Journal articles: 'Population movement'

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Simone, AbdouMaliq. "The Urbanity of Movement." Journal of Planning Education and Research 31, no. 4 (August 15, 2011): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x11416366.

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The economies of Africa’s largest metropolitan regions reflect a contested intersection of orientations, practices, demands, values, and articulations to the larger world. While rural to urban migration may have substantially decreased, the circulation of populations within metropolitan regions, across primary and secondary cities, and along increasingly elaborated transnational circuits of movement and exchange raise important questions about conventional notions of population movement. As planning mechanisms tend to assume certain stability in the relationship of population to place, what kinds of understanding of movements may be necessary to engage the variegated ways that cities are articulated through these movements?

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Sinsch, Ulrich. "Movement ecology of amphibians: from individual migratory behaviour to spatially structured populations in heterogeneous landscapes,." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 6 (June 2014): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0028.

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Both genetic cohesion among local populations of animals and range expansion depend on the frequency of dispersers moving at an interpatch scale. Animal movement has an individual component that reflects behaviour and an ecological component that reflects the spatial organization of populations. The total movement capacity of an individual describes maximum movement distance theoretically achievable during a lifetime, whereas its variation among the members of a local population determines the magnitude of interpatch movements and thus of gene flow between neighbouring patches within metapopulation or patchy population systems. Here, I review information on dispersal and migration as components of the movement capacity of juvenile and adult pond-breeding amphibians and discuss how these components inform the spatial structure of populations. Amphibians disperse as juveniles and adults, but movement distances detected in tracking or capture–mark–recapture studies are usually far below the corresponding estimates based on molecular gene-flow data. This discrepancy reflects the constraints of available tracking methods for free-ranging individuals leading to inappropriate surrogates of annual movement capacity, but can be resolved using probabilistic approaches based on dispersal functions. There is remarkable capacity for and plasticity in movements in amphibians. Annual within-patch movements (migrations) of individuals can be large and likely represent an underestimated capacity for movement at the interpatch scale. Landscape resistance may influence the paths of dispersing amphibians, but rarely impedes interpatch movements. Juveniles emigrating unpredictably far from the natal pond and adults switching from within-patch migrations to dispersal to another patch demonstrate the plasticity of individual movement behaviour. Three basic conclusions can be drawn with respect to the linkage of individual movement behaviour and spatial or genetic structure of local amphibian populations embedded in a heterogeneous landscape: (1) individual movements or consecutive short-term series of movements are misleading surrogate measures of total movement capacity; (2) probabilistic modelling of movement capacity is the best available behavioural predictor of interpatch gene flow; (3) connectivity of local populations in heterogeneous landscapes is less affected by landscape resistance than previously expected.

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Laporte, Valérie, and Brian Charlesworth. "Effective Population Size and Population Subdivision in Demographically Structured Populations." Genetics 162, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.1.501.

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AbstractA fast-timescale approximation is applied to the coalescent process in a single population, which is demographically structured by sex and/or age. This provides a general expression for the probability that a pair of alleles sampled from the population coalesce in the previous time interval. The effective population size is defined as the reciprocal of twice the product of generation time and the coalescence probability. Biologically explicit formulas for effective population size with discrete generations and separate sexes are derived for a variety of different modes of inheritance. The method is also applied to a nuclear gene in a population of partially self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. The effects of population subdivision on a demographically structured population are analyzed, using a matrix of net rates of movement of genes between different local populations. This involves weighting the migration probabilities of individuals of a given age/sex class by the contribution of this class to the leading left eigenvector of the matrix describing the movements of genes between age/sex classes. The effects of sex-specific migration and nonrandom distributions of offspring number on levels of genetic variability and among-population differentiation are described for different modes of inheritance in an island model. Data on DNA sequence variability in human and plant populations are discussed in the light of the results.

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Turchin, Peter. "Population Consequences of Aggregative Movement." Journal of Animal Ecology 58, no. 1 (February 1989): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4987.

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Kenett, D. Y., and J. Portugali. "Population movement under extreme events." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 29 (July 9, 2012): 11472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209306109.

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Ildarkhanova, Chulpan, Alisa Ibragimova, and Artur Abdulzyanov. "Dynamics of the natural movement of the population as a threat to the demographic security of Russia." Population 25, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.3.1.

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This article examines the retrospective dynamics of the natural movement of the population of the Russian Federation from the perspective of achieving demographic security of the country. The purpose of the work is to analyze the indicator of natural population growth/decline through economic demography and social demography to identify the impact of socio-economic conditions on demographic processes and the impact of demographic factors of changes in the natural movement of the population on socio-economic dynamics. To achieve this goal, Family and Demography Center of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, with the direct participation of the authors, conducted a monitoring study of demographic processes (natural population growth/ decline, fertility and mortality) for the period from 2000 to 2020 within the framework of the preparation of the Demographic Report-2021 "Retrospectives and prospects of reproduction of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan (2000-2020)", which made it possible to analyze the dynamics of these demographic processes. The Russian Federation is in a demographic crisis, which is characterized by depopulation, when mortality exceeds fertility, which is especially aggravated due to the spread of the COV1D-19. Changes in the natural movement of the population are largely determined by changes in the sex and age structure of the population: a decrease in the number of women of reproductive age, increased mortality of men of working age, aging of the population. 1n the course of work on the article, the results of the sociological study "Demographic Well-Being of Russia", conducted in 2020 with the participation of the authors of the article, as well as regression and correlation analysis were used to identify the relationship between variables. The results obtained indicate the relationship between natural population decline and economic processes. The negative consequences are connected with a reduction in the labor force, aging of the population, deterioration of public health, etc. The results of the study are of practical value for the development of an effective demographic policy of the Russia.

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Booth, Michael T., Nelson G. Hairston, and Alexander S. Flecker. "How mobile are fish populations? Diel movement, population turnover, and site fidelity in suckers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 5 (May 2013): 666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0334.

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Movement of organisms is an important mechanism controlling an array of processes within ecosystems. Recent analyses suggest that movement is composed of individual displacement (distance moved by individuals) and turnover (proportion of individuals moving). Turnover of individuals is important because it influences population size and structure, as well as interactions among individuals and different species within a habitat. We used stationary antennas and passive integrated transponders tags to monitor individual habitat use, turnover, and displacement of Sonora suckers (Catostomus insignis) and desert suckers (Catostomus clarkii) in the West Fork Gila River, New Mexico, USA. Many tagged fish used our focal stationary antenna reach, but only a subset was consistently present. Population size and turnover rates were variable from day to day. Although some individuals spent the majority of their time within the focal reach, most made extended departures (one or more days) from their home pools. Many individuals displayed fidelity to a particular habitat despite forays elsewhere, returning to the focal reach throughout the study. Diel or short-term movements may explain high turnover rates typically observed and, combined with high site fidelity, may result in the misclassification of individuals as sedentary, despite frequent, potentially short-term, movements into other habitats.

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Brulle, Robert, Liesel Turner, Jason Carmichael, and J. Jenkins. "Measuring Social Movement Organization Populations: A Comprehensive Census of U.S. Environmental Movement Organizations." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.12.3.j08421508773764m.

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Population-level analyses of SMOs typically have relied on a single source for data, most commonly the Encyclopedia of Associations (EoA). However, the validity of this procedure has been drawn into question by recent organizational studies. To examine the impact of using different sources to estimate SMO populations, we compile a comprehensive population dataset of national and regional U.S. environmental movement organizations (or EMOs) over a 100-year time period using 155 different sources. We use this data to evaluate the accuracy and selection biases in five major compilations of U.S. EMOs. The analysis shows that all single sources are selective, tapping specific sections of the environmental movement. Multiple sources are needed to capture a comprehensive population of EMOs. Researchers should be aware of the limitations of specific sources before drawing conclusions about population parameters.

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Tasneem Siddiqui, Tasneem. "Securitization of Cross-border Population Movements." Bangladesh Political Science Review 15, no. 1 (October 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57074/rtyi6923.

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This paper examines three examples of the securitization of cross-border population movements within a few selected countries of South and South East Asia. These cases include: a) the forced movement of the Rohingya population form Myanmar to Bangladesh; b) the movement of the Bengali population from Bangladesh and West Bengal to the Assam State of India; and c) the labour migration between India and Bangladesh. It employs Barry Buzan’s ‘Non- Traditional Security’ and ‘Securitisation’ framework. It first identifies why these destination countries have securitized migration, then locates the process through which states, as well as political parties, student groups, and several other sections of the civil society of the destination countries, have securitized migration through different types of ‘speech acts.’ The paper demonstrates that securitization failed to resolve the challenges thrown up by the forced and voluntary population movements between these countries. Rather, it severely compromised the human security of those men, women and children who were forced to move or voluntarily engage in labour migration.

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Gordenker, Leon. "Early Warning of Disastrous Population Movement." International Migration Review 20, no. 2 (1986): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546030.

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Koo, Gi-dong, Jung-Yee Hong, and Yong-Won Jang. "Movement Behavioral of the Working Population." Journal of the Korea Management Engineers Society 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35373/kmes.25.1.2.

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HUGO, GRAEME. "POPULATION MOVEMENT IN INDONESIA SINCE 1971." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 79, no. 4 (September 1988): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1988.tb01310.x.

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Georgopoulos, A., A. Schwartz, and R. Kettner. "Neuronal population coding of movement direction." Science 233, no. 4771 (September 26, 1986): 1416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3749885.

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Gordenker, Leon. "Early Warning of Disastrous Population Movement." International Migration Review 20, no. 2 (June 1986): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000203.

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This article undertakes to analyze existing and potential early warning facilities in man-made disasters which induce forced movement of people. It sets out some possible forms of early warning and the organizational options connected with them. It concludes that a mixed form of organization, combining some existing facilities and some modest new organization, could provide early warning, although this function would operate in a difficult and delicate political atmosphere that cannot be avoided.

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Basu, Alaka Malwade. "Over-demonizing the international population movement." Population Studies 63, no. 2 (July 2009): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324720902860636.

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Kawewe, Saliwe. "Social security and population movement: Zimbabwe." New Global Development 13, no. 1 (January 1997): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486839708415643.

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Hugo, Graeme. "The Crisis and International Population Movement in Indonesia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 9, no. 1 (March 2000): 93–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680000900104.

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Indonesia is the country most affected by the Asian financial crisis which began in mid-1997 and has been the slowest to recover from it. In the present paper the effects of the first two and a half years of the crisis on international population movements influencing Indonesia are discussed. The crisis has increased economic pressures on potential migrant workers in Indonesia and the result has been increased out-movement. In both pre and post-crisis situations this was dominated by women, at least among official migrant workers. The crisis has tightened the labor market in some of Indonesia's main destination countries but the segmentation of the labor market in those countries has limited the impact of the crisis in reducing jobs in those countries. The crisis has created more pressure on undocumented migrants in destination countries but the extent of repatriation, while higher than in the pre-crisis situation, has been limited. The crisis has directly or indirectly affected other international movements influencing Indonesia including expatriate movement to Indonesia and longer-term, south-north migration out of the country. The policy implications of these changes are discussed including the fact that the crisis has led to an increased appreciation of the importance of contract labor migration by government and greater attention being paid to improving the system for migrants themselves and the country as a whole.

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Burndred, Kate R., Bernie J. Cockayne, James A. Donaldson, and Brendan C. Ebner. "Natural flow events influence the behaviour and movement patterns of eel-tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus) in a subtropical Queensland river." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 3 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18033.

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Understanding the movement ecology of freshwater fishes, and how these patterns are affected by flow, is important for identifying key threats to populations and predicting their response to management strategies. We used acoustic telemetry to investigate the day-to-day behaviour and movement patterns of eel-tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus) and examine how their behaviour was affected by natural changes to the flow regime in a subtropical river. Movement patterns varied within the tagged population: 29% were sedentary, 64% undertook interpool movements and 7% undertook reach-scale movements. The mean maximum distance travelled was 0.75km (±0.33, s.e.) and the maximum distance travelled was 16.9km downstream. Fish moved upstream and downstream between pools mostly at dawn and dusk, presumably to feed in riffles. Most interpool movements were undertaken during low-flow conditions (<0.2m s–1 and <6.0m3 s–1). Generally, the population responded inconsistently to flow events; however, the greatest movement response was detected during the first post-winter flow. Although fish preferred to move on an event fall, several fish continued to move throughout the study reach under baseflow conditions. Management strategies protecting low-flow conditions that maintain connectivity between daytime refuges and riffles may be important for the species’ conservation. The effective delivery of post-winter flow events, particularly in perennial systems, is likely to provide critical dispersal opportunities and aid long-term population viability.

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Vranjes, Rajko. "Changes in the natural movements of the population of the Republic of Srpska." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 131 (2010): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1031349v.

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On the basis of modern statistical data it is possible to track the movement of population in the Republic of Srpska. Basically, the work is based on an analysis of the natural movements of the Republic of Srpska since there are no official data for the territory of the Republic of Srpska (1996). The components of the natural movements were observed in the period 1996-2007. The paper discusses methodological changes in statistical data processing performed within a certain period. Particular importance is given to the analysis of individual components that participate in the natural movement of population by age and municipality. From the aspect of the causes that led to changes in the natural movement, the paper discusses the total fertility rate as well as the main factors which influenced the birth/fertility. Comparative analysis of the environment intends to show the kind of situation today the Republic of Srpska population and in the municipalities that are most vulnerable in terms of natural movement. .

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Fortier, P. A., J. F. Kalaska, and A. M. Smith. "Cerebellar neuronal activity related to whole-arm reaching movements in the monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.1.198.

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1. Three monkeys were trained to make whole-arm reaching movements from a common central starting position toward eight radially arranged targets disposed at 45 degrees intervals. A sample of 312 cerebellar neurons with proximal-arm receptive fields or discharge related to shoulder or elbow movements was studied in the task. The sample included 69 Purkinje cells, 115 unidentified cortical cells, 65 interpositus neurons, and 63 dentate units. 2. The reaching task was divided into three movement-related epochs: a reaction time, a movement time, and holding over the target. All neurons demonstrated significant changes in discharge during one or more of these three epochs. Almost all of the cells (95%) showed a significant change in activity during the movement, whereas 68-69% of the cells showed significant changes from premovement activity during the reaction time and holding periods. 3. During the combined reaction time-movement period, 231/312 cells were strongly active in the task. Of these, 151 cells (65.4%) demonstrated unimodal directional responses. Sixty-three had a reciprocal relation to movement direction, whereas 88 showed only graded increases or decreases in activity. A further 37 cells (16.0%) were nondirectional, with statistically uniform changes in discharge in all eight directions. The remaining 43 cells (18.6%) showed significant differences in activity for different directions of movement, but their response patterns were not readily classifiable. 4. The proportion of directional versus nondirectional cells was consistent across the four cell populations. However, graded response patterns were more common and reciprocal responses less common among Purkinje and dentate neurons than among unidentified cortical cells and interpositus neurons. 5. The distribution of preferred directions of the population of cerebellar neurons covered all possible movement directions away from the common central starting position in the horizontal plane. When the preferred direction of each cell in the sample population was aligned, the mean direction-related activity of the cerebellar population formed a bell-shaped tuning curve for the activity recorded during both the reaction time and the movement, as well as during the time the arm maintained a fixed posture over the targets. A vector representation also showed that the overall activity of the cerebellar population during normal reaching arm movements generated a signal that varied with movement direction. 6. These results demonstrate that the cerebellum generates a signal that varies with the direction of movement of the proximal arm during normal aimed reaching movements and is consistent with a role in the control of the activity of muscles or muscle groups generating these movements.

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Morales, Juan M., Paul R. Moorcroft, Jason Matthiopoulos, Jacqueline L. Frair, John G. Kie, Roger A. Powell, Evelyn H. Merrill, and Daniel T. Haydon. "Building the bridge between animal movement and population dynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1550 (July 27, 2010): 2289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0082.

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While the mechanistic links between animal movement and population dynamics are ecologically obvious, it is much less clear when knowledge of animal movement is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting population dynamics. GPS and other technologies enable detailed tracking of animal location concurrently with acquisition of landscape data and information on individual physiology. These tools can be used to refine our understanding of the mechanistic links between behaviour and individual condition through ‘spatially informed’ movement models where time allocation to different behaviours affects individual survival and reproduction. For some species, socially informed models that address the movements and average fitness of differently sized groups and how they are affected by fission–fusion processes at relevant temporal scales are required. Furthermore, as most animals revisit some places and avoid others based on their previous experiences, we foresee the incorporation of long-term memory and intention in movement models. The way animals move has important consequences for the degree of mixing that we expect to find both within a population and between individuals of different species. The mixing rate dictates the level of detail required by models to capture the influence of heterogeneity and the dynamics of intra- and interspecific interaction.

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Haaga, John, Oscar Harkavy, Ansley J. Coale, Sheldon J. Segal, and Amy Ong Tsui. "Curbing Population Growth: An Insider's Perspective on the Population Movement." Social Forces 75, no. 2 (December 1996): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580423.

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Sinding, Steven, Oscar Harkavy, Ansley J. Coale, Sheldon J. Segal, and Amy Ong Tsui. "Curbing Population Growth: An Insider's Perspective on the Population Movement." Population and Development Review 22, no. 1 (March 1996): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137694.

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Fujimoto, Shouji, Takayuki Mizuno, Takaaki Ohnishi, Chihiro Shimizu, and Tsutomu Watanabe. "Relationship between population density and population movement in inhabitable lands." Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review 14, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40844-016-0064-z.

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Długosz, Zbigniew, and Piotr Raźniak. "Population Movement and Changes in Population in European Countries - Present State and Perspectives." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 10, no. 10 (January 1, 2008): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0010-x.

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Population Movement and Changes in Population in European Countries - Present State and PerspectivesThis paper aims at presenting the direction of changes and perspectives in populations and the movement of the population of Europe (as broadly defined) against the backdrop of the situation on other continents, as well as highlighting the internal diversity in terms of the realties of the current political divisions in Europe.

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Kalb, David M., Jacob L. Bowman, and T. Brian Eyler. "Dispersal and home-range dynamics of exotic, male sika deer in Maryland." Wildlife Research 40, no. 4 (2013): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13037.

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Content An unknown number (n = four or five) and sex of sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) were introduced to the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland, in 1916. Since introduction, their population has grown exponentially. Aims The purpose of our study was to investigate dispersal and home-range size to enable better management of this exotic species in the presence of native white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Methods We collected telemetry locations on 60 males (captured during their first winter) from 2008 to 2010. Animals were classified into three movement groups, including local, migratory and nomadic post-dispersal. Key results Average home-range sizes ranged from 464 to 4121 ha and were influenced by season and deer movement grouping (P = 0.0001). Of 20 deer that dispersed, 19 did so at 1 year of age. Dispersal distance and direction were random across the landscape (P = 0.899). Local deer were the most common movement group (70%; 42 of 60) and were characterised by short movements confined to a well established home range. We observed 14 deer migrations, characterised by round-trip movements associated with seasons and directionality (P = 0.003). Four deer were classified as nomadic and had long-distance movements across the landscape unassociated with seasons. Conclusions To aid managers in controlling the expansion of the population, we provide data regarding the manner, distance and direction that sika deer move. Our results show that sika deer have variable movement strategies and large home ranges. Implications Variation in movement types will influence spread of the population, confounding species interactions, management and harvest strategies. The present results may have implications to other areas that also have sika populations.

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Palát, M., and E. Maca. "Development and prediction of the selected population movement indicators in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 6 (February 20, 2012): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5102-agricecon.

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  The paper is aimed at the presentation of findings obtained in the study of the developmental trends of the population reproduction indicators in the territory of the Czech Republic in the reference period 1993–2003. The analysis of selected indicators is also aimed at a short-term extrapolation prediction. Developmental trends are specified of the population composition according to the main age groups, live births and natural increase of population. The population development in the reference period under study demonstrated increasing qualitative changes in the demographic behaviour of population after 1989. A characteristic feature of this stage of social development is the transition to the west-European model of reproduction behaviour intensified in part of the population by negative impacts of the social and economic transformation. A marked decrease in the number of live births and its point prediction for 2005 can bring about further irregularities in the age structure of population together with the development in the number of dead and external migration. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and development trends were applied for the mathematical-statistical analysis.    

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Morrison, Thomas A., and Douglas T. Bolger. "Connectivity and bottlenecks in a migratory wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus population." Oryx 48, no. 4 (March 13, 2014): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000537.

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AbstractSurprisingly little is known about the spatial dimensions of most tropical ungulate migrations, including that of wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus, a species famous for long-distance movements. Using non-invasive photographic identification of 834 adult wildebeest from 8,530 images collected over 4 years we characterize patterns of migratory connectivity throughout the northern Tarangire–Manyara Ecosystem, Tanzania. We document movements between Tarangire and Lake Manyara National Parks and northwards to the shore of Lake Natron, a straight-line distance of > 130 km. Fifty-six percent of observed movements occur outside the ecosystem's three main protected areas. We supplement photographic data with fine-scale movement data from two individuals with global positioning system collars, and identify three narrow bottlenecks, each vulnerable to human development. We discuss the possible consequences for the wildebeest population if these bottlenecks become impeded. Persistence of this migration alongside a growing human population and proposed road improvement will require additional measures to ensure that pathways remain open to wildlife movement and protected from illegal hunting.

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Goodwin, Brett J., and Lenore Fahrig. "Effect of landscape structure on the movement behaviour of a specialized goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda borealis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-196.

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We hypothesize that the ability of an organism to move through a landscape is determined by the interaction between its movement behaviour and the landscape structure. In contrast, models predicting spatial distribution, local population stability, or metapopulation stability typically assume that movement ability is independent of landscape structure. These model predictions will be invalid if the assumption of constant movement ability is incorrect. To assess the influence of landscape structure on movement behaviour (and therefore movement ability), we tracked individual goldenrod beetles (Trirhabda borealis) through microlandscapes composed of three patch types (goldenrod, cut vegetation, and cut vegetation containing camouflage netting to a height of 50 cm) that differed in terms of available food resources and structural complexity. In goldenrod patches, beetles moved infrequently in brief bursts of slow meandering movements. In cut patches, beetles moved frequently in sustained bursts of slow directed movements. In netting patches, beetles moved frequently in brief bursts of fast meandering movements. Using mark-release experiments, we determined that T. borealis did not detect goldenrod from afar or respond to edge type. Since T. borealis movement behaviour differed between patch types, its movement ability must depend on landscape structure. If this general result applies to other species, it implies that predictions of local population and metapopulation responses to landscape alteration could be erroneous. Effects of landscape alteration on movement behaviour should be incorporated into models of population response to landscape alteration.

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Negrini, Stefano, Joel Pollet, Giorgia Ranica, Sabrina Donzelli, Massimiliano Vanossi, Barbara Piovanelli, Cinzia Amici, and Riccardo Buraschi. "Movement Analysis Could Help in the Assessment of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: Results from a Preliminary Explorative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159033.

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Introduction: This study aimed to assess the reliability of a qualitative scoring system based on the movement analysis of the spine in different populations and after usual care rehabilitative intervention. If proven true, the results could further future research development in quantitative indexes, leading to a possible subclassification of chronic low back pain (cLBP). Methods: This was a preliminary exploratory observational study. Data of an optoelectronic spine movement analysis from a pathological population (cLBP population, 5 male, 5 female, age 58 ± 16 years) were compared to young healthy participants (5M, 5F, age 22 ± 1) and were analysed via a new qualitative score of the pattern of movement. Internal consistency was calculated. Two independent assessors (experienced and inexperienced) assessed the blinded data, and we calculated inter- and intrarater reliability. We performed an analysis for cLBP pre and post a ten session group rehabilitation program between and within groups. Results: Internal consistency was good for all movements (α = 0.84–0.88). Intra-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient–ICC) was excellent for overall scores of all movements (ICC(1,k) = 0.95–0.99), while inter-rater reliability was poor to moderate (ICC(1,k) = 0.39–0.78). We found a significant difference in the total movement scores between cLBP and healthy participants (p = 0.001). Within-group comparison (cLBP) showed no significant difference in the total movement score in pre and post-treatment. Conclusion: The perception of differences between normal and pathological movements has been confirmed through the proposed scoring system, which proved to be able to distinguish different populations. This study has many limitations, but these results show that movement analysis could be a useful tool and open the door to quantifying the identified parameters through future studies.

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Kadmon Harpaz, Naama, David Ungarish, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, and Tamar Flash. "Movement Decomposition in the Primary Motor Cortex." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): 1619–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy060.

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Abstract A complex action can be described as the composition of a set of elementary movements. While both kinematic and dynamic elements have been proposed to compose complex actions, the structure of movement decomposition and its neural representation remain unknown. Here, we examined movement decomposition by modeling the temporal dynamics of neural populations in the primary motor cortex of macaque monkeys performing forelimb reaching movements. Using a hidden Markov model, we found that global transitions in the neural population activity are associated with a consistent segmentation of the behavioral output into acceleration and deceleration epochs with directional selectivity. Single cells exhibited modulation of firing rates between the kinematic epochs, with abrupt changes in spiking activity timed with the identified transitions. These results reveal distinct encoding of acceleration and deceleration phases at the level of M1, and point to a specific pattern of movement decomposition that arises from the underlying neural activity. A similar approach can be used to probe the structure of movement decomposition in different brain regions, possibly controlling different temporal scales, to reveal the hierarchical structure of movement composition.

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Sharma, SN. "Mass Gathering and Population Movement in India: Possible Risk of Vector-Borne Diseases." Journal of Communicable Diseases 52, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202270.

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Surveillance tools measure and help to predict the possibility of the onset of any disease including vector-borne diseases during some specific situations likemass gatherings (MGs) that are closely related tothe disease epidemiology (why, what, who, where, when, and how)concerningthe transmission of infectious diseases including vector-borne diseases. Some situations ofmass gatherings may bring closely large and diverse population groups coming from different endemic zones/areas leading tothe transmission of communicable diseases including vector-borne diseases. Mass gatherings (MGs) may have the potential to enhance the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseasesowing to different geographical, social, and climatic factors. Usually, MGs have been thought to have enhanced risks of disease transmission.Theyalso have the potential to increase the opportunities for other types of mechanical injuriesfrom accidents, stampedes, alcohol use, internal group fights etc. that may result in morbidity or mortality.Besides, they are potential breeding places for the proliferation of vector species, capable of transmitting malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and JE including ticks and mites-borne diseases. It is a well-known fact there area large number of asymptomatic cases which act as sub-clinical cases, hence, chances of local transmission through vectors during such mass gatherings can not be ruled out.There is always a need for well-structured, intensified real-time disease and vector surveillance and reporting systems in place which is essential for efficient MG planning, to ensure disease prevention and control. In the present context of the ongoing COVIDpandemic, such surveillance systems havebecome a vital component of such events of mass gatherings and large-scale movement of people.

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Geary, Patrick, and Krishna Veeramah. "Mapping European Population Movement through Genomic Research." Medieval Worlds medieval worlds, Volume 2016.4 (2016): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no4_2016s65.

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Stojanov, Robert, Ilan Kelman, Shawn Shen, Barbora Duží, Himani Upadhyay, Dmytro Vikhrov, G. J. Lingaraj, and Arabinda Mishra. "Contextualising typologies of environmentally induced population movement." Disaster Prevention and Management 23, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 508–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2013-0152.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how typologies for environmentally induced population movement need to be understood in a contextualised manner in order to be useful. Design/methodology/approach – This study interrogates some academic discourses concerning environmentally induced population movement. By analysing key environmental factors said to contribute to population movement, in addition to considering time factors, this study uses the case of Tuvalu to demonstrate overlapping categories and the importance of contextualisation. Findings – Current typologies provide a basis for considering a wide variety of motives for environmentally induced population movement, in relation to different drivers, motivations, time scales, and space scales. Yet contextualisation is required for policy and practice relevance. Research limitations/implications – All typologies have limitations. Any typology should be taken as a possible tool to apply in a particular context, or to support decision making, rather than presenting a typology as universal or as an absolute without dispute. Practical implications – Rather than disputes over typologies and definitions, bringing together different views without reconciling them, but recognising the merits and limitations of each, can provide a basis for assisting people making migration decisions. Originality/value – None of the typologies currently available applies to all contexts of environmentally induced population movement – nor should any single typology necessarily achieve that. Instead, it is important to thrive on the differences and to contextualise a typology for use.

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Marijon, Eloi, Wulfran Bougouin, Muriel Tafflet, Nicole Karam, Daniel Jost, Lionel Lamhaut, Frankie Beganton, et al. "Population Movement and Sudden Cardiac Arrest Location." Circulation 131, no. 18 (May 5, 2015): 1546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.010498.

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Snyder, J. C., B. Wiedenheft, M. Lavin, F. F. Roberto, J. Spuhler, A. C. Ortmann, T. Douglas, and M. Young. "Virus movement maintains local virus population diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 48 (November 19, 2007): 19102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709445104.

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Rusak, J. A., and T. Mosindy. "Seasonal movements of lake sturgeon in Lake of the Woods and the Rainy River, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-048.

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Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) inhabiting the southern portion of Lake of the Woods and the Rainy River, a north-temperate watershed straddling the Canada – United States border, were studied to test hypotheses concerning seasonal movement patterns, including spawning migrations, and habitat use. We implanted radio transmitters into 26 fish and monitored seasonal movements during 3 consecutive years. Data indicated the existence of two discrete populations of sturgeon in this watershed, differentiated by seasonal habitat use, movement patterns and rates, and timing of spawning. The "lake" population, a designation suggested by a consistent preference for lentic winter habitat, appeared to spawn and initiate extensive spring and summer movements later than the "river" population, which consistently inhabited the river during the winter months. Overall, movement rates were significantly greater in the spring and summer months than at other times of the year and decreased with water temperature. General preferences exhibited by lake sturgeon for certain habitat types at different times of the year appeared to be linked to foraging behaviour. The results suggest that population differentiation may be prevalent for this species inhabiting large lake–river systems, given some diversity in habitat structure and spawning cues. In management efforts, this potential should be taken into consideration and reflected.

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Racimo, Fernando, Jessie Woodbridge, Ralph M. Fyfe, Martin Sikora, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Kristian Kristiansen, and Marc Vander Linden. "The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (April 1, 2020): 8989–9000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920051117.

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The European continent was subject to two major migrations of peoples during the Holocene: the northwestward movement of Anatolian farmer populations during the Neolithic and the westward movement of Yamnaya steppe peoples during the Bronze Age. These movements changed the genetic composition of the continent’s inhabitants. The Holocene was also characterized by major changes in vegetation composition, which altered the environment occupied by the original hunter-gatherer populations. We aim to test to what extent vegetation change through time is associated with changes in population composition as a consequence of these migrations, or with changes in climate. Using ancient DNA in combination with geostatistical techniques, we produce detailed maps of ancient population movements, which allow us to visualize how these migrations unfolded through time and space. We find that the spread of Neolithic farmer ancestry had a two-pronged wavefront, in agreement with similar findings on the cultural spread of farming from radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites. This movement, however, did not have a strong association with changes in the vegetational landscape. In contrast, the Yamnaya migration speed was at least twice as fast and coincided with a reduction in the amount of broad-leaf forest and an increase in the amount of pasture and natural grasslands in the continent. We demonstrate the utility of integrating ancient genomes with archaeometric datasets in a spatiotemporal statistical framework, which we foresee will enable future studies of ancient populations’ movements, and their putative effects on local fauna and flora.

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Tankus, Ariel, Anat Mirelman, Nir Giladi, Itzhak Fried, and Jeffrey M. Hausdorff. "Pace of movement: the role of single neurons in the subthalamic nucleus." Journal of Neurosurgery 130, no. 6 (June 2019): 1835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.jns171859.

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OBJECTIVEThe ability to modulate the pace of movement is a critical factor in the smooth operation of the motor system. The authors recently described distinct and overlapping representations of movement kinematics in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), but it is still unclear how movement pace is modulated according to the demands of the task at the neuronal level in this area. The goal of this study was to clarify how different movement paces are being controlled by neurons in the STN.METHODSThe authors performed direct recording of the electrical activity of single neurons in the STN of neurosurgical patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing implantation of a deep brain stimulator under local anesthesia while the patients performed repetitive foot and hand movements intraoperatively at multiple paces.RESULTSA change was observed in the neuronal population controlling the movement for each pace. The mechanism for switching between these controlling populations differs for hand and foot movements.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that disparate schemes are utilized in the STN for neuronal recruitment for motor control of the upper and lower extremities. The results indicate a distributed model of motor control within the STN, where the active neuronal population changes when modifying the task condition and pace.

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Schlanger, Sarah H. "Patterns of Population Movement and Long-Term Population Growth in Southwestern Colorado." American Antiquity 53, no. 4 (October 1988): 773–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281118.

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In spite of considerable fluctuations in the likelihood of agricultural success from place to place and from time to time, the southern Colorado Plateaus show a smooth increase in farming populations between A.D. 1 and 1150. At the local level, however, population curves in this region often register a pattern of short-lived occupations and abandonments that are tied to specific patterns of short-term and long-term climatic conditions. The prehistoric population record from the Dolores area, in the southwestern corner of Colorado, demonstrates how localized population adjustments to climatically sensitive environments can result in long-term population increases. Here, a 600-year history of population increase was maintained primarily through population movements between environmentally complementary places. When that strategy failed, due to a combination of adverse short-term and long-term climatic conditions, agricultural methods shifted from rainfall farming to intensified agriculture supported by water-control facilities.

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Rodgers, Arthur R. "Summer movement patterns of Arctic lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 2513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-351.

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Several measures of movement based on livetrapping data were used to compare summer movement patterns of Lemmus sibiricus and Dicrostonyx groenlandicus in northern Canada. Distances moved by individuals of both species were greater when populations were intermediate in size than at high or low density. At intermediate density, males of both species moved farther than females. Seasonal movement patterns of the two species were similar. Coincident with reproductive periods in late July and late August, distances moved decreased in both species. Increased movements of both species followed periods of reproductive activity and also occurred at the end of each summer. These latter movements are related to seasonal changes in patterns of habitat use and diet in each species. These results suggest that dispersal is an important determinant of seasonal patterns of population change in both L. sibiricus and D. groenlandicus.

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Riotte-Lambert, Louise, Simon Benhamou, Christophe Bonenfant, and Simon Chamaillé-Jammes. "Spatial memory shapes density dependence in population dynamics." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1867 (November 22, 2017): 20171411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1411.

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Most population dynamics studies assume that individuals use space uniformly, and thus mix well spatially. In numerous species, however, individuals do not move randomly, but use spatial memory to visit renewable resource patches repeatedly. To understand the extent to which memory-based foraging movement may affect density-dependent population dynamics through its impact on competition, we developed a spatially explicit, individual-based movement model where reproduction and death are functions of foraging efficiency. We compared the dynamics of populations of with- and without-memory individuals. We showed that memory-based movement leads to a higher population size at equilibrium, to a higher depletion of the environment, to a marked discrepancy between the global (i.e. measured at the population level) and local (i.e. measured at the individual level) intensities of competition, and to a nonlinear density dependence. These results call for a deeper investigation of the impact of individual movement strategies and cognitive abilities on population dynamics.

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Campbell, Malcolm, Lukas Marek, Jesse Wiki, Matthew Hobbs, Clive E. Sabel, John McCarthy, and Simon Kingham. "National movement patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: the unexplored role of neighbourhood deprivation." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 9 (March 16, 2021): 903–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-216108.

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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has asked unprecedented questions of governments around the world. Policy responses have disrupted usual patterns of movement in society, locally and globally, with resultant impacts on national economies and human well-being. These interventions have primarily centred on enforcing lockdowns and introducing social distancing recommendations, leading to questions of trust and competency around the role of institutions and the administrative apparatus of state. This study demonstrates the unequal societal impacts in population movement during a national ‘lockdown’.MethodsWe use nationwide mobile phone movement data to quantify the effect of an enforced lockdown on population mobility by neighbourhood deprivation using an ecological study design. We then derive a mobility index using anonymised aggregated population counts for each neighbourhood (2253 Census Statistical Areas; mean population n=2086) of national hourly mobile phone location data (7.45 million records, 1 March 2020–20 July 2020) for New Zealand (NZ).ResultsCurtailing movement has highlighted and exacerbated underlying social and spatial inequalities. Our analysis reveals the unequal movements during ‘lockdown’ by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in NZ.ConclusionIn understanding inequalities in neighbourhood movements, we are contributing critical new evidence to the policy debate about the impact(s) and efficacy of national, regional or local lockdowns which have sparked such controversy.

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Peterson, Douglas P., and Kurt D. Fausch. "Upstream movement by nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) promotes invasion of native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) habitat." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-128.

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To understand how immigration and emigration influence the processes by which invading nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) displace native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), we studied trout movement in long segments of three mountain streams in Colorado during 1999–2001. Over 3500 trout were captured and marked at weirs and during electrofishing, both within and downstream of stream segments. Nearly 80% of brook trout captured at weirs were moving upstream, whereas almost 65% of cutthroat trout were moving downstream. Brook trout movements peaked in early summer and again in fall. Brook trout immigration rates from downstream source populations were high, and in one stream, invaders repopulated a segment where they were removed within 8 months. Immigrant brook trout were typically mature adults in similar body condition to the general population. Brook trout immigrated from a range of distances, with local movement within 250 m more frequently detected, but fish also moved from many distances up to 2 km away within a summer. Brook trout encroachment and invasion was characterized by a wave of local movement exerting biotic pressure on the downstream limit of the cutthroat trout population and jump dispersers moving upstream beyond the invasion front promoting rapid population spread.

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Laidre, Kristin L., Erik W. Born, Eliezer Gurarie, Øystein Wiig, Rune Dietz, and Harry Stern. "Females roam while males patrol: divergence in breeding season movements of pack-ice polar bears ( Ursus maritimus )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1752 (February 7, 2013): 20122371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2371.

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Intraspecific differences in movement behaviour reflect different tactics used by individuals or sexes to favour strategies that maximize fitness. We report movement data collected from n = 23 adult male polar bears with novel ear-attached transmitters in two separate pack ice subpopulations over five breeding seasons. We compared movements with n = 26 concurrently tagged adult females, and analysed velocities, movement tortuosity, range sizes and habitat selection with respect to sex, reproductive status and body mass. There were no differences in 4-day displacements or sea ice habitat selection for sex or population. By contrast, adult females in all years and both populations had significantly more linear movements and significantly larger breeding range sizes than males. We hypothesized that differences were related to encounter rates, and used observed movement metrics to parametrize a simulation model of male–male and male–female encounter. The simulation showed that the more tortuous movement of males leads to significantly longer times to male–male encounter, while having little impact on male–female encounter. By contrast, linear movements of females are consistent with a prioritized search for sparsely distributed prey. These results suggest a possible mechanism for explaining the smaller breeding range sizes of some solitary male carnivores compared to females.

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Burgstaller, Stephan, Christoph Leeb, Max Ringler, and Günter Gollmann. "Demography and spatial activity of fire salamanders, Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758), in two contrasting habitats in the Vienna Woods." Herpetozoa 34 (February 3, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.34.e58496.

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Understanding population dynamics is vital in amphibian conservation. To compare demography and movements, we conducted a capture-recapture study over three spring seasons in two populations of Salamandra salamandra in the Vienna Woods. The study sites differ in topography, vegetation, and the type of breeding waters. Population density in a beech forest traversed by a stream was more than twice as high as in an oak-hornbeam forest with temporary pools. Movement distances were on average higher at the latter site whereas home range estimates were similar for both sites. The sexes did not differ significantly in the observed movement patterns at either site. Annual apparent survival was mostly high (~0.85), but the estimate for females from the low-density site was lower (~0.60), indicating a higher rate of emigration or mortality.

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Madansingh, Stefan, and Stacey L. Gorniak. "Using Nonlinear Tools to Evaluate Movement of Fragile Objects." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 2 (April 2015): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0056.

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We investigated the movement strategies of young, healthy participants (7 men/7 women) during the movement of a fragile object using nonlinear analysis. The kinematic variables of position, velocity, and acceleration were quantified using largest Lyapunov exponent (LyE) and approximate entropy (ApEn) analysis to identify the structure of their movement variability and movement predictability, respectively. Subjects performed a total of 15 discrete trials of an upper extremity movement task without crushing the object at each fragility condition, using each hand (left/right). We tested four fragility conditions hypothesizing that an increase in fragility would result in higher movement predictability and decreased temporal variability. Comparisons between the structure of movement variability and movement predictability were based on fragility condition, handedness, and kinematic measures. In this specific population, object fragility and participant handedness did not significantly impact the structure of movement variability (LyE) in the primary direction of movement (Z direction), although some effects were observed in the anterior/posterior directions. ApEn values were minimized across conditions, showing increased movement predictability, and is suggested for the analysis of discrete kinematic movements. In healthy populations, the results of this study suggest minimal effects on task performance and movement predictability as a result of object fragility.

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Andrzejaczek, S., TK Chapple, DJ Curnick, AB Carlisle, M. Castleton, DMP Jacoby, LR Peel, RJ Schallert, DM Tickler, and BA Block. "Individual variation in residency and regional movements of reef manta rays Mobula alfredi in a large marine protected area." Marine Ecology Progress Series 639 (April 2, 2020): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13270.

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Mobulid populations are declining on a global scale as a result of both targeted fisheries and indirect anthropogenic threats. In order to implement effective conservation strategies for species of this taxa, it is crucial that movement patterns at a range of spatiotemporal scales are defined. To gain insight into such patterns, we deployed a combination of acoustic (n = 21) and satellite (n = 12) tags on reef manta rays Mobula alfredi in the British Indian Ocean Territory Marine Protected Area (BIOT MPA) annually from 2013 through 2016. An extensive array of acoustic receivers (n = 52) were deployed across the archipelago to record the movements of mantas throughout the MPA. Data revealed large individual variation in horizontal movement patterns, ranging from high local site fidelity (<10 km) for up to 3 yr, to large-scale regional movements (>200 km) around the entire MPA. Depth time-series data recorded vertical movement patterns consistent with other epipelagic elasmobranch species, including oscillatory diving and deep dives to greater than 500 m. Though no individuals were directly recorded departing the MPA throughout the study, the gaps in detections and estimated travel speeds documented here indicate that movement of individuals outside of the BIOT MPA cannot be discounted. Collectively, our data suggests that, with effective enforcement, the current size of the BIOT MPA is providing substantial protection to its reef manta ray population. Characterization of movement patterns across ontogenetic classes, however, is required to fully characterize the spatial ecology of this species and ensure protection across all cohorts of the population.

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Kobzyak, R. "Dynamics of urban population in Ukraine at beginning of 21 century." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 2, no. 40 (December 12, 2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2012.40.10473.

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The change of number of Ukrainian cities’ population was analyzed on the basis of statistical data of Ukrainian census in 2001 and data of State Statistical Committee of Ukraine. There was discovered the difference of movements’ index of Ukrainian cities’ population. The groups of cities’ were marked by the change of their inhabitants’ quantity. The distribution of Ukrainian regions was done on the basis of annual index of population’s movement. Key words: change of number, movements’ index, cities.

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Hartmann, Betsy. "Population Control I: Birth of an Ideology." International Journal of Health Services 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bl3n-xajx-0yqb-vqbx.

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Population control, as a major international development strategy, is a relatively recent phenomenon. However, its origins reach back to social currents in the 19th and early 20th centuries, culminating in an organized birth control movement in Europe and the United States. The conflicts and contradictions in that movement's history presage many of today's debates over population policy and women's rights. Eugenics had a deep influence on the U.S. birth control movement in the first half of the 20th century. After World War II private agencies and foundations played an important role in legitimizing population control as a way to secure Western control over Third World resources and stem political instability. In the late 1960s the U.S. government became a major funder of population control programs overseas and built multilateral support through establishment of the U.N. Fund for Population Activities. At the 1974 World Population Conference, Third World governments challenged the primacy of population control. While their critique led population agencies to change their strategies, population control remained a central component of international development and national security policies in the United States.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Population movement'

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