Journal articles: 'Population maps'

1

Garmiz, I. V. "IMPROVING MAPS OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION." Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing 27, no. 1 (January 1990): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1990.10641785.

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GUTIERREZ, JAVIER ARMANDO, and JUAN PABLO APARICIO. "QUASI-DETERMINISTIC POPULATION DYNAMICS IN STOCHASTIC COUPLED MAPS." Journal of Biological Systems 23, supp01 (January 2015): S151—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339015400124.

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We studied the stochastic dynamics of coupled map lattices for small local populations. Quasi-deterministic dynamics is lost when considering one isolated population or two populations linked by dispersal. In a one-dimensional ring linked by closest neighbors some intermittent synchronization is observed. Finally we show that in two-dimensional lattices long-term synchronization take place above a critical value of the dispersal probability and the system displays a quasi-deterministic dynamics.

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Kimpton, Anthony. "Visualising Australia’s older population using grid maps." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i1.64.

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Franco, Daniel, and Frank M. Hilker. "Adaptive limiter control of unimodal population maps." Journal of Theoretical Biology 337 (November 2013): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.08.018.

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Rumpf, Clemens M., Hugh G. Lewis, and Peter M. Atkinson. "Population vulnerability models for asteroid impact risk assessment." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 52, no. 6 (March 27, 2017): 1082–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.12861.

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Reed, Fennis, Andrea Gaughan, Forrest Stevens, Greg Yetman, Alessandro Sorichetta, and Andrew Tatem. "Gridded Population Maps Informed by Different Built Settlement Products." Data 3, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data3030033.

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The spatial distribution of humans on the earth is critical knowledge that informs many disciplines and is available in a spatially explicit manner through gridded population techniques. While many approaches exist to produce specialized gridded population maps, little has been done to explore how remotely sensed, built-area datasets might be used to dasymetrically constrain these estimates. This study presents the effectiveness of three different high-resolution built area datasets for producing gridded population estimates through the dasymetric disaggregation of census counts in Haiti, Malawi, Madagascar, Nepal, Rwanda, and Thailand. Modeling techniques include a binary dasymetric redistribution, a random forest with a dasymetric component, and a hybrid of the previous two. The relative merits of these approaches and the data are discussed with regards to studying human populations and related spatially explicit phenomena. Results showed that the accuracy of random forest and hybrid models was comparable in five of six countries.

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Turner, Eugene, and James P. Allen. "Issues in Depicting Population Change with Dot Maps." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 37, no. 3 (January 2010): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304010792194921.

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Morosan, Patricia, Hartmut Mohlberg, Katrin Amunts, Axel Schleicher, Joerg Rademacher, Thorsten Schormann, and Karl Zilles. "Population maps of cytoarchitectonically defined human auditory areas." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (May 2000): S304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91236-9.

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Zeug, Gunter, and Olaf Kranz. "Remote Sensing Based Population Maps for Crisis Response." Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation 2010, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1432-8364/2010/0038.

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Tatem, A. J., and S. Riley. "Effect of Poor Census Data on Population Maps." Science 318, no. 5847 (October 5, 2007): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.318.5847.43a.

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Hammond, Jesse. "Maps of mayhem." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317702956.

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Disaggregated studies of civil violence attempt to predict where violence is most likely to break out within states, but have been limited by a near-exclusive focus on political, economic, and accessibility-based factors in explaining local patterns of violence. These factors are important, but the calculus of military conflict does not focus solely on lootable resources or population distributions. Both states and insurgents try to exert control over geographic territory in order to increase their resource base and political legitimacy. Historic evidence suggests that groups use violence to contest control over strategically important locations that allow them to effectively attack and defend territory. I use GIS and social network analysis to operationalize strategic location based on the network of roads and population settlements that make up a country. I find that during conflicts, locations with high degree and betweenness centrality in the road network – in other words, locations that control access to other areas within the state – are significantly more likely to be fought over, even after controlling for a wide range of variables suggested by previous literature and testing for reporting bias. These findings expand on the previous body of literature studying disaggregated violence and show that the calculus of violence during civil conflict encompasses strategic considerations as well as economic, political, or topographic factors.

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Salceda, Victor. "The frequency of allelic lethals and complementation maps in natural populations of drosophila melanogaster from Mexico." Genetika 36, no. 3 (2004): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0403205s.

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Departing from a previous study on the genetic loads affecting the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster in four natural populations, 171 lethal chromosomes were recovered and maintained as a balanced stocks in the condition Cy L / 1 (l=lethal); of those lethais 24 correspond to population A, 50 to populations B and C and 47 to population D. later on an intra-population allelism test for the four populations was performed for each one. A total of 3807 inter lethal crosses were done yielding a total of i 10 allelic combinations, from them the respective percentage of allelism for each population was calculated and they are as follow: 3.98 % for population A, 1.80 % for population B, 3.67 % for population C and 2.96 % for population D. the observed values for the frequency of allelism in these populations are not significantly different from those reported by other authors in similar studies in natural and/or experimental populations. Beside these values the frequency for singles, doubles, triplets and even quadruplets present in each population were determined, they shown the presence of various complementation maps due to the clustering of few different lethals: also a large complementation map formed by a large cluster involving the presence of 26 different lethals found in population D all of them combined constituting a single unit was found.

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Hill, Ryan, Christopher McGinty, and Kenneth Sims. "Appendix: Maps Showing Muslim Population Density in Southeastern Europe." Nationalities Papers 28, no. 1 (March 2000): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990050002524.

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Vandermeer, John, and Andrew Kaufmann. "Models of coupled population oscillators using 1-D maps." Journal of Mathematical Biology 37, no. 2 (August 17, 1998): 178–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002850050125.

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Bulinski, J. C., and A. Bossler. "Purification and characterization of ensconsin, a novel microtubule stabilizing protein." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 2839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.10.2839.

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In previous studies (Bulinski and Borisy (1979). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 76, 293–297; Weatherbee et al. (1980). Biochemistry 19, 4116–4123) a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) of M(r) approximately 125,000 was identified as a prominent MAP in HeLa cells. We set out to perform a biochemical characterization of this protein, and to determine its in vitro functions and in vivo distribution. We determined that, like the assembly-promoting MAPs, tau, MAP2 and MAP4, the 125 kDa MAP was both proteolytically sensitive and thermostable. An additional property of this MAP; namely, its unusually tight association with a calcium-insensitive population of MTs in the presence of taxol, was exploited in devising an efficient purification strategy. Because of the MAP's tenacious association with a stable population of MTs, and because it appeared to contribute to the stability of this population of MTs in vitro, we have named this protein ensconsin. We examined the binding of purified ensconsin to MTs; ensconsin exhibited binding that saturated its MT binding sites at an approximate molar ratio of 1:6 (ensconsin:tubulin). Unlike other MAPs characterized to date, ensconsin's binding to MTs was insensitive to moderate salt concentrations (< or = 0.6 M). We further characterized ensconsin in immunoblotting experiments using mouse polyclonal anti-ensconsin antibodies and antibodies reactive with previously described MAPs, such as high molecular mass tau isoforms, dynamin, STOP, CLIP-170 and kinesin. These experiments demonstrated that ensconsin is distinct from other proteins of similar M(r) that may be present in association with MTs. Immunofluorescence with anti-ensconsin antibodies demonstrated that ensconsin was detectable in association with most or all of the MTs of several lines of human epithelial, fibroblastic and muscle cells; its in vivo properties and distribution, especially in response to drug or other treatments of cells, were found to be different from those of MAP4, the predominant MAP found in these cell types. We conclude that ensconsin, a MAP found in a variety of human cells, is biochemically - and perhaps functionally - distinct from other MAPs present in non-neuronal cells.

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Kelly, A. L., A. G. Sharpe, J. H. Nixon, D. J. Lydiate, and E. J. Evans. "Indistinguishable patterns of recombination resulting from male and female meioses in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)." Genome 40, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-007.

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An F1 individual derived from a cross between two distinct lines of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was used to produce a pair of complementary backcross populations, each consisting of 90 individuals. The F1 donated male gametes to the Male population and female gametes to the Female population. Genetic maps were generated from both populations and aligned using 117 common loci to form an integrated genome map of B. napus with 243 RFLP-defined loci. A comparison of the frequency and distribution of crossovers in the two populations of F1 gametes (assayed in the Male and Female populations) detected no differences. The genetic maps derived from the Male and Female populations each consisted of 19 linkage groups spanning 1544 and 1577 cM, respectively. The maps were aligned with other B. napus maps, and all 19 equivalent linkage groups were unambiguously assigned. The genetic size and general organisation of the new maps were comparable with those of pre-existing B. napus maps in most respects, except that the levels of polymorphism in the constituent A and C genomes were unusually similar in the new cross.Key words: genetic linkage map, sex differences, recombination frequency, segregation distortion.

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Dmowska, Anna, and Tomasz F. Stepinski. "Racial Dot Maps Based on Dasymetrically Modeled Gridded Population Data." Social Sciences 8, no. 5 (May 18, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8050157.

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Racial geography, mapping spatial distributions of different racial groups, is of keen interest in a multiracial society like the United States. A racial dot map is a method of visualizing racial geography, which depicts spatial distribution, population density, and racial mix in a single, easy-to-understand map. Because of the richness of information it carries, the dot map is an excellent tool for visual analysis of racial distribution. Presently-used racial dot maps are based on the Census data at the tract or the block level. In this paper, we present a method of constructing a more spatially-accurate racial dot map based on a sub-block-resolution population grid. The utility of our dot maps is further enhanced by placing dots on the map in random order regardless of the race they represent in order to achieve a more accurate depiction of local racial composition. We present a series of comparisons between dot maps based on tract, block, and grid data. The advantage of a grid-based dot map is evident from the visual comparison of all maps with an actual image of the mapped area. We make available the R code for constructing grid-based dot maps. We also make available 2010 grid-based racial dot maps for all counties in the conterminous United States.

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Zhao, Yuncong, Yuan Zhang, Hongyan Wang, Xin Du, Qiangzi Li, and Jiong Zhu. "Intraday Variation Mapping of Population Age Structure via Urban-Functional-Region-Based Scaling." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040805.

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The spatial distribution of the population is uneven for various reasons, such as urban-rural differences and geographical conditions differences. As the basic element of the natural structure of the population, the age structure composition of populations also varies considerably across the world. Obtaining accurate and spatiotemporal population age structure maps is crucial for calculating population size at risk, analyzing populations mobility patterns, or calculating health and development indicators. During the past decades, many population maps in the form of administrative units and grids have been produced. However, these population maps are limited by the lack of information on the change of population distribution within a day and the age structure of the population. Urban functional regions (UFRs) are closely related to population mobility patterns, which can provide information about population variation intraday. Focusing on the area within the Beijing Fifth Ring Road, the political and economic center of Beijing, we showed how to use the temporal scaling factors obtained by analyzing the population survey sampling data and population dasymetric maps in different categories of UFRs to realize the intraday variation mapping of elderly individuals and children. The population dasymetric maps were generated on the basis of covariates related to population. In this article, 50 covariates were calculated from remote sensing data and geospatial data. However, not all covariates are associate with population distribution. In order to improve the accuracy of dasymetric maps and reduce the cost of mapping, it is necessary to select the optimal subset for the dasymetric model of elderly and children. The random forest recursive feature elimination (RF-RFE) algorithm was introduced to obtain the optimal subset of different age groups of people and generate the population dasymetric model in this article, as well as to screen out the optimal subset with 38 covariates and 26 covariates for the dasymetric models of the elderly and children, respectively. An accurate UFR identification method combining point of interest (POI) data and OpenStreetMap (OSM) road network data is also introduced in this article. The overall accuracy of the identification results of UFRs was 70.97%, which is quite accurate. The intraday variation maps of population age structure on weekdays and weekends were made within the Beijing Fifth Ring Road. Accuracy evaluation based on sampling data found that the overall accuracy was relatively high—R2 for each time period was higher than 0.5 and root mean square error (RMSE) was less than 0.05. On weekdays in particular, R2 for each time period was higher than 0.61 and RMSE was less than 0.02.

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Spence, Jeffrey P., and Yun S. Song. "Inference and analysis of population-specific fine-scale recombination maps across 26 diverse human populations." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaaw9206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw9206.

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Fine-scale rates of meiotic recombination vary by orders of magnitude across the genome and differ between species and even populations. Studying cross-population differences has been stymied by the confounding effects of demographic history. To address this problem, we developed a demography-aware method to infer fine-scale recombination rates and applied it to 26 diverse human populations, inferring population-specific recombination maps. These maps recapitulate many aspects of the history of these populations including signatures of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the Iberian colonization of the Americas. We also investigated modulators of the local recombination rate, finding further evidence that Polycomb group proteins and the trimethylation of H3K27 elevate recombination rates. Further differences in the recombination landscape across the genome and between populations are driven by variation in the gene that encodes the DNA binding protein PRDM9, and we quantify the weak effect of meiotic drive acting to remove its binding sites.

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Anderson, J. A., G. A. Churchill, J. E. Autrique, S. D. Tanksley, and M. E. Sorrells. "Optimizing parental selection for genetic linkage maps." Genome 36, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-024.

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Genetic linkage maps based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms are useful for many purposes; however, different populations are required to fulfill different objectives. Clones from the linkage map(s) are subsequently probed onto populations developed for special purposes such as gene tagging. Therefore, clones contained on the initial map(s) must be polymorphic on a wide range of genotypes to have maximum utility. The objectives of this research were to (i) calculate polymorphism information content values of 51 low-copy DNA clones and (ii) use the resulting values to choose potential mapping parents. Polymorphism information content was calculated using gene diversity by classifying restriction fragment patterns on a diverse set of 18 wheat genotypes. Combinations of potential parents were then compared by examining both the proportion of polymorphic clones and the likelihood that those mapped clones would give a polymorphism when used on other populations. Genotype pairs were identified that would map more highly informative DNA clones compared with a population derived from the most polymorphic potential parents. The methodologies used to characterize clones and rank potential parents should be applicable to other species and types of markers as well.Key words: restriction fragment length polymorphism, mapping, Triticum aestivum.

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KOPCZEWSKI, Marian, and Krzysztof PAJĄK. "CREATION OF RISK MAPS AND VULNERABILITY MAPS AS PART OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 162, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3272.

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In accordance with the provisions of the Act on crisis management, a significant element of the national, voivodeship, poviat and commune crisis management plans is to create hazard and risk maps. A useful element in risk management is also vulnerability maps. Vulnerability determines the interdependence of the sensitivity and resistance of the local population and the environment to risk. This article describes how to create risk maps and vulnerability maps.

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Suttle, M. D., T. Hasse, L. Hecht, and Donald Brownlee. "Evaluating urban micrometeorites as a research resource—A large population collected from a single rooftop." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 56, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 1531–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.13712.

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Kerle, N., and J. de Leeuw. "Reviving Legacy Population Maps With Object-Oriented Image Processing Techniques." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 47, no. 7 (July 2009): 2392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2008.2010853.

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Swindale, Nicholas V. "Feedback Decoding of Spatially Structured Population Activity in Cortical Maps." Neural Computation 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 176–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.20.1.176.

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A mechanism is proposed by which feedback pathways model spatial patterns of feedforward activity in cortical maps. The mechanism can be viewed equivalently as readout of a content-addressable memory or as decoding of a population code. The model is based on the evidence that cortical receptive fields can often be described as a separable product of functions along several dimensions, each represented in a spatially ordered map. Given this, it is shown that for an N-dimensional map, accurate modeling and decoding of xN feedforward activity patterns can be done with Nx fibers, N of which must be active at any one time. The proposed mechanism explains several known properties of the cortex and pyramidal neurons: (1) the integration of signals by dendrites with a narrow tangential distribution, that is, apical dendrites; (2) the presence of fast-conducting feedback projections with broad tangential distributions; (3) the multiplicative effects of attention on receptive field profiles; and (4) the existence of multiplicative interactions between subthreshold feedforward inputs to basal dendrites and inputs to apical dendrites.

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Leutgeb, Stefan, Jill K. Leutgeb, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard I. Moser. "Place cells, spatial maps and the population code for memory." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15, no. 6 (December 2005): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.002.

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Zhou, Ying, Brian L. Browning, and Sharon R. Browning. "Population-Specific Recombination Maps from Segments of Identity by Descent." American Journal of Human Genetics 107, no. 1 (July 2020): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.016.

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Hay, S. I., A. M. Noor, A. Nelson, and A. J. Tatem. "The accuracy of human population maps for public health application." Tropical Medicine and International Health 10, no. 10 (October 2005): 1073–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01487.x.

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Vision, Todd J., Daniel G. Brown, David B. Shmoys, Richard T. Durrett, and Steven D. Tanksley. "Selective Mapping: A Strategy for Optimizing the Construction of High-Density Linkage Maps." Genetics 155, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.1.407.

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Abstract Historically, linkage mapping populations have consisted of large, randomly selected samples of progeny from a given pedigree or cell lines from a panel of radiation hybrids. We demonstrate that, to construct a map with high genome-wide marker density, it is neither necessary nor desirable to genotype all markers in every individual of a large mapping population. Instead, a reduced sample of individuals bearing complementary recombinational or radiation-induced breakpoints may be selected for genotyping subsequent markers from a large, but sparsely genotyped, mapping population. Choosing such a sample can be reduced to a discrete stochastic optimization problem for which the goal is a sample with breakpoints spaced evenly throughout the genome. We have developed several different methods for selecting such samples and have evaluated their performance on simulated and actual mapping populations, including the Lister and Dean Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred population and the GeneBridge 4 human radiation hybrid panel. Our methods quickly and consistently find much-reduced samples with map resolution approaching that of the larger populations from which they are derived. This approach, which we have termed selective mapping, can facilitate the production of high-quality, high-density genome-wide linkage maps.

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Subudhi, Prasanta K., and Henry T. Nguyen. "Linkage group alignment of sorghum RFLP maps using a RIL mapping population." Genome 43, no. 2 (March 15, 2000): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-112.

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Several molecular maps have been constructed in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) using a variety of probes from different grass species such as sorghum, maize, sugarcane, rice, oat, and barley. In order to enhance the utility of the existing mapping information by the sorghum research community, alignment and integration of all major molecular maps is necessary. To achieve this objective, a genetic map of 214 loci with a total map distance of 1200 cM was constructed using 98 F7 sorghum recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between two inbred lines, B35 and Tx7000. Few cDNA clones of sorghum and maize related to photosynthesis and drought stress were mapped on this map for the first time. Five major restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) maps independently developed in this species were used for alignment purpose. The distributions of previously mapped markers were compared with their respective sorghum maps to align each of the linkage groups. In general, consistent linear order among markers was maintained in all the linkage maps. The successful alignment of these RFLP maps will now allow selection of a large number of markers for any region of the sorghum genome with many potential applications ranging from fine mapping and marker-assisted selection to map-based cloning for the improvement of sorghum and related species. Key words: Sorghum bicolor, linkage maps, molecular markers.

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Barr, A. R., S. P. Jefferies, S. Broughton, K. J. Chalmers, J. M. Kretschmer, W. J. R. Boyd, H. M. Collins, et al. "Mapping and QTL analysis of the barley population Alexis × Sloop." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02190.

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Two populations between the German malting variety Alexis and the Australian malting variety Sloop were constructed, mapped, phenotyped, and subjected to quantitative trait loci analysis. One population consisted of 153 F4-derived recombinant inbred lines and the other of 111 doubled haploid lines. This paper describes 18 field and laboratory experiments conducted with the populations and summarises the traits mapped and analysed. The genetic basis of 5 traits (malt extract, resistance to leaf rust, resistance to powdery mildew, early flowering, plant stature) important to Australian efforts to improve malting barley varieties was elucidated. Detailed maps for these populations are shown in this paper, while a consensus map incorporating these maps and further experiments on the populations are described elsewhere in this issue.

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Peterson, Michael P., Paul Hunt, and Konrad Weiß. "Mapping Air Population." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-91-2018.

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“Air population” refers to the total number of people flying above the earth at any point in time. The total number of passengers can then be estimated by multiplying the number of seats for each aircraft by the current seat occupancy rate. Using this method, the estimated air population is determined by state for the airspace over the United States. In the interactive, real-time mapping system, maps are provided to show total air population, the density of air population (air population / area of state), and the ratio of air population to ground population.

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Whittaker, J. C., R. N. Curnow, C. S. Haley, and R. Thompson. "Using marker-maps in marker-assisted selection." Genetical Research 66, no. 3 (December 1995): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300034698.

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SummaryA method of using information on the location of markers to improve the efficiency of markerassisted selection (MAS) in a population produced by a cross between two inbred lines is developed. The method is closer to mapping QTL than the selection index approaches to MAS described by previous authors. We use computer simulations to compare our method with phenotypic selection and two selection index approaches, simulations being performed on three genetic maps. The simulations show that whilst MAS can be considerably more efficient than phenotypic selection differences between the three MAS methods are slight. Which of the MAS methods is best depends on a number of factors: in particular the genetic map, the time scale under consideration and the population size are of importance.

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Barr, A. R., A. Karakousis, R. C. M. Lance, S. J. Logue, S. Manning, K. J. Chalmers, J. M. Kretschmer, et al. "Mapping and QTL analysis of the barley population Chebec × Harrington." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02215.

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A doubled haploid population of 120 individuals was produced from the parents Chebec, an Australian 2-row barley of feed quality with resistance to the cereal cyst nematode, and Harrington, a 2-rowed, Canadian variety of premium malting quality. This paper describes 18 field and laboratory experiments conducted with the population and summarises the traits mapped and analysed. The genomic location of 25 traits and genes is described and marker–trait associations for 5 traits (malt extract, diastatic power, resistance to cereal cyst nematode, early flowering, resistance to pre-harvest sprouting) important to Australian efforts to improve malting barley varieties have been used in practical breeding programs. Detailed maps for these populations are shown in this paper, while a consensus map incorporating these maps and further experiments on the populations are described elsewhere in this issue.

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Clinton, Richard L., and Richard W. Wilkie. "Latin American Population and Urbanization Analysis: Maps and Statistics, 1950-1985." Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 2 (May 1986): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515160.

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Wilkie, Richard W. "Latin American Population and Urbanization Analysis: Maps and Statistics, 1950-1982." American Political Science Review 79, no. 4 (December 1985): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956424.

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Sommer, Marianne. "Population-genetic trees, maps, and narratives of the great human diasporas." History of the Human Sciences 28, no. 5 (March 23, 2015): 108–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695115573032.

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DeSimone, K., J. D. Viviano, and K. A. Schneider. "Population Receptive Field Estimation Reveals New Retinotopic Maps in Human Subcortex." Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 27 (July 8, 2015): 9836–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3840-14.2015.

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Clinton, Richard L. "Latin American Population and Urbanization Analysis: Maps and Statistics, 1950-1985." Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-66.2.393.

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Genovese, Giulio, Robert E. Handsaker, Heng Li, Nicolas Altemose, Amelia M. Lindgren, Kimberly Chambert, Bogdan Pasaniuc, et al. "Using population admixture to help complete maps of the human genome." Nature Genetics 45, no. 4 (February 24, 2013): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2565.

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VAN STEEN, PAUL J. M., and PIET H. PELLENBARG. "DUTCH POPULATION CHANGE AND SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION: INTRODUCTION TO THE 2010 MAPS." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 101, no. 1 (February 2010): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00593.x.

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Weir, B. S. "Impact of dense genetic marker maps on plant population genetic studies." Euphytica 154, no. 3 (November 14, 2006): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9283-4.

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Brock, Marcus T., Matthew J. Rubin, Dean DellaPenna, and Cynthia Weinig. "A Nested Association Mapping Panel in Arabidopsis thaliana for Mapping and Characterizing Genetic Architecture." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 10 (August 11, 2020): 3701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401239.

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Linkage and association mapping populations are crucial public resources that facilitate the characterization of trait genetic architecture in natural and agricultural systems. We define a large nested association mapping panel (NAM) from 14 publicly available recombinant inbred line populations (RILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana, which share a common recurrent parent (Col-0). Using a genotype-by-sequencing approach (GBS), we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; range 563-1525 per population) and subsequently built updated linkage maps in each of the 14 RIL sets. Simulations in individual RIL populations indicate that our GBS markers have improved power to detect small effect QTL and enhanced resolution of QTL support intervals in comparison to original linkage maps. Using these robust linkage maps, we imputed a common set of publicly available parental SNPs into each RIL linkage map, generating overlapping markers across all populations. Though ultimately depending on allele frequencies at causal loci, simulations of the NAM panel suggest that surveying between 4 to 7 of the 14 RIL populations provides high resolution of the genetic architecture of complex traits, relative to a single mapping population.

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Chalmers, K. J., A. W. Campbell, J. Kretschmer, A. Karakousis, P. H. Henschke, S. Pierens, N. Harker, et al. "Construction of three linkage maps in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 12 (2001): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01081.

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Genetic maps were compiled from the analysis of 160–180 doubled haploid lines derived from 3 crosses: Cranbrook Halberd, CD87 Katepwa, and Sunco Tasman. The parental wheat lines covered a wide range of the germplasm used in Australian wheat breeding. The linkage maps were constructed with RFLP, AFLP, microsatellite markers, known genes, and proteins. The numbers of markers placed on each map were 902 for Cranbrook Halberd, 505 for CD87 Katepwa, and 355 for Sunco Tasman. Most of the expected linkage groups could be determined, but 10–20% of markers could not be assigned to a specific linkage group. Homologous chromosomes could be aligned between the populations described here and linkage groups reported in the literature, based around the RFLP, protein, and microsatellite markers. For most chromosomes, colinearity of markers was found for the maps reported here and those recorded on published physical maps of wheat. AFLP markers proved to be effective in filling gaps in the maps. In addition, it was found that many AFLP markers defined specific genetic loci in wheat across all 3 populations. The quality of the maps and the density of markers differs for each population. Some chromosomes, particularly D genome chromosomes, are poorly covered. There was also evidence of segregation distortion in some regions, and the distribution of recombination events was uneven, with substantial numbers of doubled haploid lines in each population displaying one or more parental chromosomes. These features will affect the reliability of the maps in localising loci controlling some traits, particularly complex quantitative traits and traits of low heritability. The parents used to develop the mapping populations were selected based on their quality characteristics and the maps provide a basis for the analysis of the genetic control of components of processing quality. However, the parents also differ in resistance to several important diseases, in a range of physiological traits, and in tolerance to some abiotic stresses.

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Álvarez, Isabel, Iván Fernández, Amadou Traoré, Nuria A. Menéndez-Arias, and Félix Goyache. "Population Structure Assessed Using Microsatellite and SNP Data: An Empirical Comparison in West African Cattle." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010151.

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A sample of 185 West African cattle belonging to nine different taurine, sanga, and zebu populations was typed using a set of 33 microsatellites and the BovineHD BeadChip of Illumina. The information provided by each type of marker was summarized via clustering methods and principal component analyses (PCA). The aim was to assess differences in performance between both marker types for the identification of population structure and the projection of genetic variability on geographical maps. In general, both microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) allowed us to differentiate taurine cattle from zebu and sanga cattle, which, in turn, would form a single population. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients computed among the admixture coefficients (fitting K = 2) and the eigenvectors corresponding to the first two factors identified using PCA on both microsatellite and SNP data were statistically significant (most of them having p < 0.0001) and high. However, SNP data allowed for a better fine-scale identification of population structure within taurine cattle: Lagunaire cattle from Benin were separated from two different N’Dama cattle samples. Furthermore, when clustering analyses assumed the existence of two parental populations only (K = 2), the SNPs could differentiate a different genetic background in Lagunaire and N’Dama cattle. Although the two N’Dama cattle populations had very different breeding histories, the microsatellite set could not separate the two N’Dama cattle populations. Classic bidimensional dispersion plots constructed using factors identified via PCA gave different shapes for microsatellites and SNPs: plots constructed using microsatellite polymorphism would suggest the existence of weakly differentiated, highly intermingled, subpopulations. However, the projection of the factors identified on synthetic maps gave comparable images. This would suggest that results on population structuring must be interpreted with caution. The geographic projection of genetic variation on synthetic maps avoids interpretations that go beyond the results obtained, particularly when previous information on the analyzed populations is scant. Factors influencing the performance of the projection of genetic parameters on geographic maps, together with restrictions that may affect the election of a given type of markers, are discussed.

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Álvarez, Isabel, Iván Fernández, Amadou Traoré, Nuria A. Menéndez-Arias, and Félix Goyache. "Population Structure Assessed Using Microsatellite and SNP Data: An Empirical Comparison in West African Cattle." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010151.

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A sample of 185 West African cattle belonging to nine different taurine, sanga, and zebu populations was typed using a set of 33 microsatellites and the BovineHD BeadChip of Illumina. The information provided by each type of marker was summarized via clustering methods and principal component analyses (PCA). The aim was to assess differences in performance between both marker types for the identification of population structure and the projection of genetic variability on geographical maps. In general, both microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) allowed us to differentiate taurine cattle from zebu and sanga cattle, which, in turn, would form a single population. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients computed among the admixture coefficients (fitting K = 2) and the eigenvectors corresponding to the first two factors identified using PCA on both microsatellite and SNP data were statistically significant (most of them having p < 0.0001) and high. However, SNP data allowed for a better fine-scale identification of population structure within taurine cattle: Lagunaire cattle from Benin were separated from two different N’Dama cattle samples. Furthermore, when clustering analyses assumed the existence of two parental populations only (K = 2), the SNPs could differentiate a different genetic background in Lagunaire and N’Dama cattle. Although the two N’Dama cattle populations had very different breeding histories, the microsatellite set could not separate the two N’Dama cattle populations. Classic bidimensional dispersion plots constructed using factors identified via PCA gave different shapes for microsatellites and SNPs: plots constructed using microsatellite polymorphism would suggest the existence of weakly differentiated, highly intermingled, subpopulations. However, the projection of the factors identified on synthetic maps gave comparable images. This would suggest that results on population structuring must be interpreted with caution. The geographic projection of genetic variation on synthetic maps avoids interpretations that go beyond the results obtained, particularly when previous information on the analyzed populations is scant. Factors influencing the performance of the projection of genetic parameters on geographic maps, together with restrictions that may affect the election of a given type of markers, are discussed.

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Baker, Tanya I., and Naoum P. Issa. "Cortical Maps of Separable Tuning Properties Predict Population Responses to Complex Visual Stimuli." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (July 2005): 775–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01093.2004.

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In the earliest cortical stages of visual processing, a scene is represented in different functional domains selective for specific features. Maps of orientation and spatial frequency preference have been described in the primary visual cortex using simple sinusoidal grating stimuli. However, recent imaging experiments suggest that the maps of these two spatial parameters are not sufficient to describe patterns of activity in different orientation domains generated in response to complex, moving stimuli. A model of cortical organization is presented in which cortical temporal frequency tuning is superimposed on the maps of orientation and spatial frequency tuning. The maps of these three tuning properties are sufficient to describe the activity in orientation domains that have been measured in response to drifting complex images. The model also makes specific predictions about how moving images are represented in different spatial frequency domains. These results suggest that the tangential organization of primary visual cortex can be described by a set of maps of separable neuronal receptive field features including maps of orientation, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency tuning properties.

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Johnson, D. L. "SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION, SPATIAL MODELING, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN GRASSHOPPER SURVEY METHODOLOGY." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 7 (July 1989): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent121579-7.

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AbstractAnalysis of 10 years of grasshopper survey data (1978–1987) indicated that grasshopper populations in fields can be reliably predicted from roadside survey counts. Direct estimation of grasshopper densities in crop fields is no longer required for summaries of infestation levels or forecasts. Spatial autocorrelation was significant and positive for both roadside and field counts. The coefficient of variation of the field counts was greater than that of the roadside counts in each of the last 10 years. Population density was summarized by crop type and sampling method for the last 10 years. Linear regressions fitted to the 1978–1984 grasshopper survey data were used to estimate field population density from crop type and roadside counts in 1985–1987. Maps of population density were generated from the predicted and observed field counts with SPANS, a microcomputer-based geographic information system. Large coefficients of association (73–79%) between the predicted and observed maps attested to the sufficiency of road-side counts as the basis for production of population density maps.

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Broadhurst, Linda M., Paul K. Scannell, and Glen A. Johnson. "Generating genetic relatedness maps to improve the management of two rare orchid species." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 3 (2008): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07101.

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Arachnorchis concolor and A. pilotensis are two rare orchid species with contrasting spatial distributions found in south-eastern Australia. A. concolor is known from ~220 plants, with the largest population found in southern central Victoria and the remaining smaller populations ~100 km north. Some taxonomic uncertainty surrounds the affiliations of these disjunct populations. A. pilotensis is known from ~100 plants in a single location near the Beechworth region of north-eastern Victoria. Small populations such as these can show extreme demographic and/or genetic constraints and careful management is required to ensure their long-term persistence. The present study used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to describe the levels of relatedness among plants from both species and to determine levels of genetic diversity for each species as well as levels of differentiation among A. concolor populations, to assist with species management. Species-level genetic diversity was lower in A. pilotensis (PLP 44%, Hj 0.182) than A. concolor (PLP 58.2%, Hj 0.202). Genetic diversity also varied among A. concolor populations but this does not appear to relate to population size. High levels of inbreeding were evident in A. concolor (f, 0.828) in contrast to moderate levels observed in A. pilotensis (f, 0.466). Genetic relatedness maps, generated by principal coordinates analyses, indicated significant differentiation among A. concolor populations with some sub-structuring also apparent within A. pilotensis. Management implications for the two species, with respect to sourcing of material for translocation and augmentation of pollination events within populations, are discussed in light of these findings.

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Poorova, Zuzana, and Zuzana Vranayova. "Modeling Košice Green Roofs Maps." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2017-0012.

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Abstract The need to house population in urban areas is expected to rise to 66% in 2050, according to United Nations. The replacement of natural permeable green areas with concrete constructions and hard surfaces will be noticed. The densification of existing built-up areas is responsible for the decreasing vegetation, which results in the lack of evapotranspiration cooling the air. Such decreasing vegetation causes urban heat islands. Since roofs and pavements have a very low albedo, they absorb a lot of sunlight. Several studies have shown that natural and permeable surfaces, as in the case of green roofs, can play crucial role in mitigating this negative climate phenomenon and providing higher efficiency for the building, leading to savings. Such as water saving, what is the main idea of this research.

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Crawford, E., M. D. Filipovic, Horta de, G. F. Wong, N. F. H. Tothill, D. Draskovic, J. D. Collier, and T. J. Galvin. "New 6 and 3-cm radio-continuum maps of the Small Magellanic Cloud, Part I: The maps." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 183 (2011): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj1183095c.

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We present new 6 and 3-cm radio-continuum maps of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), created with the "peeling" technique and a joint deconvolution. The maps have resolutions of 3000 and 2000 and r.m.s., noise of 0.7 and 0.8 mJy/beam at 6 and 3 cm, respectively. These maps will be used for future studies of the SMC's radio source population and overall extended structure.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Population maps'

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