Academic literature on the topic 'Population outbreak'
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Journal articles on the topic "Population outbreak"
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Kobayashi, T., T. Sakurai, M. Sakakibara, and T. Watanabe. "Multiple origins of outbreak populations of a native insect pest in an agro-ecosystem." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 3 (December 21, 2010): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000490.
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AbstractNative insects can become epidemic pests in agro-ecosystems. A population genetics approach was applied to analyze the emergence and spread of outbreak populations of native insect species. Outbreaks of the mirid bug, Stenotus rubrovittatus, have rapidly expanded over Japan within the last two decades. To characterize the outbreak dynamics of this species, the genetic structure of local populations was assessed using polymorphisms of the mtDNA COI gene and six microsatellite loci. Results of the population genetic analysis suggested that S. rubrovittatus populations throughout Japan were genetically isolated by geographic distance and separated into three genetic clusters occupying spatially segregated regions. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the genetic structure of S. rubrovittatus reflected post-glacial colonization. Early outbreaks of S. rubrovittatus in the 1980s occurred independently of genetically isolated populations. The genetic structure of the populations did not fit the pattern of an outbreak expansion, and therefore the data did not support the hypothesis that extensive outbreaks were caused by the dispersal of specific pestiferous populations. Rather, the historical genetic structure prior to the outbreaks was maintained throughout the increase in abundance of the mirid bug. Our study indicated that changes in the agro-environment induced multiple outbreaks of native pest populations. This implies that, given suitable environmental conditions, local populations may have the potential to outbreak even without invasion of populations from other environmentally degraded areas.
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Scandol, JP, and MK James. "Hydrodynamics and larval dispersal: a population model of Acanthaster planci on the Great Barrier Reef." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 3 (1992): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920583.
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This paper presents results of a modelling study of the large-scale population dynamics of Acanthaster planci in the central Great Barrier Reef. Dispersal patterns generated by larval transport models are used to drive the simulation. Population flow through the reef matrix during outbreaks is simulated by using an elementary representation of the starfish life cycle. Features of the results include the following: (I) Population patterns generated by the model are consistent with observations of starfish outbreaks. (2) The overall impact of starfish populations undergoing an outbreak on the reef system decreases with a southward shift in the location of initial outbreaks. (3) Within the central Great Barrier Reef, outbreak populations of starfish generally occur more frequently on the inner- and central-matrix reefs than on the outer-matrix reefs.
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Larroque, Jeremy, Julian Wittische, and Patrick M. A. James. "Quantifying and predicting population connectivity of an outbreaking forest insect pest." Landscape Ecology 37, no. 3 (December 23, 2021): 763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01382-9.
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Abstract Context Dispersal has a key role in the population dynamics of outbreaking species such as the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) as it can synchronize the demography of distant populations and favor the transition from endemic to epidemic states. However, we know very little about how landscape structure influences dispersal in such systems while such knowledge is essential for better forecasting of spatially synchronous population dynamics and to guide management strategies. Objectives We aimed to characterize the spatial environmental determinants of spruce budworm dispersal to determine how these features affect outbreak spread in Quebec (Canada). We then apply our findings to predict expected future landscape connectivity and explore its potential consequences on future outbreaks. Methods We used a machine-learning landscape genetics approach on 447 larvae covering most of the outbreak area and genotyped at 3562 SNP loci to identify the main variables affecting connectivity. Results We found that the connectivity between outbreak populations was driven by the combination of precipitation and host cover. Our forecasting suggests that between the current and next outbreaks, connectivity may increase between Ontario and Quebec, and might decrease in the eastern part, which could have the effect of limiting outbreak spread from Ontario and Quebec to the eastern provinces. Conclusions Although we did not identify any discrete barriers, low connectivity areas might constrain dispersal in the current and future outbreaks and should in turn, be intensively monitored. However, continued sampling as the outbreak progresses is needed to confirm the temporal stability of the observed patterns.
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Rabilloud, Muriel, Benjamin Riche, Jean François Etard, Mad-Hélénie Elsensohn, Nicolas Voirin, Thomas Bénet, Jean Iwaz, René Ecochard, and Philippe Vanhems. "COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes: A strong link with the coronavirus spread in the surrounding population, France, March to July 2020." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): e0261756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261756.
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Background Worldwide, COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes have often been sudden and massive. The study investigated the role SARS-CoV-2 virus spread in nearby population plays in introducing the disease in nursing homes. Material and methods This was carried out through modelling the occurrences of first cases in each of 943 nursing homes of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes French Region over the first epidemic wave (March-July, 2020). The cumulative probabilities of COVID-19 outbreak in the nursing homes and those of hospitalization for the disease in the population were modelled in each of the twelve Départements of the Region over period March-July 2020. This allowed estimating the duration of the active outbreak period, the dates and heights of the peaks of outbreak probabilities in nursing homes, and the dates and heights of the peaks of hospitalization probabilities in the population. Spearman coefficient estimated the correlation between the two peak series. Results The cumulative proportion of nursing homes with COVID-19 outbreaks was 52% (490/943; range: 22–70% acc. Département). The active outbreak period in the nursing homes lasted 11 to 21 days (acc. Département) and ended before lockdown end. Spearman correlation between outbreak probability peaks in nursing homes and hospitalization probability peaks in the population (surrogate of the incidence peaks) was estimated at 0.71 (95% CI: [0.66; 0.78]). Conclusion The modelling highlighted a strong correlation between the outbreak in nursing homes and the external pressure of the disease. It indicated that avoiding disease outbreaks in nursing homes requires a tight control of virus spread in the surrounding populations.
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Johns, R. C., L. Flaherty, D. Carleton, S. Edwards, A. Morrison, and E. Owens. "Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review." Canadian Entomologist 148, S1 (January 25, 2016): S58—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.69.
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AbstractOur review highlights research during the past century focussed on the population ecology of outbreak-prone insect defoliators in Canadian forests. Based on reports from national and provincial surveys that began in the 1930s, there have been at least 106 insect defoliators reported to outbreak, most of which are native Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera (sawflies), or Coleoptera (in order of frequency from most to least). Studies comparing life-history traits of outbreak versus non-outbreak species to better understand why certain species are more outbreak-prone indicate several traits especially common among outbreak species, including egg clustering and aggregative larval feeding. There have been at least 50 time-series studies examining the spatiotemporal population behaviour of 12 major defoliator species. These studies provide evidence for both regular periodicity and spatial synchrony of outbreaks for most major species. Life-table studies seeking to understand the agents causing populations to fluctuate have been carried out for at least seven outbreak species, with the majority identifying natural enemies (usually parasitoids) as the major driver of outbreak collapse. Our review concludes with several case studies highlighting the impact and historical underpinnings of population studies for major defoliator species and a discussion of potential avenues for future research.
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STENE-JOHANSEN, K., P. A. JENUM, T. HOEL, H. BLYSTAD, H. SUNDE, and K. SKAUG. "An outbreak of hepatitis A among homosexuals linked to a family outbreak." Epidemiology and Infection 129, no. 1 (August 2002): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007069.
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Several outbreaks of hepatitis A occurred in Norway in 1995–8. Molecular epidemiology was used to follow the spread of hepatitis A virus in the population. Distinct strains of hepatitis A virus (HAV) were detected by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and subsequent sequencing in serum from patients in different communities at risk of infection. Two HAV strains were detected in an outbreak among 26 men having sexual contact with other men. One of these strains was also detected in a geographically limited family outbreak. The family outbreak was first believed to be acquired abroad. The sequence information linked the two outbreaks, and epidemiological and serological analyses revealed the transmission route. This study demonstrates the importance of molecular epidemiology in outbreak investigation, surveillance and monitoring of hepatitis A in the population.
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Johns, Robert C., Joseph J. Bowden, Drew R. Carleton, Barry J. Cooke, Sara Edwards, Erik J. S. Emilson, Patrick M. A. James, et al. "A Conceptual Framework for the Spruce Budworm Early Intervention Strategy: Can Outbreaks be Stopped?" Forests 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100910.
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The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clem., is the most significant defoliating pest of boreal balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and spruce (Picea sp.) in North America. Historically, spruce budworm outbreaks have been managed via a reactive, foliage protection approach focused on keeping trees alive rather than stopping the outbreak. However, recent theoretical and technical advances have renewed interest in proactive population control to reduce outbreak spread and magnitude, i.e., the Early Intervention Strategy (EIS). In essence, EIS is an area-wide management program premised on detecting and controlling rising spruce budworm populations (hotspots) along the leading edge of an outbreak. In this article, we lay out the conceptual framework for EIS, including all of the core components needed for such a program to be viable. We outline the competing hypotheses of spruce budworm population dynamics and discuss their implications for how we manage outbreaks. We also discuss the practical needs for such a program to be successful (e.g., hotspot monitoring, population control, and cost–benefit analyses), as well as the importance of proactive communications with stakeholders.
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Imholt, C., A. Esther, J. Perner, and J. Jacob. "Identification of weather parameters related to regional population outbreak risk of common voles (Microtus arvalis) in Eastern Germany." Wildlife Research 38, no. 7 (2011): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10196.
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Context Common vole (Microtus arvalis) populations can increase to several thousand individuals per hectare during outbreaks. In central Europe such outbreaks usually extend across large areas but there can be significant regional differences in outbreak intensity, general outbreak risk and associated crop damage. Aims We tested whether weather parameters can be used to explain the regional variability in outbreak risk of common voles in an area of Eastern Germany where common vole outbreaks are common. Method Suitable weather parameters were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Time series of common vole abundance from 50 locations across 36 500 km2 sampled in 1973–97 were related to weather parameters selected by PCA and multiple linear regression. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used on relevant weather parameters to display the temporal and spatial variability in vole abundance. An overlay of risk class transformed abundances allowed for the identification of appropriate threshold values to define vole outbreaks. Key results Weather parameters were closely related to the variation in regional outbreak risk of common voles. Mostly weather parameters in winter and early spring were identified to be highly important. All risk thresholds tested revealed similar patterns for the distribution of risk classes across locations and years. While most years of very low or very high outbreak risk clustered well according to weather parameters, some cases of medium risk classes did not cluster well. Conclusions Weather parameters especially in winter and early spring are related to common vole outbreak risk in the following autumn. This is the case for extremely high and low outbreak risks and is largely independent of the choice of particular threshold values for outbreak risk. Implications Weather parameters could be used to develop automated forecast systems at the spatial resolution of single weather stations. Combined with other parameters that are easily available, such as information on soil characteristics, such forecasts might be as reliable as more complex biological models developed in the past.
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Sudarsono, Hamim. "HAMA BELALANG KEMBARA (LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN): FAKTA DAN ANALISIS AWAL LEDAKAN POPULASI DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2003): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2351-56.
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Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen) : Preliminary facts and analyzes on the population outbreaks in Lampung Province. The migratory locust (locally known as belalang kembara), Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen (Orthoptera: Acrididae), has become a major insect pest in Lampung in recent years since its outbreak in 1998. Thousand hectares of agricultural fields were severely destroyed by the locust populations during the course of the outbreak. Local as well as national government were caught in surprised by the population upsurge with little information and technology available for controlling the pest. First presence of locust population was recorded in Kecamatan Pakuan Ratu in 1990. Area damage in the first year was ca. 60 ha. The population grew steadily over the years and reached its peak in April-May of 1998 when thousands of corn and rice fields were severely damaged. Country roads and fields were filled with millions of locust nymphs. Records of locust attacks during preliminary outbreaks from 1990 to 1998 also indicated that the insect started its outbreak from the same areas during those years, i.e. North Lampung District and northern Tulang Bawang District (two of the outmost northern of Lampung Province). Insect pest control experts were very concerned that the locust has established its populations in the region and could cause significant loss in the upcoming years. Control strategy and techniques based on the insect biology and population dynamics, therefore, should be explored and developed to manage future outbreaks. This paper discusses and analyzes preliminary facts and information on the migratory locust and possible strategies that could be implemented for managing the locust.
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Al-Abdullah, Nabeela Abdullah. "Measles outbreak amongst Manymar population of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 7 (June 22, 2018): 2657. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182420.
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Background: Worldwide efforts for measles elimination are made possible due to the availability of a highly effective measles vaccine. In spite of a highly vaccinated population, an outbreak of measles has occurred in Jeddah province of Saudi Arabia, from January to February 2018.Methods: An outbreak investigation was conducted to describe the epidemiology of the outbreak. A performance audit of the control measures taken by the primary healthcare team was carried out in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards.Results: Of the 31 cases reported, the patient’s ages range from 1–9 years with an average age of 6 (±2) years. The index case was a 9 year old male. The performance indicator target for outbreak control measures was achieved. Ninety percent of the cases were investigated within 48 hours. Specimens such as serum blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected within the optimal period to test for measles IgG and IgM antibody.Conclusions: This outbreak demonstrates the increased susceptibility of unvaccinated children aged 6–11 months. To prevent possible future outbreaks, community awareness through educational campaigns, a review of children’s vaccination records, enhanced community surveillance and a measles ‘catch-up’ mass immunization campaign to interrupt chains of transmission are necessary.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population outbreak"
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Guy, Lionel, Cecilia Jernberg, Jenny Arven Norling, Sofie Ivarsson, Ingela Hedenstrom, Ojar Melefors, Ulrika Liljedahl, Lars Engstrand, and Siv G. E. Andersson. "Adaptive Mutations and Replacements of Virulence Traits in the Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak Population." Uppsala universitet, Molekylär evolution, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202921.
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The sequencing of highly virulent Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains isolated during the outbreak of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in Europe in 2011 revealed a genome that contained a Shiga toxin encoding prophage and a plasmid encoding enteroaggregative fimbriae. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a strain isolated in Sweden from a patient who had travelled to Tunisia in 2010 (E112/10) and was found to differ from the outbreak strains by only 38 SNPs in non-repetitive regions, 16 of which were mapped to the branch to the outbreak strain. We identified putatively adaptive mutations in genes for transporters, outer surface proteins and enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. A comparative analysis with other historical strains showed that E112/10 contained Shiga toxin prophage genes of the same genotype as the outbreak strain, while these genes have been replaced by a different genotype in two otherwise very closely related strains isolated in the Republic of Georgia in 2009. We also present the genome sequences of two enteroaggregative E. coli strains affiliated with phylogroup A (C43/90 and C48/93) that contain the agg genes for the AAF/I-type fimbriae characteristic of the outbreak population. Interestingly, C43/90 also contained a tet/mer antibiotic resistance island that was nearly identical in sequence to that of the outbreak strain, while the corresponding island in the Georgian strains was most similar to E. coli strains of other serotypes. We conclude that the pan-genome of the outbreak population is shared with strains of the A phylogroup and that its evolutionary history is littered with gene replacement events, including most recently independent acquisitions of antibiotic resistance genes in the outbreak strains and its nearest neighbors. The results are summarized in a refined evolutionary model for the emergence of the O104:H4 outbreak population.
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Cufos, Nádia Soraia Segredo Spiro. "Genetic analysis of Theileria orientalis population in cattle following a theileriosis outbreak in Victoria, Australia." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4992.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaBovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by one or more haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Theileria. In the past, Theileria infection in cattle in Australia was largely asymptomatic and recognized to be associated with Theileria buffeli. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of theileriosis have occurred in beef and dairy cattle in subtropical climatic regions (New South Wales) of Australia. There is also one published report of a recent theileriosis outbreak on a beef farm near Seymour in the south-eastern state of Victoria. In order to gain an improved insight into the genetic composition of Theileria populations following this outbreak, we undertook herein an integrated PCR-coupled mutation scanning-sequencing-phylogenetic analysis of sequence variation in part of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene within and among samples from cattle involved in the outbreak. Theileria DNA was detected in 89.4% of 94 cattle on the Seymour farm; the genetic analysis showed that the ikeda and chitose genotypes representing the Theileria orientalis complex were detected in 75% and 4.8% of 84 infected cattle, respectively, and that mixed populations of these two genotypes were found in 20.2% of infected cattle. Given unpublished reports of a significant increase in the number of outbreaks in Victoria, future investigations should focus sharply on elucidating the epidemiology of Theileria to subvert the economic impact on the cattle industry in this state. Although used here to explore genetic variation within the T. orientalis complex in Australia, a mutation scanning-based approach has broad applicability to other species of Theileria in other countries.
RESUMO - ANÁLISE GENÉTICA DE POPULAÇÕES DE THEILERIA ORIENTALIS, EM BOVINOS, APÓS UM SURTO DE THEILERIOSE EM VITORIA, AUSTRÁLIA - A teileriose é uma doença transmitida por carraças e causada por hemoprotozoários pertencentes a uma ou mais espécies do género Theileria. Historicamente, a infecção de gado na Austrália, com este parasita, é considerada assintomática e associada especificamente à espécie Theileria buffeli. Contudo, nos últimos anos, surtos de teileriose têm ocorrido tanto em explorações de carne como de leite em regiões de clima subtropical da Austrália (Nova Gales do Sul). Recentemente foi publicado um relatório, correspondente a um surto de teileriose perto de Seymour, Victoria, um estado a sudeste do país. A fim de obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a composição genética das populações de Theileria envolvidas neste surto, foi levado a cabo um sistema de análise integrada de PCR - análise de mutações – sequenciação– filogenia, das variações existentes na sequência de parte do gene codificador da principal proteína de superfície do piroplasma (major piroplasm surface protein – MPSP), dentro e entre diferentes amostras provenientes de animais residentes na exploração envolvida no surto. O ADN do parasita foi detectado em 89,4% de 94 bovinos testados, na exploração de Seymour e a subsequente análise genética mostrou que os genótipos Ikeda e Chitose, representativos do complexo formado por diferentes estirpes pertencentes à espécie Theileria orientalis, foram detectados em 75% e 4,8% de 84 animais infectados, respectivamente, e que populações mistas compostas por ambos os genótipos foram detectadas em 20,2% desses mesmos animais. Dado que, relatórios não publicados apontam para um aumento significativo do número de surtos de teileriose em Victoria, futuras investigações deverão centrar-se fortemente na elucidação da epidemiologia deste parasita, a fim de avaliar o impacto económico que este poderá ter sobre a indústria bovina neste Estado. Ademais, apesar de usados neste estudo para explorar a variação genética das populações de T. orientalis na Austrália, uma abordagem baseada na análise de mutações tem ampla aplicabilidade para outras espécies de Theileria presentes em outros países.
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Nel, Petrus Johannes. "An outbreak of equine sarcoid in a population of Cape Mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) a retrospective study /." Diss., Electronic thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092008-160050/.
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Cheatwood, Joseph Laton. "An outbreak of fungal dermatitis and stomatitis in a wild population of pigmy rattlesnakes, Sistrurus miliarius barbouri, in Florida description, factors, cyclicity, and prevention /." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2000. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/ane5876.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2000.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 66 p.; also contains graphics. Abstract copied from student-submitted information. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-65).
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Fatima, Abdouchakour. "Réservoir environnemental, persistance et succès épidémiologique des populations de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans un hôpital." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT102/document.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogène d’origine environnementale capable de croître et de persister dans les systèmes de distribution d’eau et la plomberie. A l’hôpital, la fréquence des infections et épidémies associées aux soins dues à P. aeruginosa soulève de nombreuses questions quant à son cycle de transmission à l’homme dans l’environnement hospitalier. La situation épidémiologique du Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier a permis d’établir une collection de 730 souches de P. aeruginosa isolées durant une période de 9 ans. Cette collection est représentative des différentes niches environnementales et de deux périodes épidémiologiques marquées. Les souches cliniques impliquées dans des phénomènes épidémiques et des infections graves ont aussi été collectées. L’analyse génétique et phénétique de cette collection a pour objectif de mieux comprendre la structure, la dynamique et la persistance des populations de P. aeruginosa dans divers réservoirs environnementaux hospitaliers ainsi que les relations entre les réservoirs environnementaux et le succès épidémiologique des populations de P. aeruginosa.L’analyse intégrée des données obtenues dans les trois parties de cette étude convergent vers les résultats principaux suivants. Les réservoirs environnementaux médico-technologiques présentent une forte dynamique avec des phénomènes d’émergence clonale en relation avec les traitements réalisés sur les réseaux. A l’échelle d’un hôpital, le réservoir environnemental est directement impliqué dans les phénomènes épidémiques. La rupture du cycle homme/environnement par des barrières physiques conduit à un changement de situation épidémiologique avec une limitation de l’importance et de la fréquence des épidémies clonales. De plus, les souches les plus ubiquitaires et les plus persistantes dans l’environnement correspondent aux génotypes à fort risque épidémique local et mondial ou clones EHR (Epidemic High Risk). La structure de population de P. aeruginosa au sein de l’hôpital est similaire à celle de la population mondiale ou à celle décrite dans d’autres études : une structure épidémique avec la recombinaison qui a un effet prépondérant sur l’émergence des lignées. Le clone EHR majoritaire ST308 est plus résistant aux antibiotiques que les clones prévalants dans l’hôpital mais non impliqués dans des épidémies. Toutefois, la caractérisation de 46 souches du clone EHR majoritaire, ST308, montre une extrême variabilité au sein du génotype avec, en particulier, des comportements divers en termes de résistance aux antibiotiques. La forte capacité de formation de biofilm et la faible motilité décrites dans la littérature comme caractéristique des clones EHR ne sont pas observées dans cette étude. Notre principale hypothèse est que le succès épidémique du clone EHR ST308 dans l’hôpital est lié à sa diversité intraclonale plutôt qu’à un caractère particulier partagé par toutes les souches EHR.Ce travail apporte des arguments forts en faveur de l’implication des réservoirs environnementaux hospitaliers dans les épidémies d’infections associées aux soins dues à P. aeruginosa. Dans le but de mieux contrôler ces épidémies, les résultats de cette étude incitent à la surveillance des clones EHR de P. aeruginosa quel que soit leur profil de résistance aux antibiotiques et à mettre en place des mesures barrières entre l’environnement hydrique et le patient dès qu’un réservoir environnemental d’EHR se constitue.Mots clés : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, infections associées aux soins, épidémie, environnement, réseau d’eau, structure de population, clone à haut risque épidémique, résistance aux antibiotiques, biofilm, motilité, variabilité intraclonale, adaptationPseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmental pathogen that growths in water and plumbing systems. In hospital, the rate of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and outbreaks caused by P. aeruginosa raised questions about the cycle of its transmission to human beings in the hospital environment. P. aeruginosa epidemiology at the Montpellier Academic Hospital allowed to collect 730 strains isolated over a 9-years period. This collection is representative of various environmental niches and two marked epidemiological periods. Clinical strains involved in outbreak events and serious infections were also included in the study. Genetic and phenetic analysis were performed with the aim to understand structure, dynamics and persistence of P. aeruginosa populations in various hospital reservoirs as well as the relationships between environmental reservoirs and epidemic success of P. aeruginosa.The experimental study, organized in 3 parts, produced the following major results. Medical and technological reservoirs of P. aeruginosa are highly dynamic and clonal emergence occurs in these systems, particularly in relation with networks decontamination by biocides. At the hospital scale, environmental reservoirs are directly involved in outbreak events. Physical barriers between water and patients cut the cycle of transmission from environment to human and markedly changed the epidemiology with a decrease of outbreaks in frequency and incidence. Moreover, the most ubiquitary strains that also persists in environment correspond to Epidemic High Risk (EHR) clones that succeed locally and globally. Population structure of P. aeruginosa within the hospital is similar to the worldwide population or to more local populations previously described: an epidemic structure with a background of recombinations involved in lineages emergence. The major EHR clone ST308 is more resistant to antibiotics than other prevalent clones not involved in outbreaks. However, the study of 46 strains in ST308 showed extreme within genotype variability, particularly various behaviours against antimicrobial agents. Increased ability to form biofilm and decreased motility have been described in literature as specific traits of EHR clones but it is not observed in this study. Our main hypothesis is that epidemic success of EHR clone ST308 in the hospital was linked to its diversity and versatility rather than to specific characters shared by all EHR strains.This study provides strong arguments in favour of the involvement of P. aeruginosa environmental reservoirs in HAI outbreaks. For a better control of these outbreaks, a surveillance of EHR clones of P. aeruginosa should be implemented independently to their antibiotic resistance. Moreover, barriers between environment and patient should be established as soon as an environmental reservoir of EHR clone is detected.Key words : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Healthcare Associated Infections, outbreak, environment, water network, population structure, epidemic high risk clone, resistance to antibiotics, biofilm, motility, intraclonal variation, adaptation
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Batista, Camilla Luiza. "Diversidade genética em Plasmodium vivax: variação temporal e espacial em uma comunidade rural Amazônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-28112014-142452/.
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Para examinar como o nível de diversidade genética de Plasmodium vivax em uma comunidade varia no tempo e no espaço, investigamos a dinâmica de polimorfismos do parasito durante as primeiras fases de ocupação de um assentamento agrícola na Região Amazônica brasileira. A caracterização por microssatélites de 84 isolados de P. vivax, colhidos ao longo de três anos, revelou uma diversidade genética de moderada a alta (heterozigosidade esperada média, 0,699), com uma grande proporção (78,5%) de infecções por múltiplos clones (IMC), mas também um forte desequilíbrio de ligação (DL) consistente com um raro cruzamento entre os haplótipos. Observamos uma pequena influência temporal na diversidade genética dos haplótipos do parasito e nenhum padrão de distribuição espacial dos mesmos. Em amostras consecutivas colhidas de um mesmo indivíduo observou-se uma intensa renovação de haplótipos ao longo do tempo. Um único haplótipo foi compartilhado por três indivíduos cujas amostras foram colhidas durante um surto; todos os outros 81 haplótipos foram recuperados apenas uma vez. A menor diversidade parasitária, com a menor proporção de IMC e um DL mais intenso, foi observada no momento do surto, fornecendo um claro exemplo de uma estrutura populacional epidêmica de um patógeno humano. Todos os parâmetros populacionais retornaram aos valores prévios ao surto durantes os últimos anos de estudo, apesar da queda concomitante na transmissão de malária. Sugerimos que a genotipagem do parasito pode ser útil para monitorar a propagação de novas linhagens do parasito associadas a surtos em áreas que se aproximam da eliminação da malária.To examine how community-level genetic diversity of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax varies across time and space, we investigated the dynamics of parasite polymorphisms during the early phases of occupation of a frontier settlement in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Microsatellite characterization of 84 isolates of P. vivax sampled over 3 years revealed a moderate to high genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity, 0.699), with a large proportion (78.5%) of multiple-clone infections (MCI), but also a strong multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with rare outcrossing. Little temporal and no spatial clustering was observed in the distribution of parasite haplotypes. A single microsatellite haplotype was shared by 3 parasites collected during an outbreak; all other 81 haplotypes were recovered only once. The lowest parasite diversity, with the smallest proportion of MCI and the strongest LD, was observed at the time of the outbreak, providing a clear example of epidemic population structure in a human pathogen. Population genetic parameters returned to preoutbreak values during last 2 years of study, despite the concomitant decline in malaria incidence. We suggest that parasite genotyping can be useful for tracking the spread of new parasite strains associated with outbreaks in areas approaching malaria elimination.
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Pineau, Xavier. "Rôles de la compétition intraspécifique, des ennemis naturels et de la température dans la modulation des pullulations d’Ips sexdentatus (Börner)." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2009/document.
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Chez les scolytes (Curculionidae : Scolytinae) réalisant des pullulations éruptives, les processus conditionnant l’intensité et la durée des pullulations sont généralement mal connus. Nous avons étudié trois facteurs susceptibles de moduler les pullulations d’Ips sexdentatus (Börner) : la compétition intraspécifique, les ennemis naturels et la température. Les densités de colonisation et le seuil critique de densité d’attaques sur arbres ont été estimés lors d’une pullulation, et les effets de ces densités sur la productivité et la fitness des insectes ont été mesurés en laboratoire. L’entomofaune associée au scolyte a été étudiée dans des peuplements de pins présentant différents niveaux de dégâts de l’insecte. Les effets thermiques ont été estimés via des élevages à différentes températures. Les densités de colonisation sur arbres, ou celle correspondant à la valeur du seuil critique, ont fortement affecté la productivité et la fitness d’I. sexdentatus. L’entomofaune associée était peu sensible aux niveaux de population du scolyte, dont la productivité a cependant été réduite par la durée d’exposition aux ennemis naturels. L’estimation des besoins thermiques de l’espèce a permis de calculer qu’un réchauffement de 1°C augmenterait les effectifs et permettrait l’apparition d’une troisième génération annuelle, tout en réduisant la fitness des insectes. La compétition intraspécifique serait un facteur critique de régulation des pullulations d’I. sexdentatus alors que les ennemis naturels joueraient un rôle plus secondaire. Une élévation de température pourrait aggraver les pullulations mais aussi réduire la fitness des insectes et augmenter la compétition intraspécifiqueFor eruptive bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), the processes affecting the intensity and duration of outbreaks are generally poorly known. We have investigated three factors that may affect the population dynamics of Ips sexdentatus (Börner), namely the intraspecific competition, the natural enemies and the temperature. Colonization densities and the critical threshold of attack densities on trees have been estimated during an outbreak. How such densities affected the productivity and fitness of the beetles has been evaluated under laboratory conditions. The insect community associated with the bark beetle has been characterized in pine stands exhibiting different damage levels. To assess the thermal effects, the insects have been reared at different temperatures. Colonization densities on trees, or equivalent to the critical threshold of attacks, dramatically affected both the productivity and fitness of I. sexdentatus. The associated fauna was loosely related to the population levels of the bark beetle, although the duration of the exposure to the natural enemies affected its productivity. The assessment of thermal requirements allowed calculating that an average warming of 1°C during the activity period would increase the population levels and number of generations per year, but also decrease the beetles’ fitness. Intraspecific competition is probably a critical regulating factor for I. sexdentatus, while natural enemies would rather play a secondary role. A temperature increase could aggravate the outbreaks, but this could be counterbalanced by a fitness reduction and an increase of intraspecific competition
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Bédubourg, Gabriel. "Place des outils d'analyse des séries temporelles dans la surveillance épidémiologique pour la détection des épidémies et leur analyse : élaboration de nouveaux outils de détection et d'analyse étiologique des épidémies appliqués à la surveillance épidémiologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0739.
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La surveillance épidémiologique est le recueil systématique et continu d’informations sur l’état de santé des populations, leur analyse, leur interprétation et leur diffusion à tous les décideurs ayant besoin d’être informés. Un de ses objectifs est la détection des événements inhabituels, i.e. des épidémies, nécessitant la mise en place rapide de contre-mesures. Les objectifs de ce travail de thèse sont : (i) d’évaluer les principales méthodes statistiques de détection publiées et communément employées dans différents systèmes de surveillance épidémiologique, (ii) de proposer une nouvelle approche reposant sur la combinaison optimale de méthodes de détection statistique des épidémies et (iii) de développer une nouvelle méthode statistique d’analyse étiologique d’une épidémie à partir des données de surveillance épidémiologique collectées en routine par le système.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous évaluons les principales méthodes statistiques de la littérature, à partir d’un jeu publié de données simulées. Puis nous proposons une approche originale pour la détection des épidémies sur le principe de la combinaison de méthodes sélectionnées lors de l’étape précédente. Les performances de cette approche sont comparées aux précédentes selon la méthodologie utiliséeà la première étape. Enfin, nous proposons une méthode d’analyse étiologique d’une épidémie à partir des données de surveillance en employant des modèles statistiques adaptés aux séries chronologiquesPublic health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality of health-related events and to improve health. One of its objectives is the detection of unusualevents, i.e. outbreaks, requiring the rapid implementation of countermeasures.The objectives of this work are: (i) to evaluate the main published statistical methods for outbreak detection commonly implemented in different public health surveillance systems, (ii) to propose a new approach based on the optimal combination of statistical methods foroutbreak detection and benchmark it to other methods; and (iii) develop a new statistical method for the etiological analysis of an outbreak from public health surveillance data routinely collected by the system. To achieve these objectives, as a first step, we evaluate the main statistical methods, from a published set of simulated public health surveillance data. Statistical methods have been evaluated for an operational purpose: for all simulated time series, we used the tuning parameters recommended by their authors for each algorithm when available. We propose sensitivity and specificity metrics suitable for these tools. Then we propose an original approach for outbreak detection based on combination of methods selected in the previous step. The performance of this approach is compared to the previous ones according to the methodology implemented in the first step.Finally, we propose a method for the etiological analysis of an outbreak from surveillance data by using statistical models suitable for time series analysis
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Neighbor, Rebecca, Claire Gleadhill, and Kacie Denton. "Viral Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Outbreak in Rural Belize." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/196.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this project are to review current literature regarding conjunctivitis including the pathogens that cause conjunctivitis, how to diagnose and differentiate between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, and the different modalities to treating the disease with limited resources in rural communities. Then examine an outbreak of viral hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in rural Belize in October of 2017. This includes examining data collected by ETSU Family Medicine Department during health outreach clinics regarding diagnosis made, treatment provided, and comparing this information to a survey collected about social determinants of health. Finally, discuss the importance of disseminating public health education regarding how to limit the spread of contagious infections to a rural population with limited health literacy and access to resources.
METHODS:
In October of 2017 East Tennessee State University (ETSU) Quillen College of Medicine medical students, primary care physicians, and residents traveled to rural Belize to provide free primary care. The clinics consisted of seeing patients at both an established clinic in Roaring Creek, Belize and at remote health clinics in even more rural locations. Many of the patients who presented to the clinics had similar complaints of itchy, red, and productive eyes. Quantitative data was recorded from patient charts regarding their presenting symptoms, diagnosis, and the treatment. The data was organized utilizing microsoft excel and evaluated using SPSS and measures of central tendency. Qualitative data was also collected from interactions with patients and newspaper articles published in Belize about the conjunctivitis outbreak.
RESULTS:
The results showed that a total of 431 patients received care and 52% of them were diagnosed with conjunctivitis. 46.9% of the patients were determined to have viral conjunctivitis, while 2.8% of them had bacterial conjunctivitis. It was discovered that many patients utilized one reusable cloth to wipe their children's eyes repeatedly thus spreading the disease across and throughout the rural communities. It was found through careful conversations with patients that they were putting urine and breast milk into their eyes in hopes that it would help their pink eye. The Belize Ministry of Health Reported that there were 5,343 cases of pink eye countrywide, with a viral strain being more predominant than bacterial.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, extremely contagious diseases like conjunctivitis are dangerous in rural developing countries because of lack of education about hygiene and limited resources necessary to contain such diseases. While medication is not effective for viral conjunctivitis, it can have devastating consequences (e.g blindness) if a superinfection is not caught early in the course. Education can be the best medicine especially in cases of viral diseases. Patients were also provided with resources to wash their hands often, sterilized water to flush their eyes, and single use towels. A lesson on conjunctivitis, its complications, and how to prevent the spread of the disease was aired on public television. This reports provides examples of both practice creative ways to spread health literacy in rural populations with limited access to resources.
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Delamaire, Sophie. "Structuration génétique des populations de tordeuse du mélèze, Zeiraphera diniana (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), dans l'espace et dans le temps." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2017/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les insectes forestiers évoluent dans des écosystèmes particuliers caractérisés par leur longévité et leurs dimensions spatiales. Certains insectes forestiers, en particulier les défoliateurs, montrent des patterns de pullulations cycliques, parfois associés à un développement spatial précis. Zeiraphera diniana présente deux caractéristiques intéressantes (1) une temporelle et (2) une spatiale : (1) une très forte régularité dans la périodicité de ses pullulations observée depuis plus d’un millénaire. Les densités de population fluctuant drastiquement tous les 8 à 10 ans dans les Alpes, provoquant des défoliations impressionnantes sur de grandes surfaces forestières (2) le développement spatial du pic de pullulation suit un pattern de “traveling waves” avec une initiation toujours située dans une région Française appelée Briançonnais. En tant que première étude sur la génétique des populations de la tordeuse du mélèze à l’échelle de son aire de pullulation, cette thèse donne des éléments descriptifs sur les caractéristiques génétiques spatiales, avec une vision phylogéographique et historique. De plus, cette étude propose un regard sur la dynamique des populations complexe de cet insecte, en testant les prédictions génétiques correspondent aux modèles et hypothèses de dynamique existantsForest insects evolve in particular ecosystems characterized by their longevity and their spatial dimensions. Some populations of forest insects, in particular defoliators, exhibit a pattern of cyclic outbreaks that can be associated with particular spatial development. Zeiraphera diniana exhibits two interesting characteristics, a (1) temporal one and a (2) spatial one : (1) really high regularity in outbreak periodicity observed for more than a thousand years. Population densities fluctuate dramatically with outbreaks every 8 to 10 years in the Alps, causing spectacular defoliation of large stands of larch forests (2) the outbreak spatial development follows a travelling wave pattern always initiated from an area located in a French area called Briançonnais. As the first study on population genetics of the larch budmoth all over its outbreak range, this PhD gives descriptive elements on the spatial genetic characteristics of the insect, with an insight in its phylogeography and past history. This study furthermore gives a spatio-temporal insight in the complex population dynamics observed, by testing genetic predictions corresponding to existing population dynamics models and hypotheses
Books on the topic "Population outbreak"
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Mason, Richard R. Case history of population change in a Bacillus thuringiensis-treated vs. an untreated outbreak of the western spruce budworm. [Portland, Or.] (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996.
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Mason, Richard R. Case history of population change in a Bacillus thuringiensis-treated vs. an untreated outbreak of the western spruce budworm. Portland, Or: United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996.
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1944-, Barbosa Pedro, and Schultz Jack C, eds. Insect outbreaks. San Diego: Academic Press, 1987.
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Insect outbreaks revisited. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
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Isaev, A. S., V. G. Soukhovolsky, O. V. Tarasova, E. N. Palnikova, and A. V. Kovalev. Forest Insect Population Dynamics, Outbreaks, and Global Warming Effects. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119407508.
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Rigdon, Steven E., and Ronald D. Fricker. Monitoring the Health of Populations by Tracking Disease Outbreaks. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020] | Series: ASA-CRC series on statistical reasoning in science and society: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315182384.
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Nōrin Suisan Gijutsu Kaigi. Jimukyoku. Kankyō hendō ni tomonau kaiyō seibutsu daihassei no yosoku, seigyo gijutsu no kaihatsu: Kurage-rui no daihassei yosoku, seigyo gijutsu no kaihatsu = Study for the prediction and control of the population outbreak of the marine life in relation to environmental change : studies of prediction and control of jellyfish outbreaks (STOPJELLY). Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Nōrin Suisanshō Nōrin Suisan Gijutsu Kaigi Jimukyoku, 2014.
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Nōrin Suisan Gijutsu Kaigi. Jimukyoku. Kankyō hendō ni tomonau kaiyō seibutsu daihassei no yosoku, seigyo gijutsu no kaihatsu: Gyoshu kōtai no yosoku, riyō gijutsu no kaihatsu = Study for the prediction and control of the population outbreak of the marine life in relation to environmental change : studies of prediction and application of fish species alternation. Tōkyō-to Chiyoda-ku: Norin Suisanshō Nōrin Suisan Gijutsu Kaigai Jimukyoku, 2014.
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Thomas, Amanda J. The Lambeth cholera outbreak of 1848-1849: The setting, causes, course and aftermath of an epidemic in London. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2010.
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Thomas, Amanda J. The Lambeth cholera outbreak of 1848-1849: The setting, causes, course, and aftermath of an epidemic in London. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Population outbreak"
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Royama, T. "Dynamics of the spruce budworm outbreak processes." In Analytical Population Dynamics, 298–342. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2916-9_9.
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Chakraborty, Arijit, Sajal Mitra, Dipankar Das, Debashis De, and Anindya J. Pal. "Fuzzy Time Series Forecasting of COVID-2019 Outbreak: A Case Study of U.S. Population." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 57–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4968-1_5.
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Sarkady, Daniel, Larissa Neuburger, and Roman Egger. "Virtual Reality as a Travel Substitution Tool During COVID-19." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 452–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_44.
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AbstractThe pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has profoundly affected the global leisure and tourism industry, with international travel bans affecting over 90% of the world’s population. Widespread restrictions on community mobility have resulted in a projected decline of international tourism arrivals up to 30%. The rapid development of Virtual Reality (VR) and its effectiveness in the simulation of real-life experiences provides an opportunity for virtual holiday making especially when actual travel is not possible. Based on a quantitative study with 193 participants, the role of VR as a substitute for physical travel during the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 was examined, more specifically by looking at the relationship between perceived risk to travel and technological acceptance of VR. The findings suggest that tourists use VR as a travel substitute during and even after a pandemic. However, perceived risk does not play a significant role when it comes to using VR.
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Spencer, Sarah, and Anna Triandafyllidou. "Irregular Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 191–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_12.
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AbstractIrregular migration is a multifaceted, dynamic phenomenon that has attracted disproportionate media and political attention since the early 2000s. It has been at the forefront of the political debate in most of the European Union’s Member States since the outbreak of the so-called ‘migration crisis’ of 2015. Indeed, the political attention paid to irregular migration is disproportionate to its volume. Migrants are estimated to represent 3.3% of the world’s population (IOM, 2017, from UNDESA, 2017) with migrants in an irregular situation between 15% and 20% of them. This is approximately 1% of the global population, some 30–40 million individuals worldwide (UN OHCHR, 2014; ILO, 2015). In the USA, the undocumented population was estimated in 2015 to be 11 million (Rosenblum & Ruiz Soto, 2015); while in Europe it was estimated to be 1.9–3.8 million in 2008 (Kovacheva & Vogel, 2009); and between 2.9 and 3.8 million in 2018 (Pew Research Centre, 2019).
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Pandey, Amit, Tucha Kedir, Rajesh Kumar, and Deepak Sinwar. "Analyzing Effects of Temperature, Humidity, and Urban Population in the Initial Outbreak of COVID19 Pandemic in India." In Data Engineering for Smart Systems, 469–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2641-8_45.
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Boado-Penas, María del Carmen, Gustavo Demarco, Julia Eisenberg, Kristoffer Lundberg, and Şule Şahin. "All-Hands-On-Deck!—How International Organisations Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Springer Actuarial, 127–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_7.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is affecting all countries. Since the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2021, governments across the world have mobilised on a tremendous scale and put in place different policies to contain the spread of the virus and its negative effects on society. International organisations have supported these efforts through evidence-based policy recommendations and emergency financing packages. This chapter presents a brief overview of the responses made by international organisations and European Union towards COVID-19. Special attention is given to the guidance of these organisations on the changes in social insurance and pension plans to protect the most vulnerable population groups.
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Pandey, Amit, Rajesh Kumar, Deepak Sinwar, Tesfaye Tadele, and Linesh Raja. "Assessing the Role of Age, Population Density, Temperature and Humidity in the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 725–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6984-9_57.
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Kessler, André, Katja Poveda, and Erik H. Poelman. "Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics." In Insect Outbreaks Revisited, 89–112. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118295205.ch5.
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Nwaogu, Chukwudi. "Improving Food Security by Adapting and Mitigating Climate Change-Induced Crop Pest: The Novelty of Plant-Organic Sludge in Southern Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1659–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_135.
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AbstractClimate change is a global issue threatening food security, environmental safety, and human health in tropical and developing countries where people depend mainly on agriculture for their livelihood. Nigeria ranks among the top in the global yam production. It has the largest population in Africa and has been able to secure food for its growing population through food crops especially yam. Unfortunately, the recent increase in termites’ colonies due to climate change threatens yam yield. Besides harming man and environment, pesticides are expensive and not easily accessible to control the pests. This prompted a study which aimed at applying a biotrado-cultural approach in controlling the termites, as well as improving soil chemical properties and yam production. The study hypothesized that Chromolaena odorata and Elaeis guineensis sludge improved soil nutrient and yam yield and consequently decreased termites’ outbreak. In a randomized design experiment of five blocks and five replicates, five different treatments including unmanaged (UM), Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Chromolaena odorata (CO), Elaeis guineensis (EG) liquid sludge, and fipronil (FP) were applied in termites-infested agricultural soil. Data were collected and measured on the responses of soil chemical properties, termites, and yam yield to treatments using one-way ANOVA, regression, and multivariate analyses. The result showed that Chromolaena odorata (CO) and EG treatments were the best treatments for controlling termites and increase yam production. Termites were successfully controlled in VA and FP treatments, but the control was not commensurate with yam production. The experiment needs to be extended to other locations in the study region. It also requires an intensive and long-term investigation in order to thoroughly understand (i) the influence of climate change on the termites’ outbreak, (ii) the extent of termite damage to the crops, (iii) the impacts of climate change and variability on yam yields, (iii) the agricultural and economic benefits of the applied treatments, and (iv) the ecological and human health safety of the treatments.
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Lindström, Torsten. "Mathematics and Recurrent Population Outbreaks." In Handbook of the Mathematics of the Arts and Sciences, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70658-0_33-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Population outbreak"
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Martin, Wolkewitz,. "Analysing Outbreak Data in a Heterogeneous Population with Migration." In Modeling and Control in Biomedical Systems, edited by Rees, Stephen, Chair Andreassen, Steen and Andreassen, Steen. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090812-3-dk-2006.00054.
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Elkinton, Joseph S. "Population dynamics and biological control of outbreak populations of winter moth in the northeastern United States." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94158.
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Li, Yunna. "Impact of inter-city population mobility and public transportation policies on infectious epidemics." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/aoto6191.
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This study takes the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 as the research object, and obtains the population outflow data of Wuhan from January 1 to February 1, 2020 based on the Baidu Migration Big Data system, and compares the data on the number of epidemics in each city published on the official website, studies the relevance of population movement between cities and epidemic infection, and analyzes the role of policy-oriented epidemic control by controlling public transportation during special periods of infectious diseases. The results show that the spread of the infectious epidemic between cities in the early outbreak stage is strongly correlated with the population outflow from the source city of the infection. After the traffic connection is cut off in the later stage, it is more related to crowd gathering and prevention and control measures; During the special epidemic period, we should not blindly advocate the “public transportation priority” policy. We should distinguish between passenger and freight transportation, formulate rough rules at the inter-regional and intra-city traffic levels, and specify corresponding safeguards under the framework of the “Healthy City”.
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Mulhem, Rawabi Al, Almunif Sara, El-Saed Aiman, Alshamrani Majid, and Balkhy Hanan. "65 Outbreak of measles and mumps in the national guard population in riyadh, 2018." In Patient Safety Forum 2019, Conference Proceedings, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-psf.65.
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Mansour, Osama, Miranda Kajtazi, and Ahmad Ghazawneh. "Using Mobile Data for Understanding Population Movement and Disease Transmission during Covid-19 Outbreak in the Nordics." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.860.
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Ramsingh, J., and V. Bhuvaneswari. "A Big Data Framework to Analyze Risk Factors of Diabetes Outbreak in Indian Population Using a Map Reduce Algorithm." In 2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccons.2018.8663143.
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Agwatu, Chioma O., Abimbola I. Alao, Omotayo F. Awomuse, and Sakiru A. Ogundele. "The Use of Cloud HD Video Meeting (Zoom) in Addressing Covid-19 Pandemic in Some Selected Universities in Rivers State, Nigeria." In Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Journal Publication. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams/lasustech2022v30p2.
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At a time in the world of Education, there was a strange virus that tried to infect everybody that came into contact with it and that is the COVID-19 which for now has gained wide acceptance across the globe by Lecturers. In response to the emerging and ever solution to the COVID-19 outbreak, this study proposes a theoretical framework based on literature and model to determined Cloud HD Video Meeting (Zoom) success. Two research questions were answered and one hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study consisted of 184 students and 20 lecturers in two Universities in Rivers State. The entire population was used as sample. A five point scale questionnaire was used to provide answers for each questionnaire item. While t-test, was used in testing the hypothesis. The major findings was that teaching and learning was only done on face to face method but because of COVID-19 outbreak it was compulsory for teach/learn to be done through e-technologies. It was concluded that Cloud HD Video Meeting (Zoom)services adaptability should be taking seriously by all concerned in other to help to curb the spread of COVID-19 in our schools. It was recommended that students must start to unfailingly use Cloud HD Video Meeting (Zoom) and other E-learning tools in other to help in curbing COVID-19 spread in our Universities. Keywords: Zoom, Learning /Teaching, E-learning, System, Information quality, University
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Athanassoglou, V., H. Zhong, J. Poeran, J. Liu, C. Cozowicz, A. Illescas, and SG Memtsoudis. "B65 Anesthesia practice in the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in the united states: a population-based cohort study." In ESRA Abstracts, 39th Annual ESRA Congress, 22–25 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2022-esra.140.
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Gazimova, V. G., A. S. Shastin, and V. O. Ruzakov. "THE MORBIDITY WITH A TEMPORARY INCAPACITY FOR WORK IN RUSSIA DURING THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC OUTBREAK." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-122-126.
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Abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has had a global impact on all spheres of social life and population health. A study of the influence of a novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the working population health is an up-to-date issue. The objective is to assess changes in the morbidity with a temporary incapacity for work during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. Methods. We have analyzed the data on the morbidity with a temporary incapacity for work obtained from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system. The change in the rates in 2020 is determined regarding the long-run annual average over 2015-2019 years. We ranked the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Results. In 2020, there was an increase in all three indicators of a temporary incapacity for work nationwide and in all federal districts. We compared two indicators: “the number of days of temporary incapacity per 100 workers” and “the number of cases of temporary incapacity per 100 workers”. It has emerged that the first indicator is higher both nationwide and in all federal districts than the second one, which is typical for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. In 2020, there was an increase in the morbidity with a temporary incapacity for work in the Russian Federation as a whole and in all federal districts. It was evaluated according to the indicators: “the number of cases of temporary incapacity per 100 workers”, “the number of days of temporary incapacity per 100 workers” and “an average duration of a temporary incapacity for work”. There was a decrease in the number of cases and days of temporary incapacity for work per 100 employees in five constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Moreover, a decrease in the average duration of a single case was found in six regions. A reduction in the admission number may be the reason for an increase in the duration of a single case of a temporary incapacity for work. Additionally, the limited availability of an elective care is also a determining factor
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Crivelaro, Julia, Ana Claudia Piccolo, Ana Carolina Amaral de Andrade, Henrique Aguera, Julia Dallana, and Amélia Zambon. "Manifestations of COVID-19 infection in patients with Multiple sclerosis and Neuromyelitis optica." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.216.
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Introduction: The pandemic caused by the new SARS-Cov2 coronavirus, raised concerns about the impact of COVID19 on patients with autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the Neuromyelitis Optic Spectrum (ENMO), undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory and monoclonal antibodies. Objective: To analyze the clinical evolution of COVID19 in patients diagnosed with MS and ENMO. Methods: retrospective study including patients diagnosed with MS and ENMO at the demyelinating disease outpatient clinic at Hospital Santa Marcelina, who were diagnosed with COVID 19 from April 2020 to April 2021. Results: 27 patients were included, with a mean age of ± 41.74 years (21 - 63 years), four with ENMO (14.81%) and twenty-three (85.19%) with Multiple Sclerosis (91.3 % with Sending MS - Recurrent (RR), and 8.7% with Secondary MS - Progressive (SP)). No patient had an outbreak, and only one (3.7%) had a pseudo-outbreak, 21 patients (77.8%) had nasal / oropharyngeal swab with positive RT-PCR for SARS-Cov2, 02 patients had negative RT-PCR and positive IgG (7 , 4%), and 04 patients (14.8%) with RT-PCR and serology not performed (presumed diagnosis of COVID19). Twenty patients (74%) had mild symptoms of COVID19, two (7.5%) with moderate symptoms, and another five (18.5%) with severe symptoms (admitted to the ICU), none of whom died. Four patients (14.8%) had an altered chest tomography (ground-glass pattern). Seven patients (34%) had some clinical or psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusion: The manifestations and complications of COVID-19 in this group of patients were similar to those presented by the general population.
Reports on the topic "Population outbreak"
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Maeno, Yoshiharu. Epidemiological geographic profiling for a meta-population network. Web of Open Science, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/ser.v1i2.78.
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Epidemiological geographic profiling is a statistical method for making inferences about likely areas of a source from the geographical distribution of patients. Epidemiological geographic profiling algorithms are developed to locate a source from the dataset on the number of new cases for a meta-population network model. It is found from the WHO dataset on the SARS outbreak that Hong Kong remains the most likely source throughout the period of observation. This reasoning is pertinent under the restricted circumstance that the number of reported probable cases in China was missing, unreliable, and incomprehensive. It may also imply that globally connected Hong Kong was more influential as a spreader than China. Singapore, Taiwan, Canada, and the United States follow Hong Kong in the likeliness ranking list
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Mason, R. R., and H. G. Paul. Case history of population change in a Bacillus thuringiensis-treated vs. an untreated outbreak of the western spruce budworm. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-521.
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Kaawa-Mafigiri, David, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Tabitha Hrynick. Key Considerations for RCCE in the 2022 Ebola Outbreak Response in Greater Kampala, Uganda. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.037.
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On 20 September 2022, an outbreak of the Sudan strain of Ebola Virus Disease – SVD – was announced as the first laboratory-confirmed patient was identified in a village in Mubende District in central Uganda. Uganda’s Ministry of Health (MoH) activated the National Task Force and developed and deployed a National Response Plan, which includes the activation of District Task Forces. The target areas include the epicentre (Mubende and Kassanda districts) and surrounding areas, as well as Masaka, Jinja and Kampala cities. This is of great concern, as Kampala is the capital city with a high population and linkages to neighbouring districts and international locations (via Entebbe Airport). It is also a serious matter given that there has been no outbreak of Ebola before in the city. This brief details how Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) activities and approaches can be adapted to reach people living in Greater Kampala to increase adoption of preventive behaviours and practices, early recognition of symptoms, care seeking and case reporting. The intended audiences include the National Task Force and District Task Forces in Kampala, Mukono, and Wakiso Districts, and other city-level RCCE practitioners and responders. The insights in this brief were collected from emergent on-the-ground observations from the current outbreak by embedded researchers, consultations with stakeholders, and a rapid review of relevant published and grey literature. This brief, requested by UNICEF Uganda, draws from the authors’ experience conducting social science research on Ebola preparedness and response in Uganda. It was written by David Kaawa-Mafigiri (Makerere University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (Institute of Development Studies (IDS)), and Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), with contributions from the MoH, UNICEF, the Center for Health, Human Rights and Development (CEHURD), the Uganda Harm Reduction Network (UHRN), Population Council and CLEAR Global/Translators without Borders. It includes some material from a SSHAP brief developed by Anthrologica and the London School of Economics. It was reviewed by the Uganda MoH, University of Waterloo, Anthrologica, IDS and the RCCE Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Lees, Shelley, and Mark Marchant. Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics Between Uganda and Tanzania in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.046.
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This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Tanzania and Uganda in the context of the outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Rwanda; Tanzania; Kenya and South Sudan. The current outbreak is of the Sudan strain of Ebola (SVD). SVD is used in this paper to refer to the current outbreak in East Africa, whereas outbreaks of Zaire Ebolavirus disease or general references to Ebola are referred to as EVD. The current outbreak began in Mubende, Uganda, on 19 September 2022, approximately 240km from the Uganda-Tanzania border. It has since spread to nine Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization, its presence in the Ugandan capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. At the time of writing, there had been no cases of Ebola imported from Uganda into Tanzania. This brief provides details about cross-border relations, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and specific areas and actors most at risk. It is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, previous ethnographic research in Tanzania, and informal discussions with colleagues from the Tanzania’s Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC), Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Uganda Red Cross Society, Tanzania Red Cross Society (TRCS), International Organization for Migration (IOM), IFRC, US CDC and CDC Tanzania. The brief was developed by Shelley Lees and Mark Marchant (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) with support from Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh). Additional review and inputs were provided by The Tanzania Red Cross and UNICEF. The brief is the responsibility of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP).
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Lamarque, Hugh. Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics between Uganda and Rwanda in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022. SSHAP, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.044.
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This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Uganda and Rwanda in the context of the 2022 outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Rwanda; Tanzania; Kenya; and South Sudan. The outbreak began in Mubende, Uganda on 19 September 2022, approximately 300 kilometres from the Uganda-Rwanda border. At the time of writing (November 2022) it has spread to nine Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization, its presence in the Uganda capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. Rwanda is categorised as Priority 1, with significant preparedness activities underway. As of November 2022, there had been no case of SVD imported from Uganda into Rwanda, although alerts have been triggered at border posts. This brief provides details about cross-border relations, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and specific areas and actors most at risk. It is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, news reports, previous ethnographic research in Rwanda and Uganda, and informal discussions with colleagues from Save the Children, UNICEF, UNECA, UNDP, IOM, TBI, and the World Bank. It was requested by the Collective Service, written by Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh) and supported by Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica. It was reviewed by colleagues from Save the Children, Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies and the Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Lamarque, Hugh, and Hannah Brown. Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics Between Uganda and Kenya in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.043.
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This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Uganda and Kenya in the context of the outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Kenya; Rwanda; Tanzania, and South Sudan. The outbreak began in Mubende District, Uganda on 19 September 2022, approximately 340km from the Kenyan border. At the time of writing (December 2022), the outbreak had spread to eight Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization (WHO), its presence in the Ugandan capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. Kenya is categorised as a priority level 1 country, following a case in Jinja on the road between Kampala and the Kenyan border, on 13 November 2022. A total of 23 suspected cases were tested in Kenya up to 1 December 2022, all with negative results. To date, no case of SVD has been imported into the country from Uganda. This brief provides details about cross-border relations between the two states, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and the specific areas and actors most at risk. The brief is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, news reports, previous ethnographic research in Kenya and Uganda, and informal discussions with colleagues from the International Organisation for Migration, UNICEF, UNDP, Save the Children, the Kenyan Red Cross Society, the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) and Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries in Kenya, and the Safe Water and AIDS project in Kisumu. It was requested by the Collective Service, written by Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh) and Hannah Brown (Durham University) and supported by Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). It was further reviewed by colleagues from Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies, and the Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Cunningham, Stuart, Marion McCutcheon, Mark Ryan, Susan Kerrigan, Phillip McIntyre, and Greg Hearn. ‘Creative Hotspots’ in the regions: Key thematic insights and findings from across Australia. Queensland University of Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227753.
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Description The Creative Hotspots project, or as it was officially titled Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis, was an expansive, four-year project funded by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant (LP160101724). This comprehensive national study investigated the contemporary dynamics of cultural and creative activity in largely regional and non-capital cities and towns across Australia before the outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020. In total, the project conducted fieldwork in 17 creative and cultural hotspots across five states: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia, and South Australia, examining what makes each hotspot “hot”, identifying the dynamics that underpinned their high concentrations of creative and cultural employment and activity. This White Paper outlines the project's findings and outcomes.
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Peitz, David. White-tailed deer monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Missouri: 2005–2022 trend report. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295163.
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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network has monitored white-tailed deer over an 18-year period (2005–2022) within a defined survey area of Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, documenting both a rapid decline and recovery in the population. The rapid die-off was the result of a region-wide hemorrhagic disease outbreak reported by the Missouri Department of Conservation that started in the fall of 2005, six months after we initiated deer monitoring. Although declines occurred 2005 to 2007, 2016 to 2017, and 2019 to 2022, the deer population still increased on average by 7.2% annually. The number of deer in the survey area ranged from a low of 14.9 ± 10.1 (mean ± 95% CI) individuals/km2 in 2007 to a high of 167.2 ± 57.4 individuals/km2 in 2016. The visible area surveyed each year varied between 0.7 and 1.1 km2 (coefficient of variation = 14.1%). Annual deer harvest data in the area nearby Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield exhibit similar trends to our annual adjusted counts suggesting that factors other than hunting maybe driving annual changes in deer population size in most years. However, these trends were not significantly correlated (r = 0.34, p = 0.33), so this relationship is only speculative. Overall, the increasing number of deer pose several problems for Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield. First, increasing deer populations add a level of complexity to implementing Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield Cultural Landscape Report recommendations. Deer preferentially browse native vegetation over exotic vegetation, promoting the spread of exotic species, and the success of tree plantings can be curtailed by heavy deer browsing. Second, controlling deer-related disease, some of which can affect domestic livestock and human health in and around the park, becomes increasingly harder as the deer population increases. Third, as additional ancillary data suggests, the largely unreported and costly deer-vehicle collisions in and around Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield have the potential to increase when there are more deer.
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Harari, Ally R., Russell A. Jurenka, Ada Rafaeli, and Victoria Soroker. Evolution of resistance to mating disruption in the pink bollworm moth evidence and possible mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598165.bard.
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t The pink bollworm, Pectinophoragossypiellais a key pest of cotton world-wide. In Israel mating disruption sex pheromone is used in all cotton fields and recent repeated outbreaks of the pest populations has suggested a change in the population sex pheromone characteristics. The research goals were to (1) determine the change in pheromone characteristic of PBW females after long experience to Mating Disruption (MD), (2) to test the male’s antennae response (EAG) to pheromone characteristics of laboratory, naive females, and of field collected, MD experienced females, (3) to analyse the biosynthetic pathway for possible enzyme variations, (4) to determine the male behavioural response to the pheromone blend involved in the resistance to MD. The experiments revealed that (1) MD experienced females produced pheromone blend with higher ZZ ratio than lab reared (MD naive females) that typically produced ZZ:EE ratio of 1:1. (2) Male’s origin did not affect its response to pheromone characteristics of lab or field females. (3) A transcriptome study demonstrated many gene-encode enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, but some of the transcripts were produced in differing levels in the MD resistant populations. (4) Male origin (field or lab) influenced males’ choice of mate with strong preference to females sharing the same origin. However, when MD was applied, males of both populations were more attracted to females originated form failed MD treated fields. We conclude that in MD failed fields a change in the population mean of the ratio of the pheromone components had occurred. Males in these fields had changed their search “image” accordingly while keeping the wide range of response to all pheromone characteristics. The change in the pheromone blend is due to different level of pheromone related enzyme production.
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Levesque, Justine, Jordan Babando, Nathaniel Loranger, and Shantel Johnson. COVID-19 prevalence and infection control measures at homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries: a scoping review. The Homeless Hub, York University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/10315/38850.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted homeless populations and service workers, especially within homeless shelter/hostel settings. To date, there have been few evidence syntheses examining outbreaks of COVID-19 among both homeless shelters residents and service workers, nor has there been a critically engaged summary of relevant infection control and prevention (IPAC) measures. This scoping review offers a timely and much-needed synthesis of COVID-19 prevalence within homeless shelters and a review of current and pertinent IPAC measures. Methods: We conducted a scoping review in June 2021 that synthesized academic and grey literature published from March 2020 to July 2021 pertaining to 1) the prevalence of COVID-19 among both residents and staff in homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries, and 2) COVID-19 IPAC strategies applied in these settings. Two reviewers independently screened the results of the literature search of several databases that included MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and the WHO’s COVID-19 Global Health Portal. All the extracted data was mapped, categorized, and thematically discussed. Results: Thematic analysis of included literature revealed five key themes: 1) the demographics of COVID-19 in homeless shelters, 2) asymptomatic spread, 3) pre-existing vulnerability of the homeless and shelters, 4) the limited application of IPAC, and 5) IPAC effectiveness. Conclusion: This review offers a useful glimpse into the landscape of COVID-19 outbreaks in homeless shelters/hostels and the major contributing factors to these events. The scoping review revealed that there is no clear indication of generally accepted IPAC standards for homeless populations and shelter care workers. This review also illustrated a great need for future research to establish IPAC best practices as well as additional resources for shelter systems to protect residents and staff at homeless shelters/hostels in high-income countries. Finally, the findings from this review reaffirm that homelessness prevention is a key to limiting disease outbreaks, and the associated negative health outcomes in shelter populations.