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1
Zenger, Kyall Richard. "Genetic linkage maps and population genetics of macropods." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/47604.
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"November 2001".Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 2002.
Bibliography: leaves 136-157.
General introduction -- Molecular markers for comparative and quantitative studies in macropods -- Genetic linkage map construction in the tammar wallaby (M. eugenii) -- Intraspecific variation, sex-biased dispersal and phylogeography of the eastern grey kangaroo (M. giganteus) -- General discussion.
The analysis of DNA using molecular techniques is an important tool for studies of evolutionary relationships, population genetics and genome organisation. The use of molecular markers within marsupials is primarily limited by their availability and success of amplification. Within this study, 77 macropodid type II microsatellite loci and two type I genetic markers were characterised within M. eugenii to evaluate polymorphic levels and cross-species amplification artifacts. Results indicated that 65 microsatellite loci amplified a single locus in M. eugenii with 44 exhibiting high levels of variability. The success of crossspecies amplification of microsatellite loci was inversely proportional to the evolutionary distance between the macropod species. It is revealed that the majority of species within the Macropodidae are capable of using many of the available heterologous microsatellites. When comparing the degree of variability between source-species and M. eugenii, most were significantly higher within source species (P < 0.05). These differences were most likely caused by ascertainment bias in microsatellite selection for both length and purity. -- The production of a marsupial genetic linkage map is perhaps one of the most important objectives in marsupial research. This study used a total of 353 informative meioses and 64 genetic markers to construct a framework genetic linkage map for M. eugenii. Nearly all markers (93.7%) formed a significant linkage (LOD > 3.0) with at least one other marker. More than 70% (828 cM) of the genome had been mapped when compared with chiasmata data. Nine linkage groups were identified, with all but one (LG7; X-linked) allocated to the autosomes. Theses groups ranged in size from 15.7 cM to 176.5 cM, and have an average distance of 16.2 cM between adjacent markers. Of the autosomal linkage groups, LG2 and LG3 were assigned to chromosome 1 and LG4 localised to chromosome 3 based on physical localisation of genes. Significant sex-specific distortions towards reduced female recombination rates were revealed in 22% of comparisons. Positive interference was observed within all the linkage groups analysed. When comparing the X-chromosome data to closely related species it is apparent that it is conserved both in synteny and gene order. -- The investigation of population dynamics of eastern grey kangaroos has been limited to a few ecological studies. The present investigation provides analysis of mtDNA and microsatellite data to infer both historical and contemporary patterns of population structuring and dispersal. The average level of genetic variation across sample locations was exceedingly high (h = 0.95, HE = 0.82), and is one of the highest observed for marsupials. Contrary to ecological studies, both genic and genotypic analyses reveal weak genetic structure of populations where high levels of dispersal may be inferred up to 230 km. The movement of individuals was predominantly male-biased (average N,m = 22.61, average N p = 2.73). However, neither sex showed significant isolation by distance. On a continental scale, there was strong genetic differentiation and phylogeographic distinction between southern (TAS, VIC and NSW) and northern (QLD) Australian populations, indicating a current and / or historical restriction of geneflow. In addition, it is evident that northern populations are historically more recent, and were derived from a small number of southern eastern grey kangaroo founders. Phylogenetic comparisons between M. g. giganteus and M. g. tasmaniensis, indicated that the current taxonomic status of these subspecies should be revised as there was a lack of genetic differentiation between the populations sampled.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xv, 182 leaves ill
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Kardos, Julian, and n/a. "Visualising attribute and spatial uncertainty in choropleth maps using hierachical spatial data models." University of Otago. Department of Information Science, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060908.151014.
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This thesis defines a novel and intuitive method to visually represent attribute uncertainty, and spatial boundary uncertainty generated from choropleth maps. Like all data, it is not possible to know exactly how far from the truth spatial data used for choropleth mapping is. When spatial data is used in a decision-making context a visual representation of data correctness may become a valuable addition. As an example, the visualisation of uncertainty is illustrated using choropleth mapping techniques superimposed on New Zealand 2001 census data, but other spatial datasets could have been employed. Both attribute and spatial uncertainty are considered, with Monte Carlo statistical simulations being used to model attribute uncertainty.
A visualisation technique to manage certain choropleth spatial boundary issues (i.e. the modifiable areal unit problem - MAUP) and uncertainty in attribute data is introduced, especially catering for attribute and choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty simultaneously. The new uncertainty visualisation method uses the quadtree spatial data model (SDM) in a novel manner. It is shown that by adapting the quadtree SDM to divide according to uncertainty levels possessed by attributes (associated with areal units), rather than divide on the basis of homogeneous regions (as the original quadtree design was intended), a measure of attribute and choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty can be exhibited. The variable cell size of the structure expresses uncertainty, with larger cell size indicating large uncertainty, and vice versa. The new quadtree SDM was termed the trustree. A software suite called TRUST v1.0 (The Representation of Uncertainty using Scale-unspecific Tessellations) was developed to create square trustree visualisations.
The visual appeal and representational accuracy of the trustree was investigated. Representative accuracy and visual appeal increased when using hexagonal tessellations instead of the quadtree�s traditional square tessellation. In particular, the Hexagonal or Rhombus (HoR) quadtree designed by Bell et al. (1989) was used to programme TRUST v1.1. Using the HoR quadtree in rhombic mode (TRUST v1.1.1) produced Orbison�s optical illusion, so it was disregarded. However, the HoR trustree (the hexagonal tessellation produced by TRUST v1.1.2) was adopted for further research and user assessment. When assessed using an Internet survey, the HoR trustree adequately displayed choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty, but not attribute uncertainty. New trustree visualisations, the value-by-area (VBA) trustree and adjacent HoR trustree were developed to help increase the expression of attribute uncertainty. Upon reassessment, the new trustree visualisations were deemed usable to express attribute uncertainty and choropleth spatial boundary uncertainty at a modest 58% usable (HoR trustree), 80% usable (VBA trustree) and 85% usable (adjacent HoR trustree). A usability test (where participants were asked to spot different levels of uncertainty) validated these results, whereby the HoR trustree achieved a 65% accuracy level and the VBA trustree achieved an 80% accuracy level. The user assessments helped to highlight that the trustree could be used in two ways, to express detail within or clutter over areal units. The HoR trustree showed (1) a level of detail (or resolution) metaphor, where more detail represented more accuracy and/or the reverse, (2) a metaphor of clutter, where the data structure output was sufficiently dense as to cover spatial information, in effect hiding uncertain areas. Further Internet survey testing showed the trustree tessellation works better when representing a metaphor of detail. Attribute and spatial uncertainty can be effectively expressed depending on the tessellation level used.
Overall, the new TRUST suite visualisations compare favourably with existing uncertainty visualisation techniques. Some uncertainty visualisation methods consistently performed better than the TRUST visualisations such as blinking areas, adjacent value and non-continuous cartograms. Other methods like colour saturation, image sharpness and a three-dimensional surface frequently performed with less usability. Therefore, the TRUST visualisations have found their place amongst other uncertainty visualisation methods. However, survey results showed that TRUST is a viable option for visualising two forms of uncertainty - attribute and spatial uncertainty. No other visualisation method has these capabilities. Further research could include a laboratory assessment of TRUST and also incorporating vagueness and temporal uncertainty concepts. Additionally, end-user testing could provide a valuable insight into uncertainty visualisation for everyday use. Adopting uncertainty methods to uncertainty, such as the technique presented here, into the mainstream decision making environment could be considered a fundamental objective for future investigation in spatial studies.
3
Jones, Jesse Jack. "Effects of Non-homogeneous Population Distribution on Smoothed Maps Produced Using Kernel Density Estimation Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699888/.
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Understanding spatial perspectives on the spread and incidence of a disease is invaluable for public health planning and intervention. Choropleth maps are commonly used to provide an abstraction of disease risk across geographic space. These maps are derived from aggregated population counts that are known to be affected by the small numbers problem. Kernel density estimation methods account for this problem by producing risk estimates that are based on aggregations of approximately equal population sizes. However, the process of aggregation often combines data from areas with non-uniform spatial and population characteristics. This thesis presents a new method to aggregate space in ways that are sensitive to their underlying risk factors. Such maps will enable better public health practice and intervention by enhancing our ability to understand the spatial processes that result in disparate health outcomes.
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Zidan, Adel. "Cellular automata for population growth prediction : Tripoli-Libya case." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10541.
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Due to obstruction in the national plan of urbanization in Tripoli (Libya) and population growth, serious problems have emerged in the form of random settlements, overcrowding and poor infrastructure. After more than two decades of inertia, the government has created a national plan in order to resolve the problems, hence it has enforced the demolition of some zones and modified other (irregularly built) ones, however the process is extremely costly. This research introduces a solution through cellular automata (CA) model to predict growth trends; size of residential, industrial and utilities areas; and to project future population. The model is implemented using digitized land use maps of Tripoli to indicate each areas as group of cells to predict their growth. The model incorporates two types of fuzzy rules bases, the first of which is based on the inputs population and area, and the second of which is based on the three inputs of population, area and density. The population prediction is performed using three scenarios, namely decreasing, fixed and increasing growth rates, such that all possibilities of growth are covered. In addition, the residential area prediction is performed based on two cases: normal density and low density. The former is introduced since new areas tend to have more open spaces and bigger houses. Furthermore, the model considers the growth of the industrial areas to be slower than that of residential areas. The model is developed and validated for the period of 1980 to 2010. The prediction is performed for thirty years from 2010 to 2040. In addition to the CA model, a regression model is developed and tested on the three growth scenarios for the same period (30 years). The prediction results are very close for 2040 in terms of population. The model incorporates the introduction of public services areas that are distributed equally on the growth areas, which occupy about 15-20% of the total area. This model can help the government to develop areas in a proper way and controls the expansion to have well layout and planned of the city, improving people's standard of living sustainably, while protecting the environment with better planning.
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Yarrow, Stuart James. "Analysing the information contributions and anatomical arrangement of neurons in population codes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10453.
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Population coding—the transmission of information by the combined activity of many neurons—is a feature of many neural systems. Identifying the role played by individual neurons within a population code is vital for the understanding of neural codes. In this thesis I examine which stimuli are best encoded by a given neuron within a population and how this depends on the informational measure used, on commonly-measured neuronal properties, and on the population size and the spacing between stimuli. I also show how correlative measures of topography can be used to test for significant topography in the anatomical arrangement of arbitrary neuronal properties. The neurons involved in a population code are generally clustered together in one region of the brain, and moreover their response selectivity is often reflected in their anatomical arrangement within that region. Although such topographic maps are an often-encountered feature in the brains of many species, there are no standard, objective procedures for quantifying topography. Topography in neural maps is typically identified and described subjectively, but in cases where the scale of the map is close to the resolution limit of the measurement technique, identifying the presence of a topographic map can be a challenging subjective task. In such cases, an objective statistical test for detecting topography would be advantageous. To address these issues, I assess seven measures by quantifying topography in simulated neural maps, and show that all but one of these are effective at detecting statistically significant topography even in weakly topographic maps. The precision of the neural code is commonly investigated using two different families of statistical measures: (i) Shannon mutual information and derived quantities when investigating very small populations of neurons and (ii) Fisher information when studying large populations. The Fisher information always predicts that neurons convey most information about stimuli coinciding with the steepest regions of the tuning curve, but it is known that information theoretic measures can give very different predictions. Using a Monte Carlo approach to compute a stimulus-specific decomposition of the mutual information (the stimulus-specific information, or SSI) for populations up to hundreds of neurons in size, I address the following questions: (i) Under what conditions can Fisher information accurately predict the information transmitted by a neuron within a population code? (ii) What are the effects of level of trial-to-trial variability (noise), correlations in the noise, and population size on the best-encoded stimulus? (iii) How does the type of task in a behavioural experiment (i.e. fine and coarse discrimination, classification) affect the best-encoded stimulus? I show that, for both unimodal and monotonic tuning curves, the shape of the SSI is dependent upon trial-to-trial variability, population size and stimulus spacing, in addition to the shape of the tuning curve. It is therefore important to take these factors into account when assessing which stimuli a neuron is informative about; just knowing the tuning curve may not be sufficient.
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Luisi, Pierre 1985. "Positive selection in humans : from singles to interaction maps." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286921.
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From Darwin’s Origin of the Species to the recent wealth in genomic data,
many biologists have focused their research on understanding how natural
selection has shaped the variability among and within species. Although
theoretical and empirical advances have been remarkable, most biological
mechanisms underlying the molecular basis of human adaptation remain
to be elucidated. The selectionist view of adaptation accounted for the
bias towards independent gene evolution. Most published studies aiming
at detecting positive selection using either polymorphism or divergence
data have been performed using a gene-candidate or a genome-wide scan
approach, as described in the two first articles presented here. However,
gene evolution is largely influenced by the biological context in which
the encoded protein performs its intrinsic function(s). The phenotype, not
the genotype, is at the interface with natural selection. Thus, in order
to understand gene evolution, and particularly when considering adaptive
selection, it is crucial to reduce the gap between genotype and phenotype.
Genes and proteins do not act in isolation, but rather interact one
with others in order to perform a given biological function. Therefore,
when studying natural selection at molecular level one promising framework
is to consider gene networks, as described in the two last articles of
the present thesis. Analyses of gene networks describing the Insulin/TOR
transduction signalling cascade and the whole protein-protein physical interaction
map hold very striking results. Namely, genes acting at the core
of both networks, thus having either more effect on a given phenotype or
more pleiotropic effects within the organism, are more likely to be targeted
by recent positive selection, as inferred using polymorphism data.Desde el “Origen de las Especies” de Darwin a la reciente revoluci´on gen´omica, muchos bi´ologos han centrado su investigaci´on en la comprensi ´on de c´omo la selecci´on natural ha dado forma a la variabilidad entre y dentro de las especies. Aunque, los avances te´oricos y emp´ıricos han sido notables, la mayor´ıa de los mecanismos biol´ogicos que subyacen a las bases moleculares de la adaptaci´on biol´ogica a´un no est´an suficientemente esclarecidos. La visi´on seleccionista de adaptaci´on marc´o el sesgo de los estudios evolutivos hacia el an´alisis de genes individuales. La mayor´ıa de estudios publicados destinados a la detecci´on de la selecci´on positiva utilizando datos de polimorfismo o de divergencia se han realizado utilizando un gen candidato o un enfoque de exploraci´on gen´omica, como se describe en los dos primeros art´ıculos presentados en la presente tesis. Sin embargo, la evoluci´on de genes est´a muy condicionada por el contexto biol´ogico en el que cada gen realiza su funci´on intr´ınseca, siendo el fenotipo, y no el genotipo, su materia primaria. Por lo tanto, a fin de comprender la evoluci´on de genes, y en particular cuando se considera la evoluci´on adaptativa, es crucial reducir la brecha entre el genotipo y el fenotipo. Los genes y las prote´ınas no act´uan de manera aislada, sino que interact´uan entre s´ı con el fin de realizar una funci´on biol´ogica determinada. Por lo tanto, un marco prometedor al estudiar la selecci´on natural a nivel molecular seria considerar las redes de genes, como se describe en los dos ´ultimos art´ıculos de la presente tesis. Los an´alisis de los datos de polimorfismo gen´etico, tanto de los genes que componen la v´ıa de la insulina, c´omo de los todos los genes descritos en los mapas f´ısicos de interacci´on prote´ına-prote´ına tienen resultados muy sorprendentes: los genes que act´uan en el n´ucleo de ambas redes, teniendo as´ı m´as efecto sobre un determinado fenotipo o m´as efectos ple´otropicos dentro del organismo, tienen m´as probabilidades de ser el blanco de la selecci´on positiva reciente.
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Rose, Nancy L. "Embedding Evolution: Exploring Changes in Students' Conceptual Development, Beliefs, and Motivations in a Population Ecology Unit." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1343774149.
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Montalvão, Christiane. "Composição social e distribuição espacial dos habitantes de Vila Rica na década de 1810." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/262.
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O objeto desta dissertação é a distribuição demográfica do maior espaço urbano da capitania de Minas Gerais nos primeiros anos do século XIX – a capital da capitania de Minas Gerais, Vila Rica. As fontes sobre as quais se alicerçam esta pesquisa são principalmente o recenseamento da capitania de Minas Gerais de 1804 e o livro de tombos elaborado a partir de 1809. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de um projeto que envolve o uso de ferramentas ligado aos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), com o objetivo de contribuir para uma biografia do espaço.
The object of this work is the demographics of the largest urban space in the captaincy of Minas Gerais in the early years of the nineteenth century - the capital of the captaincy of Minas Gerais, Villa Rica. The sources upon which underpin this research are mainly the census of the captaincy of Minas Gerais 1804 and tumbles book drawn from 1809. As regards the methodology, it is a project that involves the use of tools linked to Systems Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to contribute to a biography of space.
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Levine, Alexander V. "The Real Snowbirds of South Florida: Using Citizen Science to Assess the Ranges of South Florida's Overwintering Birdsh." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3769.
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The overwintering ranges of North American bird populations are shifting and the winter ranges of south Florida’s landbirds remain understudied. Expert-drawn range maps used for scientific studies and environmental public policy could therefore be depicting inaccurate ranges for many migratory birds. This study used citizen science data from eBird (2001–2017) to evaluate patterns in overwintering avian species richness and identify discrepanciesin expert-drawn species range maps for overwintering passerines in south Florida. Most of Florida’s overwintering bird species were sighted in south Florida. Of the species observed there between 2001 and 2017, 66% had range map discrepancies. Fifteen target species were examined in the present study and fourteen of them were sighted in south Florida throughout the winter. None of these were depicted on range maps as overwinterers. These results showed that current expert-drawn range maps likely misrepresent the current winter ranges of passerine species in south Florida.
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Kim, Hana. "Spatial Surveillance of Infectious Disease Intervention with Related Factors for a Population Living in Underserved Areas in sub-Saharan Africa." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617108703543143.
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Orsi, Maia. "Population synthesis models for IMF studies." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4525/.
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Population synthesis models (PSMs) are fundamental tools to study the star formation history and IMF of unresolved stellar populations using spectral features. This work presents a new set of PSMs constructed using theoretical isochrones and two state-ofthe- art synthetic spectral libraries. The BT-Settl and Munari libraries were chosen for their ability to predict the observed values of Lick-type and IMF-sensitive indices in individual stars of the solar neighbourhood. The BT-Settl library was used to sample the cool main sequence stars and the Munari library for the rest of the evolutionary phases. The PSMs cover a range of metallicities with [Fe/H]= 0, -1.31 and -1.81 for scaled-solar and α-enhanced metal mixtures. The models were used to study the behaviour of the IMF indices defined in the literature and the results are in good agreement with what other PSMs have determined. The PSMs in this work predict a strong degeneracy between age, metallicity and IMF. I used the models to study which are the main evolutionary phases contributing to each IMF-sensitive index and found that most indices reach their final integrated values before the turn off. The post-main sequence stars contribute mainly to the continuum of these bands. Uncertainties in the the effective temperature of the isochrones can affect IMF estimates. The PSMs were applied to extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) and early-type galaxies (ETGs) using data from the literature. I determined the ages, metallicities and IMFs of these systems using index combinations in the optical and infrared. I explored how the morphology of the Horizontal Branch (HB) and dynamical evolution (which are key uncertainties in the modelling of GCs) can affect the IMF predictions. In a population with a Milky Way IMF, dynamical evolution can make the IMF indices mimic a bottom-light IMF. HB morphology has no impact on the IMF estimates at low [Fe/H]. In the IMF index-index diagrams for GCs, the results are significantly affected by the unknown sodium abundances of these systems. Using the PSMs in this work the best index combination to determine the IMF is CaH1 and TiO2. The ETGs and the [Fe/H]=0 GCs appear to have a bottom-heavy IMF with x ~ 3:0. These results are discussed in the work.
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Doshi, Rushabh Ashok. "SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS FOR CLASSIFICATION AND PREDICTION OF NEMATODE POPULATIONS IN COTTON." MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03312007-104040/.
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In this work, different Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode population numbers affecting cotton plants were spectrally classified using Self-Organized Maps. The hyperspectral reflectance of cotton plants affected by different nematode population numbers were analyzed in order to extract information from the signal that would lead to a fieldworthy methodology for predicting nematode population numbers extant in a plant's rhizosphere. Hyperspectral reflectances from both control and field nematode infestations were used in this work. Various feature extraction and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., PCA, DWT, and SOM-based methods) were used to extract a reduced set of features. These extracted features were then classified using a supervised SOM classification method. Additionally, this work explores the possibility of combining the standard feature extraction methods with self-organized maps to extract a reduced set of features in order to increase classification accuracies.
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RIMIERI, PEDRO. "Organisation de la variabilite genetique de 991 populations de mais et interet pour l'amelioration du mais fourrage." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112006.
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A la suite des essais realises dans le cadre du programme populations source mais (inra-promais), le but de notre etude etait d'evaluer et de structurer la variabilite entre populations a partir de leurs valeurs en croisement avec deux testeurs complementaires, pour la production de fourrage. L'etude a ete completee avec une illustration de l'interet de ce materiel en selection a partir des descendances top-cross et s1 du pool fourrage f10-85. L'ensemble des populations etudiees presente une variabilite phenotypique tres importante et le systeme de test a ete efficace pour reveler la variabilite des descendances en croisement. Une presentation des correlations entre lieux et entre testeurs, les interactions genotypes milieux et genotypes testeurs complete la discussion sur le plan biometrique, sur l'organisation de la variabilite genetique du mais en vue de la production de fourrage. Le calcul d'index de selection combine fourrage-gain nous a permis de mettre en evidence les populations les plus interessantes pour une selection a la fois pour la production de fourrage et la production de grain. L'importante variabilite genetique disponible est caracterisee par une variation tres continue. La methode de groupement que nous avons utilisee semble adaptee a une gestion dynamique de ressources genetiques dont la variation est continue. La complementarite entre les groupements et les methodes de selection classiques est discutee. L'etude des descendances du pool fourrage f10-85 montre une variabilite en croisement tres importante pour l'ensemble de caracteres etudies. Les niveaux de rendement des meilleurs genotypes en croisement sont significativement superieurs aux temoins: en valeur propre, certaines s1 ont le meme niveau de production en plante entiere que les temoins, elles sont sensibles a la verse et aux maladies
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Löffler, Antje, Tobias Luck, Francisca S. Then, Claudia Sikorski, Peter Kovacs, Yvonne Böttcher, Jana Breitfeld, et al. "Eating behaviour in the general population." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-183210.
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The Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ) is an established instrument to assess eating behaviour. Analysis of the TFEQ-factor structure was based on selected, convenient and clinical samples so far. Aims of this study were (I) to analyse the factor structure of the German version of the TFEQ and (II)—based on the refined factor structure—to examine the association between eating behaviour and the body mass index (BMI) in a general population sample of 3,144 middle-aged and older participants (40–79 years) of the ongoing population based cohort study of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE Health Study). The factor structure was examined in a split-half analysis with both explorative and confirmatory factor analysis. Associations between TFEQ-scores and BMI values were tested with multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, and education. We found a three factor solution for the TFEQ with an ‘uncontrolled eating’, a ‘cognitive
restraint’ and an ‘emotional eating’ domain including 29 of the original 51 TFEQ-items. Scores of the ‘uncontrolled eating domain’ showed the strongest correlation with BMI values (partial r = 0.26). Subjects with scores above the median in both ‘uncontrolled eating’ and ‘emotional eating’ showed the highest BMI values (mean = 29.41 kg/m²), subjects with scores below the median in all three domains showed the lowest BMI values (mean = 25.68 kg/m²; F = 72.074, p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the TFEQ is suitable to identify subjects with specific patterns of eating behaviour that are associated with higher BMI values.
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Scott, Susanne K. "Modeling Diabetes in the US Adult Population." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274374033.
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REBOURG, CECILE. "Diversite genetique de populations europeennes et americaines de mais : analyse moleculaire et morphologique." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112031.
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Cette etude se situe dans le cadre de la caracterisation des ressources genetiques. Elle vise a definir les grands types de mais europeen et a les comparer aux principales races americaines pour cela, 220 populations de mais ont ete etudiees au niveau morphologique et au niveau moleculaire par analyse rflp sur melanges d'adn. Les populations presentent une variabilite morphologique tres forte pour differents caracteres lies a la precocite, la forme de l'epi ou de la panicule. Au niveau moleculaire, la richesse allelique et la diversite totale sont tres elevees. Les populations sont tres contrastees, une large part de la diversite s'expliquant par la diversite inter-population (g s t de 36%). Le materiel americain apparait plus polymorphe que le materiel europeen, l'introduction du mais en europe s'etant accompagnee d'une perte de richesse allelique. Nous avons pu distinguer plusieurs types de mais europeens et proposer un scenario concernant leur origine. Un premier ensemble de populations cultivees en espagne du sud semble derive des premieres introductions de mais des caraibes. Un second ensemble cultive en italie apparait proche du type sud-americain cateto. Par ailleurs, de nombreuses populations du nord et de l'est de l'europe sont tres proches du type nord-americain northern flint qui semble avoir fortement contribue a l'etablissement du materiel europeen. Les populations des pyrenees et de galice forment une race tres homogene qui pourrait resulter d'hybridations entre des populations originaires d'amerique du nord et des populations originaires d'amerique du sud. Nos resultats ont permis d'apporter des elements nouveaux en ce qui concerne l'histoire de l'introduction du mais en europe. Par ailleurs, cette etude montre que l'analyse d'un large echantillon de populations par la technique rflp sur melanges d'adn permet d'effectuer des classifications de populations utiles a la gestion des collections de ressources genetiques et a leur utilisation en selection.
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Aro, Pertti. "Peptic ulcer disease in an adult population : the Kalixanda study : a population-based endoscopic study /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-986-6/.
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Heywood, Ben. "Investigations into the use of quantified Bayesian maximum entropy methods to generate improved distribution maps and biomass estimates from fisheries acoustic survey data /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/512.
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Ronget, Victor. "The relationships linking age and body mass to vital rates : a comparative perspective in birds and mammals." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1304/document.
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Les individus varient en termes de taux de survie et de taux de reproduction. Les variations de ces taux vitaux peuvent être reliées aux caractéristiques des individus tel que la masse et l’âge. Des modèles démographiques ont été développé pour prendre en compte ces variations dans les populations naturelles et permettre de faire des prédictions pour gérer les populations naturelles. Cependant, la quantité de données démographiques nécessaire pour construire ces modèles n’est pas disponible dans toutes les populations. Pour surmonter ce problème, j’ai pendant ma thèse décrit les patrons généraux des relations reliant l’âge et la masse aux taux vitaux chez les mammifères et les oiseaux. En utilisant les données de la littérature, j’ai pu décrire les patrons généraux de ces relations et mis en évidence les facteurs biologiques pouvant expliquer les variations de ces relations entre les espèces et les populations. Dans un premier temps je me suis concentrer sur le lien entre la masse des individus et leurs taux vitaux. J’ai montré un effet positif de la masse des jeunes sur la survie des jeunes. J’ai ensuite mis évidence l’effet des différentes causes de mortalité sur cette relation avec par exemple un effet négatif de la prédation sur l’intensité de cette relation. J’ai ensuite montré un effet positif de la masse de la mère sur la masse du jeune et enfin que la probabilité de reproduction d’une femelle est impactée positivement par sa masse. Dans une seconde partie, je me suis concentré sur le lien entre l’âge et la survie chez les mammifères. Pour décrire ce lien, nous avons construit une base de données MALDDABA compilant les relations reliant l’âge aux taux vitaux chez les populations naturelles de mammifères que nous avons extraits de tables de vie issues de la littérature. En utilisant ces données, nous avons démontré que les femelles vivent en moyenne plus longtemps que les mâles chez les mammifères en milieu naturelles. J’ai enfin décrit les avantages at les inconvénients des différentes métriques de longévité et proposé de nouvelles méthodes pour décrire la relation entre l’âge et le taux de mortalité. Avec cette thèse, je mets en avant l’utilisation des approches comparatives pour mieux comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui influence la dynamique des populations naturellesIndividuals varies in terms of survival and reproduction. Most of those variations in vital rates can be linked to individual characteristics such as age or body mass. Demographic models were developed to make prediction on those trait-structured populations and are now often used to manage wild populations. However, the amount of data needed to perform those models is not available for every populations. To overcome this issue, I tried in my thesis to assess the general patterns for the relationships linking age and body mass to the vital rates in birds and mammals. By comparing relationship extracted in the literature, I was then able to assess the general effect of body or age on vital rates as well as the biological factor explaining the variation of those relationships between species and populations. I first assess how body mass influence vital rates in birds and mammals. I demonstrated the positive effect of offspring body mass on offspring survival and showed how the relative importance of each causes of mortality influence this relationship, with for instance a negative effect of the predation rate on the intensity of the relationship. I also showed that mother body mass is positively related to offspring body mass and that heavier mother are also more likely to reproduce. On a second part I focused on describing the relationship between age and survival for mammals. We built a database MALDDABA compiling all relationships linking vital rates to age for wild mammals from life tables reported in the literature. Using life table data compiled in the database I was able to demonstrate that females live on average longer than males in wild populations of mammals. I then critically assess the metrics of longevity and provide new insight to describe the relationship between mortality and age. With my thesis I provided new views on the uses of comparative approach to highlight the major factors influencing the population dynamic in the wild
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Watkins, Laura Louise. "Tracer populations in the local group." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240582.
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So often in astronomy, an object is not considered for its individual merits, but for what we may learn from its properties regarding some larger population. The existence of dark matter is a prime example of this; we cannot see it directly but we can infer its presence by noting its effects on the stars orbiting within its potential. This thesis describes how various sets of tracer populations can be used to probe the properties of a variety of galaxies in the Local Group. I begin by describing the extraction of a variable catalogue from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 dataset and then use the catalogue to select a high-quality set of RR Lyrae stars. Analysing the distribution of the RR Lyraes reveals three significant substructures in the Milky Way halo: the Hercules-Aquila Cloud and the Sagittarius Stream, which were already known to exist, and the Pisces Overdensity, which was previously undetected. It is a faint, extended structure found at ~80 kpc and is of unknown origin. Altogether, I find that nearly 80% of the RR Lyraes are associated with substructures, consistent with the theory that galaxy halos are predominantly, or even entirely, made up from disrupted satellites. I also investigate the density distribution of RR Lyraes in the halo, finding that it is best fit by a broken-power-law model, in good agreement with previous work. I go on to develop a set of tracer mass estimators that build on previous work which make use of actual (and not projected) distance and proper motion data, reflecting the amount and quality of data now available to us. I show that proper motion data is, in theory, very useful and can greatly increase the accuracy of the mass estimates; in practice, however, current analysis is hampered by the large errors inherent in the proper motion data. The results are also subject to mass-anisotropy degeneracy, which current data is not yet able to break. Nevertheless, I am able to estimate the mass of the Milky Way to be M = 2.7 ± 0.5 x 10¹² Msun and the mass of M31 to be M = 1.5 ± 0.4 x 10¹² Msun. Andromeda XII and Andromeda XIV are two M31 satellites that have been dubbed 'extreme' and are thought to be on first infall into the M31 system. I modify the classical Timing Argument so that it can be applied to two external galaxies and then apply it to M31 and each of And XII and And XIV in turn to investigate the properties of their orbits. I then run a series of Monte Carlo simulations to investigate how likely such satellites are to exist and conclude that they are not as unusual as previously believed. Finally, I discuss three upcoming wide-field, all-sky surveys and their implications for the future of the study of the Local Group.
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Löffler-Wirth, Henry, Edith Willscher, Peter Ahnert, Kerstin Wirkner, Christoph Engel, Markus Löffler, and Hans Binder. "Novel anthropometry based on 3D-bodyscans applied to a large population based cohort." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-207844.
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Three-dimensional (3D) whole body scanners are increasingly used as precise measuring tools for the rapid quantification of anthropometric measures in epidemiological studies. We analyzed 3D whole body scanning data of nearly 10,000 participants of a cohort collected from the adult population of Leipzig, one of the largest cities in Eastern Germany. We present a novel approach for the systematic analysis of this data which aims at identifying distinguishable clusters of body shapes called body types. In the first step, our method aggregates body measures provided by the scanner into meta-measures, each representing one relevant dimension of the body shape. In a next step, we stratified the cohort into body types and assessed their stability and dependence on the size of the underlying cohort. Using self-organizing maps (SOM) we identified thirteen robust meta-measures and fifteen body types comprising between 1 and 18 percent of the total cohort size. Thirteen of them are virtually gender specific (six for women and seven for men) and thus reflect most abundant body shapes of women and men. Two body types include both women and men, and describe androgynous body shapes that lack typical gender specific features. The body types disentangle a large variability of body shapes enabling distinctions which go beyond the traditional indices such as body mass index, the waist-to-height ratio, the waist-to-hip ratio and the mortality-hazard ABSI-index. In a next step, we will link the identified body types with disease predispositions to study how size and shape of the human body impact health and disease.
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Lagerlund, Magdalena. "Factors affecting attendance at population-based mammography screening /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-061-x/.
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Okori, Patrick. "Population studies of Cercospora zeae-maydis and related Cercospora fungi /." Uppsala : Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a468.pdf.
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Hagströmer, Maria. "Assessment of health-enhancing physical activity at population level /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-334-4/.
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Hallier-Nader, Brigitte. "Les territoires de vie des 75 ans et plus à Paris : quel environnement urbain pour une qualité de vie durable ?" Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693313.
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Le vieillissement de la population et la gérontocroisssance sont ancrés sur le territoire national. A Paris, le vieillissement démographique est moins prononcé, mais il s'accompagne d'une augmentation régulière des 85 ans et plus. Cette évolution démographique fait apparaître d'une part l'augmentation de l'espérance de vie en bonne santé et de l'autre, l'augmentation du nombre de personnes dépendantes avec des enjeux politiques, économiques, sociaux, sanitaires et sociétaux. Le vieillissement en bonne santé est au coeur des politiques publiques pour prévenir la perte d'autonomie. Avec l'avancée en âge, le maintien de la mobilité et des sociabilités est essentiel pour conserver son autonomie et son appropriation du territoire de vie. Les trois quarts des 75 ans et plus sont valides, autonomes, et font le choix de rester le plus longtemps possible à leur domicile. Ce constat est essentiel pour mener à bien une politique territoriale du " bien vieillir " et assurer à tous une qualité de vie. L'étude menée dans le 14ème arrondissement à Paris met en relation les pratiques spatiales des 75 ans et plus, leur perception de l'espace et leur représentation du territoire sous la forme de cartes mentales. Elle souligne les disparités socio-spatiales entre les aînés, l'accentuation des besoins lors du rétrécissement de l'espace au grand âge et les dysfonctionnements territoriaux contribuant à l'isolement socio-spatial des personnes âgées. Ce diagnostic à échelle locale identifie des besoins dont les réponses concernent l'ensemble des acteurs du vieillissement du quartier, de l'arrondissement, de la ville et de l'Etat
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Zancanaro, Paolo Orlando. "Deriva genética de caracteres quantitativos em milho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-16062016-172533/.
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A obtenção de genótipos superiores no melhoramento de plantas depende da existência de variabilidade genética. A existência de coleções de germoplasma representativas e a utilização de um tamanho adequado de amostra são fundamentais para a preservação das frequências alélicas e genotípicas, diminuindo a perda de variabilidade genética e postergando o aparecimento dos efeitos da deriva genética. Assim, teve-se como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da deriva genética em caracteres quantitativos em subpopulações de milho. Este estudo foi realizado a partir das populações originais BR-105 e BR-106, das quais 10 subpopulações foram obtidas em cada um dos cinco ciclos sucessivos de amostragem com tamanho efetivo reduzido, totalizando 50 subpopulações para cada população original, as quais foram posteriormente autofecundadas, gerando um nível a mais de endogamia. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 10 amostras da população original sem autofecundação, 10 amostras com autofecundação, 50 subpopulações obtidas da população original e 50 subpopulações autofecundadas, totalizando 120 tratamentos para cada população, avaliados separadamente. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas em faixas hierárquico, em quatro ambientes com duas repetições por ambiente. Os caracteres avaliados foram produção de grãos (PG), prolificidade (PROL), comprimento e diâmetro de espigas (CE e DE), número de fileiras por espiga (NFE), número de grãos por fileira (NGF), altura de planta e espiga (AP e AE), florescimento masculino e feminino (FM e FF) e número de ramificações do pendão (NRP). Foram estimados os efeitos da deriva genética entre as médias das subpopulações nos dois níveis de endogamia e os efeitos da depressão por endogamia nas subpopulações dentro dos ciclos. Posteriormente, realizaram-se análises de regressão linear para as subpopulações nos dois níveis de endogamia, separadamente, e em conjunto. Foi verificada uma grande variação nas médias das subpopulações ao longo dos ciclos, indicando que a deriva genética causou diferenciação entre as mesmas e que estas se diferenciaram das populações originais. Detectaram-se efeitos significativos da deriva genética nas populações não autofecundadas para todos os caracteres avaliados, em maior número para PG, já que este caráter é mais sensível à deriva genética por possuir maior grau de dominância que os demais. Houve diminuição no número de estimativas de deriva significativas para as populações autofecundadas, incluindo mudanças na magnitude e no sinal das mesmas em relação às populações não autofecundadas. Para as estimativas de depressão por endogamia, os caracteres PG, NGF, FM e FF apresentaram maior quantidade de estimativas significativas que os demais. Para a maioria dos caracteres, a regressão linear explicou a maior parte da variação encontrada com o aumento dos coeficientes de endogamia. As populações BR-105 e BR-106, por terem estruturas genéticas distintas, apresentaram performances diferentes quanto aos efeitos da deriva genética. Enfim, como a deriva genética interfere na integridade genética das populações, torna-se importante considerar seus efeitos na coleta e manutenção dos bancos de germoplasma e nas populações utilizadas no melhoramento genético de plantas.Obtaining superior genotypes in plant breeding depends on the existence of genetic variability. The existence of representative germplasm collections and the use of appropriate sample size are essential for preserving allelic and genotypic frequencies, reducing loss of genetic variability and delaying genetic drift effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of genetic drift in quantitative traits in subpopulations of maize. The original populations used were BR-105 and BR-106, of which 10 subpopulations were obtained in each five successive sample cycles with reduced effective size, accounting 50 subpopulations for each original population that were subsequently selfed to generate an additional level of inbreeding. The treatments consisted in 10 samples of the original population, 10 samples of the selfed original population, 50 non selfed subpopulations obtained from the original population and 50 selfed subpopulations, accounting 120 treatments for each population evaluated separately. It was used the randomized block strip-plot design, in four environments with two replications. The traits assessed were grain yield (GY), prolificacy (PROL), ear length and ear diameter (EL and ED), number of rows per ear (NRE), kernel-row number (KRN), plant and ear height (PH and EH), days to anthesis and silking (DA and DS), and number of tassel branches (NTB). It was estimated the effects of genetic drift between subpopulations means at both inbreeding levels, and the effect of the inbreeding depression in subpopulations within cycles. It was also performed linear regression analysis for subpopulations at both levels of inbreeding separately and together. A large variation was observed in the subpopulations means over cycles, indicating that genetic drift caused differentiation between them, and that they differed from the original populations. The effects of genetic drift were significant for all traits in the non selfed subpopulations, especially for GY, which is more sensitive to genetic drift effects by having a greater degree of dominance than the other traits. There was a decrease in the number of significant genetic drift estimates for selfed populations, including changes in magnitude and signs, compared to the non selfed populations. GY, KRN, DA and DS had higher number of significant inbreeding depression estimates than the other traits. Linear regression analysis explained most of the variation found with increasing homozygosity. As BR-105 and BR-106 populations have distinct genetic structures, they showed different performances regarding the effects of genetic drift. Therefore, genetic drift interferes in the genetic integrity of populations and it is important to consider its effect on the collection and maintenance of germplasm banks and populations used in plant breeding.
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Saxlin, T. (Tuomas). "Periodontal infection and obesity—results of a population-based survey." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299254.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of the association between obesity and periodontal infection and the association of statin medication with periodontal infection. This study was based on the nationally representative Health 2000 Survey, conducted by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (former National Public Health Institute of Finland) in 2000–2001. Article I included 396 dentate, non-diabetic subjects, aged 30–59 years, who had never smoked and who participated in the Follow-up Study on Finnish Adults’ Oral Health about four years later. Article II included 2,784 dentate, non-diabetic subjects, aged 30–49 years. Article III included 425 dentate, non-diabetic, non-rheumatic subjects, aged 45–64 years, who had never smoked and who participated in the in-depth examinations of the Health 2000 Survey. Article IV included 1,297 dentate, non-diabetic subjects, aged 30–49 years, who had never smoked. Article V included 2,032 dentate, non-diabetic, non-rheumatic subjects, aged 40–69 years, who did not smoke. The data used in this study were collected via home-visit interviews, self-administered questionnaires, clinical health examinations and laboratory measurements. In this general population of Finnish adults, high BMI was found to be associated with the incidence of new teeth with pathologically deepened periodontal pockets during four-year follow-up. On the other hand, the presence of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets was found to be associated with obesity in an exposure-response manner. Serum IL-6 levels were found to be associated with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets, but no consistent association was found between serum TNF-α, triglyceride, HDL-C or LDL-C levels and periodontal infection. Statin medication was found to be inversely associated with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets among subjects with visible signs of gingival inflammation, whereas among subjects with no signs of inflammation, statin medication was associated with an increased likelihood of having periodontal infection. The results of this study support the view that obesity could be causally related to the development of periodontal infection, but does not provide evidence that high body weight could be considered a major risk factor. The present study also suggests that a bi-directional association between obesity and periodontal infection is possible. The present study suggests that elevated serum IL-6 could mediate the association of obesity with periodontal infection. The results of this study also suggest that statins could be beneficial as a part of periodontal treatmentTiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää lihavuuden ja parodontaali-infektion välisen yhteyden luonnetta sekä statiinien käytön yhteyttä parodontaali-infektioon. Tutkimus perustui kansalliseen Terveys 2000 -tutkimukseen, jonka toteutti Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (entinen Kansanterveyslaitos) vuosina 2000 ja 2001. Artikkeli I perustui 396 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, 30–59-vuotiaita, eivät koskaan olleet tupakoineet sekä olivat osallistuneet suunterveyden seurantatutkimukseen neljä vuotta myöhemmin. Artikkeli II perustui 2784 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, 30–49-vuotiaita eivätkä olleet koskaan tupakoineet. Artikkeli III perustui 425 hampaalliseen henkilöön, joilla ei ollut diabetesta tai reumaa, olivat 45–64-vuotiaita, eivät koskaan olleet tupakoineet ja olivat osallistuneet Terveys 2000 -tutkimuksen täydentäviin tutkimuksiin. Artikkeli IV perustui 1297 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, 30–49-vuotiaita eivätkä olleet koskaan tupakoineet. Artikkeli V perustui 2032 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, ei-reumaatikkoja, 40–69-vuotiaita, jotka olivat hampaallisia eivätkä tupakoineet. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin kotihaastattelusta, kyselyistä, kliinisestä tutkimuksesta sekä laboratoriomittauksista. Korkean painoindeksin todettiin olevan yhteydessä uusien ientaskuhampaiden ilmaantumiseen seurannan aikana. Toisaalta ientaskuhampaiden esiintymisen todettiin olevan yhteydessä lihavuuteen altistus-vastesuhteen mukaisesti. Seerumin IL-6 pitoisuuden todettiin olevan yhteydessä ientaskuhampaiden lukumäärään, mutta seerumin TNF-α-, triglyseridi-, LDL-kolesteroli- tai HDL-kolesterolipitoisuudella ei todettu yhteyttä ientaskuhampaiden lukumäärään. Statiinien käytön todettiin olevan käänteisesti yhteydessä ientaskuhampaiden lukumäärään henkilöillä, joilla oli näkyviä merkkejä ikenen inflammaatiosta. Henkilöillä, joilla ei ollut näkyviä merkkejä inflammaatiosta, statiinien käyttö oli yhteydessä suurentuneeseen todennäköisyyteen ientaskuhampaiden esiintymiseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat käsitystä, että lihavuus voi olla kausaalisesti yhteydessä parodontaali-infektion kehittymiseen, mutta ei puolla käsitystä, että sitä voitaisiin pitää merkittävänä riskitekijänä. On myös mahdollista, että lihavuuden ja parodontaali-infektion välillä on kaksisuuntainen yhteys. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan on mahdollista, että kohonnut seerumin IL-6 pitoisuus voi välittää lihavuuden yhteyden parodontaali-infektioon. Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan on myös mahdollista, että statiineista voi olla hyötyä osana parodontaalihoitoa
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Breithaupt, Peter G. "Validation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition Assessment Methodologies in the Obese Pediatric Population." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20363.
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Rates of obesity (OB) are escalating among Canadian children and youth and the obesogenic environment is likely to cause further increases. An important aspect in providing clinical care to OB children is to have accurate assessment measures, particularly of their body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This project entails three interrelated projects aiming to develop novel cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition measurement techniques for an OB pediatric population. The purpose of the first project was to validate a new submaximal fitness protocol specifically geared towards OB children and youth. The second objective of this thesis involved assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency utilizing the Oxygen Uptake efficiency slope. The purpose of the third project was to determine the validity of a half-body scan methodology for measuring body composition in obese children and youth. The goal of developing these novel measurement techniques is improved design and evaluation of interventions aimed at managing pediatric obesity.
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Maurer, Hans Peter. "Development and applications of Plabsoft a computer program for population genetic data analyses and simulations in plant breeding /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-2736.
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McFarland, Chelsea Clay. "HYBRID, ROW WIDTH, AND PLANT POPULATION EFFECT ON CORN YIELD IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/21.
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Studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to determine if narrow row corn (Zea mays L.) and/or greater plant populations could affect yield, time to silking, and other physiological characteristics. Main plots of six hybrids were arranged as a randomized complete bock design with three replications. Split plots were row widths of 76-cm (wide rows) and 20-cm rows on 76-cm spacing (twin rows). Split-split plots were target plant populations of 75 000 and 111 000 plants ha-1. Corn was no-till seeded into soybean stubble near Lexington, KY in 2011 and 2012. Year interacted with most factors analyzed in the study. This was expected, given the extreme differences in weather. 2011 ASI (days) approached zero as plant population increased in wide rows in two out of four hybrids. ASI response to plant population in twin rows was not significant for any hybrid. In 2011, yield was greater in twin rows than wide rows. For significant equations, in 2011 grain yield increased as plant population increased, but in 2012 grain yield decreased as plant population increased, across both row widths. Kernel number per ear decreased as plant population increased in 2011 and 2012, but at different rates for wide and twin rows.
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Nurse, Monique M. "Built Environments and Childhood Obesity Epidemic in the Immigrant Population." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7497.
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A lack of adequately built environments can negatively affect obesity rates among adolescents. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to determine if there is a relationship between the presence of built environments and childhood obesity among the immigrant population living in Cobb County Georgia. The social ecological model was used to explain how environmental factors may influence behavior. The research questions addressed whether walkability and elements of built environments such as to healthy foods and access to parks and recreational areas of census tracts affect childhood obesity when adjusting for race/ethnicity and immigrant population in Cobb County. Data was collected from government websites. Student enrollment, school ethnicity, and free/reduced lunch data were retrieved from the website, School Digger, which gathered their information from the National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Georgia Department of Education data sources. Average BMI data were gathered from the Georgia Department of Education 2016-2017 Georgia fitness assessment report. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation and 1-way ANCOVA. Findings showed a statistical significance with the existence of farmer's markets and child obesity but no significance among the other built environment variables. The results from this study can help community leaders develop an inclusive plan to reduce the occurrence of obesity in adolescents within the target area.
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October, Firzana. "Proteomic and SNP analysis of the Cadherin 10 type-II (CDH10) gene, in the South African autistic population." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4826.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScAutism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a very diverse neurological disorder that manifests specifically in children and infants between the ages of two to three years of age. An individual suffering is deemed as autistic and individuals suffering would be classed under the banner of ASD. It is observed that sufferers have impairment in their social and interactive skills. It has both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its diversity and although the primary cause of autism is still unclear, scientist are investigating both factors. In this study we aimed to investigate the molecular genetics of autism in the South African (SA) population. This was done in two parts, a genetic association study and afunctional genomics (proteomic study). An association study of the 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Cadherin 10 type II gene (CDH10) (rs4307059 and rs4327572) was investigated in the SA healthy and autistic population. The proteomic approach was used to determine the differential expression of genes of the healthy population and compared to the autistic population of African descent. In both parts of the project, objectives were achieved. The SNPs were successfully genotyped however no association was determined for autism in the SA population. The urine protein profiles with 1 dimensional (1D) and 2dimensional (2D) Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDSPAGE)generated in this study has revealed the following proteins, Uromodulin, Vitelline membrane outer layer protein homologue, kinninogen-1, Alpha-1-Antitrypsin, Ig Kappa chain region C, and CD59 glycoprotein that require further investigation. The results indicated that six of the identified proteins were expressed in both groups but were found to be either quantitatively or statistically significant. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the expression of one protein (Uromodulin) which was observed to be expressed in the healthy group but absent in the experimental group. However further investigation is required validation of these findings.
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CUNHA, KELLY de P. "Aplicação de mapas auto-organizáveis na classificação de aberrações cromossômicas utilizando imagens de cromossomos humanos submetidos à radiação ionizante." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23828.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Figuet, Emeric. "Impact génomique des stratégies d'histoire de vie et reconstruction de traits ancestraux chez les amniotes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS101/document.
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L'élucidation des liens réciproques unissant le génotype et le phénotype constitue un objectif central de la biologie moderne. De nombreux aspects de l'évolution à l'échelle moléculaire sont ainsi connus pour répondre aux caractéristiques démographiques ou d'histoire de vie des espèces. En particulier, la théorie quasi-neutre postule que les petites populations accumulent davantage de substitutions faiblement délétères dans leur génome, en raison d'une dérive génétique accrue. La composition en bases, à travers le mécanisme de la conversion génique biaisée, s'est également révélée obéir à l'influence de paramètres macroscopiques. Cependant, l'élaboration et la vérification empirique de ces théories se sont bien souvent fondées sur une gamme limitée de groupes d'organismes, incluant principalement les mammifères. Dans cette thèse, sur la base de l'étude comparative de plusieurs dizaines de transcriptomes, nous avons étendu à l'échelle des amniotes la compréhension des déterminants des patrons moléculaires observés. Grâce à l'analyse simultanée des principaux clades de reptiles, oiseaux et mammifères, nous avons pu confirmer et généraliser le rôle majeur de la taille efficace des populations sur la capacité des espèces à purger les changements d'amino-acide désavantageux, tout en exhibant un comportement inattendu du ratio dN/dS chez les oiseaux – soulevant au passage une énigme stimulante. La conversion génique biaisée est apparue comme le principal moteur de l'évolution du taux de GC des séquences codantes chez les vertébrés, y compris chez les reptiles et les poissons, dont la composition génomique homogène en avait masqué l'action. En parallèle, l'exploitation des relations entre traits d'histoire de vie et paramètres moléculaires nous a permis de réaliser de nouvelles avancées concernant l'objectif de reconstruction des masses ancestrales, pour lequel nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'ordre des cétartiodactyles, qui se caractérise aujourd'hui par une majorité de grosses espèces (comme le chameau, la girafe ou les cétacés). L'analyse combinée du marqueur mitochondrial, encore jamais testé, et des marqueurs nucléaires, incluant une vingtaine de transcriptomes nouvellement séquencés, a témoigné en faveur du résultat singulier d'un ancêtre cétartiodactyle de petite taille, comme suggéré par la paléontologie, démontrant ainsi le potentiel prometteur des données de séquence à dévoiler le passé des organismesUnderstanding the reciprocal influence between genotype and phenotype has been a long-standing goal of modern biology. Many aspects of evolution at the molecular level are well known to respond to demographic or life history characteristics of species. In particular, the nearly-neutral theory postulates that small populations accumulate a heavier load of slightly deleterious substitutions in their genome as a result of increased genetic drift. Base composition has also been shown to reflect the influence of macroscopic parameters through the mechanism of GC-biased gene conversion. However, the development and empirical validation of these theories are mostly based on a restricted diversity of organisms, in which mammals stand as a major contributor. In this thesis, using a comparative approach and tens of transcriptomes, we aimed at extending to Amniota our understanding of the determinants of molecular evolutionary patterns. With the incorporation of all clades of reptiles, we confirmed the major role of the effective population size on species ability to purge deleterious amino-acid changes, while revealing a paradoxical response of the dN/dS ratio in birds, raising a stimulating enigma. The biased gene conversion also emerged as the main driver of coding sequence GC content in vertebrates, including reptiles and fishes, whose genomic homogeneity had kept its signal hidden for long. In parallel, the relations between life-history traits and molecular parameters have enabled us to investigate and make progress in the field of ancestral body mass reconstruction. We focused on the Cetartiodactyla order, a group which is mainly characterized by large extant species (such as camel, giraffe or whales). The combined analysis of the yet untested mitochondrial marker and nuclear genes, including 21 newly sequenced transcriptomes, testified in favor of the singular result of a small cetartiodactyl ancestor, in agreement with the palaeontological record, demonstrating the strong potential of DNA sequences to reveal the past of organisms
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Woodress, Frederick A. "The impact of the media on the elderly (over 60) population in America's middletown." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720407.
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Researcher Frederick Woodress has added another study, one on media as it has impacted the elderly, to the large 65-year-old data bank for Muncie Indiana's "Middletown." The basic data was established in 1924 when Robert and Helen Lynd, pioneer sociologists, arrived in the Midwestern town to research and write their Middletown books. This new study covers 553 males and females ages 19 to 92--400 over 60 selected at random by computer, 75 in the 30 to 50 group, also selected at random by computer, and 78 journalism students. The elderly and 30 to 50 year-olds were interviewed by telephone while the students completed questionnaires face-to-face.As part of this investigation, Woodress surveyed prominent newspaper columnists, TV news people and editors about their perceptions of the media's coverage of the elderly. With 53 percent return, the author summarized the results of this mail survey.The 14 mediums examined included television, radio, newspapers, tabloids, magazines, books, comics, computers, VCR's and motion pictures. Complaints and compliments were expressed about various media with television rating as the medium the respondents of all ages would miss the most with newspapers a distant second. Elderly respondents displayed a strong interest in television, newspapers, magazines and books, spent considerable time listening to police/fire radio scanners and showed some interest in using computers. The elderly were very critical of the movie industry and two-thirds said they had not attended a movie for at least a year. Almost one-third of the 30-50 age group also admitted they had not attended a movie theater showing for a year, but all groups were watching movies on television, cable and VCR's.All three groups commented on the media coverage of the 1988 presidential election campaign and told what activities they would rather be doing than reading newspapers, listening to radio or watching television. This study is an overview of the growing elderly population, a group given scant attention in previous Middletown studies. It provides important insights for the media concerning this growing segment of the population.
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Gonçalves, Marcio Leandro. "Desempenho agronômico de híbridos de milho em função de espaçamentos e densidades populacionais em três locais." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2008. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1342.
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A study was conducted with the objetive to evaluate the effect of spacing between the plantation rows (0.45, 0.68 and 0.90 m) on plants population density of (50.000, 60.000, 70.000 and 80.000 plants ha-¹) about the grain productivity of three hibrid corn (Zea mays L.) A field experiment was conducted from September 10 to April 10/2008 in three different environments with different height, in Goioerê, Toledo and Cascavel localized in the west of Parana State. The design utilized was of randomized blocks into subdivided parcels. The spacing were placed in the main parcel and the population density and hybrids in sub parcels in a factorial schema. Biometric variables such as plant height, height of insertion of the first spike and diameter of stem and the components of production, number of rows, number of grains per spike, mass of grains per spike, the mass spike and productivity, were evaluated. Was no effect of row spacing, obtaining the maximum grain yield with the spacing of 0.57 m between rows, regardless of location. There was positive interaction between the environmental effect of plant population. The positive response to the increase of population in the Toledo plant was directly related to the level of soil fertility. In Cascavel Goioerê and no significant difference to the increase in population from 50,000 to 80,000 plants ha-1. In all locations the hybrid AS 1570 showed higher productivity of hybrid AS 1565 and AS 1575
Com objetivo de avaliar o efeito do espaçamento entre linhas de plantio (0,45; 0,68 e 0,90 m), sob quatro densidades populacionais (50.000, 60.000, 70.000 e 80.000 plantas ha-1), sobre a produtividade de grãos de três híbridos de milho ( Zea mays L.) em três ambientes com diferentes altitudes, foram conduzidos experimentos de campo nos municípios de Goioerê, Toledo e Cascavel, ambos no estado do Paraná na região oeste no período de 10 de setembro de 2007 a 10 de abril de 2008. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso dispostos em parcelas subdivididas. Os espaçamentos foram alocados na parcela principal e as densidades populacionais e híbridos nas subparcelas no esquema fatorial. Foram avaliadas as variáveis biométricas: altura de planta, altura de inserção da primeira espiga e diâmetro de colmo e os componentes da produção: número de fileiras, número de grãos por espiga, massa de grãos por espiga, massa de espiga e produtividade. Houve efeito do espaçamento entre linhas, obtendo o máximo rendimento de grãos com o espaçamento de 0,57 m entre linhas, independente do local. Houve interação positiva entre ambientes ao efeito de população de plantas. A resposta positiva ao aumento de população de plantas de Toledo foi diretamente relacionado ao nível de fertilidade do solo. Em Goioerê e Cascavel não houve diferença significativa ao aumento de densidade populacional de 50.000 a 80.000 plantas ha-1. Em todos os locais o híbrido AS 1570 apresentou produtividade superior aos híbridos AS 1565 e AS 1575
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Geha, Marla, Risa H. Wechsler, Yao-Yuan Mao, Erik J. Tollerud, Benjamin Weiner, Rebecca Bernstein, Ben Hoyle, et al. "The SAGA Survey. I. Satellite Galaxy Populations around Eight Milky Way Analogs." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625799.
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We present the survey strategy and early results of the "Satellites Around Galactic Analogs" (SAGA) Survey. The SAGA. Survey's goal is to measure the distribution of satellite galaxies around 100 systems analogous to the Milky Way down to the luminosity of the Leo I dwarf galaxy (M-r < -12.3). We define a Milky Way analog based on K-band luminosity and local environment. Here, we present satellite luminosity functions for eight Milky-Way-analog galaxies between 20 and 40. Mpc. These systems have nearly complete spectroscopic coverage of candidate satellites within the projected host virial radius down to r(o) < 20.75 using low-redshift gri color criteria. We have discovered a total of 25 new satellite galaxies: 14. new satellite galaxies meet our formal criteria around our complete host systems, plus 11 additional satellites in either incompletely surveyed hosts or below our formal magnitude limit. Combined with 13 previously known satellites, there are a total of 27 satellites around 8 complete Milky-Way-analog hosts. We find a wide distribution in the number of satellites per host, from 1 to 9, in the luminosity range for which there are 5 Milky Way satellites. Standard abundance matching extrapolated from higher luminosities predicts less scatter between hosts and a steeper luminosity function slope than observed. We find that the majority of satellites (26 of 27) are star-forming. These early results indicate that the Milky Way has a different satellite population than typical in our sample, potentially changing the physical interpretation of measurements based only on the Milky Way's satellite galaxies.
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Saylor, Dicy, Sebastien Lepine, Ian Crossfield, and Erik A. Petigura. "Light-curve Modulation of Low-mass Stars in K2. I. Identification of 481 Fast Rotators in the Solar Neighborhood." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626405.
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The K2 mission is targeting large numbers of nearby (d < 100 pc) GKM dwarfs selected from the SUPERBLINK proper motion survey (mu > 40 mas yr(-1), V < 20). Additionally, the mission is targeting low-mass, high proper motion stars associated with the local (d < 500 pc) Galactic halo population also selected from SUPERBLINK. K2 campaigns 0 through 8 monitored a total of 26,518 of these cool main-sequence stars. We used the auto-correlation function to search for fast rotators by identifying short-period photometric modulations in the K2 light curves. We identified 481 candidate fast rotators with rotation periods < 4 days that show light-curve modulations consistent with starspots. Their kinematics show low average transverse velocities, suggesting that they are part of the young disk population. A subset (13) of the fast rotators is found among those targets with colors and kinematics consistent with the local Galactic halo population and may represent stars spun up by tidal interactions in close binary systems. We further demonstrate that the M dwarf fast rotators selected from the K2 light curves are significantly more likely to have UV excess and discuss the potential of the K2 mission to identify new nearby young GKM dwarfs on the basis of their fast rotation rates. Finally, we discuss the possible use of local halo stars as fiducial, non-variable sources in the Kepler fields.
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Tesfaye, Fikru. "Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Ethiopia : the rural-ruban gradient." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1543.
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DUPOIRON, XAVIER. "La population admise en moyen sejour au centre de geriatrie charles drouet du centre hospitalier du mans et son devenu un an apres l'hospitalisation." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE1013.
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Jahn, Michael. "Characterization of population heterogeneity in a model biotechnological process using Pseudomonas putida." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-178424.
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Biotechnological processes are distinguished from classical chemistry by employing bio-molecules or whole cells as the catalytic element, providing unique reaction mechanisms with unsurpassed specificity. Whole cells are the most versatile \'factories\' for natural or non-natural products, however, the conversion of e.g. hydrophobic substrates can quickly become cytotoxic. One host organism with the potential to handle such conditions is the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas putida, which distinguishes itself by solvent tolerance, metabolic flexibility, and genetic amenability. However, whole cell bioconversions are highly complex processes. A typical bottleneck compared to classical chemistry is lower yield and reproducibility owing to cell-to-cell variability. The intention of this work was therefore to characterize a model producer strain of P. putida KT2440 on the single cell level to identify non-productive or impaired subpopulations.
Flow cytometry was used in this work to discriminate subpopulations regarding DNA content or productivity, and further mass spectrometry or digital PCR was employed to reveal differences in protein composition or plasmid copy number.
Remarkably, productivity of the population was generally bimodally distributed comprising low and highly producing cells. When these two subpopulations were analyzed by mass spectrometry, only few metabolic changes but fundamental differences in stress related proteins were found. As the source for heterogeneity remained elusive, it was hypothesized that cell cycle state may be related to production capacity of the cells. However, subpopulations of one, two, or higher fold DNA content were virtually identical providing no clear hints for regulatory differences. On the quest for heterogeneity the loss of genetic information came into focus. A new work flow using digital PCR was created to determine the absolute number of DNA copies per cell and, finally, lack of expression could be attributed to loss of plasmid in non-producing cells. The average plasmid copy number was shown to be much lower than expected (1 instead of 10-20). In conclusion, this work established techniques for the quantification of proteins and DNA in sorted subpopulations, and by these means provided a highly detailed picture of heterogeneity in a microbial population.
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HAMAJIMA, NOBUYUKI, HIROTAKA MATSUO, KENJI WAKAI, EMI MORITA, GUANG YIN, SAYO KAWAI, RIEKO OKADA, MARIKO NAITO, and SHINO SUMA. "ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS IN A JAPANESE POPULATION WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MODIFIED BY LRP2 rs2544390." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20552.
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Hainzelin, Étienne. "Amelioration du rendement et de la tolerance aux densites elevees de deux populations tropicales elites de mais par introgression de materiels exotiques." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NSARC046.
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Dans le but d'ameliorer le rendement maximum et la tolerance aux densites elevees des populations bresiliennes de mais br105 (suwan1) et br106 (tuxpeno), l'introgression de lignees elites exotiques a ete tentee. Les effets de ces introgressions ont ete evalues en comparant les moyennes et les variances genetiques de nombreux caracteres de ces populations avant et apres introgression. Ces estimations ont porte sur des echantillons de familles s1 observees per se a densite normale (50. 000 plantes/ha), et en topcross a deux densites contrastees (37. 500 et 70. 000 plantes/ha). Ces effets sont significatifs pour la plupart des caracteres au niveau s1 comme au niveau topcross. Un gain de rendement et de tolerance aux densites elevees a ete obtenu pour br105, alors que pour br106, l'impact est negatif pour ces deux caracteres et s'est accompagne d'un raccourcissement du cycle. Cependant, dans les deux cas, les introgressions ont reduit les variances genetiques et, de ce fait, les esperances de progres sont meilleures dans les populations tropicales originales. De plus, l'impact des introgressions sur la pourriture des epis (forte aggravation) et sur la tenue des plantes (negatif pour br105, positif pour br106), relativisent l'interet des introgressions. Les caracteristiques observees, notamment les composantes du rendement et la duree de remplissage du grain, permettent de comparer le rendement observe au rendement radiatif estime de chaque famille, et d'interpreter partiellement les effets des introgressions par les variations du nombre de grains par m2. Cette etude permet notamment de mettre en evidence les caracteres sur lesquels le selectionneur doit concentrer ses efforts pour repousser les limites du rendement du mais en milieu tropical : l'etablissement du nombre de grains en situation de competition et la duree de la phase de remplissage des grains.
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Nafziger, Anne. "A population perspective on obesity prevention : lessons learned from Sweden and the U.S." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-893.
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Kark, Malin. "Population-based studies of body mass index, overweight and systolic blood pressure among Swedish young men /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-279-5.
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Dahlgren, Johan Petter. "Linking plant population dynamics to the local environment and forest succession." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8291.
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Linking environmental variation to population dynamics is necessary to understand and predict how the environment influences species abundances and distributions. I used demographic, environmental and trait data of forest herbs to study effects of spatial variation in environmental factors on populations as well as environmental change in terms of effects of forest succession on field layer plants. The results show that abundances of field layer species during forest succession are correlated with their functional traits; species with high specific leaf area increased more in abundance. I also found that soil nutrients affect vegetative and flowering phenology of the forest herb Actaea spicata. The effect of nutrients shows that a wider range of environmental factors than usually assumed can influence plant phenology. Moreover, local environmental factors affected also the demography of A. spicata through effects on vital rates. An abiotic factor, soil potassium affecting individual growth rate, was more important for population growth rate than seed predation, the most conspicuous biotic interaction in this system. Density independent changes in soil potassium during forest succession, and to a lesser extent plant population size dependent seed predation, were predicted to alter population growth rate, and thereby the abundance, of A. spicata over time. Because these environmental factors had effects on population projections, they can potentially influence the occupancy pattern of this species along successional gradients. I conclude that including deterministic, as opposed to stochastic, environmental change in demographic models enables assessments of the effects of processes such as succession, altered land-use, and climate change on population dynamics. Models explicitly incorporating environmental factors are useful for studying population dynamics in a realistic context, and to guide management of threatened species in changing environments.
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Sherrock, Kaitlyn. "Analysis of Potential Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in a Pediatric Population Comparing Normal Weight and Overweight Subjects." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338495751.
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Tynell, Elsa. "Prevention of transfusion transmitted infections : donor screening and characteristics of recipient populations /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-287-X/.
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Edelen, Delores. "EXPLAINING CHURN: MASS SOCIETY, SOCIAL CAPITAL, & COMMUNITY CHURN." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3054.
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Population churn--the population turnover experienced by a community--can have differential effects on a community. Mass society theory suggests that because the churn rate experienced by communities can contribute to their uprooting, fragmentation, and isolation, churn is a potent threat to the stability of our modern day communities. Social capital theory, to the contrary, suggests otherwise. Social capital theory suggests that churn can have positive effects on communities by bringing new migrants with valuable human capital skills and experiences to communities. These migrants bring to their new communities the potential for creating new jobs, spurring economic development, and for initiating housing starts that expand housing options for the poor and minorities. In so doing, they help create and sustain vibrant, growing modern day communities. Yet in spite of the significant role churn may play in determining the health and viability of modern day communities, it has been overlooked in the migration literature, which is mostly dominated by individual-level research on the causes and effects of migration, particularly the pecuniary benefits to movers. Using county-level data and multivariate analyses, this research seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between the community and churn, from the perspectives provided by social capital and mass society theories.M.A.
Department of Sociology and Anthropology
Arts and Sciences
Applied Sociology
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Matos, Tiago Manuel Ferreira Lopes Guerreiro de. "Evolução das populações de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) e meios de protecção em ambiente empresarial vocacionado para exportação." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3907.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaTuta absoluta (Meyrick) represents, nowadays, a serious threat to tomato crops, either protected or open field crops, which is a sector of vital importance in the Mediterranean basin and, therefore, in Portugal too. As it usually happens in case of exotic invasive pests, the lack of knowledge about its biology, behaviour and effective control measures generates a period of uncontrolled balance of the pest with serious outbreaks or, in many cases, the adoption by growers of highly undesirable strategies. The present work intends to partially address to the challenges presented by that lack of knowledge, exploring the pest behaviour in greenhouse tomato crops and testing different pest control measures. All the essays were carried out in a Portuguese company totally focused on growing tomatoes to the English market, one of the most demanding markets in the world. Nowadays, production companies need a lot of certification schemes to be able to sell their agricultural goods in those markets. Many of those certifications are brand specific, for each supermarket, and almost all of them are related with good agricultural practices which guarantee food security and biodiversity preservation. These subjects are growing concerns for consumers and growers must be able to reach such level of demanding, while they are also obliged to fulfil quality standards and innovation in their products. With these concerns in mind and the need for picking tomatoes every week from October to June, this company´s strategy for T. absoluta, such as for other pests, must include biological control and the use of pesticides from natural origin. When necessary, synthetic pesticides are applied but those must have a short harvest interval. The fulfilment of this and other rules will always be essential to the success of this particular company, as it will be for Portuguese agricultural companies in general if they want to successfully sell quality products in foreign markets and contribute to the increase of the country´s export revenue. T. absoluta females seemed to prefer laying their eggs in the top section of tomato plants, inducing a large number of mines in the section immediately below that area. These mines tend to be abandoned at a later stage of the larval development. Those larvae moved then to immature fruits or leaves in the bottom part of the plant. The existence of eggs and young larvae in the top of the plants justifies the presence of Nesidiocoris tenuis adults in that area, actively searching for preys and, therefore, reducing the overall T. absoluta damage. This mirid can be considered, consequently, a v good biological control agent of T. absoluta. However, in the absence of a suitable prey, N. tenuis can become a tomato plants pest himself, as it was observed. The deliberate releases of this mirid in crops must be carefully evaluated and its spontaneous presence should be regularly monitored. The use of nets at the top windows of the studied greenhouses seemed to delay the appearance of T. absoluta in the crop, especially if proper isolation measures were carried out. Net´s beneficial effect should be confronted with consequences on the greenhouse environment and significant economic effort demanded for application of this devices. Another possible way to avoid the pest residence inside greenhouse is the elimination of the falling pupae, which tend to remain in the soil or under soil covers. In situations where a pesticide application is necessary, spinosade a.i. must be considered, given the promising results presented. Its registration for the control of this pest should be considered. It will be also very useful to perform field trials with a.i. recently registered, for T. absoluta control. After reducing this pest’s populations to very low numbers, either through pesticide applications or mirid´s predation mechanisms, regular applications of Bacillus thuringiensis, a biopesticide, contributed to delay the recovery of those populations. Under such circumstances, possible development of resistance must be considered and evaluated. The application of other preventive strategies, such as the introduction of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae, could also have an interesting effect on the pest development. In this case, its real efficiency on T. absoluta will have to be studied in detail still, given the remaining doubts on its efficacy, especially if we consider the highest recommended release rates. If its effectiveness is demonstrated, a proper way of supplying this beneficial insect with good quality standards to Portuguese growers from producing companies will have to be guaranteed. Water traps for mass trapping, which combine the attractive effect of sexual pheromone and light, captured higher levels of T. absoluta adults than the traditional ones, with pheromone bait only. However, this traps seemed unable to capture females of T. absoluta, an expected event due to the light effect. This lack of female captures makes it hard to justify their use, considering its high cost compared with traditional water traps