Relevant bibliographies by topics / Population balance modelling

Academic literature on the topic 'Population balance modelling'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Population balance modelling"

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Nopens, I., and C. A. Biggs. "Advances in population balance modelling." Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.05.026.

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Utomo, Johan, Nicoleta Balliu, and Moses O. Tadé. "CHALLENGES OF MODELLING A POPULATION BALANCE USING WAVELET." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 2 (2006): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060402-4-br-2902.00643.

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Tan, H. S., M. J. V. Goldschmidt, R. Boerefijn, M. J. Hounslow, D. Salman, and J. A. M. Kuipers. "Population Balance Modelling of Fluidized Bed Melt Granulation." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 83, no. 7 (July 2005): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd.04347.

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Coufort, Carole, Denis Bouyer, Alain Liné, and Benoît Haut. "Modelling of flocculation using a population balance equation." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 46, no. 12 (December 2007): 1264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2006.10.012.

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Liu, Jing J., Cai Y. Ma, Yang D. Hu, and Xue Z. Wang. "Modelling protein crystallisation using morphological population balance models." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 88, no. 4 (April 2010): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2009.08.015.

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Pougatch, Konstantin, Sean Delfel, Majid Hosseini, Benny Moyls, Ardalan Sadighian, and Adrian Revington. "Population balance modelling of dense clay slurries flocculation." Chemical Engineering Science 231 (February 2021): 116260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116260.

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Rollié, Sascha, Heiko Briesen, and Kai Sundmacher. "Discrete bivariate population balance modelling of heteroaggregation processes." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 336, no. 2 (August 2009): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.031.

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Schmidt, Stephan A., Martin Simon, Menwer M. Attarakih, Luis Lagar G., and Hans-Jörg Bart. "Droplet population balance modelling—hydrodynamics and mass transfer." Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 1 (January 2006): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.075.

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Patruno, L. E., C. A. Dorao, H. F. Svendsen, and H. A. Jakobsen. "Analysis of breakage kernels for population balance modelling." Chemical Engineering Science 64, no. 3 (February 2009): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2008.09.029.

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Attarakih, Menwer M., Hans-Jörg Bart, Tilmann Steinmetz, Markus Dietzen, and Naim M. Faqir. "LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Liquid- Liquid Extraction Columns." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (March 4, 2008): 10–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123100802010010.

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The population balance equation finds many applications in modelling poly-dispersed systems arising in many engineering applications such as aerosols dynamics, crystallization, precipitation, granulation, liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, combustion processes and microbial systems. The population balance lays down a modern approach for modelling the complex discrete behaviour of such systems. Due to the industrial importance of liquid-liquid extraction columns for the separation of many chemicals that are not amenable for separation by distillation, a Windows based program called LLECMOD is developed. Due to the multivariate nature of the population of droplets in liquid –liquid extraction columns (with respect to size and solute concentration), a spatially distributed population balance equation is developed. The basis of LLECMOD depends on modern numerical algorithms that couples the computational fluid dynamics and population balances. To avoid the solution of the momentum balance equations (for the continuous and discrete phases), experimental correlations are used for the estimation of the turbulent energy dissipation and the slip velocities of the moving droplets along with interaction frequencies of breakage and coalescence. The design of LLECMOD is flexible in such a way that allows the user to define droplet terminal velocity, energy dissipation, axial dispersion, breakage and coalescence frequencies and the other internal geometrical details of the column. The user input dialog makes the LLECMOD a user-friendly program that enables the user to select the simulation parameters and functions easily. The program is reinforced by a parameter estimation package for the droplet coalescence models. The scale-up and simulation of agitated extraction columns based on the populations balanced model leads to the main application of the simulation tool.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Population balance modelling"

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Grancic, Peter. "Population balance modelling of non-native protein aggregation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510725.

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Sweetman, Stephen John. "Population balance modelling and experimental studies of emulsion polymerisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7430.

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Emulsion polymerisation is a process of considerable technological and industrial significance. The process presents many challenges in respect to design, optimisation and multi-objective distribution control. The quality of latex is determined by the final product properties, Le. viscosity, mechanical strength and film-forming ability, which are in turn a function of the latex attributes of PSD and MWD. This motivates an inferential control scheme utilising these distributions. This research addresses model development and controllability analysis towards model-based control. A population balance model for PSD and MWD is developed. The PSD information is incorporated via a one-dimensional population distribution of the polymer particles with respect to their size, in conjunction with a population distribution of the total live polymer radicals/particle. MWD information is incorporated via one-dimensional population distributions of the live radicals and dead polymer chains with respect to their length (in different sized particles). The model solution is facilitated by a number of algorithmic developments, including a decomposition algorithm coupled with a multi-level discretisation for PSD and the application of the method of moments for MWD. This model is compared to extensive experimental data for its validation. Improvements in the form of a twodimensional version of this model enable better prediction of compartmentalisation and hence the growth rates, thereby improving model match with experiments. This work presents a study into the simultaneous controllability of PSD and MWD, assessed through an experimental sensitivity analysis on the main process manipulations: initiator, eTA, monomer and surfactant. The work analyses the practical limitations on the attainability of PSD and MWD. The range of experiments carried out clearly indicates the operation of individual mechanisms in the simultaneous formation of PSD and MWD.
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Ramachandran, Rohit. "Multi-scale population balance modelling and controllability of granulation processes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7213.

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Many continuous granulation plants operate below their design capacity, suffering from high recycle rates and instabilities. Thus, there is an immediate economic incentive for effective operation and control of granulation units. The overall granulation process is integrated and interacting, with limited manipulated variables available (e. g. binder addition, nozzle locations and mixing rate). Hence. the complex process dynamics and operational challenges presented warrant a fundamental model-based strategy for design, operation, control and scale-up that is well supported by experimental analyses. A realistic model of the granulation process has to account for the granule size, the binder content, and the porosity (or related parameter bulk density), thereby necessitating a three-dimensional population balance model to yield a good representation of the process. While this multidimensional population balance model is warranted by the physics of the problem. it is a bigger challenge to derive kernels (rate laws) for the key granulation mechanisms. Most kernels in the literature are empirical and/or semi-empirical and provide little insight into the intricacies of the granulation mechanisms. This effectively results in an inability to make the necessary engineering decisions to improve control of the granulation process. Hence, this thesis is concerned with a more systems-centric approach to enhance the design, control and scale-up of granulation processes. Experimental studies on a lab-scale batch drum granulator for a Calcite/PVOH-H20 system were performed to assess granulation kinetics and model development of the granulation process. Effects of process /material properties and liquid binder distribution on granule properties, illustrating the non-homogeneity of key particle attributes and which justify the need for multi-dimensional population balances, were studied. Process sensitivities, manipulations and potential disturbances were identified, formulating a comprehensive control configuration for granulation processes, with application seen in a continuous drum granulation of limestone. While carrying out experiments, multiple granule attributes were characterised and this presents a challenge, which this research addresses accordingly. A population balance model incorporating nucleation, aggregation, breakage and consolidation was developed in this research. Novel aspects are the mechanistic formulations of the nucleation, aggregation and breakage kernels which are derived from first-principles. Such mechanistic descriptions of the rate processes lend themselves to a more in-depth understanding of the granulation process, contributing fundamental knowledge to the design, control and scale-up of these processes. A sensitivity analysis of the model was then performed to ascertain the influence of model parameters on the particle density distribution. Continuing from this, a compartmentalised version of the combined population balance model was developed, for the purpose of controllability analysis. Results obtained were used to identify suitable control-loop pairings to facilitate enhanced control-loop performance. Experimental validation of the population balance model is an integral part of this research. The model was quantitatively validated using lab-scale experimental data for granule size, binder content and porosity. The tuned model was then able to predict evolutions and distributions of granule attributes for different operating conditions and formulations. The model was also validated for different granulation systems. This illustrates the robustness and flexibility of the model and these results are promising toward the longer-term step of a first-principles based predictive model for the granulation process that can help alleviate the need for large number of experiments. As an alternative to deriving the above-mentioned mechanistic kernels, a discrete element modelling (DEM) approach was also undertaken in this thesis. Based on a Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, the analysis carried out provided useful information to help understand the effect of primary particle morphology on granulation kinetics making it possible to establish relationships between material and process/design properties and granulation process behaviour
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Falola, Akinola Adeolu. "Online measurement and population balance modelling of stirred nano-milling." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11860/.

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Productions of fine particles in a wet mill is important to many industries including the pharmaceutical, chemical and synthetic industry. The particle size distribution of fine particles is one of the most important properties that determine the usefulness and the quality of the final product. It is therefore important that the final suspension from the wet milling process has a narrow size distribution to meet the product specification. This requires a good real-time particle size distribution measurement system and a good process model of the manufacturing process. Particle size measurement system that can cope with all particle sizes and concentration is not yet available and population balance modelling is not well developed for the wet milling process. These issues are addressed in this thesis. Ultrasonic particle sizing techniques have the potential for real time monitoring of the particle size distribution evolution in a stirred media mill. Hardware and software for ultrasonic measurement of the real time particle size distribution were developed during this project. The particle size distribution is determined by comparing the measured attenuation spectra with the prediction from an ultrasonic wave model and the size distribution adaptively fitted by minimizing the difference between the fitted and predicted spectra. Because no single model is valid for all particle size distributions and volume concentrations, the Hybrid© model is introduced in this work to automatically pick the best model depending on the suspension’s properties. Using the Hybrid© model, the instrument was validated for several suspensions and it gave excellent particle size distributions agreement with the reference particle size distributions. All instrument functions are controlled through a graphical user interface (GUI) software developed during this project. This will make it easy to transfer the findings of this project to other workers to use in their research. The ultrasonic instrument developed was used to monitor the particle size distributions in a stirred media mills using different milling conditions. Samples were taken for offline analysis using the Malvern Mastersizer and Zetasizer instruments to validate the measured size distributions. The mill was operated in circuit mode with the suspensions continuously circulated between a 2200 ml mixing tank and the 550 ml milling chamber of the mill. The experimental results showed that generally the particle sizes decreased with time during milling. The particle sizes in the milling tank are smaller compared to the particle sizes in the mixing tank. This observation agrees with the fact that particle grinding is only done in the milling chamber; therefore it can be concluded that particle breakage took place only in the milling chamber while mixing and aggregation were the main mechanisms responsible for particle size change in the mixing tank. The results show that the smaller the grinding media size higher the particle breakage rate due to increased shear generated by smaller grinding media as well as an increase in the grinding media number density as the media size reduces for the same grinding loading. The results also show that the particle breakage rate increases with increasing mill speed but final particle size distribution is independent of the mill speed. This shows that the breakage behaviour of the particles is not a function of the mill speed. The grinding media loading however have minimal effect on both the breakage rate and the final particle size distribution. One of the main factors limiting the application of population balance modelling to wet milling is the lack of a phenomenological breakage model for wet milling. In this work, a phenomenological breakage model linking the breakage rate to the process parameters is derived. A population balance model for the circuit mode was developed and validated in this work. The parameters of the population balance model were determined by adaptively minimizing the difference between the experimental size distribution and the size distribution predicted by the population balance model. The fitted parameters show that particle breakage rate increases with increasing mill speed. The number of daughter particles produced on breakage of a single particle decreases with increasing mill speed at low mill speed before increasing with increasing mill speed at higher mill speed. The degree of attrition of particles reduces with increasing the mill speed. The particle breakage rate decreases with increasing grinding media size. However, the breakage kernel power law exponent is higher for the higher grinding media size. The higher the grinding media size, the higher the number of particles produced per breakage event and the breakage behaviour changes from attrition to something more complex with the production of high proportion of small particles and little proportion of larger particles. The breakage rate increases with the increase in the grinding media loading but the daughter distribution function is independent of the grinding media loading.
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Akridis, Petros. "Coupled CFD-population balance modelling of soot formation in laminar and turbulent flames." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58251.

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In this thesis, a discretised Population Balance Equation (PBE) model is coupled with a detailed in-house Computational Fluid Dynamics code to study soot formation in axisymmetric diffusion flames with comprehensive gas-phase chemistries for C2H4 and CH4 fuels. The main aim of this study is to predict the complete Particle Size Distribution (PSD) of soot particles in turbulent non-premixed flames via a transported Probability Density Function approach. The PSD is obtained from the solution of the PBE without any prior assumption on its shape, using volume or diameter to describe the size of soot particles. However, due to a great number of uncertainties that appear from the turbulence interactions with chemistry, radiation and particle formation, the main objective is divided into smaller tasks where these complexities are avoided. Initially, the performance of the PBE is assessed under several numerical methods on an initial distribution-convection test, 0D reactors and 1D flamelet framework. The PBE has been originally discretised via a collocation type finite element method, and in the present work Finite Volume (FV) methods are used. The PBE with Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme demonstrates better performance. The FV-TVD PBE with suitable soot kinetics is employed in 2D laminar flames where overall good agreement is achieved for the velocity, temperature, mole fraction of C2H2 and OH species and the mean properties of PSD (i.e. total number density and soot volume fraction). However, the temperature and soot volume fraction profiles on the turbulent flames do not exhibit similar accuracy as the laminar flames and there is still room for improvement. The evolution of the PSD is computed for both flames in the entire flame region exhibiting weak bimodal distribution in some points. The performance of complex coupled phenomena in PBE modelling via soot kinetics, detailed chemistry, radiation and turbulence interactions is explored.
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Di, Veroli Giovanni Yohanan. "Stochastic modelling of particle formation in turbulent flows via transported population balance-PDF method." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515197.

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Particle formation in turbulent flows arises in a large range of industrial and environmental processes. Examples include the formation of soot particles in combustion engines, the production of nanoparticles via flame synthesis or liquid-phase reactors, or the evolution of aerosol particles in urban/non-urban environments. Simulations' can significantly improve the understanding and design/control of these processes but several difficulties arise when trying to model the underlying physics. These are mainly rooted in both the requirements of appropriate description of the particle's polydispersity and dynamics, as well as of the random fluctuations of the turbulence. In the preliminary part of this work, the turbulent effects on the particle's dynamics are discussed, showing how correlations of various orders appear in the main equation that describes them, the Population Balance Equation (PBE). The thesis elaborates a new approach for the simulation of particle formation in inhomogeneous turbulent flows, the PBE-PDF method, whose concept was recently introduced by [105]. An equation for the joint pdf of the number density and various scalars (such as the chemical species kinetically involved) is derived from fundamental equations that describe the class of considered problems. An algorithm for the numerical solution of the pdf equation is developed, based on Monte Carlo simulations. The method is discussed both at the level of the general concept of the stochastic simulations and at the level of the specific requirements of the PBE-PDF approach. The structure of the implementation is discussed in detail. Starting from empirical or theoretical kinetics, the PBE-PDF is applied to two different turbulent processes involving particle nucleation and growth. The first case considered involves the precipitation of barium sulphate crystals in a tubular reactor, while the second one involves dibutyl phthalate condensation in a free jet. For both cases the method allows for clear analysis and understanding of the particulate phase evolution, emphasis being put on the turbulent effects. Turbulence is found to have significant impact on the overall processes by spatially redistributing the intensity of the particles' mechanisms. Both processes were selected because previously studied experimentally [5][63], which allows the comparison of computed particles' size distribution with measured data. For the crystallization process the simulations' results can be directly compared, showing excellent agreements. Identified uncertainties in the experimental methods are discussed for the aerosol process, even if the computed distributions still show good agreement with the measured ones, particularly for intermediate molar fractions values.
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Menz, William Jefferson. "Stochastic modelling of silicon nanoparticle synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245146.

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This thesis presents new methods to study the aerosol synthesis of nano-particles and a new model to simulate the formation of silicon nanoparticles. Population balance modelling is used to model nanoparticle synthesis and a stochastic numerical method is used to solve the governing equations. The population balance models are coupled to chemical kinetic models and offer insight into the fundamental physiochemical processes leading to particle formation. The first method developed in this work is a new mathematical expression for calculating the rate of Brownian coagulation with stochastic weighted algorithms (SWAs). The new expression permits the solution of the population balance equations with SWAs using a computationally-efficient technique of majorant rates and fictitious jumps. Convergence properties and efficiency of the expression are evaluated using a detailed silica particle model. A sequential-modular algorithm is subsequently presented which solves networks of perfectly stirred reactors with a population balance model using the stochastic method. The algorithm is tested in some simple network configurations, which are used to identify methods through which error in the stochastic solution may be reduced. It is observed that SWAs are useful in preventing accumulation of error in reactor networks. A new model for silicon nanoparticle synthesis is developed. The model includes gas-phase reactions describing silane decomposition, and a detailed multivariate particle model which tracks particle structure and composition. Systematic parameter estimation is used to fit the model to experimental cases. Results indicated that the key challenge in modelling silicon systems is obtaining a correct description of the particle nucleation process. Finally, the silicon model is used in conjunction with the reactor network algorithm to simulate the start-up of a plug-flow reactor. The power of stochastic methods in resolving characteristics of a particle ensemble is highlighted by investigating the number, size, degree of sintering and polydispersity along the length of the reactor.
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Gimbun, Jolius. "Scale-up of gas-liquid stirred tanks using coupled computational fluid dynamics and population balance modelling." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11982.

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The main aim of the work was to produce scale-up methods for the design of aerated stirred tanks using a combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance approach. First a modeling study of single phase stirred tanks was performed to evaluate the best model features (turbulence model, impeller's model, discretisation, grid etc). Good agreement was obtained between the CFD simulation and the LDA measurement on the time-averaged mean velocities and turbulence quantities. The angle-resolved mean velocities and turbulence quantities were also predicted very well as were the power number and the positions of the vortex cores. The next stage involved the development of a population balance model (PBM) which was carried out first using a well-mixed single compartment implemented in MATLAB to reduce the modeling complexity. The algorithm was validated for various mechanisms, namely breakage, aggregation, nucleation and growth which have an analytical solution available from literature. Tests using realistic models for bubble coalescence and breakage were also carried out with the results showing a reasonable agreement with the Sauter mean bubble sizes obtained from empirical correlations. The algorithm also responded well to changes in the turbulence dissipation rate, the initial bubble size distribution and the local gas hold-up, which suggest that the final bubble size is not affected by the initial bubble size. A fully predictive model must combine both the fluid mechanics and bubble dynamics models which can be performed either by a four-way or three-way coupling simulation. The disadvantage of the latter is that is does not consider the effect of the bubble dynamics in- the two-phase modelling. A four-way coupling (CFD-PBM) method was carried out by implementing the PBM within the CFD code. Various drag models which take into account the effect of distorted bubbles and dense gas dispersion are also considered. Mass transfer models are also implemented using the bubble sizes obtained from the PBM. The CFD-PBM model showed a reasonable prediction of the power number, local bubble sizes, gas hold-up, dissolved oxygen concentration and the mean velocities of the two-phase flow in comparison to experimental data taken from the literature. Finally, the CFD-PBM model was employed to evaluate the consequences of scale-up on the mass transfer rate in aerated stirred tanks agitated either by Rushton turbine or CD-6 impeller with operating volume ranged from 14L to 1500L. Three scale-up rules, namely a constant P IV combined with either constant Fig, Vg and VVM were studied. The simulation results suggest, that a successful scale-up may be achieved by keeping the P IV and VVM constant, which led to a slightly higher (kLa) representing a more conservative approach. In contrast, constant P/V and Vg led to a slight reduction in the rate of mass transfer at larger scale which is in agreement with experimental measurement . from the literature. Results from the CFD-PBM simulation also suggest a similar scale-up rule may be applicable for an advanced gas dispersion impeller such as the CD-6 which yielded a similar scale-up trend to that of a Rushton turbine.
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GEMELLO, LUCA. "Modelling of the hydrodynamics of bubble columns using a two-fluid model coupled with a population balance approach." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2725552.

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La simulazione di colonne a bolle in condizioni industriali è un problema di grande rilevanza. L’obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è prevedere con modelli computazionali la dimensione delle bolle, legata alla fluidodinamica dei reattori, considerando i fenomeni di rottura e di coalescenza. La validazione del modello è effettuata tramite il confronto con dati sperimentali appositamente raccolti, tra cui la dimensione delle bolle, ottenuta con un’innovativa tecnica di cross-correlazione. Gli esperimenti effettuati con acqua parzialmente contaminata e con acqua demineralizzata con l’eventuale aggiunta di etanolo, mostrano che gli additivi riducono la coalescenza e diminuiscono la dimensione media delle bolle. Sono stati inoltre utilizzati negli esperimenti con due sparger diversi, per disaccoppiare lo studio di rottura e coalescenza. I dati sperimentali sono stati utilizzati per convalidare simulazioni CFD 3D transitorie Euleriane-Euleriane. Il modello per la forza di trascinamento è corretto da un fattore di swarm per considerare l’effetto delle interazioni tra le bolle. Sono stati testati diversi modelli di turbolenza, nonché il contributo delle bolle sulla miscelazione degli scalari. Per prevedere la dimensione delle bolle, è stato utilizzato un bilancio di popolazione risolto con il metodo di quadratura dei momenti. Nella presente tesi viene proposto un set di kernel di rottura e coalescenza per prevedere le dimensioni delle bolle in diverse condizioni operative, considerando anche gli effetti dello scale-up.
The simulation of bubble column reactors under industrial operating conditions is an exciting challenge. The main objective of this work is to predict the bubble size, in turn interconnected to the reactor hydrodynamic conditions, with computational models, by modelling bubble breakage and coalescence. Experimental data is collected for model validation, including bubble size measurements with an innovative cross-correlation technique. Experiments are carried out with tap water and demineralized water, with or without the addition of ethanol, and gathered results show that additives reduce coalescence and lower the mean bubble size. Two different spargers are used, in order to decouple the investigation of breakage and coalescence. The experimental data set is used to validate out unsteady three-dimensional Eulerian-Eulerian CFD simulations. A drag law for oblate bubbles is considered, together with a swarm factor, that accounts for the swarm effect. Several turbulence models are tested. The contribution of bubble induced turbulence (BIT) to scalar mixing is assessed. To predict bubble size, a population balance model is coupled to the hydrodynamic model and is solved with the quadrature method of moments. A set of breakage and coalescence kernels is proposed, capable of predicting the bubble size for different operating conditions. Scale-up effects are also investigated.
La simulation de réacteurs à bulles en régime industriel est un grand défi. L'objectif principal de ce travail est la prédiction de la taille des bulles à l’aide d’un modèle numérique de bilan de population, basé sur la modélisation des phénomènes de brisure et de coalescence, et pouvant être couplé aux conditions hydrodynamiques présentes dans les réacteurs. Différentes données expérimentales sont obtenues pour valider le modèle. La taille des bulles est mesurée à l'aide d'une technique innovante de corrélation croisée. Les essais, réalisés en eau du réseau (partiellement contaminée) et en eau déminéralisée avec ajout éventuel d'éthanol, montrent que les additifs réduisent la coalescence et diminuent la taille moyenne des bulles. Deux distributeurs du gaz différents sont utilisés pour découpler l'étude de la brisure et de la coalescence. Les données expérimentales sont utilisées initialement pour valider des simulations CFD 3D transitoires Eulériennes-Eulériennes. La loi de traînée est corrigée par un facteur de swarm pour intégrer l’effet d’une fraction de gaz élevée. Différents modèles de turbulence sont testés. La contribution de la turbulence induite par les sillages de bulles au mélange de scalaires est évaluée. Enfin, pour prédire la taille des bulles, un bilan de population est couplé au modèle hydrodynamique préalablement validé et est résolu par la méthode de quadrature des moments (QMOM). Un set original de kernels de brisure et coalescence est proposé, capable de prédire la taille des bulles pour différentes conditions opératoires. Le comportement du modèle lors de l’extrapolation des réacteurs est également examiné.
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Borsos, Akos. "Modelling and control of crystal purity, size and shape distributions in crystallization processes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25478.

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Crystallization is a key unit operation used for obtaining purified products by many process industries. The key properties of the crystalline products, such as size and shape distribution, purity and polymorphic form are controlled by the crystallization process. All these properties impact significantly the downstream operations such as drying or filtration. Therefore, monitoring and controlling this process is fundamental to ensure the quality of the final product. Process analytical technology (PAT) brings numerous new methods and opportunities in the process analytics and real time process monitoring systems, which can be integrated into the control algorithm and provide high level optimal control strategies as well as deeper understanding of the process. Process monitoring helps develop mathematical models which can, in one hand, help in better understanding the processes and consecvently the development and application of advanced control methods in order to achieve better product quality. In this work, image processing and image analysis based direct nucleation control (IA-DNC) is developed in order to investigate the evolution of the crystal properties, such as crystal size, and crystal shape distribution. The IA-DNC approach is also compared to alternative DNC techniques, in which particle number were measured by Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) in order to control crystal size. A control approach is introduced that control the nucleation and disappearance of crystals during cooling and heating segments related to the changes of the number of counts (measured by Particle Vision Measurment, so called PVM or combination of FBRM and PVM). The approach was applied to investigate crystallization of compounds with different behavior: potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) water, contaminated KDP -water and Ascorbic acid water systems. The results demonstrate the application of imaging technique for model-free feedback control for tailoring crystal product properties. The second main aim of the thesis is to investigate and control crystallization processes in impure media in the presence of multiple impurities, with an impact on the crystal shape via growth kinetics. The broad impact of the crystal growth modifiers (impurities) on the growth kinetics is observed in real time by using in situ video imaging probe and real-time image analysis. A morphological population balance model is developed, which incorporates a multi-site, competitive adsorption mechanism of the impurities on the crystal faces. The kinetic parameters of primary nucleation, growth and impurity adsorption for a model system of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystallization in water in the presence of two impurities, were estimated and validated with experimental results. It was demonstrated that the model can be used to describe the dynamic evolution of crystal properties, such as size and aspect ratio during crystallization for different impurity profiles in the system. Manual, feedback and hybrid feedback-feedforward control techniques are developed and investigated numerically for continuous processes, while model-based and model-free control approach for crystal shape are developed for batch processes. The developed morphological population balance model is implemented and applied in the model-based control approaches, which are suitable to describe multicomponent adsorption processes and their influence on the crystal shape. Case studies show the effectiveness of crystal growth modifiers based shape control techniques. Comparison of different control approaches shows the effectiveness of the techniques. The third part of the thesis deals with purification of crystals when adsorption of impurities on crystal surfaces and its incorporation into crystals are considered. A purification method, called competitive purity control (CPC) is proposed and investigated. A morphological population balance model, including nucleation, growth and competitive impurity adsorption kinetics is developed to describe the case when multiple impurities can adsorb competitively on the crystal surface. The model is also combined with liquid phase chemical reaction model, in order to investigate the purity control case when an additive is introduced in the system that reacts with the impurity forming a non-adsorbing reaction product. Both competitive purity control approaches proposed: the adsorption based competitive purity control (A-CPC) and the reaction based competitive purity control (R-CPC); are investigated using detailed numerical simulations then compared with the alternative widely used purification method, called recrystallization. In the last contribution chapter, an integrated process optimization of a continuous chemical reactor and crystallizer is performed and studied numerically. The purpose of this study is to show the way in which the byproduct produced in the chemical reactor may affect the crystallization process and how its negative effect can be reduced by applying integrated process optimization. Sensitivity analysis of the system was performed by considering the flow rate and the concentration of substances in the input stream of the chemical reactor as manipulated process variables. Model based integrated process optimization and the sensitivity analysis in order to obtain improved quality product in terms of crystal size, shape and purity.
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Books on the topic "Population balance modelling"

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Population balance modelling of a particulate dissolution-precipitation reaction sequence: Hydronium alunite synthesis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995.

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Modelling Batch Systems Using Population Balances. Bookboon, 2013.

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Modelling Batch Systems Using Population Balances. Bookboon, 2013.

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Modelling Batch Systems Using Population Balances. Bookboon.com, 2013.

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Modelling Batch Systems Using Population Balances. Bookboon.com, 2015.

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Modelling Batch Systems Using Population Balances. Bookboon, 2013.

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Simpson, Stephen J., Carlos Ribeiro, and Daniel González-Tokman. Feeding behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0008.

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Insects need to ingest nutrients at appropriate levels to attain a balanced diet and maximize fitness. They do so by integrated responses that involve physiological mechanisms for sensing current nutritional needs, releasing systemic signals, and producing specific appetites for key required nutrients. Historically, the study of insect feeding behavior was appreciated for its importance in the understanding and control of crop pests and disease vectors. However, current evidence has shown that some mechanisms regulating feeding are highly conserved in animals, from insects to humans, bringing additional interest in insects as models in medicine. The study of insect feeding behavior and nutrition has also given rise to an integrative modelling approach called the geometric framework for nutrition. This approach has proven useful beyond the insects, and allows the understanding of the impact of multiple nutrients on individuals and their interactions in populations, communities, and ecosystems.
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Book chapters on the topic "Population balance modelling"

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Tsantilis, Stavros. "Population balance modeling of synthesis of nanoparticles in aerosol flame reactors." In Multiscale Modelling and Simulation, 247–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18756-8_19.

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Narni, Nageswara Rao, Gerald Warnecke, Jitendra Kumar, Mirko Peglow, and Stefan Heinrich. "Some Modelling Aspects of Aggregation Kernels and the Aggregation Population Balance Equations." In Eco-friendly Computing and Communication Systems, 319–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32112-2_38.

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Cousins, Ian T., and Donald Mackay. "Multimedia Mass Balance Modelling of Two Phthalate Esters by the Regional Population-Based Model (RPM)." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 179–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b11466.

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Abberger, Thomas. "Chapter 24 Population balance modelling of granulation." In Handbook of Powder Technology, 1109–86. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-3785(07)80059-5.

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Otto, Eric, Robert Dürr, Mateusz Przywara, Dorota Antos, and Achim Kienle. "Population Balance Modelling of Pan Granulation Processes." In 31st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 965–70. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-88506-5.50149-2.

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"Population Balance Models and Discrete-Event Models." In Process Modelling and Simulation in Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 258–83. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17595-12.

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Engel, Philip, Benjamin Bonhage, Douglas Pernik, Roberto Rinaldi, Patrick Schmidt, Helene Wulfhorst, and Antje C. Spiess. "Population balance modelling of homogeneous and heterogeneous cellulose hydrolysis." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 1316–20. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-54298-4.50042-8.

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Szilágyi, Botond, Paul Şerban Agachi, Réka Barabás, and Béla G. Lakatos. "Coupled Population Balance-CFD Modelling of a Continuous Precipitation Reactor." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 187–92. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63456-6.50032-6.

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G., Bla. "Population Balance Model of Heat Transfer in Gas-Solid Processing Systems." In Heat Transfer - Mathematical Modelling, Numerical Methods and Information Technology. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/13569.

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Attarakih, Menwer, Samer Alzyod, and Armin Fricke. "Population balance modelling of pulsed packed bed extraction columns using PPBLab software." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 67–72. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63965-3.50013-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Population balance modelling"

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Vesjolaja, Ludmila, Bjørn Glemmestad, and Bernt Lie. "Population balance modelling for fertilizer granulation process." In The 59th Conference on imulation and Modelling (SIMS 59), 26-28 September 2018, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp1815395.

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Cheung, Sherman C. P., Xinyue Duan, Guan H. Yeoh, Jiyuan Tu, Eckhard Krepper, Dirk Lucas, Liejin Guo, et al. "Modelling of Polydispersed Flows using Two Population Balance Approaches." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPHASE FLOW, HEAT MASS TRANSFER AND ENERGY CONVERSION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3366467.

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"MULTI-SCALE APPROACH TO POPULATION BALANCE MODELLING OF DISPERSE SYSTEMS." In 1st International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003620701860191.

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Aly, Hossam Said Mohamed, Yehia Abdel Monem Ahmed Eldrainy, Tholudin Mat Lazim, and Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar. "Mathematical Modelling of Droplet Atomization Using the Population Balance Equation." In 2009 International Conference on Signal Processing Systems. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsps.2009.190.

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Colombo, M., and Michael Fairweather. "Modelling of bubbly two-phase flows using a population balance approach." In THMT-15. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.thmt-15.1350.

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Vikhansky, Alexander, J. C. B. Betancourt, N. Ratkovich, and I. Nopres. "Combined CFD-population balance modelling of sludge flocculation process in sedimentation tanks." In THMT-15. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.thmt-15.1220.

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Vesjolaja, Ludmila, Bernt Lie, and Bjørn Glemmestad. "Solving the population balance equation for granulation processes: particle layering and agglomeration." In SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2020, September 22-24, Virtual Conference, Finland. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp20176180.

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Vesjolaja, Ludmila, Bjørn Glemmestad, and Bernt Lie. "Application of population balance equation for continuous granulation process in spherodizers and rotary drums." In SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2020, September 22-24, Virtual Conference, Finland. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp20176172.

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Mueller, Daniel, Andreas Bueck, and Evangelos Tsotsas. "Heat and mass transfer modelling of continuous Wurster-spray-granulation with external product classification." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7269.

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Wurster granulation with external product classification can be used for stable continuous coating or layering processes. It has been ascertained from recent population balance simulations that the ratio of the spray rate to the nuclei feed rate can be used to control the thickness of the sprayed product layer. However, thermal conditions are not considered by population balances regarding the particle size as distributed property. For this reason, heat and mass transfer is investigated in the present contribution by modelling of several subprocesses. The results can be used to discuss the cause of fluidized bed destabilization due to over-wetting. Keywords: continuous operation; Wurster fluidized bed; spray granulation; spray limits; heat and mass transfer
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Choi, ByungIn, Moon Sik Jeong, and Kun Sang Lee. "Numerical Modelling on Dynamic Adsorption of Viscoelastic Polymer in Near Wellbore Conditions by Population Balance Method." In SPE Asia Pacific Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174582-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Population balance modelling"

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Carver, C., N. A. Chipman, and T. E. Carleson. Modelling the unsteady growth state population balance for a nonlinear growth model in an MSMPR crystallizer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/164923.

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