Journal articles on the topic 'Poor soil'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Poor soil.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Poor soil.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bestland, Erick A., and Matthew S. Forbes. "Evidence for biocycling from Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca, and 87Sr/86Sr in soils (Red Brown Earths) from South Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 2 (2009): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08026.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of elemental cycling and biological fractionation in the soil–vegetation system was investigated for 6 Red Brown Earth soil profiles (Xeralfs and Xerults) from South Australia by comparing geochemical and 87Sr/86Sr data from bulk soils, soil exchange pool, and vegetation (grapes). In all 6 soil profiles from 3 different sites, Ba/Ca ratios of vegetation, soil exchange pool, and bulk soils were found to be a more robust biological fractionation indicator than Sr/Ca ratios. In the base-poor soils of the Coonawarra–Padthaway area of South Australia, the degree of weathering of soil material, as estimated by titania and alumina contents, correlated very well with the biological fractionation indicator Ba/Ca. Soil horizons with greater clay and titania content also had higher degrees of biological fractionation. Similar Red Brown Earth soils 400 km north in the Clare Valley showed either no, or poor, biological fractionation signature in their bulk soil. The Clare Valley soils have a stronger colluvial component and are richer in base cations than the Coonawarra and Padthaway sites. The main source of bulk soil material in the base-poor soils of the Coonawarra–Padthaway areas is dust, which has greatly influenced the base cation concentration, Ba/Ca ratios, and the strontium isotope ratios. Soils from Clare Valley, by comparison, are less intensely weathered and are thus not as dependent on dust and biocycling for their base cations. Biological fractionation has not left a discernible signature on the composition of the bulk soil. The exchange pools at all 3 sites are dominated by wetfall–dryfall sources, which in this coastal area are dominated by marine sources. For the base-poor soils of the Coonawarra–Padthaway area, the most likely major source of aeolian detritus is Murray River mud. The fine-grained component of this mud, with its organic matter content, relatively high base cation concentrations, and low strontium isotope ratios (Douglas et al. 1995) appears to have overwhelmed other dust sources and caused a homogenisation of the geochemical signature of fine-grained bulk soils in this area. Subsequent in situ weathering and neoformation following dust deposition were strongly influenced by exchange phase concentrations and ratios and resulted in an enhanced biological fractionation signature of the soils.
2
Stapelberg, F. D. J. "Case study in the Northern Cape (Loopeng area), South Africa, confirming occurrence of a collapsible sand soil structure in transported soils." South African Journal of Geology 125, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.125.0014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Testing was performed on transported soils belonging to recently deposited sandy-silty soil deposits occurring in and around Loopeng Village, Northern Cape Province, South Africa, in order to determine the occurrence and order of magnitude of a collapsible sand soil structure. Various empirical geotechnical characteristics including: in situ soil profile structure description, particle grading curve and clay content, soil classification, soil density and void ratio were compared to collapse potential values determined with oedometer testing, in order to judge the success with which the empirical characteristics can be utilised to predict the occurrence of a collapsible soil structure. From the results it is clear that a collapsible sand structure exists in the transported soils (both aeolian and fine alluvial) and that the empirical descriptors mostly correctly indicate the occurrence of the particular soil structure when compared to existing studies on collapsible sands. The one descriptor which reflects a relatively poor prediction of a collapsible soil structure, namely the in situ soil profile structure description, is considered to be a poor indicator due to erroneous or poor in situ soil structure observations. These poor observations result from unfavourable local conditions namely dry, dusty soil conditions and very brief intact standup time of test pit side walls.
3
Abdullah, Waleed R., and Sali Nabeel Jabrou. "Improving Ionic Exchange Process of Potassium in Poor Soils by Bentonite." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 961, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012098.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The current study was carried out to improve ionic exchange for potassium in sandy and gypsiferous soils to obtain an increase in absorption of potassium ions in NPK fertilizers, the improving process includes two stages; The first is adding NPK fertilizer with concentrations (0.020%, 0.040%, and 0.070%) by weight for two samples, the exchange potassium concentration was measured and notice the increasing from 124 ppm to 140 ppm in sandy soil and from156 ppm to 180 ppm in gypsiferous soil when using the highest concentration (0.070%), the second stage included adding grinded bentonite ore (10%, 20%,30%) by weight to the two samples after treated with NPK fertilizer in same concentrations above, potassium exchange increased to 340 ppm in sandy soil and to 450 ppm in gypsiferous soil by using NPK fertilizer and bentonite ore concentrate (0.070% & 30%) respectively.
4
Lee, Jong-Mun, Do-Gyun Park, Seong-Su Kang, Eun-Jung Choi, Hyo-Suk Gwon, Hyoung-Seok Lee, and Sun-Il Lee. "Short-Term Effect of Biochar on Soil Organic Carbon Improvement and Nitrous Oxide Emission Reduction According to Different Soil Characteristics in Agricultural Land: A Laboratory Experiment." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081879.
Full textAbstract:
Biochar application has been considered as a promising solution to address the effects of modern agriculture on climate change. However, there is a lack of research on the biochar application of greenhouse gas emissions based on poor soils in Korean agricultural land. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar application according to different soil characteristics on soil organic carbon (SOC) improvement and greenhouse gas reduction. The incubation experiments were conducted for 49 days and used different feedstock (barley straw and poultry manure) and biochar application rates (0, 5, 10, and 20-ton ha−1) in four soil characteristics (upland, U; greenhouse, G; converted land, C; reclaimed land, R). The results of this study showed that the SOC increased significantly in all soils after biochar application. The increasing SOC rate was the highest in poor soil. Biochar 20-ton ha−1 treatment significantly reduced N2O emissions by 33.2% compared with the control. Barley straw biochar significantly reduced N2O emissions from all soils. Barley straw biochar decreased approximately 74.5% of N2O emissions compared with poultry manure biochar. Poultry manure biochar improved SOC and reduced N2O emissions in poor soil. However, in poultry manure biochar treatment in U and G soil, N2O emissions increased. In conclusion, barley straw biochar application was found to suppress N2O emissions and improve the SOC in all soil characteristics of agricultural land. In addition, the soil carbon storage effect and N2O reduction effect of biochar were the highest in poor soil. Thus, the biochar application can be a potential agricultural practice for improving soil quality and decreasing N2O emissions in domestic agricultural soil.
5
Wu, Shenglan, Hongdong Jie, and Yucheng Jie. "Role of Rhizosphere Soil Microbes in Adapting Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) Plants to Poor Soil Conditions through N-Fixing and P-Solubilization." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112096.
Full textAbstract:
The N-fixing and P-solubilization functions of soil microbes play a vital role in plant adaptation to nutrient-deficiency conditions. However, their exact roles toward the adaptation of ramie to poor soil conditions are still not clear. To fill this research gap, the N-fixing and P-solubilization efficiencies of soils derived from the rhizosphere of several ramie genotypes with different levels of poor soil tolerance were compared. Correlations between the N-fixing, P-solubilization efficiency, and the poor soil tolerable index were analyzed to quantify their contributions towards the adaptation of ramie plants to poor soil conditions. To explore how the microorganisms affected the potential of N-fixing/P-solubilization, the activities of the nutrients related the soil enzymes were also tested and compared. The results of this study confirm the existence of N-fixing and P-solubilization bacteria in the ramie rhizosphere of the soil. The number of N-fixing bacteria varied from 3010.00 to 46,150.00 c.f.u. per gram dry soil for the ramie treatment, while it was only 110.00 c.f.u. per gram dry soil for treatment without ramie cultivation. The average P-solubilization efficiency of ramie treatment was almost five times higher than that of the control soil (0.65 vs. 0.13 mg mL−1). The significant correlations between the poor soil tolerance index and the N-fixing bacteria number (r = 0.829)/nitrogenase activity (r = 0.899) suggest the significantly positive role of N-fixing function in the adaptation of ramie plants to poor soil. This is also true for P-solubilization, as indicated by the significant positively correlation coefficients between the ramie poor soil tolerance index and P-solubilization efficiency (0.919)/acid phosphatase activity (0.846). These characteristics would accelerate the application of “holobiont” breeding for improving ramie nutrient use efficiency.
6
WITCOVER, JULIE, STEPHEN A. VOSTI, CHANTAL LINE CARPENTIER, and TÂMARA CLÁUDIA DE ARAÚJO GOMES. "Impacts of soil quality differences on deforestation, use of cleared land, and farm income." Environment and Development Economics 11, no. 3 (May 17, 2006): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0600283x.
Full textAbstract:
Preparing regional development strategies for the Amazon Basin is a vexing task for policymakers. Forests continue to fall and agriculture to move in to a region with patchy (in terms of agronomic potential) yet broadly nutrient-poor soils. The spatial distribution of soil types is not well mapped at finer scales relevant for agriculture. There is, moreover, little evidence about how farm land use or farm household welfare varies by soil quality in this frontier setting. Despite these information gaps, regional planners continue to use soils as a basis for policy action, some of which may influence future options for the Amazon. This paper uses a farm-level bioeconomic model that captures soil-quality-specific degrading effects of agricultural activities to assess the impacts of soil quality differences on deforestation, use of cleared land, and smallholder income in the western Brazilian Amazon. Focusing on an archetypical area farm with reasonable market access but limited access to labor and credit, simulations show soil quality mattered more for income than for deforestation or land use, although extremely cash-strapped farmers on poor-quality soils could face displacement. Pasture dominated farm land use across all soil types as farm forest disappeared within a generation on successfully established farms. Good- and (viable) poor-soil farms had slightly slower deforestation rates than their medium-soil counterparts – rich-soil farms shifting small amounts of area (and labor) to the more nutrient- and labor-intensive annuals, and (even viable) poor-soil farms lacking sufficient resources to clear and farm additional land. Farms with good soils could generate about 44 per cent more income than their viable poor-soil counterparts, but the lower-income level still surpassed thresholds for meeting food security and other needs. At no combination of income level and soil quality explored did the (simulated) farmer find it worthwhile to purchase and apply chemical fertilizer; nutrients came instead from secondary forest fallow, whose area rose or fell in step with annual cropping area. The implications of these results for land-use zoning, forest conservation, poverty alleviation, and other policies are discussed.
7
White, PF, and AD Robson. "Poor soil aeration or excess soil CaCO3 induces Fe deficiency in lupins." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 1 (1989): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890075.
Full textAbstract:
The poor growth and chlorosis suffered by lupins when grown on fine-textured alkaline soils appears primarily related to Fe deficiency which is affected by the level of HCO3-; and CaCO3 in the soil.Plants of Lupinus angustifolius were grown on an alkaline, sandy clay loam which was either acidified or limed. Additionally, plants received either adequate water (field capacity) or excess water to adjust the aeration of the soil.Plant growth was closely related to the concentration of Fe within the young leaves. Liming the soil or watering above field capacity reduced the Fe concentrations in shoots, induced chlorosis and reduced growth. Chlorosis and reduced growth was not caused by Mn deficiency, even though treatments that reduced growth also reduced Mn concentrations in shoots.The lime chlorosis disorder in lupins therefore is primarily caused by an inability of the plants to obtain Fe in calcareous soils and not caused by Mn deficiency or by inactivation of Fe within the shoots.
8
Courtin, P. J., K. Klinka, M. C. Feller, and J. P. Demaerschalk. "An approach to quantitative classification of nutrient regimes of forest soils." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-360.
Full textAbstract:
Many workers have classified nutrient regimes of forest soils, but there have been few attempts to provide an objective means of defining soil nutrient regimes. This objective was accomplished in the present study by numerical analysis conducted on 195 soil samples of vegetation and soils from coastal British Columbia. The differentiating characteristics used in the classification were pH (H2O) and the C/N ratio of the humus forms; and total soil nitrogen (kg/ha) and sum of exchangeable calcium, magnesium, and potassium (kg/ha) within the soil rooting zone. Numerical analysis distinguished seven soil groups. These groups were related to the floristic composition of understory vegetation and to forest productivity as indicated by site index. These vegetation – soil relationships were then used to assign the soil groups into five soil nutrient regime classes: very poor, poor, medium, rich, and very rich.
9
Chan, KY, JA Mead, WP Roberts, and PTW Wong. "The effect of soil compaction and fumigation on poor early growth of wheat under direct drilling." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890221.
Full textAbstract:
Poor early growth of wheat was studied in a tillage experiment at Cowra, N.S.W., in the 1986 season to determine the involvement of soil physical and biological factors in this problem. A compaction treatment to achieve bulk density and shear strength comparable with those detected in the direct-drilled soils was imposed on the conventionally cultivated soil. Soil fumigation was used to investigate the significance of biological factors in causing poor early growth. In the absence of fumigation, the dry weight per plant 98 days after sowing for the direct-drill treatments was approximately a third of the conventional treatment. The fumigation treatment was effective in completely eliminating the poor early growth observed in the direct-drilled soils. No significant reduction in shoot growth was detected as a consequence of the compaction treatment, despite a reduction in root growth to the level detected in the nil fallow. The results suggest that poor early growth was caused by micro-organisms present in the direct-drilled soils.
10
Gleason, Sean M., Jennifer Read, and Adrian Ares. "Biomass allocation and phosphorus economics of rain-forest seedlings: effects of fertilization and radiation on soil specialists and soil generalists." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000660.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:Concurrent nutrient and radiation limitation in forests may engender trade-offs between P-use and radiation-use efficiency in tree species. To quantify these trade-offs, structural and physiological traits were examined among five rain-forest species subjected to four levels of fertilization and two levels of radiation in a glasshouse experiment. Schist specialists,Cryptocarya lividulaandCeratopetalum virchowii, occur only on P-poor schist soils, whereas soil generalists,Cryptocarya mackinnoniana,Franciscodendron laurifoliumandMyristica insipida, occur on both P-poor schist and P-rich basalt soils. Wild seedlings less than 20 cm tall and 1 y old were collected from field sites, treated with fungicide, sorted into treatments (48 plants per species), and grown for 11 mo. We hypothesized that soil specialists would possess mainly non-plastic traits conferring high P-use efficiency, whereas soil generalists would possess markedly plastic traits conferring high radiation capture and use, enabling them to outcompete specialists on P-rich soils. Only generalistC. mackinnonianaand specialistC. virchowiisupported these hypotheses.Cryptocarya mackinnonianahad more plastic root mass fraction, leaf area ratio, P uptake, and higher C assimilation thanC. virchowii, which resulted in greater relative growth rates in high P treatments, but lower P-use efficiency in low P treatments. In contrast, specialistC. lividulademonstrated similar trait plasticity asC. mackinnoniana, suggesting that plasticity in these traits may be poor indicators of fitness on P-poor soils.
11
VÁSQUEZ-ARÉVALO, Francisco A., Ricardo ZÁRATE-GÓMEZ, Jacob B. SOCOLAR, Juan DÍAZ-ALVÁN, and Pedro E. PÉREZ-PEÑA. "First record of the gray-legged tinamou, Crypturellus duidae, and other poor-soil specialist birds from peatlands in the Putumayo River basin, Loreto, Peru." Acta Amazonica 50, no. 2 (June 2020): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201901531.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Crypturellus duidae (Tinamidae) is a poor-soil specialist with isolated populations in Amazonia, and is considered restricted to white-sand forest habitats. We report the first record of C. duidae in a peatland forest in northern Peru, in the Putumayo River basin. Our record extends the known distribution of C. duidae between two disjoint areas of occurrence in Peru and Colombia, and shows its presence in peatland forest, another forest type on nutrient-poor soils. Additionally, we report the presence of other poor-soil specialist bird species that were previously registered in peatlands. Together with the new record of C. duidae, these bird records provide evidence of the diversity of poor-soil specialists in peatland forests.
12
Crane, Jonathan H., and Frederick S. Davies. "Flooding Responses of Vaccinium Species." HortScience 24, no. 2 (April 1989): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.2.203.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Flooding damage causes millions of dollars in losses to horticultural crops every year. Plantings established on sites with poor drainage and/or an impervious soil layer may flood periodically after heavy rainfall or excessive irrigation. Planting sites with lowlying areas or where site preparation is inadequate for drainage of excess water add to the problem. Poor soil aeration associated with flooding may induce numerous soil and plant changes that adversely affect plant survival, growth, development, and yield. Organic and inorganic soil toxins may accumulate in flooded soils, adversely affecting plant metabolism and physiology.
13
Simfukwe, P., P. W. Hill, B. A. Emmett, and D. L. Jones. "Soil classification provides a poor indicator of carbon turnover rates in soil." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43, no. 8 (August 2011): 1688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.014.
Full text
14
Cao, Ting, Jun Meng, Hao Liang, Xu Yang, and Wenfu Chen. "Can biochar provide ammonium and nitrate to poor soils?: Soil column incubation." Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, ahead (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162017005000020.
Full text
15
Obour, Peter Bilson, Frederick Asankom Dadzie, Emmanuel Arthur, Lars J. Munkholm, Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba, Gitte H. Rubæk, and Kwadwo Owusu. "Integration of farmers’ knowledge and science-based assessment of soil quality for peri-urban vegetable production in Ghana." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000340.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study, based on vegetable production fields, combined soil quality assessed by three approaches (qualitatively by farmers, semi-quantitatively by a researcher and quantitatively by laboratory analyses) with the aim of improving the integration of the different approaches. We interviewed 79 peri-urban vegetable growers in two communities within the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana. Eight of the farmers were selected to participate in the farmer-based assessment of soil quality. Further, visual evaluation of soil quality was conducted by the researcher, followed by laboratory analyses of soil properties to corroborate the farmers’ assessment of good and poor soils in their fields. Results showed that the farmers used locally-defined characteristics to describe the physical, biological and crop performance indicators of soil quality. There was, in general, limited use and understanding of soil chemical properties as indicators of soil quality. The farmers’ perception on soil quality of their fields largely influenced their decision on the type of crops they cultivate, and application regimes of mineral fertilizers. Results from the visual evaluation by the researcher agreed in some respects with the farmers’ assessment of soil quality of the good and poor soils in their respective farms. Laboratory analyses did not show specific trends for the content of chemical properties for neither good nor poor soils. The study highlighted that none of the approaches of soil quality assessment is necessarily superior in and of itself. We emphasized the need for integration to capitalize on the strengths of each approach, enhance mutual learning between farmers and soil scientists, build the capacity of farmers, and improve their decision on soil use for agricultural production.
16
Dawar, Khadim, Ahtesham Khan, Ishaq Ahmad Mian, Bushra Khan, Shamsher Ali, Sagheer Ahmad, Piotr Szulc, et al. "Maize productivity and soil nutrients variations by the application of vermicompost and biochar." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): e0267483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267483.
Full textAbstract:
Poor soil organic matter is one of the major causes of the deterioration of soil health. Most soils fertility is also decreased when enough organic carbon is not present in the soil. Maize is most susceptible to this poor soil fertility status. A significant amount of maize growth and yield is lost when it is cultivated in low organic matter and poor fertility soil. To overcome this issue organic amendments can play an imperative role. Biochar and vermicompost are organic amendments that can not only improve organic residues but also increase soil nutrient concentration. The current experiment was conducted to explore the sole and combined application of both organic amendments with recommended NPK fertilizer. Four treatments were tested i.e., control, biochar (BC1), vermicompost (VC1) and VC1+BC1 with and without nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the experiment. Results showed that VC1+BC1+NPK performed significantly best for improvement in maize plant height (6.25 and 3.00%), 1000 grains weight (30.48 and 29.40%), biological yield (18.86 and 43.12%) and grains yield (30.58 and 39.59%) compared to BC0+VC0+NPK and control respectively. A significant improvement in soil N, P and K also validated the efficacious role of VC1+BC1+NPK over BC0+VC0+NPK and control. Treatment VC1+BC1+NPK is recommended for the achievement of better maize growth and yield in poor organic matter soils. More investigations are suggested in variable climatic conditions to declare VC1+BC1+NPK as the best amendment compared to control for enhancing soil N, P and K status as well as maize productivity.
17
Vonk, Wytse J., Martin K. van Ittersum, Pytrik Reidsma, Laura Zavattaro, Luca Bechini, Gema Guzmán, Annette Pronk, et al. "European survey shows poor association between soil organic matter and crop yields." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 118, no. 3 (November 4, 2020): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-020-10098-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA number of policies proposed to increase soil organic matter (SOM) content in agricultural land as a carbon sink and to enhance soil fertility. Relations between SOM content and crop yields however remain uncertain. In a recent farm survey across six European countries, farmers reported both their crop yields and their SOM content. For four widely grown crops (wheat, grain maize, sugar beet and potato), correlations were explored between reported crop yields and SOM content (N = 1264). To explain observed variability, climate, soil texture, slope, tillage intensity, fertilisation and irrigation were added as co-variables in a linear regression model. No consistent correlations were observed for any of the crop types. For wheat, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between SOM and crop yields in the Continental climate, with yields being on average 263 ± 4 (95% CI) kg ha−1 higher on soils with one percentage point more SOM. In the Atlantic climate, a significant negative correlation was observed for wheat, with yields being on average 75 ± 2 (95%CI) kg ha−1 lower on soils with one percentage point more SOM (p < 0.05). For sugar beet, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between SOM and crop yields was suggested for all climate zones, but this depended on a number of relatively low yield observations. For potatoes and maize, no significant correlations were observed between SOM content and crop yields. These findings indicate the need for a diversified strategy across soil types, crops and climates when seeking farmers’ support to increase SOM.
18
Chan, KY, and JA Mead. "Tillage-induced differences in the growth and distribution of wheat-roots." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920019.
Full textAbstract:
Root growth and distribution of wheat under different tillage practices was studied in a 4-year-old tillage experimental site at Cowra, N.S.W. Tillage affected root density as well as distribution. Up to 98 days after sowing, root length density was lower (P < 0.05) in the 0.05-0.10 m layer of the direct-drilled soil than the conventionally cultivated soil. Poor root growth found in direct-drilled soils, which was significantly related to the poor shoot growth, was not caused by soil physical conditions, viz. higher bulk density and soil strength. Rather, biological factors were involved because fumigation completely eliminated the poor shoot growth and significantly increased root length density of the direct drilled soils. Compared to a compaction treatment, roots grown under direct drilling, in addition to having lower density, also had impaired function. Under conventional cultivation, significantly lower root length density was found in the surface soil layer (0-0.05 m) and maximum root length density was found in the 0-05-0.10 m layer. Fumigation did not change the root distribution pattern. This tillage-induced difference in root distribution reflected less favourable surface soil conditions as a result of cultivation, e.g. seedbed slumping, compared to the soil under direct drilling.
19
Kimetu, Joseph M., and Johannes Lehmann. "Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents." Soil Research 48, no. 7 (2010): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10036.
Full textAbstract:
Due to its recalcitrance against microbial degradation, biochar is very stable in soil compared to other organic matter additions, making its application to soils a suitable approach for the build-up of soil organic carbon (SOC). The net effects of such biochar addition also depend on its interactions with existing organic matter in soils. A study was established to investigate how the status of pre-existing soil organic matter influences biochar stabilisation in soil in comparison to labile organic additions. Carbon loss was greater in the C-rich sites (C content 58.0 g C/kg) than C-poor soils (C content 21.0–24.0 g C/kg), regardless of the quality of the applied organic resource. Biochar-applied, C-rich soil showed greater C losses, by >0.5 kg/m2.year, than biochar-applied C-poor soil, whereas the difference was only 0.1 kg/m2.year with Tithonia diversifolia green manure. Biochar application reduced the rate of CO2-C loss by 27%, and T. diversifolia increased CO2-C losses by 22% in the C-poor soils. With biochar application, a greater proportion of C (6.8 times) was found in the intra-aggregate fraction per unit C respired than with green manure, indicating a more efficient stabilisation in addition to the chemical recalcitrance of biochar. In SOC-poor soils, biochar application enriched aromatic-C, carboxyl-C, and traces of ketones and esters mainly in unprotected organic matter and within aggregates, as determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In contrast, additions of T. diversifolia biomass enriched conjugated carbonyl-C such as ketones and quinones, as well as CH deformations of aliphatic-C mainly in the intra-aggregate fraction. The data indicate that not only the stability but also the stabilisation of biochar exceeds that of a labile organic matter addition such as green manure.
20
Rengasamy, P., and KA Olsson. "Sodicity and soil structure." Soil Research 29, no. 6 (1991): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910935.
Full textAbstract:
Sodic soils are widespread in Australia reflecting the predominance of sodium chloride in groundwaters and soil solutions. Sodic soils are subject to severe structural degradation and restrict plant performance through poor soil-water and soil-air relations. Sodicity is shown to be a latent problem in saline-sodic soils where deleterious effects are evident only after leaching profiles free of salts. A classification of sodic soils based on sodium adsorption ratio, pH and electrolyte conductivity is outlined. Current understanding of the processes and the component mechanisms of sodic soil behaviour are integrated to form the necessary bases for practical solutions in the long term and to define areas for research. The principles of organic and biological amelioration of sodicity, as alternatives to costly inorganic amendments, are discussed.
21
Miegroet, H. Van, D. W. Johnson, and D. W. Cole. "Soil nitrification as affected by N fertility and changes in forest floor C/N ratio in four forest soils." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-135.
Full textAbstract:
Potential and actual nitrification were compared between a high and low N fertility Inceptisol in Washington State and between two Tennessee Ultisols to investigate the effect of soil N status and changes in forest floor C/N ratio on NO3-N production. Soil and soil solution data were collected (i) prior to treatment, (ii) after doubling the forest floor C/N ratio with sawdust, and (iii) after doubling the forest floor N content by adding urea N to each of the four forest types. Nitrate N production during aerobic soil incubation before and 1 year after treatment demonstrated significantly higher nitrification capacity of the N-rich Washington soil under alder, the stimulatory effect of N addition, and the suppressing effect of C on nitrification. Our study also indicated that the N fertility status was not as different between the Tennessee soils as originally assumed, that both soils in fact behaved similarly to the N-poor Washingon soil, and that these three soils should be considered in the same category of low N fertility sites. Nitrate concentrations in soil and soil solution samples collected in the field generally agreed with the laboratory findings, but differences in NO3− leaching between the untreated soils and between treatments were often less pronounced. Soil solution NO3− concentrations were <0.01 mmol/L in the two Tennessee soils and the N-poor Washington soil, and differed little between them. In soil that was N enriched by N-fixing alder, the average NO3− solution concentration was 0.4 mmol/L. Spring application of urea N caused an immediate and significant increase in NO3− solution concentration in all four soils, but the treatment effect subsided by the end of the 2nd year in all cases. Adding C to the forest floor did not further reduce already low NO3− solution levels in the two Tennessee soils and the N-poor Washington soil. This treatment did not cause a prolonged reduction in NO3− leaching from the N-rich Washington soil, and it was speculated that this was due to belowground N addition from the root system of the N-fixing alder at this site.
22
Klinka, Karel, Gordon J. Kayahara, and Qingli Wang. "Quantitative characterization of nutrient regimes in some boreal forest soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-004.
Full textAbstract:
In order to assess to what extent soil nutrient properties support differentiation of field-identified soil nutrient regimes, composite samples from each forest floor and 0–30 cm of the mineral soil were collected from 116 forest stands in central British Columbia. The samples were analyzed for acidity, total carbon (tC), total nitrogen (tN), mineralizable-N (min-N), and extractable Ca, Mg, K, P, and SO4-S (eCa, eMg, eK, eP, eSO4); and the results were expressed as concentrations on a dry-mass basis. Mineralizable-N of the mineral soil showed (1) the largest amount of variation in the population of sampled soils, (2) significant differences (P < 0.01) among field-identified soil nutrient regimes, and (3) strong correlations with tC, tN, and eCa, eMg, and eK. Using mineral soil min-N as a differentiating characteristic, the following limiting values (mg kg−1) were proposed to provide an objective means of defining soil nutrient regimes: < 2 for very poor, 2–8.9 for poor, 9–27.4 for medium, 27.5–110 for rich, and > 110 for very rich. Site index (height at 50 yr breast height age) of lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud) and interior spruce [Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann × P. glauca (Moench) Voss] increased from very poor to very rich soils; however, the differences among site indices of contiguous soil nutrient regimes were largely insignificant. Regression analysis indicated that (1) soil moisture accounts for the largest proportion of the variation in site index, (2) models using C:N ratio of the forest floor and 0–30 cm of the mineral soil had a stronger relationship with site index (0.38 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.43, standard error < 3.0 m) than those using min-N. These results gave further evidence that min-N in the 0–30 mineral soil is a good single measure representing soil nutrient conditions, and justify the use of the existing field procedure for estimating soil nutrient regimes in montane boreal soils. Key words: Boreal soils, soil nutrient regime, quantitative classification, mineralizable-N, site index
23
Ylivainio, Kari, and Tommi Peltovuori. "Phosphorus acquisition by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at suboptimal soil temperature." Agricultural and Food Science 21, no. 4 (December 18, 2012): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.6389.
Full textAbstract:
We studied the effects of soil temperature (8 ºC and 15 ºC) on barley growth, barley phosphorus (P) uptake and soil P solubility. Barley was grown in a pot experiment in two soils with different P fertilization histories for 22 years. The availability of P was estimated by using 33P-labeled fertilizer and calculating L-values. After cultivation for 22 years at ambient soil temperature without P fertilization (-P), soil L-value had decreased compared to soil that received annual P fertilization (P+). Low soil temperature further reduced the L-values, more in the -P soil than in the +P soil. Our results demonstrated that P fertilization can only partially ameliorate poor growth at low soil temperatures. Thus, applying ample fertilization to compensate for poor growth at low soil temperatures would increase the P content and solubility in the soil, but plant uptake would remain inhibited by cold.
24
van Mansvelt, Jan Diek, Paul C. Struik, Arie Bos, Willem Daub, Diederick Sprangers, Mara van den Berg, Marieke Vingerhoets, and Kees Zoeteman. "Changing Ground: Handling Tensions between Production Ethics and Environmental Ethics of Agricultural Soils." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 13291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313291.
Full textAbstract:
Soils are an essential element in sustainable food systems and vital for ecosystem services. Soils are degrading, because of urbanization, poor soil management, depletion and mining, over-use of inputs and impacts of climate change. Poor soil management resulted from short-term yield maximization caused by changes in land tenure, property rights and land use. We argue for soil protection based on the concept of soil telos defined as the combined purposefulness in agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem optimization. It includes the right of mankind to use soils, provided norms and values are respected based on the soil’s usefulness, its natural purposefulness and its right to be protected (including its physical, chemical and biological cycles). Finding a sustainable balance between these values and rights on the one hand and the need to use living soils for agricultural production on the other hand requires a new approach to soil management based on widely accepted norm- and value-driven decisions on unavoidable trade-offs. Reconciling man-made telos and natural telos, requires (i) empowering the soil to achieve its man-made telos (e.g., by restoring degraded soils); (ii) empowering the soil to achieve its natural telos (e.g., by restoring water courses); (iii) raising awareness about the need to reconcile these two teloi (e.g., by acknowledging rights of soils); and (iv) monitoring tools to assess successful reconciliation (e.g., by evaluating soil health).
25
AbdelRahman, Mohamed A. E., Mohamed M. Metwaly, Ahmed A. Afifi, Paola D’Antonio, and Antonio Scopa. "Assessment of Soil Fertility Status under Soil Degradation Rate Using Geomatics in West Nile Delta." Land 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081256.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of a noticeable rate of degradation in the land of the Nile Delta reduces the efficiency of crop production and hinders supply of the increasing demand of its growing population. For this purpose, knowledge of soil resources and their agricultural potential is important for determining their proper use and appropriate management. Thus, we investigated the state of soil fertility by understanding the effect of the physical and chemical properties of the soil and their impact on the state of land degradation for the years 1985, 2002 (ancillary data), and 2021 (our investigation). The study showed that there are clear changes in the degree of soil salinity as a result of agricultural management, water conditions, and climatic changes. The soil fertility is obtained in four classes: Class one (I) represents soils of a good fertility level with an area of about 39%. Class two (II) includes soils of an average fertility level, on an area of about 7%. Class three (III) includes soils with a poor level of fertility, with an area of about 17%. Class four (IV) includes soils of a very poor level of fertility with an area of about 37% of the total area. Principal component analysis (PCA) has revealed that the parameters that control fertility in the studied soils are: C/N, pH, Ca, CEC, OM, P, and Mg. Agro-pedo-ecological units are important units for making appropriate agricultural decisions in the long term, which contribute to improving soil quality and thus increasing the efficiency of soil fertility processes.
26
Aranyos, Tibor, Lajos Blaskó, Attila Tomócsik, and Marianna Makádi. "The effect of compost application on physical properties of sandy soil." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 51 (February 10, 2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/51/2064.
Full textAbstract:
The sewage sludge compost is suitable to improve the colloid-poor sandy soils, which are common characteristics of poor water- and nutrientholding capacity. The general characteristics of sandy soils are the light mechanical composition, the low content of humus and mineral colloids, large pore size and a bad aggregate stability. They have a poor nutrient supply capacity, due to its high porosity the organic matter is degraded very quickly to mineral colloids (Stefanovits et al., 1999).
By the compost application the soil is enriched mineral and organic colloids, thereby improving the soil structure. The effect of addition of compost to soil the water- and nutrient-holding capacity and porosity could be increased and the bulk density could be decreased (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992).
The aim of our experiment is to carry out physical measurements to determine the effects of compost treatment. In this study the results of the first year are presented.
27
Naorem, Anandkumar, Somasundaram Jayaraman, Ram C. Dalal, Ashok Patra, Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao, and Rattan Lal. "Soil Inorganic Carbon as a Potential Sink in Carbon Storage in Dryland Soils—A Review." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081256.
Full textAbstract:
Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool has been extensively studied in the carbon (C) cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. In dryland regions, however, soil inorganic carbon (SIC) has received increasing attention due to the high accumulation of SIC in arid soils contributed by its high temperature, low soil moisture, less vegetation, high salinity, and poor microbial activities. SIC storage in dryland soils is a complex process comprising multiple interactions of several factors such as climate, land use types, farm management practices, irrigation, inherent soil properties, soil biotic factors, etc. In addition, soil C studies in deeper layers of drylands have opened-up several study aspects on SIC storage. This review explains the mechanisms of SIC formation in dryland soils and critically discusses the SIC content in arid and semi-arid soils as compared to SOC. It also addresses the complex relationship between SIC and SOC in dryland soils. This review gives an overview of how climate change and anthropogenic management of soil might affect the SIC storage in dryland soils. Dryland soils could be an efficient sink in C sequestration through the formation of secondary carbonates. The review highlights the importance of an in-depth understanding of the C cycle in arid soils and emphasizes that SIC dynamics must be looked into broader perspective vis-à-vis C sequestration and climate change mitigation.
28
Tang, C., and N. C. Turner. "The influence of alkalinity and water stress on the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and growth of Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus pilosus Murr." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 4 (1999): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98132.
Full textAbstract:
A glasshouse experiment examined the effect of water stress on the growth of Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus pilosus Murr. grown on an acid sandy soil, a limed sandy soil and an alkaline clay soil. Decreasing soil water content decreased the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and reduced plant growth. The responses of both species to water stress were generally similar in the sand and limed soils, but in the alkaline soil, L. angustifolius grown with limited water had markedly lower conductances and photosynthetic rates than the plants in the other soils at equivalent soil water contents. In adequately watered plants, the lupin species differed substantially in their growth response to soil types. Whereas the growth of L. pilosus was unaffected, the shoot dry weight of L. angustifolius grown on the limed and alkaline soils for 25–44 days was reduced by 32–54 and 44–86%, respectively, compared with the growth in the acid soil. The poor growth of L. angustifolius appeared to be primarily due to its poor root growth. In the alkaline soil, water stress reduced rather than stimulated root growth. The results suggest that, in the field, the limited root growth of L. angustifolius on alkaline soils will exacerbate water deficits when the topsoil dries out in the latter part of the season.
29
Lima, Herdjania Veras de, Álvaro Pires da Silva, Neyde Fabíola Balarezzo Giarola, and Sílvia Imhoff. "Index of soil physical quality of hardsetting soils on the brazilian coast." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 6 (December 2014): 1722–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000600007.
Full textAbstract:
Many soils have a hard-setting behavior, also known as cohesive or "coesos". In such soils, the penetration resistance increases markedly when dry and decreases considerably when moist, creating serious limitations for plant emergence and growth. To evaluate the level of structure degradation in hard-setting soils with different texture classes and to create an index for assessing soil hardness levels in hard-setting soils, six soil representative profiles were selected in the field in various regions of Brazil. The following indices were tested: S, which measures soil physical quality, and H , which analyzes the degree of hardness and the effective stress in the soil during drying. Both indices were calculated using previously described functions based on data from the water-retention curves for the soils. The hard-setting values identified in different soils of the Brazilian Coastal Tablelands have distinct compaction (hardness) levels and can be satisfactorily measured by the H index. The S index was adequate for evaluating the structural characteristics of the hard-setting soils, classifying them as suitable or poor for cultivation, but only when the moisture level of the soil was near the inflection point. The H index showed that increases in density in hard-setting soils result from increases in effective stress and not from the soil texture. Values for Bd > 1.48 kg dm-3 classify the soil as hard-setting, and the structural organization is considered "poor".
30
Reynolds, B., and P. A. Stevens. "Assessing soil calcium depletion following growth and harvesting of Sitka spruce plantation forestry in the acid sensitive Welsh uplands." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 2/3 (September 30, 1998): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-2-345-1998.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A simple mass balance has been used to estimate soil calcium depletion during the growth of a 50 year old Sitka spruce crop on acid, base-poor peaty podzol soils in upland Wales. Growth of the crop will deplete the soil calcium reserve by an amount (205 kg Ca ha-1) approximately equivalent to the exchangeable calcium pool to the bottom of the profile and equal to 14% of the total soil calcium reserve to the bottom of the B horizon. Despite these predictions, measurements of exchangeable calcium show no differences beneath mature forest and acid grassland, implying that i) weathering rates in forest soils are greater than long-term estimates and predictions by the PROFILE soil chemistry model ii) the trees can access other sources of calcium or iii) there are significant errors in the mass balance. Following stem-only harvesting, growth of a 50 year old second rotation crop will lead to further depletion of soil calcium, but this amount (79 kg Ca ha-1), is less than for a second rotation crop following whole-tree harvesting (197 kg Ca ha-1). After the first crop, stem-only harvesting would allow a further 18 rotations before depletion of the total calcium reserve to the bottom of the B horizon. Whole-tree harvesting would allow for seven rotations after the first crop. These calculations assume that all sources of calcium are equally available to the crop. This can only be resolved by dynamic modelling of the calcium cycle at the ecosystem scale based on appropriate field measurements. The potential for significant soil acidification is therefore greater following whole-tree harvesting and, in line with current recommendations (Nisbet et al., 1997), this technique should probably be avoided on acidic, nutrient-poor soils unless remedial measures are included to enhance the soil base cation status.
31
Aliche, Ernest B., Warner Talsma, Teun Munnik, and Harro J. Bouwmeester. "Characterization of maize root microbiome in two different soils by minimizing plant DNA contamination in metabarcoding analysis." Biology and Fertility of Soils 57, no. 5 (April 9, 2021): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-021-01555-3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA micropore-filtration method was used to reduce the proportion of plant DNA in microbial DNA samples isolated from roots prior to sequencing. We tested the impact of this pre-sequencing filtration methodology and used it to characterize the root microbiome of maize grown on two soils with different fertility levels. The micropore filtration reduced plant DNA contamination and unveiled potential in the N-poor soil for N fixation in roots and phosphate uptake by roots in the phosphate-poor soil. Our methodology and findings allude to the potential capability of plants to initiate plant-microbe interactions under sub-optimal soil fertility.
32
Vasu, Duraisamy, Surendra Kumar Singh, Pramod Tiwary, Padikkal Chandran, Sanjay Kumar Ray, and Veppangadu Perumal Duraisami. "Pedogenic processes and soil–landform relationships for identification of yield-limiting soil properties." Soil Research 55, no. 3 (2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16111.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of soil–landform relationships helps in understanding the dominant pedogenic processes causing variations in soil properties within and between landforms. In this study, we investigated how major pedogenic processes in three landform positions of the semi-arid Deccan Plateau (India) have led to current plant yield-limiting soil properties. For this, we characterised 26 pedons from three landforms – piedmont, alluvial plain and valley – and performed factor analysis on the dataset. As the frequency distribution of the dataset was highly skewed for most of the soil properties, landform-wise partition and log-transformation were performed before studying soil variability within landforms. Results indicated that two factors explained 56, 71 and 64% of variability in soil properties in piedmonts, alluvial plains and valleys, respectively. The major soils in lower piedmonts (Typic Haplustalfs and Typic Rhodustalfs) were spatially associated with Vertisols (Sodic Haplusterts) occurring in alluvial plains and valleys. The soil properties in alluvial plains and valleys (Vertic Haplustepts, Sodic Haplusterts and Typic Ustifluvents) were modified due to regressive pedogenic processes. These soils were characterised by high pH (8.5–9.8), exchangeable sodium percentage (16.5–46.6) and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity (<1cmh–1). Subsoil sodicity induced by the presence of pedogenic calcium carbonate impaired the hydraulic conductivity. Subsoil sodicity and poor saturated hydraulic conductivity were identified as major yield-limiting soil properties. The relationships found between specific soil properties, surface and subsurface horizons, and position in the landscape helped to determine the dominant pedogenic processes and how these influenced current soil properties and their effects on crop yield.
33
Akram, Fareeha, Tahsin Fatimah, Tabasum Jamal, Dr Muhammad Usman Saleem, M. Hafeez Javed, Sana Sharif, Kiran Yousaf, Naveed Iqbal Khan, and Awais Karamat. "Salinity and Fertility Status of Irrigated soils in District Nankana Sahib, Punjab Pakistan." Vol 4 Issue 1 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040116.
Full textAbstract:
The soil is the basic medium for growth of plant as it supplies essential nutrients and water required for plant processes. The productivity of crop is highly dependent upon fertility and salinity of soil. Current study was carried out to explore and analyze the soils of Tehsil Nankana Sahib (Nankana, Shahkot, Sangilla) for its salinity, sodicity and fertility status at union council level from 2018-2021. A total 2030 soil samples were collected from three Tehsils of District Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. The results indicated that the soil salinity status about 33.9% (690 samples) soils were non-saline, 23.6% (480 samples) saline sodic, 28.5% (580 samples) sodic and only 13.8% (280 samples) were saline. Maximum problematic soil was found in tehsil Nankana Sahib while minimum in Sangilla. As for the soil fertility status of District Nankana Sahib is concerned, 60.1% soils were poor in organic matter (OM) that was observed in 1220 samples, and 39.1% medium range organic matter was observed from the 794 samples while 7.8% from the only 160 samples that were approaching the adequate range. The available phosphorus in soils was found poor among 26.1% (530 samples), 56.1% medium (1140 samples) and the adequate range of available phosphorus was 17.7% (360 samples).
34
Pupathy, UT, T. Sabrina, S. Paramananthan, and Rosazlin Abdullah. "Some important elements of soil-water relationship in managing oil palms planted on acid sulfate soils." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00256.
Full textAbstract:
Oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) are generally able to grow economically and feasibly on various soil types, mostly in tropical countries. However, oil palms planted on acid sulfate soils were producing lesser Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) as compared to those on non-acid sulfate soils. The poor performance of oil palms planted on acid sulfate was mainly attributed to the presence of excess sulfates, which limits the FFB yields and vegetative growth.1 Generally, acid sulfate soils have significant amounts of free and absorbed sulfate. Jarosite generally occurs as pale yellow mottles along old root channels and on ped faces in acid sulfate soils. pH in these horizon is less than 4.0.2,3 These soils often are also high in Aluminium (Al), Al saturation and often with phosphorus (P) fixation capacity. These acid sulfate soils are known for having poor values for organic matter, bases, cation exchange capacity, water retention, water holding capacity and microbial activity, which contributes towards their low soil fertility and hence limitations in soil productivity. Of these limitations, Al toxicity and excess sulfates are two major constraints to FFB yields in oil palms. The important relationship of soil and water for managing a sustainable productivity of oil palms on acid sulfate soil are discussed in details in this paper.
35
FRANKE, A. C., F. BAIJUKYA, S. KANTENGWA, M. RECKLING, B. VANLAUWE, and K. E. GILLER. "POOR FARMERS – POOR YIELDS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC, SOIL FERTILITY AND CROP MANAGEMENT INDICATORS AFFECTING CLIMBING BEAN PRODUCTIVITY IN NORTHERN RWANDA." Experimental Agriculture 55, S1 (May 31, 2016): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000028.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYClimbing bean is the key staple legume crop in the highlands of East and Central Africa. We assessed the impact of interactions between soil fertility characteristics, crop management and socio-economic factors, such as household resource endowment and gender of the farmer, on climbing bean productivity and yield responses to basal P fertiliser in northern Rwanda. Through a combination of detailed characterisations of 12 farms and on-farm demonstration trials at 110 sites, we evaluated variability in grain yields and responses to fertiliser. Grain yields varied between 0.14 and 6.9 t ha−1 with an overall average of 1.69 t ha−1. Household resource endowment and gender of the farmer was strongly associated with climbing bean yield, even though these were partly confounded with Sector. Poorer households and women farmers achieved lower yields than wealthier households and male farmers. Household resource endowment and gender were likely to act as proxies for a range of agronomic and crop management factors that determine crop productivity, such as soil fertility, current and past access to organic manure and mineral fertiliser, access to sufficient quality staking material, ability to conduct crop management operation on time, but we found evidence for only some of these relationships. Poorer households and female farmers grew beans on soils with poorer soil fertility. Moreover, poorer households had a lower density of stakes, while stake density was strongly correlated with yield. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertiliser application led to a substantial increase in the average grain yield (0.66 t ha−1), but a large variability in responses implied that its use would be economically worthwhile for roughly half of the farmers. For the sake of targeting agricultural innovations to those households that are most likely to adopt, the Ubudehe household typology – a Rwandan government system of wealth categorisation – could be a useful and easily available tool to structure rural households within regions of Rwanda that are relatively uniform in agro-ecology.
36
Chan, KY, JA Mead, and WP Roberts. "Poor Early Growth of Wheat Under Direct Drilling." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 4 (1987): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870791.
Full textAbstract:
Poor early growth of wheat under direct drilling on a hardsetting duplex soil was studied in the light of a range of soil physical and biological properties. Two systems of direct drilling were included in the study: one with a short fallow maintained by herbicide (chemical fallow), and another in which a fallow period was absent and herbicide was applied 1 week before sowing (nil fallow). Plant measurements indicated that the poor early growth observed under both direct drilled systems, as compared to that under conventional cultivation, was not due to poor germination or poor emergence. Rather, it was shown to be a consequence of reduced growth after establishment. Weight per plant measured 64 days after sowing for the conventional, chemical and nil fallow treatments was found to be in the ratio of 3.2: 1.8 : 1.0, respectively. Soil physical measurements during the 9 weeks from sowing indicated that moisture availability was unlikely to be an important factor affecting the observed growth difference for the particular season. Much higher bulk density (1.66 versus 1.35 Mg/m3 at 50-100 mm) and vane shear strength values were found in the undisturbed soil between the drill rows in the top 100 mm of the two direct drilled treatments. Vane shear strength measured in the top 50 mm layer of the direct drilled plots was up to 2.9 times higher between the drill rows than in the drill rows. The poor vegetative growth on the chemical fallow plots was probably caused by restricted root growth in the denser and stronger 0-100 mm depth of undisturbed soil. The poor early vegetative and root growth of wheat in the nil fallow could not be fully explained by the soil physical properties, but indicated the presence of other root inhibitory factors. Our results suggest that one such factor is the presence of inhibitory Eacteria on the roots.
37
Houle, Daniel, Rock Ouimet, Suzanne Couture, and Christian Gagnon. "Base cation reservoirs in soil control the buffering capacity of lakes in forested catchments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-007.
Full textAbstract:
The acidification of forest soils and surface waters and their relatively poor recovery record following reductions in atmospheric sulphur emissions is a major ongoing environmental problem, particularly in northeastern North America. The slow recovery of surface water is widely hypothesized to result from depletion of reservoirs of base cations in soil. This is concordant with the theory that the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) of lakes is likely proportional to the size of the exchangeable base cation reservoirs present in surrounding watershed soils. However, data describing these linkages are still nonexistent in the literature. Here we show that lake ANC is highly predictable (r2 = 0.75) based on the size of the exchangeable Ca2+ reservoir in soil in 21 catchments representative of soil and lake conditions encountered in northeastern North America. This finding indirectly supports the hypothesis that the poor recovery of surface water from acidification is governed by the size of base cation reservoirs present in catchment soils. The size of the base cation reservoir in soil is thus a strong indicator of the acidbase status of both soils and surface waters.
38
Durán, Norberto, and Rubén A. Ortíz. "Efectos de algunas propiedades físicas del suelo y la precipitación sobre la producción de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) en Centroamérica." Agronomía Mesoamericana 6 (June 2, 2016): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v6i0.24802.
Full textAbstract:
The soil aeration and hydric shortage greatly influence oil palm yield in Central America. This assay was conducted to identify and quantify the effect of the physical properties of the soil and rainfall on the yield of oil palm orchards in Coto and Quepos (Costa Rica) and San Alejo (Honduras). The following soil characteristics were evaluated: texture, moisture retention (pF), gravimetric moisture, drain water, total porosity, aerial space, large pore percentage, penetration resistance and tensimeter readings. These evaluations were conducted on 20 fruit bearing plots (in each locality) located within representative soil units; classified as: a) well drained (Fluventic Eutropepts), b) inperfect or moderately drained (Fluvaquentic Eutropepts) and c) poorly drained (Tropaquepts). San Alejo also shows soils with low base saturation (Dystropepts and Psamments). Twenty four additional plots were analyzed in this latter orchard to relate their yield with the catographic units. Regression and corre lation analysis were run for the three localities. The main limiting factors on production were: poor soil aeration en Coto, poor soil aeration and hydric shortage en Quepos, and poor aeration, low base saturation and sandy textures in San Alejo.
39
Ryan, PJ. "Characteristics of soil and productivity of Pinus radiata (D Don) in New South Wales .II. Pedogenesis on a range of parent materials." Soil Research 24, no. 1 (1986): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860103.
Full textAbstract:
Soil profile descriptions were made at a series of 11-year-old unfertilized Pinus radiata stands in the Lithgow district of New South Wales. Catenas within three soil parent materials were selected to compare variation in soil physical and morphological properties with growth of P. radiata. These parent materials were a Silurian siltstone, a Permian conglomerate and a Silurian-Devonian rhyolite. Basal area growth of the P. radiata stands increased down catenas on the Silurian siltstone as soil depth to a root impeding layer increased. Plateau soils on the Permian conglomerate had hardsetting surfaces and high gravel contents, and were associated with very poor pine growth. By way of contrast, lower slope, colluvial gradational earths were deep, fine-textured soils and supported more productive pine stands. The Silurian-Devonian rhyolite parent material produced highly leached soils, commonly with conspicuously bleached A2 horizons and poor sandy textures of surface soil. Both physical and chemical features of the rhyolite interacted with pedological processes to affect adversely soil physical conditions and trace element availability, in particular boron. The poorer P. radiata growth on lower or concave slope in comparison with upper slope position was a result of increased soil leaching and horizon differentiation. This pattern contrasted with improved pine growth on the deeper soils on lower slopes on the two sedimentary parent materials. These case studies emphasize the importance of geology and pedological processes when evaluating the applicability of specific soil physical factors to site classification for P. radiata plantations.
40
Li, Dong, Lei Chen, Xiao Na Song, and Guo Cheng Liu. "Improving Maize Growth by Biochar and Biochar-Based Amendment in Light Sierozem in Ningxia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.251.
Full textAbstract:
Biochar has been applied in soil amelioration due to its multiple agricultural and environmental benefits. Biochar sample (BC) and biochar-based amendment (AD) were added into a poor quality soil (light sierozem) collected from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region at the rates of 0%, 1.5%, 3% and 5% (w/w), respectively. Maize (Zea mays) was chosen as a test plant, and the effect of BC and AD on its growth was investigated. The results indicated that the maize biomass increased by 44.4-96.2% and 113.8-187.3% in the soils amended with BC and AD, respectively. Therefore, BC and AD may be used as the poor quality soil amendments.
41
Ho, Soo Ying, Mohd Effendi Bin Wasli, and Mugunthan Perumal. "Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Sandy-Textured Soils under Smallholder Agricultural Land Use Practices in Sarawak, East Malaysia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2019 (February 6, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7685451.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted in the Sabal area, Sarawak, to evaluate the physicochemical properties of sandy-textured soils under smallholder agricultural land uses. Study sites were established under rubber, oil palm, and pepper land uses, in comparison to the adjacent secondary forests. The sandy-textured soils underlain in all agricultural land uses are of Spodosols, based on USDA Soil Taxonomy. The soil properties under secondary forests were strongly acidic with poor nutrient contents. Despite higher bulk density in oil palm farmlands, soil properties in rubber and oil palm land uses showed little variation to those in secondary forests. Conversely, soils under pepper land uses were less acidic with higher nutrient contents at the surface layer, especially P. In addition, soils in the pepper land uses were more compact due to human trampling effects from regular farm works at a localized area. Positive correlations were observed between soil total C and soil total N, soil exchangeable K, soil sum of bases, and soil effective CEC, suggesting that soil total C is the determinant of soil fertility under the agricultural land uses. Meanwhile, insufficient K input in oil palm land uses was observed from the partial nutrient balances estimation. In contrast, P and K did not remain in the soils under pepper land use, although the fertilizers application by the farmers was beyond the crop uptake and removal (harvesting). Because of the siliceous sandy nature (low clay contents) of Spodosols, they are poor in nutrient retention capacity. Hence, maintaining ample supply of organic C is crucial to sustain the productivity and fertility of sandy-textured soils, especially when the litterfall layers covering the E horizon were removed for oil palm and pepper cultivation.
42
Kozlowski, T. T. "Soil Moisture and Absorption of Water by Tree Roots." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 13, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1987.007.
Full textAbstract:
Shade trees undergo periodic dehydration because the rate of absorption of soil water lags behind the rate of transpirational water loss from tree crowns. The rate of absorption of water from wet, warm, and well-aerated soil is controlled largely by the rate of transpiration. However, absorption of water often is impeded by low soil moisture content, a small or slow-growing root system, poor soil aeration, low soil temperature, a high concentration of the soil solution, or combinations of these. As the soil dries down from field capacity, the rate of absorption of water is reduced because of increased resistance to water movement in the soil and within the tree as well as loss of soil-root contact. Poor soil aeration in compacted or flooded soils decreases water absorption by inhibiting root growth, inducing decay of roots, and suppressing development of mycorrhizae. Low soil temperature reduces absorption of water by decreasing the permeability of roots, increasing the viscosity of water, and inhibiting root growth. High concentrations of deicing salts and fertilizers in the soil solution may reduce absorption of water by osmotic effects.
43
Li, Gui Xiang, Jin Ping Shao, Xiang Jing Fang, Jing Jing Ma, Li Ping He, Yong Chai, and Bo Bi. "Study on Heavy Metal Accumulation of Plantsin Gejiu Tin Mining Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 1176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1176.
Full textAbstract:
Based on determination of heavy metal contents in soils and plants, understanding pollution of heavy metal in soils and plants, as well as the heavy metal accumulation in plants, in order to provide scientific basis for phytoremediation of heavy metals in mining areas. The determination and analysis on the concent of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn was made in Niuba and southern mining area in Gejiu City. The result showed that the soil pollution from Cd is the most serious while the pollution from Zn was relative to minimum in Niuba abandoned mining area. In southern mining area, Pb in soil pollution was the most serious while Cu was relative to minimum Analysis on correlation between the heavy metal content in plants and soils was made based on the 5 plant samples (Pyracantha fortuneana, Zea mays, Acroptilon repens, Equisetum ramosissimum and Cucurbita moschata) collected from Niuba reclamation area and 5 plant samples (Corylus yunnanensis, Alnus nepalensis, Pyracantha fortuneana,Cupressus torulosa,Acacia dealbata) from recovery area of southern mining area. The results show that Pyracantha fortuneana has a better correlation with soil than other plants, Cucurbita moschata and soil have poor correlation, Corylus yunnanensis has better correlation with soil compared to other plants, Acacia dealbata has poor correlation with soil.
44
Anwari, Gulaqa Aqa, Ajmal Mandozai, and Jin Feng. "Effects of Biochar Amendment on Soil Problems and Improving Rice Production under Salinity Conditions." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 7, no. 1 (October 28, 2019): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.7.1.45-63.
Full textAbstract:
Soil with poor physio-chemical and biological properties prevent plant growth. These poor characteristics may be due to soil creation processes, but also include largely inappropriate agricultural practices and/or anthropogenic pollution. During the last 4 decades, the world has lost one-third of its cropland due to pollution and erosion. Therefore, a series of operations is required to improve and recover the soil. Biochar is a new multifunctional carbon material extensively used as a modifier to improve soil quality and crop production. Previous studies have discussed the properties of biochar with varying soil pollutants and their effects on soil productivity and carbon sequestration. Comparatively, little attention has been paid to the effects of biochar application on rice growth in the problem of soils, especially in the saline-sodic soils. A comprehensive review of the literature with a high focusing on the effects of biochar application on problem soils and rice-growing under salinity conditions is needed. The present review gives an overview of the soil's problem, biochar amendment effects on physicochemical properties of soil, and how the biochar amendment could interact in soil microbes and root with remediation under salinity conditions for improving rice productivity. The findings of this review showed that biochar application can improve soil quality, reduce soil's problem and increase rice production under salinity conditions. It is anticipated that further researches on the biochar amendment will increase our understanding of the interactions of biochar with soil components, accelerate our attempts on soil remediation, and improve rice production under salinity conditions.
45
Bolotnik, Elizaveta. "Ecological and cenotic characteristics of communities involving the species of Prunella vulgaris L. and Prunella grandiflora L. in the Middle and Southern Urals." BIO Web of Conferences 16 (2019): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191600005.
Full textAbstract:
On the territory of the Middle and Southern Urals, P. vulgaris is found in pine, spruce-pine, birch forests, meadows and in artificial spruce-larch forest plantations; P. grandiflora − in birch forests, less often on meadows. P. vulgaris is confined to half-open places or light-forest with moistening from sub-forest-meadow to wet forest-meadow with not very rich or rather rich soils. P. grandiflora grows in semi-open spaces and in light forests with moistening from wet-steppe to dry-forest-meadow with rather poor soils. Both species are found on very poor soils and the ones that are poor in nitrogen, having a weak acidic and acidic soil medium. According to the soil acidity factor, the amplitude of the ecological space of P. grandiflora coenopopulations on studied territory goes beyond the ranges of the ecological range according to the scales of D.N. Tsyganov.
46
Maheswari, Anusuri Uma. "Improving Soil Properties by Using Coir." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 10, 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37280.
Full textAbstract:
Construction on these soils is found to be expensive because of their low bearing strength. Soil having poor bearing need stabilization to make it suitable for construction purpose. In this study coir (extracted from coconut) is used as natural fiber for stabilization of soil. Stabilization using natural fiber is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to improve properties of soil. The study is carried out to evaluate the effects of coir fiber on properties of soil. Coconut coir in the soil were varied from 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% and various soil properties were studied.
47
Roy, G., A. Sauvesty, F. Pagé, R. van Hulst, and C. Ansseau. "A comparison of soil fertility and leaf nutrient status of sugar maples (Acer saccharum) in relation to microrelief in two maple forests in Québec." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-004.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to provide a better understanding of the relationship between foliar nutrient status, maple dieback and soil quality. Fieldwork was conducted in four maple stands, two of which were located in the Appalachians at Tingwick and two in the Laurentians at Duchesnay. All stands were characterised by a mound and depression microrelief. In one of the Tingwick maple stands (T1) the predominant soil type was found on mounds, and was well to moderately well-drained (Leeds and Woodbridge series). At the other site (T2), the predominant soil type was in depressions, and imperfectly to poorly drained (Sainte-Marie and Brompton series). At the first Duchesnay site (D1) the predominant soil type was found on mounds and was well to rapidly drained (Ste Agathe series). At the second Duchesnay site (D2), the predominant soil type was also found on mounds, but was well to moderately well-drained (Sergent series). On all sites, the soils were acidic and nutrient poor. The lowest pH values and nutrient concentrations (in the H-Ah horizons) were found in maple stands with well-drained soils (T1 and D1) (P < 0.05). On these sites, maple dieback was less than 10%. It was on the poorly to imperfectly drained soils at Tingwick (T2), as well as on the moderately drained soils at Duchesnay (D2), that we observed the lowest biological activity. Although these soils were the most nutrient rich, we observed foliar nutrient deficiencies, and maple dieback in excess of 25%. Our results suggest that maple dieback is the result of a poor physiological adaptation of sugar maple to poor drainage conditions in the areas studied. Key Words: Dieback, Acer saccharum, forest soils, biological activity index
48
Little, IP, AJ Ringrose-Voase, and WT Ward. "Surface structure in gray clays of northwestern New South Wales in relation to micromorphology, cation suite and particle size attributes." Soil Research 30, no. 1 (1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920001.
Full textAbstract:
Considerable differences in surface structure (0-100 mm) were observed in the field in two adjacent areas of grey clays near Narrabri, N.S.W. The absence of any differences in clay mineralogy and granulometry of the sand fraction supported the field assessment that both types of soil were similar in provenance. A transect of soil profiles including seven with poor structure and five with well-structured surface horizons was examined. The field observations of structure were supported by photographs of the surface, and water entry after rain. Micromorphological examination showed that closely spaced porphyric to adporphyric fabric in the poorly structured soils contributed to poor structure, highlighting the importance of textural attributes. The well-structured soils had a more widely spaced porphyric fabric. A measure of dispersibility depending on clay content and exchangeable plus soluble Na, Ca and Mg tallied very well with the field assessment of soil structure. Five groups were obtained from a euclidean distance/flexible sort strategy on the basis of cation suite, carbon content and particle size attributes. The groups identified areas of poor structure very well and the groups appear to be discriminated mainly on the basis of differences in Na, Ca and clay content. Treating the transect as a continuum of soils of very poor structure at site 1 grading to very good at site 12 showed that greater values for Ca, K, and clay were associated with good structure and greater values for Mg, C and silt were associated with poor structure. The sodium adsorption ratio and ionic strength of the soil solution were not on their own good predictors of structural behaviour possibly due to the independent contribution of Ca and Mg in this respect.
49
SHIGEMATSU, Hiroaki, Yoshinori DEMURA, and Yoshimi FUJIWARA. "STABILIZATION OF POOR SOIL BY PAPER MILL SLUDGE MIXING." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu C 66, no. 4 (2010): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejc.66.695.
Full text
50
Rasmussen, Camilla Ruø, Anne Nygaard Weisbach, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Jacob Weiner. "Size-asymmetric root competition in deep, nutrient-poor soil." Journal of Plant Ecology 12, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtx064.
Full text