Academic literature on the topic 'Population genetics Mathematics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Population genetics Mathematics"

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Morrison, Margaret. "Population Genetics and Population Thinking: Mathematics and the Role of the Individual." Philosophy of Science 71, no. 5 (December 2004): 1189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/425241.

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PROVINE, W. "Population genetics." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 52, no. 1-2 (1990): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8240(05)80009-6.

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Kozyrev, S. V. "Learning Theory and Population Genetics." Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics 43, no. 7 (July 2022): 1655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995080222100195.

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Lambert, Amaury. "Population genetics, ecology and the size of populations." Journal of Mathematical Biology 60, no. 3 (August 6, 2009): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00285-009-0286-3.

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Provine, William B. "Discussion: Population genetics." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 52, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459573.

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Curnow, R. N., A. H. D. Brown, M. T. Clegg, A. L. Kahler, and B. S. Weir. "Plant Population Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Resources." Biometrics 46, no. 4 (December 1990): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532478.

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Haigh, John. "INTRODUCTION TO THEORETICAL POPULATION GENETICS (Biomathematics 21)." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 26, no. 3 (May 1994): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/26.3.318.

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L�nger, Helmut. "On an inequality arising from population genetics." Archiv der Mathematik 48, no. 2 (February 1987): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189288.

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KIMMEL, MAREK. "WHY MATHEMATICS IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND COMPLEX GENETICS DISEASES." Journal of Biological Systems 10, no. 04 (December 2002): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339002000688.

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We discuss mathematical approaches to population genetics and evolutionary theory in the context of complex genetic disease. Mechanisms, which we discuss, include gene-environment interaction in lung cancer as well as classical mechanisms of stabilization of genetic disease such as overdominance, antagonistic pleiotropy and recurring mutations. Specific modeling approaches discussed include: (1) Mathematical model of the evolution of disease chromosome applied to mapping of a disease gene. (2) Iterated Galton–Watson branching process applied to modeling of trinucleotide expansion in triplet-repeat diseases. (3) Application of Ewens' sampling formula to analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism haplotypes at disease-related genes. The aim of this paper is not to present an exhaustive review, but rather to advocate mathematical modeling approaches in a field of current interest.
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Rabani, Yuval, Yuri Rabinovich, and Alistair Sinclair. "A computational view of population genetics." Random Structures and Algorithms 12, no. 4 (July 1998): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2418(199807)12:4<313::aid-rsa1>3.0.co;2-w.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population genetics Mathematics"

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Herbots, Hilde Maria Jozefa Dominiek. "Stochastic models in population genetics : genealogy and genetic differentiation in structured populations." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1994. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1482.

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The theory of probability and stochastic processes is applied to a current issue in population genetics, namely that of genealogy and genetic differentiation in subdivided populations. It is proved that under a reasonable model for reproduction and migration, the ancestral process of a sample from a subdivided population converges weakly, as the subpopulation sizes tend to infinity, to a continuous-time Markov chain called the "structured coalescent". The moment-generating function, the mean and the cond moment of the time since the most recent common ancestor (called the "coalescence time") of a pair of genes are calculated explicitly for a range of models of population structure. The value of Wright's coefficient FST, which serves as a measure of the subpopulation differentiation and which can be related to the coalescence times of pairs of genes sampled within or among subpopulations, is calculated explicitly for various models of population structure. It is shown that the dependence of FST on the mutation rate may be more marked than is generally believed, particularly when gene flow is restricted to an essentially one-dimensional habitat with a large number of subpopulations. Several more general results about genealogy and subpopulation differentiation are proved. Simple relationships are found between moments of within and between population coalescence times. Weighting each subpopulation by its relative size, the asymptotic behaviour of FST at large mutation rates is independent of the details of population structure. Two sets of symmetry conditions on the population structure are found for which the mean coalescence time of a pair of genes from a single subpopulation is independent of the migration rate and equal to that of two individuals from a panmictic population of the same total size. Under graph-theoretic conditions on the population structure, there is a uniform relationship between the FST value of a pair of neighbouring subpopulations, in the limit of zero mutation rate, and the migration rate
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Levin, Alex Ph D. (Alexander) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Graphs, matrices, and populations : linear algebraic techniques in theoretical computer science and population genetics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83695.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-155).
In this thesis, we present several algorithmic results for problems in spectral graph theory and computational biology. The first part concerns the problem of spectral sparsification. It is known that every dense graph can be approximated in a strong sense by a sparse subgraph, known as a spectral sparsifier of the graph. Furthermore, researchers have recently developed efficient algorithms for computing such approximations. We show how to make these algorithms faster, and also give a substantial improvement in space efficiency. Since sparsification is an important first step in speeding up approximation algorithms for many graph problems, our results have numerous applications. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the problem of inferring human population history from genetic data. We give an efficient and principled algorithm for using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to infer admixture history of various populations, and apply it to show that Europeans have evidence of mixture with ancient Siberians. Finally, we turn to the problem of RNA secondary structure design. In this problem, we want to find RNA sequences that fold to a given secondary structure. We propose a novel global sampling approach, based on the recently developed RNAmutants algorithm, and show that it has numerous desirable properties when compared to existing solutions. Our method can prove useful for developing the next generation of RNA design algorithms.
by Alex Levin.
Ph.D.
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Ishida, Yoichi. "Secret analogies mathematics, ecology, and evolution /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442878.

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Reich, David Emile. "Genetic analysis of human evolutionary history with implications for gene mapping." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e3a3eb7-3cce-4494-82e8-8616fabed145.

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Genetic variation contains detailed and quantitative evidence about the history of populations. The historical traces of demographic growth and contraction, as well as the history of human disease, have left traces on the patterns of modern variation and can be studied by sampling present-day populations. However, the data sets that are necessary in order to take full advantage of this living archaeological record have not been available until recently. The quality and quantity of data have increased dramatically during the past decade because of the identification of polymorphisms, including SNPs and microsatellites, that are much more amenable to mathematical modeling and efficient genotyping than earlier marker systems. The research in this thesis has been carried out in response to the need to provide new methods of analysis to match the new types of data. Chapter 1 describes multilocus tests of demographic history and their application to real data. Chapter 2 describes how the pattern of linkage disequilibrium around a disease-predisposing mutation can be used to estimate the date of a mutation that is, the age of the most recent common ancestor of a set of modern samples. Finally, Chapter 3 draws several direct connections between human evolutionary history and medical genetics.
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Gjini, Erida. "Bridging between parasite genomic data and population processes : trypanosome dynamics and the antigenic archive." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3375/.

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Antigenic variation processes play a central role in parasite invasion and chronic infectious disease, and are likely to respond to host immune mechanisms and epidemiological characteristics. Whether changes in antigenic variation strategies lead to net positive or negative effects for parasite fitness is unclear. To improve our understanding of pathogen evolution, it is important to investigate the mechanisms by which pathogens regulate antigenic variant expression. This involves consideration of the complex interactions that occur between parasites and their hosts, and top-down and bottom-up factors that might drive changes in the genetic architecture of their antigenic archives. Increasing availability of pathogen genomic data offers new opportunities to understand the fundamental mechanisms of immune evasion and pathogen population dynamics during chronic infection. Motivated by the growing knowledge on the antigenic variation system of the sleeping sickness parasite, the African trypanosome, in this thesis, we present different models that analyze antigenic variation of this parasite at different biological scales, ranging from the within-host level, to between-host transmission, and finally the parasite genetics level. First, we describe mechanistically how the structure of the antigenic archive impacts the parasite population dynamics within a single host, and how it interplays with other within-host processes, such as parasite density-dependent differentiation into transmission life-stages and specific host immune responses. Our analysis focuses first on a single parasitaemia peak and then on the dynamics of multiple peaks that rely on stochastic switching between groups of parasite variants. We show that the interplay between the two types of parasite control within the host: specific and general, depends on the modular structure of the parasite antigenic archive. Our modelling reveals that the degree of synchronization in stochastic variant emergence (antigenic block size) determines the relative dominance of general over specific control within a single peak, and can divide infection scenarios into stationary and oscillatory regimes. A requirement for multiple-peak dynamics is a critical switch rate between blocks of antigenic variants, which depends on host characteristics, such as the immune delay, and implies constraints on variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) archive genetic diversification. Secondly, we study the interactions between the structure and function of the antigenic archive at the transmission level. By using nested modelling, we show that the genetic architecture of the archive has important consequences for pathogen fitness within and between hosts. We find host-dependent optimality criteria for the antigenic archive that arise as a result of typical trade-offs between parasite transmission and virulence. Our analysis suggests that different traits of the host population can select for different aspects of the antigenic archive, reinforcing the importance of host heterogeneity in the evolutionary dynamics of parasites. Variant-specific host immune competence is likely to select for larger antigenic block sizes. Parasite tolerance and host life-span are likely to select for whole archive expansion as more archive blocks provide the parasite with a fitness advantage. Within-host carrying capacity, resulting from density-dependent parasite regulation, is likely to impact the evolution of between-block switch rates in the antigenic archive. Our study illustrates the importance of quantifying the links between parasite genetics and within-host dynamics, and suggests that host body size might play a significant role in the evolution of trypanosomes. In Chapters 4 and 5 we consider the genetics behind trypanosome antigenic variation. Antigen switch rates are thought to depend on a range of genetic features, among which, the genetic identity between the switch-off and switch-on gene. The subfamily structure of the VSG archive is important in providing the conditions for this type of switching to occur. We develop a hidden Markov model to describe and estimate evolutionary processes generating clustered patterns of genetic identity between closely related gene sequences. Analysis of alignment data from high-identity VSG genes in the silent antigen gene archive of the African trypanosome identifies two scales of subfamily diversification: local clustering of sequence mismatches, a putative indicator of gene conversion events with other lower-identity donor genes in the archive, and the sparse scale of isolated mismatches, likely to arise from independent point mutations. In addition to quantifying the respective rates of these two processes, our method yields estimates for the gene conversion tract length distribution and the average diversity contributed locally by conversion events. Model fitting is conducted for a range of models using a Bayesian framework. We find that gene conversion events with lower-identity partners are at least 5 times less common than point mutations for VSG pairs, and the average imported conversion tract is short. However, due to the high frequency of mismatches in converted segments, the two processes have almost equal impact on the rate of sequence diversification between VSG sub-family members. We are able to disentangle the most likely locations of point mutations vs. conversions on each aligned gene pair. Finally we model VSG archive diversification at the global scale, as a result of opposing evolutionary forces: point mutation, which induces diversification, and gene conversion, which promotes global homogenization. By adopting stochastic simulation and theoretical approaches such as population genetics and the diffusion approximation, we find how the stationary identity configuration of the archive depends on mutation and conversion parameters. By fitting the theoretical form of the distribution to the current VSG archive configuration, we estimate the global rates of gene conversion and point mutation. The relative dominance of mutation as an evolutionary force quantifies the high divergence propensity of VSG genes in response to host immune pressures. The success of our models in describing realistic infection patterns and making predictions about the fitness consequences of the parasite antigenic archive illustrates the advantage of using integrative approaches that bridge between different biological scales. Even though quantifying the genetic signatures of antigenic variation remains a challenging task, cross-disciplinary analyses and mechanistic modelling of parasite genomic data can help in this direction, to better understand parasite evolution.
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Lundy, Ian J. "Theoretical population genetics of spatially structured populations /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl962.pdf.

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Loucoubar, Cheikh. "Statistical genetic analysis of infectious disease (malaria) phenotypes from a longitudinal study in a population with significant familial relationships." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685104.

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Long term longitudinal surveys have the advantage to enable several sampling of the studied phenomena and then, with the repeated measures obtained, find a confirmed tendency. However, these long term surveys generate large epidemiological datasets including more sources of noise than normal datasets (e.g. one single measure per observation unit) and potential correlation in the measured values. Here, we studied data from a long-term epidemiological and genetic survey of malaria disease in two family-based cohorts in Senegal, followed for 19 years (1990-2008) in Dielmo and for 16 years (1993-2008) in Ndiop. The main objectives of this work were to take into account familial relationships, repeated measures as well as effect of covariates to measure both environmental and host genetic (heritability) impacts on the outcome of infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and then use findings from such analyses for linkage and association studies. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of a P. falciparum malaria attack during each trimester (PFA). The two villages were studied independently; epidemiological analyses, estimation of heritability and individual effects were then performed in each village separately. Linkage and association analyses used family-based methods (based on the original Transmission Disequilibrium Test) known to be immune from population stratification problems. Then to increase sample size for linkage and association analyses, data from the two villages were used together.
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Olsson, Fredrik. "Inbreeding, Effective Population Sizes and Genetic Differentiation : A Mathematical Analysis of Structured Populations." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115708.

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This thesis consists of four papers on various aspects of inbreeding, effective population sizes and genetic differentiation in structured populations, that is, populations that consist of a number of subpopulations. Three of the papers concern age structured populations, where in the first paper we concentrate on calculating the variance effective population size (NeV) and how NeV depends on the time between measurements and the weighting scheme of age classes. In the third paper we develop an estimation procedure of NeV which uses age specific demographic parameters to obtain approximately unbiased estimates. A simulation method for age structured populations is presented in the fourth paper. It is applicable to models with multiallelic loci in linkage equilibrium. In the second paper, we develop a framework for analysis of effective population sizes and genetic differentiation in geographically subdivided populations with a general migration scheme. Predictions of gene identities and gene diversities of the population are presented, which are used to find expressions for effective population sizes (Ne) and the coefficient of gene differentiation (GST). We argue that not only the asymptotic values of Ne and GST are important, but also their temporal dynamic patterns. The models presented in this thesis are important for understanding how different age decomposition, migration and reproduction scenarios of a structured population affect quantities, such as various types of effective sizes and genetic differentiation between subpopulations.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted.

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Xu, Yiyang. "Topics in population genetics and mathematical evolutionary biology." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682366.

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Part A studies the optimal strategies of seed germination problems where the population has a class structure under a fluctuating environment . In particular, a multidimensional age-class model is studied using a dynamical programming method. Numerical results about the so-called optimal stochastic strategy which consists of information about previous environmental states are computed. Comparing the optimal stochastic strategy with the optimal population-based strategy shows that the optimal stochastic strategy is highly effective in genera.l. A potentially useful diffusion approximation for the seed germination problem is also derived with numerical results. For part B, a multi-dimensional Moran model is studied using a diffusion approximation approach. The scaling limit and corresponding governing stochastic partial differential equations (SDEs) are derived. An expansion method is used to approximate the stationary distribution of the SDEs. An approximation formula for the effective migration rate is then derived.
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Martin, Anna. "Mathematical modeling of seed bank dynamics in population genetics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-321191.

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We study the genealogical structure of samples from a population for which any givengeneration is made up of direct descendants from one randomly chosen previousgeneration. These occur in nature when there are seed banks or egg banks allowingan individual to leave offspring several generations in the future. Kaj et al. studied in2001 the case where any given generation is made up of descendants from severalprevious generations and showed how this temporal structure in the reproductionmechanism causes a decrease in the coalescence rate. In this project we will showthat having all samples pick their parents in one randomly chosen generation will leadto a coalescent process which is equivalent to a time shifted version of Kingman’scoalescent, time shifted with the age distribution of the seed bank.
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Books on the topic "Population genetics Mathematics"

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Dynamic population models. Dordrecht: Springer, 2006.

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Peter, Donnelly, and Tavaré Simon, eds. Progress in population genetics and human evolution. New York: Springer, 1997.

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M, Svirezhev I͡U. Fundamentals of mathematical evolutionary genetics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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V, Rădulescu, ed. Nonlinear PDEs: Mathematical models in biology, chemistry and population genetics. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2012.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, and École d'Été de Probabilités de Saint-Flour (39th : 2009), eds. Some Mathematical Models from Population Genetics: École d'Été de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XXXIX-2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Ewens, Warren J. Mathematical Population Genetics. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21822-9.

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1955-, Banzhaf Wolfgang, and Eeckman Frank H, eds. Evolution and biocomputation: Computational models of evolution. Berlin: Springer, 1995.

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1933-, Fried Bernard, and Toledo Rafael, eds. The biology of echinostomes: From the molecule to the community. New York, NY: Springer, 2009.

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I, Li͡ubich I͡U. Mathematical structures in population genetics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Lyubich, Yuri I. Mathematical Structures in Population Genetics. Edited by Ethan Akin. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76211-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Population genetics Mathematics"

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Britton, Nicholas Ferris. "Population Genetics and Evolution." In Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series, 117–46. London: Springer London, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0049-2_4.

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Svirezhev, Yuri M., and Vladimir P. Passekov. "Diffusion Models of Population Genetics." In Mathematics and Its Applications, 239–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2589-2_10.

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Svirezhev, Yuri M., and Vladimir P. Passekov. "Basic Equations of Population Genetics." In Mathematics and Its Applications, 16–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2589-2_2.

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Tavaré, Simon. "Part I: Ancestral Inference in Population Genetics." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1–188. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39874-5_1.

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Jost, Jürgen. "Population Genetics." In Mathematical Methods in Biology and Neurobiology, 199–215. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6353-4_6.

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Baur, Max P. "Population Genetics: Mathematical Problems." In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 534. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73330-7_109.

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Ewens, Warren J. "Historical Background." In Mathematical Population Genetics, 1–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21822-9_1.

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Ewens, Warren J. "Looking Backward in Time: The Coalescent." In Mathematical Population Genetics, 328–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21822-9_10.

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Ewens, Warren J. "Looking Backward: Testing the Neutral Theory." In Mathematical Population Genetics, 346–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21822-9_11.

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Ewens, Warren J. "Looking Backward in Time: Population and Species Comparisons." In Mathematical Population Genetics, 370–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21822-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Population genetics Mathematics"

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Olevska, Yu B., V. I. Olevskyi, and O. V. Olevskyi. "Fuzzy recognition of proteins in population genetics electrophoresis experiments." In APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES: 11th International Conference for Promoting the Application of Mathematics in Technical and Natural Sciences - AMiTaNS’19. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5130830.

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Olevska, Yu B., V. I. Olevskyi, N. M. Ausheva, and O. V. Olevskyi. "Fuzzy recognition of proteins in 2D electrophoresis in population genetics." In APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES: 13th International Hybrid Conference for Promoting the Application of Mathematics in Technical and Natural Sciences - AMiTaNS’21. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100766.

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Olevska, Yu B., V. I. Olevskyi, N. M. Ausheva, and O. V. Olevskyi. "Modified method of fuzzy recognition of proteins in electrophoresis in population genetics." In APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES: 12th International On-line Conference for Promoting the Application of Mathematics in Technical and Natural Sciences - AMiTaNS’20. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0033556.

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Tsourkas, Philippos K., and Boris Rubinsky. "Laplace’s Equation, Genetic Algorithms, and Evolution." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32658.

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With the advent of problems in genetics that are either too difficult or too dangerous to solve experimentally, it is important to have mathematical tools available so that these problems may be solved through modeling and computation. To this end we developed a mathematical experimentation procedure to simulate the evolution of a population of individuals. The procedure employs genetic algorithm methodology to study a ‘species’ that is comprised of solutions to the Laplace equation. The algorithm is applied to the study of a particularly significant and controversial problem: The release of genetically engineered organism in the wild.
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Gong, Xue-jing, and Jian-wei Xie. "Migration strategy and mathematical analysis of sub-population size adaptation in parallel genetic algorithm." In Sixth International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, edited by Jianguo Liu, Kunio Doi, Aaron Fenster, and S. C. Chan. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.831992.

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Weiqiane Miao and Yuming Lu. "Application of multi-population improved cultural genetic algorithm using fuzzy mathematics in synthesis of array radar antenna." In 2013 International Conference on Mechatronic Sciences, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2013.6885319.

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Venables, Anne, and Grace Tan. "A 'Hands on' Strategy for Teaching Genetic Algorithms to Undergraduates." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3132.

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Genetic algorithms (GAs) are a problem solving strategy that uses stochastic search. Since their introduction (Holland, 1975), GAs have proven to be particularly useful for solving problems that are ‘intractable’ using classical methods. The language of genetic algorithms (GAs) is heavily laced with biological metaphors from evolutionary literature, such as population, chromosome, crossover, cloning, mutation, genes and generations. For beginners studying genetic algorithms, there is quite an overhead in gaining comfort with these terms and an understanding of their parallel meanings in the unfamiliar computing milieu of an evolutionary algorithm. This paper describes a ‘hands on’ strategy to introduce and teach genetic algorithms to undergraduate computing students. By borrowing an analogical model from senior biology classes, poppet beads are used to represent individuals in a population (Harrison, 2001). Described are several introductory exercises that transport students from an illustration of natural selection in Biston betula moths, onto the representation and solution of differing mathematical and computing problems. Through student manipulation and interactions with poppet beads, the exercises cover terms such as population, generation, chromosome, gene, mutation and crossover in both their biological and computing contexts. Importantly, the tasks underline the two key design issues of genetic algorithms: the choice of an appropriate chromosome representation, and a suitable fitness function for each specific instance. Finally, students are introduced to the notion of schema upon which genetic algorithms operate. The constructivist model of learning advocates the use of such contextual problems to create an environment where students become active participants in their own learning (Ben-Ari, 1998; Greening, 2000; Kolb, 1984). Initial student feedback about these “hands on” exercises has been enthusiastic. As well, several students have made reference to the lessons learnt as the basis for GA coding in subsequent open-ended assignments. It seems that once the hurdle of becoming familiar with GA terminology has been surmounted, students find genetic algorithms to be particularly intriguing for their uncanny ability to solve incredibly complex problems quickly and proficiently (Moore, 2001).
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Zhdanova, O. L., and E. Ya Frisman. "On the Role of Natural Selection in the Genetic Divergence of Migration-Coupled Populations: Comparison of Experimental and Mathematical Modelling Results." In Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics. Pushchino: IMPB RAS - Branch of KIAM RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/icmbb22.8.

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9

Codeceira Neto, Alcides, and Pericles Pilidis. "An Assessment Method of Power Plants Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0560.

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Abstract:
The performance assessment of power plants is a complex task, which involves many calculations. Increasing the number of plant components with the introduction of new technologies available in the international market, it increases the complexity of performance analysis of power cycles. The present paper describes a process for optimising a conventional gas turbine combined cycle power plant. In this paper the method of assessing thermal power plants takes into account the exergy method and carries out along with optimisation of the whole plant based on maximising overall plant exergetic efficiency and minimising energy loss rejected to the atmosphere. The performance assessment of power plants using the exergy method considers the overall plant exergetic efficiency and the exergy destruction in the various components of the plant. The exergy method highlights irreversibility within the plant components, and it is of particular interest in this investigation. Due to the large number of equations with many variables taking part in the whole calculation and also considering constraints imposed to some variables, a genetic algorithm is recommended as the optimisation tool for the assessment method. Genetic Algorithms are adaptive methods which may be used to solve search and optimisation problems. They are based on the genetic processes of biological organisms. Over many generations, natural populations evolve according to the principles of natural selection and “survival of the fittest”, first clearly stated by Charles Darwin in his book “The Origin of Species”. Genetic algorithms do not require complicate mathematical calculations like the evaluation of derivatives necessary to be considered in conventional optimisation techniques.
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10

TRUKHACHEV, Vladimir, Sergey OLEYNIK, and Nikolay ZLYDNEV. "DAILY DYNAMICS OF MILK QUALITY INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.067.

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Dairy cattle breeding is one of the main suppliers of protein and animal fat, it is one of the most important branches of agriculture and plays a primary role in providing adequate nutrition for the population. During the purposeful work on harmonization of the national regulatory framework with international legislation, special attention is paid to scientific developments in the way of full implementation of Russian livestock production in the global trading system. The recommendations of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR) (Global Standard…, 2017; Trukhachev et al., 2017) are the methodological basis for the introduction of the generally accepted organizational principles for the recording and evaluation of the productive qualities of animals. One of the stages of this process was implementation in 2015-2017. in the Stavropol State Agrarian University of research projects, especially significant for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in the direction of ensuring import substitution in animal husbandry (genetic material), which envisage the development of a regional model for the formation and management of highly productive genetic resources for dairy cattle. The object of the research was cattle (cows) of the North Caucasian population of the Ayrshire breed (n = 550), from which, based on the analysis of the materials of the primary zooveterinary records, groups of cows with 3-fold milking were formed to study the daily dynamics of fat and protein content in raw milk samples I, II and III milking, n = 240) and 2-fold milking (I and II milking - 180 cows). In the process of performing monthly analyzes of the quality of individual milk samples obtained from pedigree cows taken for 2- or 3-fold milking, it was found that a certain pattern is observed in the diurnal dynamics of fat and protein content in milk, which probably has a general biological nature and largely depends on the technological factor - the multiplicity of milking cows, which coincides, basically, with the regularities described in the methodology of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR). The nature of the dynamics of the concentration of fat in milk at 2- and 3-fold milking has, though a different mathematical form, but they have a general tendency: the fat in milk for milking cows, as a rule, is 10.77–10.98 % lower, than II and III milking. The variability of the protein concentration in milk during the day is the same as the fat dynamics, though it is less expressed than of fat and accounts 0.88%.
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