difficulties in implementing the second child policy due to local laws and regulations. As factors that hinder the implementation of the second child policy, personal factors (late marriage, career development, increased costs, cultural aspects and physical factors) and social factors (which include resources from public services, such as education and health care).
Como política nacional básica da China, a política de um filho foi implementada há mais de 30 anos, e a população tem sido efetivamente controlada. No entanto, com o desenvolvimento da sociedade, a implementação desta política originou problemas como o declínio da taxa de fecundidade, a acentuada diminuição da população em idade ativa e o agravamento do envelhecimento populacional. Desde a implementação da política do segundo filho em 2016, o número de nascimentos aumentou 1,3 milhão em relação a 2015. No entanto, desde então, o efeito da política não tem sido óbvio. O foco desta tese foi analisar os fatores que dificultam a implementação da política abrangente do segundo filho na China. Fez-se, também, a análise da implementação da política abrangente do segundo filho nas várias províncias da China. Para esta análise fez-se a recolha e análise de documentos oficiais do governo central e dos governos das províncias. Os resultados mostram que o governo só defende o aumento da taxa de fecundidade, mas não a incentiva e os governos das províncias têm dificuldades em implementar a política do segundo filho devido às leis e regulamentos locais. Como fatores que dificultam a implementação da política do segundo filho, foram identificados, fatores pessoais (casamento tardio, desenvolvimento da carreira, aumento dos custos) e fatores sociais (que incluem recursos dos serviços públicos, como a educação e assistência médica).
N/A
19
Li, Ying, Wei Zhang, Ting Ren, and Andrew Joyner. "Climate Change Impacts on Heat-Related Mortality in Large Urban Areas in China." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/17.
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Global climate change is anticipated to raise the overall temperatures and is likely to increase future mortality attributable to heat. China, a rapid developing nation with the world’s largest population, has experienced noticeable changes in climate over the past century, with an annual increase in air temperature by 0.5–0.8°C. While increasing evidence is suggesting that climate change has posed significant health risks to Chinese population, including heat-related mortality, the extent to which climate change will affect future mortality and the sources of uncertainty in projecting prospective changes in mortality remain unexplored. This working-in-progress study aims at estimating excess future premature deaths in large urban areas in China resulting from potential increases in temperature under climate change and investigating sources of uncertainty. We include 51 large Chinese cities in this study, which approximately one third of the total population in China. We use an integrated approach, which combines temperature predictions from climate models, local temperature-mortality relationship and population forecasting, to project the future excess mortality attributed to higher temperature during warm season. The poster presents the results of predicting temperature change during 2040-2050 relative to the baseline period 1950-2000 in the 51 cities selected. We ensemble outputs from 19 climate models used in the IPCC 5th Report, including outputs related to all four AR5 emission scenarios (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5).
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Skořepová, Kateřina. "Dopady regulace porodnosti na růst čínské ekonomiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192543.
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Apart from rapid economic growth, China has also experienced significant demographic changes over the past few decades. The People's Republic of China's family planning policies led to a sharp drop in the fertility rate. This MS Thesis aims to assess the possible consequences of the family planning policies on future growth of Chinese economy. The theoretical part defines population policy, assess the connections between population growth and economic growth and deals with the development of population theory over the years. The analytical part describes the family planning policy in China, its principles and instruments. Next it identifies the possible consequences of the demographic changes caused by the drop in fertility rate. The last part of the thesis focuses on two economically most severe consequences - population ageing and shrinking working age population - and evaluates its implications on future growth of Chinese economy.
21
Mai, Dan T. "Sustaining family life in rural China : reinterpreting filial piety in migrant Chinese families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e679650-a857-4f3c-a5c1-770a1bff848e.
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This study explores the changing nature of filial piety in contemporary society in rural China. With the economic, social and political upheavals that followed the Revolution, can 'great peace under heaven' still be found for the rural Chinese family as in the traditional Confucian proverb,"make yourself useful, look after your family, look after your country, and all is peaceful under heaven"? This study explores this question, in terms not so much of financial prosperity, but of non-tangible cultural values of filial piety, changing familial and gender roles, and economic migration. In particular, it examines how macro level changes in economic, social and demographic policies have affected family life in rural China. The primary policies examined were collectivisation, the hukou registration system, marketization, and the One-Child policy. Ethnographic interviews reveal how migration has affected rural family structures beyond the usual quantifiable economic measures. Using the village of Meijia, Sichuan province, as a paradigmatic sample of family, where members have moved to work in the cities, leaving their children behind with the grandparents, the study demonstrates how migration and modernization are reshaping familial roles, changing filial expectations, reshuffling notions of care-taking, and transforming traditional views on the value of daughters and daughters-in-law. The study concludes that the choices families make around migration, child-rearing and elder-care cannot be fully explained by either an income diversification model or a survival model, but rather through notions of filial piety. Yet the concept of filial piety itself is changing, particularly in relation to gender and perceptions about the worth of daughters and the mother/ daughter-in-law relationship. Understanding these new family dynamics will be important for both policy planners and economic analysts.
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Chang, Chiung-Fang. "Fertility patterns among the minority populations of China: A multilevel analysis." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1186.
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Sociological and demographic analyses of minority fertility in the United States have suggested that the processes of socioeconomic, cultural, marital, and structural assimilation will lead to convergence in fertility. So far, little research has used the assimilation approach to study the fertility of the minority populations of China, and also, no research has taken both individual-level and group-level characteristics as predictors.
Using micro-data from the One Percent 1990 Census of China, this dissertation performs multilevel analyses, hierarchical generalized linear modeling, to examine the effects of assimilation and the one-child policy at both the individual level and the group level on minority women's fertility.
Several patterns are found in the multilevel analyses. First, the contextual characteristics of minority groups have strong correlations with fertility across thirty major minority groups in China. It suggests that community power and subculture have strong influences on women's decisions regarding their number of children. Second, the effect of the one-child policy is positive and highly significant on minority women's fertility. However, the strong policy effect does not cover the effect of assimilation. After controlling for policy, the impact of all the assimilation predictors, at both the individual and group level, still remains statistically significant. At the individual level, minority women's educational level, occupational status, status of intermarriage, and migration status have significant and positive impacts on their fertility. At the group level, the levels of minority groups' residential segregation, educational segregation, illiteracy, intermarriage rate, and their Moslem group culture have significant and negative impacts on individual women's fertility. Third, several cross-level interactions in the rural models are not consistent with the complete models, which suggests that some indirect effects of assimilation on minority fertility may come from the urban minorities. Finally, in addition to the direct impacts of socioeconomic, marital, and cultural assimilation on minority fertility, several cross-level interactions are significant and indirectly affect women's fertility. Findings reported in this dissertation indicate a successful integration of individual and contextual variables in analyses of minority fertility. The results contribute to the understanding of the assimilation impacts on minority fertility in China.
23
Lynteris, Christos. "Epidemic events : state-formation, class struggle and biopolitics in three epidemic crises of modern China." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2150.
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Based on extended research on Chinese medical and epidemiological archival material dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, and on six months of internship in epidemiology in Beijing’s Medical School and in Haidian District’s Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, this thesis explores the conjunction of three major epidemiological crises in modern Chinese history with processes of State formation: the 1911 Manchurian pneumonic plague, the 1952 germ-warfare, and the 2003 SARS outbreak. Analysing the three crises as Events in line with Alain Badiou’s epistemology it seeks to establish how different strategies of governmental fidelity to the imagined cause of each crisis have led to distinct modes of organisation and valorisation of the social: Republican China and its decline to fascism; the clash between professional revolutionaries and technocrats in Maoist China; and the emergence of the “Harmonious Society” of mass exploitation and repression today. This conjunction between State formation and epidemiological Events is explored with the use of Foucault’s genealogical method in a quest for a historical materialist approach that posits at its epicentre processes of class composition, decomposition and recomposition, and their contested enclosure by the governmental apparati of capture. The present thesis thus examines the three major epidemiological crises of modern China as forming grounds for biopolitical strategies that give rise to modes of subjectivation and circuits of debt/guilt within the context of the class struggle. And at the same time, it aims to create a new field of investigation for anthropology: the relation of State and Event, from a viewpoint that contests the accepted relation of event and structure expounded by Marshall Sahlins, proposing as the main object of this investigation the conjunction between necessity and will that can never be reduced either to the naturalism of historical determinism, nor to the culturalism of subjective contingency.
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Wen, Xingyan. "Current and desired fertility : reflections on fertility decline in China." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/118130.
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This thesis compares women's current fertility with their fertility
preferences during the period of rapid fertility decline, with special reference to
Hebei and Shaanxi provinces and Shanghai municipality in China. It explores the
gap between the government's birth control targets and couples' individual
aspirations for children, the reasons for the differences, and the policy implications.
China’s powerful government and stringent population policy played a
crucial role in the radical and sustained fertility decline during the 1970s. Besides
socio-economic development and the transformation of the institutions, the ideology
of the leaders, the function of all political administrative and mass organizations,
and mass movements, were the major elements in the enforcement of China's
unique population policies that resulted in a dramatic fertility decline. Significant
changes in these aspects since the post-Mao reforms offer partial explanations for
the stalling of fertility decline in the 1980s.
Empirical evidence from the three reference regions suggests that the
fertility transition occurred in China with dramatic suddenness; the radical fertility
decline was triggered by the rapid spread of the government supported family
planning program, under the direction of the mandatory population policy. This is
particularly true in largely rural regions such as Hebei and Shaanxi where the
conditions of socio-economic development were not sufficient to induce a dramatic
and sustained fertility decline.
These gaps between current fertility, desired fertility, and the government
target fertility imply that a significant part of the achieved decline in fertility may
have been caused by unwilling submission to the pressure of the government birth
control policy; thus it can be considered an unstable level of fertility. Any
relaxation of the population policy and regulations could lead to a fertility rebound. The great effort of China's family planning programs somewhat reduced
couples' demand for children, but did not change their attitudes towards 'male
superiority'. Whether or not the third or higher order births can be eliminated is
crucial to the success of the further reduction of fertility. In Hebei and Shaanxi, the
strong birth control policy overrode the influence of some major socio-economic
characteristics of women with two children to go on to bear a third child, while son
preference became the most significant factor that continued to exert a great
influence on bearing the third child even during the period of vigorous birth control
campaigns; and the overall quantitative effect of sex preference on recent fertility
is substantial. Furthermore, the high and rising overall sex ratios at birth, and the
increasing sex ratios across parities seem to be the results of the confounding effect
of son preference and rigid birth control policy.
The custom of arranged marriage remains to some extent, particularly in
some inland regions such as Shaanxi, and betrothal during the teens is still
prevalent in largely rural regions; these are among major obstacles to the
acceptance of late marriage.
Consequently, the fertility decline was accompanied by a unique pattern of
fertility control with low fertility, but relatively low contraceptive effectiveness and
high incidence of induced abortion. This implies that China did successfully control
its fertility at the society level within a short period, but not yet at the individual
level in terms of couples' voluntary control of their reproductive behaviour. In the
long term, the attainment or continuation of low and stable fertility will have to
rely more strongly on fundamental changes in socio-economic development and
some elements of the traditional culture that favour higher fertility.
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Tao, Ran. "Urban and rural household taxation in China : measurement, economic analysis and policy implication /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3070220.
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ZHANG, Ping. "Women's rights protection and "one-child policy" in China." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26218.
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Award date: May 2009Supervisor: P.M. Dupuy
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis focuses on China’s women’s rights protection and analyzes China’s human rights practices in the past 30 years, especially family planning policy, which is the most controversial human rights issue of China. Why are the theories on this problem quite different between China and western world? The key task of this thesis is to answer this question. Also, this paper is to find out how the difference of human rights value and culture has influenced current human rights practices in different countries. Universal human rights have become the necessary foundation to make international and domestic affairs legal in politics, reasonable in law and correct in morality. The theories of universal human rights start with human basic dignity and value and can be divided into the universality of human rights value, universality of the object of human rights and the universality of human rights standard. Universal human rights should be based on the transcendental similarity of human nature and limited to the theory of rational cultural relativity. Human rights have taken up the heartland of international and domestic transactions but haven’t been defined by international and domestic human rights field in one unified way. In Chinese ancient mainstream and orthodox consciousness—Confucianism, there are many people-oriented principles. Chinese gorgeous ancient culture has its unique emphasis on human rights. In the humanitarianism tradition in Chinese Confucian culture represented by Confucius, the attitudes such as “treating people with kindheartedness”, “others first”, “if you want to stand stably, you must make others stand stably first; if you want to be best, you must make others best first”, “don’t impose your own personal views to others”. These all include unique attitudes of human rights. The core value in western culture is individualism and its view of human rights typically reflects this, but in China the value is collectivism, also this view reflects China’s current human rights practices. From the different views of human rights value, we can find out different results of the this problem. This thesis is try to utilize the comparative methodology to analyze China’s current human rights protection especially women’s rights protection, try to find out the gap between that of developed countries and China and try to give some advice for Chinese government on human rights protection.
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"The effect of family size on child quality: employing China's one child policy as a natural experiment." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894767.
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Li, Bingjing.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 21-22).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter II. --- Background --- p.4
Chapter 2.1 --- The One Child Policy in 1980s --- p.4
Chapter 2.2 --- Spatial Variation in Policy Enforcement Intensity --- p.6
Chapter III. --- Data and Identification Strategy --- p.6
Chapter 3.1 --- Data --- p.6
Chapter 3.2 --- Identification Strategy --- p.9
Chapter IV. --- Empirical Results --- p.10
Chapter 4.1 --- Effect of Policy Enforcement Intensity on Family Size --- p.10
Chapter 4.2 --- Effect of Policy Enforcement Intensity on Educational Attainment --- p.12
Chapter 4.3 --- Causal Effect of Family Size on Children's Educational Attainment --- p.14
Chapter V. --- Robustness --- p.16
Chapter 5.1 --- Sex Selection --- p.16
Chapter 5.2 --- Region-specific Changes in Educational Provision --- p.17
Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.18
Appendix --- p.20
References --- p.22
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"The one-child policy, sex ratios imbalance, and criminal behavior in China." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893311.
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Yi, Junjian.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-98).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- The Effect of the One-Child Policy on the Sex Ratios Imbalance in China --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Background --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.1 --- The One-Child Policy in China --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Increase of the Sex Ratio in China --- p.13
Chapter 1.3 --- Empirical Strategy and Data Description --- p.16
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Empirical Strategy --- p.16
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Data Description --- p.21
Chapter 1.4 --- Empirical Results --- p.25
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Basic Results --- p.25
Chapter 1.4.2 --- The Effect of the One-Child Policy by Registration Type --- p.29
Chapter 1.4.3 --- The Effect of the One-Child Policy by Birth Order --- p.32
Chapter 1.5 --- Sensitivity Analysis --- p.36
Chapter 1.5.1 --- The Dynamic Pattern of the DD estimates by Birth Year --- p.37
Chapter 1.5.2 --- The Geographic Pattern of the DD Estimates by Provinces and Autonomous Regions --- p.41
Chapter 1.6 --- Conclusion --- p.43
Chapter 2 --- The Effect of Sex Ratios Imbalance on Criminal Behavior --- p.45
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.46
Chapter 2.2 --- The Mechanism by which High Sex Ratios Increase Crime Rates --- p.53
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Demographic Composition Effect --- p.54
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Marriage Threshold Effect --- p.58
Chapter 2.3 --- Empirical Strategy and Data Description --- p.64
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Empirical strategy --- p.64
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Data Description --- p.67
Chapter 2.4 --- Empirical Results --- p.72
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Fixed Effects Estimation --- p.72
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Fixed Effects Instrumental Variables Estimation --- p.75
Chapter 2.5 --- Robust Tests --- p.82
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Measurement Error of Sex Ratios --- p.82
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Measurement Error of Crime Rates --- p.84
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Omitted Variables --- p.85
Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.86
29
"The Galor-Weil Model revisited: population control and the long-run development of China." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894860.
Full textAbstract:
Si-Tou, Wai Kit."September 2011."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract: --- p.2
摘要 --- p.3
Acknowledgements --- p.4
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.6
Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Galor-Weil Model --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- Basic Structure Model --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Preferences and Budget Constraints --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Optimization --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Parameterization and Simulation Results by Lagerlof --- p.16
Chapter 3.1 --- Parameterization and Full Dynamical System --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- Parameter Values and Simulation Results --- p.18
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Theoretical Analysis of the Effects of Exogenous Population Control Policy on the Dynamic System --- p.22
Chapter Chapter 5: --- Simulation Results using China's Data --- p.29
Chapter 5.1 --- Simulation Results with Exogenous Population Control --- p.31
Chapter 5.2 --- Simulation Results with Exogenous Population Control and Technological Shocks.. --- p.35
Chapter 5.3 --- Further Implications --- p.36
Chapter Chapter 6: --- Concluding Remarks --- p.38
Chapter Appendix A: --- Figures and Tables --- p.42
Chapter Appendix B: --- Sensitivity Test --- p.67
References: --- p.69
30
"A study of non-hukou migration in the Pearl River Delta of China in the 1990s." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890547.
Full textAbstract:
Poon Fung Ting.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-166).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ii
ABSTRACT --- p.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Research Questions --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Definitions --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- Research Design --- p.9
Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of the Thesis --- p.11
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AND THE LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.13
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.13
Chapter 2.2 --- Background of the Study --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- Literature Review --- p.28
Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.38
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SPATIAL PATTERNS OF NON-HUKOU MIGRANTS IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA --- p.41
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.41
Chapter 3.2 --- Proportion of Non-hukou Migrants --- p.44
Chapter 3.3 --- Distribution of Migrants --- p.47
Chapter 3.4 --- Sources of Migrants --- p.50
Chapter 3.5 --- The PRD as a Destination --- p.56
Chapter 3.6 --- Gender Ratio of Non-hukou Migrants --- p.64
Chapter 3.7 --- Spatial Patterns and Correlation of Migration Indicators --- p.67
Chapter 3.8 --- Summary --- p.79
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- ANALYZING THE DETERMINANTS OF NON-HUKOU POPULATION IN COUNTY-LEVEL AREAS --- p.83
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.83
Chapter 4.2 --- Method --- p.84
Chapter 4.3 --- Variables --- p.86
Chapter 4.4 --- The Results --- p.90
Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.102
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- IMPACTS OF NON-HUKOU MIGRANTS AND THE POLICY RESPONSES --- p.104
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.104
Chapter 5.2 --- The Trend of Non-hukou Migrants in PRD --- p.106
Chapter 5.3 --- Positive Impacts --- p.110
Chapter 5.4 --- Negative Impacts --- p.115
Chapter 5.5 --- Policy Responses --- p.121
Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.139
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.142
Chapter 6.1 --- Non-hukou Migration in PRD --- p.142
Chapter 6.2 --- Policy Responses --- p.147
Chapter 6.3 --- Suggestions for Further Research --- p.150
REFERENCES --- p.152
31
"An empirical analysis of gender bias in China." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890259.
Full textAbstract:
Lui Kin-wai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-171).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter I. --- Abstract --- p.i
Chapter II. --- Acknowledgement --- p.iv
Chapter III. --- Contents --- p.v
Chapter
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter II. --- Population Policy in PRC --- p.9
A Historical Review 9; Overview of the Fertility Rate and Population
Growth under the Population Policy in the Chinese Mainland 19; Impacts
of the Population Policy on Gender Issue 22; Conclusion28
Chapter III. --- Literature Review --- p.47
International Experience 47; Studies of Gender Preference in the Chinese
Mainland 53; Conclusion62
Chapter IV. --- Methodology and data --- p.67
Theoretical framework: Gender Preference from the Economic Perspective
67; Econometrics Models 75; Data95
Chapter V. --- Estimated Results --- p.107
Proxies for Gender Preference 107; Estimated Results of Model 1109;
Estimated Results of Model 2 116; Conclusion for the Estimated Results
Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.132
Appendix
Chapter 1. --- Definition of Indicators --- p.138
Chapter 2. --- Multinomial Logit model --- p.141
Chapter 3. --- Different Model Specifications --- p.144
Different Model Specifications for Model 1 144; Different Model
Specifications for Model2 152
Reference --- p.158
32
Čadyová, Barbora. "Populační politika v Číně." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347219.
Full textAbstract:
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
33
"Measurement and determinants of China's missing girls." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894377.
Full textAbstract:
Yang, Ling.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-79).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Abstract in Chinese --- p.ii
Acknowledgments --- p.iii
Contents --- p.iv
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.5
Chapter 3 --- Review of Major Findings --- p.9
Chapter 3.1 --- "Estimation of ""Missing Females""" --- p.9
Chapter 3.2 --- "Estimation of ""Missing Girls""" --- p.11
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Reverse Survival Methods --- p.12
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Reconstruction of Birth Cohort --- p.13
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Reported Death and Surviving Children --- p.14
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Projection Based on Fertility Level --- p.15
Chapter 4 --- "Decomposition of ""Missing Girls""" --- p.17
Chapter 5 --- Empirical Analysis --- p.20
Chapter 5.1 --- Choice of Variables --- p.20
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Choice of Model Life Table: xq*m0 and xq*f0 --- p.20
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Choice ofNatural Level of SRB: SRB* --- p.21
Chapter 5.1.3 --- "Determining the Reporting Ratio and Cohort Size: sm,x(x),sf,x(x), lm,x(x) and lf,x(x)" --- p.21
Chapter 5.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.26
Chapter 5.2.1 --- National-level Estimates --- p.26
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Provincial-Level Estimates --- p.28
Chapter 6 --- Regression Analysis --- p.35
Chapter 6.1 --- Model --- p.35
Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion of Explanatory Variables --- p.37
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Policy Implementation --- p.37
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Demographic Characters --- p.38
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Social-economic Development --- p.41
Chapter 6.3 --- Data and Descriptive Statistics --- p.42
Chapter 6.4 --- Estimation Results --- p.45
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Future Extension --- p.48
Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.49
Appendix --- p.50
Chapter A.l --- "Calculating Number of ""Missing Grils"": Procedures and Assumptions" --- p.50
Chapter A.2 --- Census Questionnaire --- p.55
Chapter A.3 --- Assumptions and Procedures to Derive Prefectural-level Estimates --- p.61
Chapter A.4 --- Questionnaire of Death Event in Census 2000 --- p.63
Chapter A.5 --- Size of Migration Population --- p.64
Chapter A.6 --- Previous Fertility Outcomes and Reporting Behavior --- p.72
References --- p.76
Figures --- p.80
Tables --- p.83
34
"Imbalanced sex ratio at birth and women's rights: relevant laws and policies in China and comparative legal implications." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896559.
Full textAbstract:
Zhang, Jiayu.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-147).
Abstract also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.iiii
Table of Contents --- p.viii
List of Abbreviations --- p.ix
List of Figures --- p.x
List of Tables --- p.x
Chapter Chapter I: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1. 1 --- What happened to China´ةs SRB? --- p.1
Chapter 1. 2 --- Women´ةs Human Rights as important Human Rights --- p.3
Chapter 1. 3 --- SRB and Women´ةs Rights --- p.6
Chapter 1. 4 --- Research Purpose and Methods --- p.7
Chapter 1. 5 --- Research Outline --- p.17
Chapter Chapter II. --- The Particular Features in China´ةs SRB --- p.20
Chapter 2. 1 --- The Regional Features in SRB --- p.20
Chapter 2. 2 --- The Ethnic Features in SRB --- p.23
Chapter 2. 3 --- The Features by Birth Order --- p.24
Chapter Chapter III. --- The Causes of Imbalanced SRB --- p.26
Chapter 3. 1 --- The Proximal Causes --- p.26
Chapter 3. 2 --- The Fundamental Cause --- p.31
What Encourage son preference in China? --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cultural and Historical Factors --- p.33
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Economic Factors --- p.38
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Law and policy as a Structural Factor --- p.40
Political Silence --- p.42
Economic Subordination --- p.43
Sexual Subordination --- p.48
Birth Control --- p.50
Chapter Chapter IV. --- The Consequences of Imbalanced SRB from a Human Rights Perspective --- p.58
Human Rights Violation against Women in the SRB Issues --- p.59
Chapter 4.1 --- Rights Violations Which Cause the Distorted SRB --- p.59
Chapter 4.2 --- Rights Violations for Which the Abnormal SRB is a Cause --- p.66
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Trafficking in Women --- p.70
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sexual Crimes --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Women´ةs Civil and Political Rights --- p.73
Chapter Chapter V. --- Women´ةs Human Rights Mechanism and Domestic Measures Adopted to Control Abnormal SRB --- p.76
Chapter 5.1 --- The International Human Rights Fundamental for Protecting Women's Human Rights --- p.77
Chapter 5.1.1 --- International Human Rights Treaties --- p.77
Charter of the United Nations --- p.77
The ICCPR and the ICESCR --- p.79
CEDAW --- p.80
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Monitoring Treaty Bodies and Monitoring Mechanism --- p.85
Chapter 5.2 --- Domestic Laws and Policies Adopted by Chinese Government to Control the Abnormal SRB --- p.88
What are the Chinese Government´ةs Responses to SRB issue? --- p.89
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Laws and Policies that Aim to Control Prenatal Sex Selection and Infanticide --- p.90
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Measures that Aim to Dilute Son Preference --- p.96
Political Participation --- p.98
Economic Situation --- p.100
Provide Some Resolution to Women's Sexual Subordination --- p.107
Extra-Legal Measures Government Used to Change Son Preference Culture --- p.109
Chapter 5. 3 --- Implications and Suggestions --- p.113
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Forbidding Prenatal Sex Selection Can not Pull up the Roots --- p.115
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Gender-Equal Laws are Still Problematic --- p.115
States Parties´ة Responsibilities and Legal Remedies --- p.116
Equal Treatment vs. Special Protection --- p.118
Other Problems in Domestic Law --- p.123
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Extra-legal Actions Failed to Touch Patriarchal Culture --- p.124
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Loose the Birth Control Policy --- p.127
Chapter Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.130
Bibliography --- p.136
List of Abbreviations
SRB: Sex Ratio at Birth
NPFPCC : National Population and Family Planning Commission of China
PFPCC: Population and Family Planning Commission of China
NPC: National People´ةs Congress
TAR: Tibet Autonomous Region
UDHR: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
ICCPR: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
"ICESCR: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
CEDAW: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
List of Figures
"Figure 1-1: Sex Ratio at Birth in China, 1982-2005"
Figure 2-1: Overall SRB Tendency and Regional Differences in Chin
"Figure 2-2: SRB by Province in 1982, 1990, 2000, 2005"
"Figure 2-3: SRB by Birth Order, 1982-2005"
"Figure 3-1: SRB by Birth Order: South Korea, 1980-2001"
"Figure 3-2: SRB by Birth Order: China, 1982-2000"
List of Tables
Table 3-1: Investigation to parents' gender expectation to first birth child
"Table 4-1: Surplus Males, Aged 15-34, China"
"Table 5-1: Female Participation in Political Decision-making, 1995-2000"
"Table 5-2: Number of Female Student by Level of Regular School, 1998-2001"
35
"Economic factors and institutional change in determining fertility in China: an empirical study." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887000.
Full textAbstract:
by Ho Sau Lan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-85).
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTERS
Chapter 1. --- DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN AND POPULATION POLICIES
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction
Chapter 1.2 --- Current literature on China's demography
Chapter 1.3 --- Recent demographic trend in China
Chapter 1.4 --- Policies for controlling birth
Chapter 2. --- EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Chapter 2.1 --- Explanations of the demographic transition
Chapter 2.2 --- Granger-causality
Chapter 2.3 --- Test specification
Chapter 2.4 --- Data specification
Chapter 2.5 --- Test procedure
Chapter 2.6 --- Empirical results
Chapter 2.7 --- Summary
Chapter 2.8 --- Problem of the tests
Chapter 3. --- FERTILITY CHANGE IN THE REFORM PERIOD1979-1987
Chapter 3.1 --- The economic reform
Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of the economic reform and other economic factors on fertility
Chapter 3.3 --- Data specification
Chapter 3.4 --- Statistical specification
Chapter 3.5 --- Empirical Results
Chapter 3.6 --- Summary
Chapter 4. --- CONCLUDTNG REMARKS
Chapter 5. --- APPENDIX A： GLOSSARY OF SOME DEMOGRAPHIC TERMS
Chapter 6. --- APPENDIX B： SOURCES OF DATA
Chapter 7. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY
36
"对刚性制度的软性抗争: 宗族文化对于潮汕地区计划生育政策执行的影响 = Flexible resistance against rigid institutions : the impact of clan culture on the implementation of family planning program in Teochew." 2015. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6115392.
Full textAbstract:
本文通过研究自改革开放以来计划生育政策在广东省潮汕地区的执行情况，尝试回答一个理论问题，即在一个威权政体中，是什么因素削弱了国家对社会的控制能力，从而民间形成了对刚性国家政策的有效对抗，导致国家的一些政策指令无法在基层得到落实。上世纪八十年代，计划生育政策作为一项"基本国策"在中国大多数地区都得到了严格的执行，并基本完成预定的政策目标。然而，该政策在潮汕地区却遭遇到极大的阻力，无论是城镇还是农村都出现了普遍的严重的超生现象。作者在对该地区进行了实地调研后，有三个主要发现：第一，随着改革开放政策的实行而迅速复兴的宗族文化对于潮汕地区的生育观念和生育行为的影响非常强烈。"多子多福"，"重男轻女"仍被绝大多数人视为理所应当，"儿孙满堂"更是许多农村人的追求。因此，虽然大部分的干部和群众经过计划生育的宣传都能理解该政策的必要性，但是由于生儿育女事关个人家庭和宗族的"兴衰"，所以明知抵触法规但仍会寻求各种可能的办法偷生。第二，在强大的传统文化作用下，基层政府、干部和群众形成了依赖利益和人情而建立起来的"乡规民约"，县镇村的干部群众都在这种民间自订的非正式制度下默契地规范约束自己的行为并且互动合作，因此上级的政策到了基层就遇到了无形的有弹性的成体系的抵抗，换言之，人们找到了实现"上有政策，下有对策"的软性抗争方式。第三，在这种强大的利益人情网络的软性对抗之下，上级的政府已经失去了对于基层计划生育的控制。一则他们没有足够的资源和能力去落实对下级的监管，二则上级官员自身也处在一定的利益关系网络中。因此，整体而言，市级乃至更上级政府在计生工作中也只能采取折中的策略，最后"容忍"了基层欺上瞒下的行为。因此，作者认为在潮汕地区县级以下的农村基层，依靠影响力极强的宗族文化而形成的"乡规民约"，作为一种软性非正式制度弱化了国家正式的行政体制，形成了一种对计划生育政策不成文的，富有弹性的，自成体系的非暴力抵抗，以及"上有政策，下有对策"的折中局面，使得计划生育政策在这一地区发挥了十分有限的作用。
This study focuses on "Family Planning Program" ever since the "Opening-up Policy" in Teochew area, Guangdong. By doing so, it aims at answering one theoretical question: within an authoritarian regime, what sorts of factors can impair the state’s control over society, leading to effective resistance against the state’s rigid policies and ineffective implement of those policies at grass-roots level. In the 1980s, the "Family Planning Program", as a fundamental national policy, was strictly implemented in most parts of China, accomplishing its policy goals. However, this policy encountered enormous resistance in Teochew area, Guangdong. "Extra kids" have been widely observed in rural areas.
By carrying out on-site field research, the author has three main findings:
First, clan culture, reviving rapidly after the "Opening-up Policy", has been exerting significant impact over birth concepts and birth behaviors in Teochew area. Such thoughts as "the more sons, the more blessings" and "sons are better than daughters" are taken for granted. Having lots of children and grandchildren is considered the best luck possible. Therefore, even though most cadres and citizens understand very well the necessity of the "Family Planning Program", since having children is a serious matter of family’s and clan’s prosperity, people are striving to have more kids, disregarding the laws and policies.
Second, under the big umbrella of traditional culture, governments at grass-roots level, cadres and masses have formulated so-called "village regulations and folk rules", which are based on mutual interests and relationship, and they behave and cooperate consciously according to these informal institutions. As a result, policies from upper levels have met invisible, flexible and systematic resistance at grass-roots level. In other words, people have found a way to use soft countermeasures to resist rigid institutions.
Third, impacted by these soft resistance, governments from upper levels have lost control over the implementation of family planning at grass-root level. Partially because they do not have enough resource and capability to enforce supervision, partially because they themselves are nested heavily in this interest network. Thus, by and large, governments at prefecture or upper levels can only compromise in family planning related issues, leading to the toleration of grass-roots cheating behaviors.
In sum, the author believes that in rural Teochew area, "village regulations and folk rules", which are based on a strong clan culture, as soft informal institutions, have impaired the state’s formal administrative system, generated unspoken, flexible, systematic and nonviolent resistance against "Family Planning Program", and led to a compromising predicament. Therefore, "Family Planning Program", as a national policy, has generated limited impact in Teochew area.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
庄棟杰.
Parallel title from added title page.
Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91).
Abstracts also in English.
Zhuang Dongjie.