Relevant bibliographies by topics / Population policy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Population policy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Population policy"

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Rastogi Pravin Kumar, Avantika. "Studying Different Aspects of Population Policy." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23110122229.

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Hussain, Sahba. "Population Policy." Social Scientist 13, no. 10/11 (October 1985): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517217.

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Berikova, Marina, and Garold Latinov. "Modern gender policy in Russia and China." Population 24, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.12.

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The problems of building and realizing the self-identity of men and women through the practice of gender awareness education are relevant to all countries and cultures to varying degrees. The article attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of gender policy in Russia and China at the present stage in two aspects: education in the field of equality of rights and opportunities of men and women; correction of gender stereotypes and biases. The specificity of the approach to solving gender problems correlates with the national-cultural, political, religious, and ethical characteristics of the Russian and Chinese peoples. In Russia, as in China, the norms and principles of interaction between men and women, as well as the equality of their rights and opportunities in social life, are formally recognized by society and legalized, that contributes to spread of egalitarian views and attitudes. However, the declarative nature of this recognition often manifests itself in the lives of citizens of both States. Nevertheless, the traditional gender stereotypes are being overcome in Russian and Chinese society (in each in its own way), the authorities are trying to expand the legislative framework on gender equality of men and women, attract administrative resources to improve the level of gender culture of the population, as well as develop and implement programs designed for women. The strategic direction of gender policy and gender awareness education remains the development of a systematic approach to the presence of a gender component in the understanding of social processes, to the integration of the achievements of both sexes in the organization of society.
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Wang, Shaofu, Xianning Jia, and Svetlana Mishchuk. "Changes in China’s demographic policy in 2010–2021." Population 26, no. 3 (September 20, 2023): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.6.

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The demographic situation in China at the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st centuries was characterized by transformations concerning both the general dynamics of the population, and the changes in the age, gender, and educational structures. At the beginning of the 21st century, China’s demographic policy measures evolved significantly. The main objective of this study is to identify the priority directions of demographic policy including support for the birth rate at the present stage. The article presents results of the analysis of the main demographic indicators, proposes a typology of the factors of the current demographic situation including historical, ideological and material backgrounds. The second part of the artivle provides an analysis of the main measures aimed at supporting the birth rate at the country level as a whole, and in separate provinces. The analysis is based on the regulatory documents concerning the birth rate policy in China in the period from 2010 to 2021, as well as the data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. It is shown that during the past decade in China the family planning and birth control have been replaced by an active policy of stimulating the birth rate. Financial instruments play an important role in shaping the main areas of birth support. In addition, much attention is paid by the state to the issue of expanding the childcare infrastructure, educational institutions, creating preferential conditions for women with children in the field of employment, etc.
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LEY, DAVID, and DANIEL HIEBERT. "Immigration policy as population policy." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 45, no. 1 (March 2001): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2001.tb01175.x.

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Kalabikhina, Irina E. "Measuring by time: a new paradigm of socio-demographic policy." POPULATION 23, no. 2 (2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.4.

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The purpose of this article is to describe the idea of forming a new paradigm of socio-demographic policy based on the core «family-work balance». Today, it is no longer enough to talk about the family-work balance policy as an integral part of the State socio-demographic policy. A new social contract between the State and the population on the disposal of time as the main resource for each person is necessary. We need a new social contract on the time use by various social groups, primarily by employees with family responsibilities. Basing on statistical and GIS methods, the author used the data from Rosstat, Moscow Department of Labor and Social Protection, survey data. Changing the approaches to assessment of the social policy results is a prerequisite for its integrated formation and implementation. The article provides eight arguments for the timeliness of changing the paradigm of the socio-demographic policy in Russia. Four ways of socio-demographic policy measuring by time units are given: calculating the equivalent of cash payments and social support services by time units; assessment of walking or transport accessibility to social institutions and the workplace by time units; duration of service receipt; estimation of working hours of parents in the sphere of professional employment. This approach will open new opportunities for cooperation with the population in the issue of demographic development and labor market regulation; it will mitigate the challenges related to the population aging and expansion of the care economy, improve the quality of life of the entire population, including people with family responsibilities. It will stimulate formation of a social system comfortable for people with a high level of human capital, aimed at combining professional and family responsibilities. The author discusses the sources of information that can be used in the new methodology for measuring policy outcomes. The article provides examples of calculations in measuring socio-demographic policy by time.
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Blednova, Natalia. "Parental leave in the system of socio-economic processes: a theoretical review." Population 26, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.6.

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Parental leave is one of the most important components in the structure of family policy in most developed countries. In foreign practice, three types of leaves are available: maternity leave, paternity leave and parental leave. The researchers note that development of the leave policy has a favorable economic, social and demographic effect. For this reason, the issue of leaves is becoming more and more popular every year and attracts attention of a wide range of scientists. Nevertheless, in the domestic scientific literature, the phenomenon of parental leave remains practically unexplored. This article is devoted to the study of the impact of parental leave on other socioeconomic processes — employment, gender equality and fertility — and related areas of government policy. Exploring this relationship, the author notes positive impact of paternity leave and paternity quotas on the distribution of responsibilities between men and women in the professional and family spheres of life. The positive economic effects from the use of parental leave as one of the tools to protect workers in the labor market are described. These effects consist mainly in increasing the employment rate of women and reducing the wage gap between men and women. In addition, the impact of parental leave on the birth rate is considered—on the one hand, the use of paternity leave stimulates parents for subsequent childbearing, on the other hand, opportunity costs increase, which negatively affect the reproductive attitudes of mothers. The author draws a conclusion about the relationship between parental leave policy and other areas of state policy — employment policy, gender equality policy and demographic policy. In the author's opinion, the discovered relationship indicates the importance of the issue of parental leave and the need to study it in Russia.
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Withers, Glenn. "Population Policy: Introduction." Australian Economic Review 33, no. 3 (September 2000): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.00153.

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Treisman, M. "Population policy options." Science 264, no. 5160 (May 6, 1994): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8171327.

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Westoff, Charles F. "International population policy." Society 32, no. 4 (May 1995): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02693318.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population policy"

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Pereira, Andreia Sofia Boanova Vieira. "Population ageing and monetary policy." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11996.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
O envelhecimento da população altera a dinâmica das principais variáveis macroeconómicas com implicações para a condução da política monetária e estabilidade dos preços. O presente trabalho pretende analisar as principais tendências demográficas e de que forma influenciam o ambiente económico onde a política monetária é conduzida, causando direta ou indiretamente movimentos indesejados nas taxas de inflação. Recorrendo a uma técnica polinomial, estimamos a relação empírica entre a estrutura etária e a inflação para um painel de 24 países da OCDE durante o período 1961-2014. Encontramos uma correlação significativa entre demografia e inflação, consistente com a hipótese de que um aumento da população ativa causa pressões deflacionistas, enquanto uma maior parcela de dependentes e reformados está associada a taxas de inflação mais elevadas. Os resultados sugerem que o potencial impacto do processo de envelhecimento a nível global sobre a inflação deve ser tido em conta nas decisões de política monetária.
The ongoing demographic changes can affect the dynamic of economics in several ways, with implications for the conduct of monetary policy and price stability. This paper analyses the future prospects on demographic changes and how they are expected to influence the macroeconomic environment where monetary policy is conducted, which can directly or indirectly generate unwanted inflation dynamics. By adopting a polynomial technique, an estimation is carried out to determine the relationship between the age structure and inflation in a panel of 24 OECD countries over the 1961-2014 period. A significant correlation is found between demography and inflation, consistent with the hypothesis that an increase in the share of working-age population causes deflationary pressures, while a larger scale of dependents and young retirees are associated with higher inflation rates. The results suggest that the potential impact of the global ageing process on inflation should be taken into consideration in the decision making processes of monetary policy.
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Zhang, Yigang. "Population growth and planned birth policy." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1239896836/.

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Schwartzman, Peter D. "Population growth as a problem in the public sphere : current state of play and future prospects /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020243/.

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Gao, Mingzheng 1965. "Population policy and urban housing in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66389.

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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).
This thesis will focus on how urban housing design reflects the new one-child family population policy in the traditional urban context in Beijing, China. The population policy has changed the size and structure of traditional family, and further affected children's growing up environment. Children, used to grow up in a joint family of three generations in a traditional courtyard house, now have isolated by apartment box. The traditional social and spatial relationships among children, families, and neighbors have been extremely weakened. My intention is to restore the lost relationships for lonely children in a high density residential complex. This complex, transformed from the traditional single story courtyard house, becomes one big house, where all neighbors live under one roof as one big family. As a consequence, children in a one child family still have the same feeling of multi generations living together as their old generations had before.
by Mingzheng Gao.
M.Arch.
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Nekrasenko, L. "Population health and environmental tax policy in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45334.

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Power engineering today is the most vulnerable point of Ukraine economy. Energy Strategy of Ukraine aims to increase the share of domestic fossil fuels in the energy balance of the country to 91.8% until 2030 (Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2030). High dependence Ukrainian industry on fossil fuels leads to significant industrial and transport emissions. The carbon dioxide CO2, carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen oxides NO, NO2, sulfur dioxide SO2 and hydrocarbons are discharged into the air as a result of combustion are. The largest contribution to greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector carries out power industry. Its share is 76,06 % in 2011.
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Wu, Xiaoyu. "Population policy and human capital accumulation in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3325170.

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Newson, Robyn. "Measuring the policy impact of population health research." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26211.

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Current assessments of research impact have been criticised for capturing what can be easily counted, not what counts. This thesis examines research impact and use in multiple ways, using childhood obesity prevention research and policy conducted and developed in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, between 2000 and 2015, as a case example. A broad systems lens is applied, with sub-studies examining specific aspects of this research-policy system in detail. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods are used, including: systematic review; bibliometric analysis; citation analysis; document analysis; semi-structured interviews; and case studies. Firstly, the literature on research impact assessment is compared to that measuring policy utilisation of research. Secondly, the knowledge production context, including how and why research was conducted is investigated. Finally, research impact and use are assessed tracing forwards from research and backwards from policy, using a mix of narrow (research projects; policy documents) and broad (policy cases) units of analysis. The comparative approach used, empirically demonstrates how some methods of measuring impact restrict what can be defined and assessed as impact and therefore downplay the diverse ways in which research can influence policy processes. Different methods provide different perspectives of the relationship between research and policy, in terms of causation versus contribution. In addition, they give a different view of what is transferred, knowledge or research. Ultimately assessment needs to go beyond an understanding of research use as instrumental. This view determines the type of research that will be identified as impactful at the expense of other types of research. Looking beyond the efforts of individual researchers and research groups, to examine how systems support policy relevant knowledge production and use, may offer a way forward.
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Collins, Teresa Mary Helen. "Of moths and candle flames : the aesthetics of fertility and childbearing in the northern areas of Pakistan." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266101.

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Wang, Xiaochuan (Sherry). "Three essays on population health and public health policy." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29270.

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Empowered patient or empowered physician. An analysis of the importance of the gatekeeper in the health delivery system. This paper examines the important role of the gatekeeper in the health delivery system. A simple theoretical model is developed which compares the resource allocation when physicians act as gatekeepers with the decisions taken when patients are empowered. It is shown that even when there is no asymmetry of information---and so patients and doctors are equally able to identify the appropriate therapy---that the institutional arrangement matters. Patients demand more time with physicians when they are empowered whereas physicians want to spend more time developing their expertise when they are empowered. The reaction of physicians and patients to changes in policy instruments also differs across institutional arrangements. The analysis also draws attention to the design of the compensation scheme for physicians, and investigates the benefits of using a non-linear scheme. Wealth, health, and the pursuit of happiness. This paper provides a theoretical framework to illustrate the relationship between income, utility maximization, and healthy choices. The analysis indicates that the choices of individuals who maximize utility are not the same as those arising were the individual to maximize wellness. In fact, rational individuals will over-eat and under-exercise relative to health maximizing levels. Yet as individuals get wealthier, they have better health. The paper also compares different strategies for health promotion. Income redistribution may lead to a net increase in population health and in social welfare. By contrast, policies that specifically target lifestyle choices may succeed in persuading citizens to choose a health-maximizing lifestyle, but result in a net welfare loss to society. An empirical investigation of household income and income polices on obesity in Canada. Using the master files of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), this paper examines the effect of income on obesity and individuals' body-mass index. An instrumental variable technique is employed to derive consistent estimates of this effect and to take account of the possible endogeneity between income and body weight. It is found that higher income will lead to lower body weight for women, while its effect on the body-weight outcome of men is unclear. This chapter uses the estimates of the relationship between income and body weight to simulate the impact of government income policies---like social assistance and child support---on obesity. It is shown that incomes policies may not only decrease income inequality but may also contribute to a lower incidence of obesity amongst the poorer population thus decreasing overall health care costs.
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Usborne, Cornelie. "Fertility control and population policy in Germany 1910-1928." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329908.

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Books on the topic "Population policy"

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Raina, B. L. Population policy. Delhi: B.R. Pub. Corp., 1988.

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Botswana. National population policy. Gaborone, Botswana: The Council, 1997.

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Development, Malawi Dept of Economic Planning and. National population policy. [Lilongwe]: Govt. of the Republic of Malawi, Office of the President and Cabinet, Dept. of Economic Planning and Development, 1990.

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Willie, P. Vanuatu's population policy. [Vanuatu: s.n., 1999.

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Marshall Islands. Office of Planning and Statistics., ed. National population policy. Majuro, Marshall Islands: Office of Planning and Statistics, 1990.

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Zambia. National population policy. Lusaka: Ministry of Finance and National Planning, 2007.

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Zambia. Ministry of Finance and National Planning., ed. National population policy. Lusaka: Ministry of Finance and National Planning, 2007.

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Malawi. Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, ed. National population policy. Lilongwe: Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, 2013.

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Zambia. Zambia's national population policy. Ridgeway, Lusaka: Republic of Zambia, Office of the President, National Commission for Development Planning, 1990.

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Lesotho. Lesotho national population policy. [Maseru]: The Division, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Population policy"

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Betz, Joachim. "Population." In Development Policy, 113–20. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35011-6_11.

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Shao, Zisheng. "Population Policy." In The New Urban Area Development, 307–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44958-5_39.

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Namboodiri, Krishnan. "Population Policy." In The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 285–310. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-8994-2_12.

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Rowland, Donald T. "Policy Concepts." In Population Aging, 185–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4050-1_12.

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Rowland, Donald T. "Policy Responses." In Population Aging, 197–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4050-1_13.

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Berkovich, Barbara, and Amy M. Sitapati. "Policy." In Applied Population Health, 11–22. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020] | Series: HIMSS book series: Productivity Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367196714-2.

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Rashid, Salim. "Population." In Economic Policy for Growth, 51–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4537-8_3.

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Funabashi, Yoichi. "Policy Proposals." In Japan’s Population Implosion, 217–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4983-5_11.

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Hidekazu, Inagawa. "Demographic Policy." In Japan’s Population Implosion, 97–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4983-5_5.

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Rowland, Donald T. "Policy Responses in Asia." In Population Aging, 227–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4050-1_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Population policy"

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Thukral, A. K., B. P. Singh, Kamel Ariffin Mohd Atan, and Isthrinayagy S. Krishnarajah. "Population Growth and National Population Policy of India." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY 2007: ICMB07. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2883834.

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Singh, Karandeep, Jang Won Bae, and Euihyun Paik. "Population dynamics analysis for policy evaluation using micro-level population dynamics." In 2016 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpcsim.2016.7568351.

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Zheng, Bowen, and Ran Cheng. "Rethinking Population-assisted Off-policy Reinforcement Learning." In GECCO '23: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3583131.3590512.

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Alexopoulos, Christos, Milena Despotovic, Milena Zlatanovic, Marija Mikic Mladenovic, Ivan Milojevic, and Marko Jovanovic. "POPULATION POLICY MEASURES IN SERBIA UNTIL 2020." In RAP Conference. Sievert Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37392/rapproc.2022.16.

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Certório, Jair, Richard J. La, and Nuno C. Martins. "Epidemic Population Games for Policy Design: Two Populations with Viral Reservoir Case Study." In 2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc49753.2023.10383665.

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"CORPORATE DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY: PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING PRACTICES IN RUSSIAN ORGANISATIONS." In Demographic drivers of population adaptation to global socio-economic challenges. Institute of Economics of the Ural Brach of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2023-7-3.

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Jiajia Yu, Peiyan Xia, Daqing Jiang, and Chunyan Ji. "Optimal harvesting policy for a stochastic single logistic population." In 2010 International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (CMCE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmce.2010.5610027.

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Barysheva, Galina A. "Ageing Population: Challenge for New Quality of Social Policy." In International Conference «Responsible Research and Innovation. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.02.10.

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Pombengi, Jericho D., Endang Larasati, Hardi Warsono, and Kismartini. "Implementation of Population Service Policy in Indonesian Border Areas." In 6th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (ICOSAPS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201219.050.

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"CORPORATE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND HUMAN CAPITAL AS COMPONENTS OF REGIONAL SOCIAL POLICY." In Demographic drivers of population adaptation to global socio-economic challenges. Institute of Economics of the Ural Brach of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2023-2-1.

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Reports on the topic "Population policy"

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Bongaarts, John, Michele Gragnolati, S. Amer Ahmed, and Jamaica Corker. Population, development, and policy. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy16.1018.

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Demeny, Paul. Population policy: A concise summary. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy6.1077.

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Kekovole, John. Components of Kenya's future population growth and population policy implications. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1996.1006.

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The world’s population has grown rapidly from about 2.5 billion in 1950 to a current size of 5.8 billion. As noted in this report, most of the increase has been recorded in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America due to continued high fertility in the face of reductions in levels of mortality. Kenya provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of various policy options on future population growth. The primary objective of this study is to measure the impact of different causes of continued population growth on Kenya’s future size and to formulate appropriate policy measures to minimize the adverse socioeconomic consequences of population growth. This study briefly reviews population policies pursued by the Kenyan government since the formulation of the first such policy in 1967. Projections made by the World Bank and the United Nations are summarized, and a new set of projections is presented to highlight the contributions of the different causes of future growth. The study concludes with policy implications emanating from this analysis.
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Bongaarts, John. Population policy options in the developing world. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1008.

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The population of the developing world is expanding at the unprecedented rate of more than 800 million people per decade, and, despite anticipated reductions in growth during the next century, its size is expected to increase from 4.1 billion in 1990 to 10.2 billion in 2100. Past efforts to curb this growth have focused almost exclusively on the implementation of family planning programs to provide contraceptive information, services, and supplies. While these programs have been partially successful in reducing birth rates, further investments in them will have a limited additional impact on population growth. Other policy options, in particular measures to reduce high demand for births and to limit population momentum, are therefore needed. This working paper reviews past approaches to population policy and assesses alternative options available to governments of developing countries. These topics were discussed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the “Earth Summit”) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and will be a focus at the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 in Cairo.
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Miller, Grant, and Christine Valente. Population Policy: Abortion and Modern Contraception are Substitutes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22085.

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Jones, Cat, and Clare Lally. Prison population growth: drivers, implications and policy considerations. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pb58.

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England and Wales have the highest per capita prison population in Western Europe. In October 2023, over 88,000 people were imprisoned, in an estate with a maximum capacity of 88,890. This was the highest number recorded. 94% of people in prison are adult men and the adult male prison estate is almost full. The prison estate is operating at 99% of its usable operational capacity and over 60% of prisons are overcrowded. Drivers of the current prison population growth include changes in sentencing policy (including increased sentence lengths). Other factors include remand, recall, reoffending and policing. The number of people given immediate custodial sentences has fallen from 98,044 in 2012, to 67,812 in 2022. This suggests that the prison population increase is not driven by more convictions. Nearing capacity can have negative implications for the safe operation of prisons, and for the health, wellbeing and rehabilitation of people in prison. Government action to avoid exceeding capacity includes expanding the prison estate and releasing some prisoners up to 18 days early. As of December 2023, three relevant bills are progressing through Parliament: the Sentencing Bill 2023, the Criminal Justice Bill 2023, and the Victims and Prisoners Bill 2023. Each contains a range of measures, with some likely to reduce the prison population and others likely to increase it. Various stakeholders have proposed additional policy options, such as the greater use of non-custodial sentences, and interventions to reduce the remand and recall populations. Some experts in this field have highlighted the role of public opinion in relation to sentencing policy and the relationship between prisons and the wider justice system. Evidence suggests that the public generally overestimate crime rates and underestimate sentence lengths, and that better-informed members of the public are less likely to view sentences as lenient. More high-quality research is needed to better understand the drivers of increased sentence length and to evaluate health and rehabilitation programmes in the prison context.
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7

Visaria, Leela, and Pravin Visaria. Prospective population growth and policy options for India, 1991–2101. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1996.1023.

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India, the second most populous country in the world, experienced an accelerated decline in fertility during the 1980s. As a result, India’s total fertility rate (TFR) in 1993, 3.5 births per woman, is below the level presumed in the population projections of the United Nations and the World Bank. This favorable development has occurred as India is attempting to reorient its family planning program to focus on the reproductive health of women and the health and welfare of children. The method-specific targets for contraceptive acceptors assigned to every grassroots health worker were abandoned in April 1996. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to analyze the components of future population growth in India based on a series of hypothetical projections using alternative assumptions about the future decline in fertility. Only one assumption is made about the pace of mortality decline. The likely consequences of the prospective population growth and the policy options for accelerating fertility decline are also discussed.
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8

Jacobson, Jodi. Family, Gender, and Population Policy: Views from the Middle East. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1005.

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This paper explores the relevance of international debates to the realities of the Middle East, an important but understudied region that has often been subject to stereotyping. The region’s wealth of traditions and diverse contemporary experience offer insights to those who venture beyond the surface appearance. This paper provides a broad introduction to the connections between family, gender, and population policy in the Middle East. It is based on studies by a diverse group of Middle East scholars and the discussions they generated in Cairo at an international symposium sponsored by the Population Council in February 1994. The paper was written prior to the historic UN International Conference on Population and Development in Egypt, in the hope both of increasing understanding of an important region of the world and refining our grasp of international issues.
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9

Casterline, John, and Steven Sinding. Unmet need for family planning in developing countries and implications for population policy. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy6.1036.

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10

Herrin, Alejandro N., and Marilou P. Costello. Sources of future population growth in the Philippines and implications for public policy. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1996.1004.

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Rapid population growth, poor and uneven economic performance, and slow progress in health and education are interrelated phenomena. However, while there is strong support for public policies aimed at economic recovery and human resource development in the Philippines, there is still a lack of consensus on the need for public policy to moderate population growth and on the role of a government-sponsored family planning program in overall population and development activities. This paper examines alternative population projections and analyzes the contribution to future population growth of unwanted fertility, high desired family size, and population momentum. The aims are to highlight the multiple policy responses that are needed to moderate rapid population growth and to clarify a number of factors that have prevented the development of a consensus on Philippine population policy.
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