Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poor rates'
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Farmer, Caroline. "Understanding poor help-seeking rates for major depressive disorder." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14620.
Full textPresern, Carole Bridget. "Reproductive health care in poor urban areas of Nepal." Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243545.
Full textChow, Priscilla En-Yi Camp William E. "The effects of socioeconomic status on growth rates in academic achievement." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5193.
Full textLansberry, Kasey. "Welfare Participation Rates Among the Eligible Poor: A County-Level Analysis of the North Carolina Work First Program." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1334854306.
Full textChow, Priscilla En-Yi. "The Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Growth Rates in Academic Achievement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5193/.
Full textLundgren, Monia. "How Poor is The Poverty Line? : A matter of dietary norms and perceptions." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-13955.
Full textDutra, Paula Goes Pinheiro. "Efeito antiinflamatÃrio da atorvastatina na periodontite induzida por ligadura em ratos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2807.
Full textA periodontite à uma doenÃa caracterizada por infiltraÃÃo de leucÃcitos, perda de tecido conjuntivo e reabsorÃÃo Ãssea. Estatinas sÃo fÃrmacos amplamente usados para o tratamento da hiperlipidemia, com destaque à Atorvastatina (ATV), dada seus efeitos pleiotrÃpicos importantes, como atividade antiinflamatÃria e capacidade anabÃlica Ãssea, com potencial para modificaÃÃo do curso de doenÃas inflamatÃrias crÃnicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antiinflamatÃrio da ATV, utilizando modelo de periodontite induzido por ligadura em ratos Wistar machos, distribuÃdos em grupos experimentais: controle (Salina a 0,9%), e 5 subgrupos (ATV 0,3; 1; 3; 9 ou 27 mg/kg), administrados por via oral, diariamente, 30 min antes da colocaÃÃo do fio de nÃilon 3.0 em torno dos segundos molares superiores esquerdos dos animais, durante 11 d, quando, entÃo, foram sacrificados, e os seguintes parÃmetros, analisados: 1) Perda Ãssea Alveolar (POA), avaliada atravÃs de estudos morfomÃtrico, histolÃgico e radiogrÃfico; 2) AvaliaÃÃo SistÃmica atravÃs de: a) Leucogramas realizados antes e apÃs a ligadura (6 h; 2, 7 e 11 d); b) VariaÃÃo de massa corpÃrea; c) AnÃlises hepÃticas e renais, por dosagens sÃricas bioquÃmicas e estudo histolÃgico; e d) AvaliaÃÃo sÃrica de Fosfatase Alcalina Ãssea (FAO). Os animais submetidos a 11 d de periodontite apresentaram intensa reabsorÃÃo Ãssea. Baixa dose de ATV (0,3 mg/kg) nÃo foi capaz de prevenir a POA (p>0,05), contudo, todas as demais (ATV 1, 3, 9 ou 27 mg/kg) foram, de forma significante, capazes de reduzir a POA em 35%, 39%, 53%, 56%, respectivamente. Tal inibiÃÃo foi corroborada pela anÃlise histopatolÃgica, onde se observou que a ATV (27 mg/kg) causou maior preservaÃÃo do tecido periodontal [Mediana: 1,5 (0-2)], quando comparada à Salina [Mediana: 3 (2-3)]. Adicionalmente, animais submetidos a 11 d de periodontite apresentaram reduÃÃo significante de densidade radiogrÃfica periodontal (58%). ATV (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg) preservou tal densidade em 5%, 9% e 20%, respectivamente. O leucograma dos animais com periodontite apresentou pico de leucocitose na 6 h, mediado por neutrÃfilos, e nova leucocitose a partir do 7 d, à custa de mononucleares. ATV (27 mg/kg) foi capaz de reduzir a leucocitose, reduzindo o nÃmero de neutrÃfilos ou mononucleares, respectivamente (p<0,05), bem como foi capaz de reduzir a perda inicial de massa corpÃrea vista na periodontite. As anÃlises bioquÃmicas sÃricas e histolÃgicas de fÃgado e rins dos animais com 11 d de periodontite tratada (ATV 27 mg/kg) ou nÃo (Salina) nÃo apresentaram alteraÃÃes (p>0,05). Observou-se aumento nas variaÃÃes de dosagens sÃricas de FAO dos animais com 11 d de periodontite (Salina: 63,4Â10,8 U/l), enquanto que ATV (27 mg/kg) previniu tal aumento (13,6Â3,5 U/l) (p<0,05). Dessa forma, os resultados demonstram que o modelo de periodontite em ratos reproduziu os principais aspectos da doenÃa em humanos, e ATV reduziu a destruiÃÃo periodontal, sem causar alteraÃÃes significantes hepÃticas ou renais, alÃm de manter os nÃveis de FAO, o que sugere que a ATV pode ser uma abordagem farmacolÃgica importante como adjuvante à terapia periodontal a ser ensaiada clinicamente, devido a sua eficÃcia e seguranÃa.
Periodontitis is a disease characterized by leukocyte influx, loss of connective tissue and bone resorption. Statins are drugs widely used to hyperlidemia treatment, in which stand out Atorvastatin (ATV) due to its important pleiotropic effects, such as antiinflammatory activity and anabolic bone capacity, with great potential to modify chronic inflammatory disease course. In this way the aim of this work was to evaluate the aniinflammatory effect of ATV, through ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats. Wistar male, located in experimental groups: control (0.9% Saline), and 5 subgroups (ATV 0.3, 1, 3, 9 or 27 mg/kg), given orally daily, 30 min before nylon thread 3.0 aroud cervix of second left upper molars during 11 d, when then, rats were sacrified, and the following parameters were analyzed: 1) alveolar bone loss (ABL), evaluated through morphometric, histologic and radiographic studies; 2) Sistemic evaluation through a) leucograms performed before and after ligature (6h and 2, 7, and 11 d); b) corporal mass variation; c) of liver and kidney analysis, by serum biochemical dosage and histological study; and d) serum evaluation of Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP). Animals submitted to 11 d periodontitis presented intense bone resoption. Low dose of ATV (0.3 mg/kg) was not able to prevent ABL (p>0.05), meanwhile the other dose ATV (1, 3, 9 or 27 mg/kg) were , in a significant way able to reduce ABL by 35%, 39%, 53%, 56%, respectively. Such inhibition was corroborated by histological analysis where was observed that ATV (27 mg/kg) caused greater periodontal tissue preservation [Mean 1.5 (0-2)], when compared to Saline [Mean 3 (2-3)] . In addition, animals submitted to periodontitis presented a significant reduction on periodontal radiographic density (58%). ATV (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg) preserved such density in 5%, 9% e 20%, respectively. The leucogram of animals submitted to periodontitis presented leukocytosis peak on the 6th h mediated by neutrophils and new leukocytosis after 7th d due mononuclear cells. ATV (27 mg/kg) was able to reduce leukocytosis, decreasing neutrophils or mononuclear cells respectivelly (p<0.05), as well as, it was able to reduce initial corporal mass loss seen in periodontitis. Serum biochemical and histological analysis of liver and kidneys of animals with 11 d periodontitis treated with (ATV 27 mg/kg) or not (Saline), did not show alterations (p>0.05). It was observed a raise on serum BALP dosage variation of animals with 11 d periodontitis (Saline: 63.4Â10.8 U/l), while ATV (27 mg/kg) prevented that increase (13.6Â3.5 U/l) (p<0.05).In this way, the results demonstrated that this periodontitis model in rats reproduced the main aspects of periodontal disease in humans, and ATV reduced periodontal destruction, without cause significant alterations on liver and kidneys, besides of keeping BALP activitys, what suggests that ATV may be an important pharmacological approach as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy, to be evaluated clinically, due to its efficacy and safety.
Gonçalves, Vinícius de Paiva. "Ação do curcumin sobre os períodos iniciais da carcinogênese bucal induzida por 4-NQO em modelo murino /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113929.
Full textBanca: Helio Massaiochi Tanimoto
Banca: Rosemary Adriana Chierici Marcantonio
Resumo: O Curcumin apresenta potencial terapêutico no tratamento e prevenção de doenças crônicas, inclusive câncer. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do tratamento sistêmico do curcumin sobre os períodos iniciais da carcinogênese bucal induzida pelo 4-NQO em ratos. Quarenta ratos distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=10) foram tratados com solução de 50 ppm de 4-NQO dissolvido na água de beber ad libitum durante todo período experimental, que ocorreu em 8 e 12 semanas, sendo que dois desses grupos foram tratados com 30 ou 100 mg/kg de peso corporal de curcumin diariamente por gavagem oral, e um grupo tratado com veículo no volume correspondente à maior dose de curcumin. Os animais do grupo controle negativo (n=10) foram sacrificados no início do experimento. Os cortes histológicos, provenientes da língua dos animais, foram corados por H&E ou submetidos à reação de imunohistoquímica para detecção de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 e -3 , e STAT3. Parte das peças foi utilizada para a verificação da expressão de Vimentina, Cdh1, Cdh2 e TWIST1 por RT-qPCR. O tratamento com 100mg/kg de peso corporal de curcumin por 12 semanas, principalmente, diminuiu os valores do H-score de PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS3, STAT3, enquanto aumentou SOCS1, além de reduzir as atipias celulares observadas na análise morfológica do epitélio lingual. A expressão dos genes avaliados por RT-qPCR também foi reduzida pelo tratamento com curcumin, independentemente da dose utilizada. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que o curcumin acaba por intervir e atenuar o desenvolvimento do processo carcinogênico.
Abstract: Curcumin has therapeutic potential in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases , including cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of systemic treatment of curcumin on the initial periods of oral carcinogenesis induced by 4 - NQO in rats. Forty rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10) and treated with 50 ppm of 4-NQO solution dissolved in the drinking water ad libitum throughout the experimental period, which occurred at 8 and 12 weeks , with two of these groups were treated with 30 or 100 mg / kg body weight daily by oral gavage curcumin, and a group treated with vehicle corresponding to larger dose of curcumin volume. The animals in the negative control group (n = 10 ) were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment. Histological sections, from the language of animals, were stained with H&E or subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for detection of PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS1 and -3, and STAT3. Part of the pieces was used to check the expression of vimentin, Cdh1, Cdh2 and TWIST by RT - qPCR . Treatment with 100mg/kg body weight of curcumin for 12 weeks, mainly, decreased the values of the H -score of PCNA, Bcl-2, SOCS3, STAT3 , while increased SOCS1 , and reduce cellular atypia observed in the morphological analysis of lingual epithelium. The gene expression assessed by RT- qPCR was also reduced by treatment with curcumin, regardless of the dose used. The results of this study demonstrate that curcumin eventually intervene and attenuate the development of the carcinogenic process.
Mestre
Gomes, Silvio Pires. "Aspectos morfoquantitativos da neuroplasticidade induzida por desnutrição no gânglio celíaco de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-28022007-160540/.
Full textThe celiac ganglion belongs to the celiac plexus which consists of a net of nerves and supportive tissues. The celiac ganglia, even, are alonged and locate along the caudal face of the origin of the celiac artery. On the left side the ganglion is linked by an interganglionar branch. It is intimately in contact with the surface of the aorta. The autonomous innervation of most of the abdominal organs is made by the celiac plexus and these include the pancreas, liver, kidney, gall bladder, epíplon, mesentery, stomach, small intestine and ascendant and transversal portions of the colon. The proteic-caloric undernourishment is one of the largest problems of public health in the world, representing about 40% of the hospitalized patients in underdeveloped nations. Thus, the study of the extrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal treatment (represented by the celiac ganglion) of rat, under the stereological and morphometric aspects, during states of proteic denutrition will be fundamental to objectively precise (and not empirically) the possible neuronal damages caused by the undernourishment. Still, the knowledge of these quantitative information can be useful in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the autonomous hipoproteic neuropathy and consequently in its treatment, improving the quality of life of patients, animals and humans. During this study, six left celiac ganglions of newborn male rats Albinus Wistar coming from coupling during a period from seven to ten days were used. Three of the mice were undernourished and three clinically healthy (clinical absence of neuropathies) were used as control. For the animals it was offered water with no restrictions and a proteic diet (20% of protein-casein) for the females that generated the group of control constituted by three animals which will be denominated nurtured (N) and a hipoproteic diet (5% of casein) for the females that generate the undernourished group also composed of three animals (D). The sampling was accomplished uniformly, systematic and aleatory, ganglionar volume or volume of the ganglion (Vref), total number of neurons (N), neuronal density (NV), neuronal volume (Vn), density of neuronal volume (Vv). All stereological parameters presented superior values (quite significant). The results suggest the existence of biological differences, in other words, the undernourished animals presented larger neurons and in larger number, but distributed one far from the other, the undernourished ones presented smaller and less neurons, and distributed in a smaller number in the ganglion.
Rizo, Roca David. "Efectos de la hipoxia hipobárica intermitente en la recuperación del daño muscular inducido por ejercicio excéntrico en ratas entrenadas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402828.
Full textThis work explores the potential use of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) as a non-pharmacological tool to treat muscle damage in trained subjects. Here we applied a recovery protocol consisting of 4 hour-daily sessions of hypobaric hypoxia (≈4000m), alone or immediately followed by light aerobic exercise. Because invasive analyses were needed, we opted for a rodent model. Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a treadmill for a month and then were subjected to downhill running, a well-known method of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD). After that, rats were divided in three groups: 1) passive normobaric recovery (PNR); 2) passive hypobaric recovery (PHR); and 3) active hypobaric recovery (AHR), rats that immediately after each daily session of hypobaric hypoxia performed light aerobic exercise. These groups were subdivided in four subgroups according to the following sampling days: 1, 3, 7 or 14 days after the EEIMD protocol. Additionally, a group of rats was euthanized before the EEIMD protocol (CTRL). Histopathological and histomorphometric analysis of transversal sections of soleus muscle were carried out. Additionally, the protein expression of mitochondrial biomarkers related to biogenesis, fusion and fission, apoptosis signaling, bioenergetics and oxidative stress was semiquantified. As expected, EEIMD induced a number of alterations at the histopathological level, such as mononuclear infiltrates, presence of abnormal fibers and connective tissue distension. Furthermore, a decrease in the muscle capillarization and an apparent hypertrophy were also reported. The biogenesis biomarker PGC-1α was found reduced 3 days after the EEIMD protocol, while Drp-1, a marker of mitochondrial fission, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, a marker of apoptosis signaling, were increased. Maybe as a consequence, the citrate synthase activity decreased. Interestingly, HHI combined with light aerobic exercise attenuated or reversed most of these findings: after two weeks of recovery, AHR rats showed a fiber size and muscle capillarization similar to CTRL animals, as well as decreased percentage of abnormal fibers, higher levels of biomarkers related to mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion and reduced apoptosis signaling markers when compared to PNR and PHR groups.
Santos, Sergio Vieira dos. "Infecção concomitante experimental de Rattus norvegicus por Toxocara canis e Toxoplasma gondii: estudo comportamental e histopatológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-20062016-093035/.
Full textThe hypothesis of \"behavioral manipulation\" states that a parasite can change the behavior of its host specifically to improve the chances of completing its life cycle. It means the increase of transmission host to host and ensures that the parasite or their propagules are released in appropriate place increasing their survival . The possibility of parasitic infections to cause behavioral changes in their hosts and the high frequency which the involvement of humans by larvae of Toxocara and Toxoplasma cysts occur , have called the attention of researchers interested in the study of host/parasite relationships. In human beings Toxoplasma gondii cysts and Toxocara canis larvae infections are present in various anatomical sites including muscles, heart, lungs, eyes and brain. The presence of parasites in brain gives opportunity of manipulation of the host behavior. However, the mechanisms involved in the behavior changes are still unclear. The aims of this study were to assess changes in anxiety, fear, memory and learning, as well as the larvae, cysts and the presence of beta amyloid plaques (A) in the hippocampus region of the brain tissue of the Rattus norvegicus exper imentally infected with Toxocara canis and/or Toxoplasma gondii, in two stages of infection, satained with hematoxyl in/eosin (HE) and Red Congo techniques, respectively. Eighty female Rattus norvegicus species, aged six to eight weeks-old were used. The animals were divided into four groups: Toxocara - 10 rats infected with 300 Toxocara canis eggs, Toxoplasma - 10 rats infected with 10 cysts of Toxoplasma gondii, double infection - 10 mice infected with 300 Toxocara canis eggs and 10 Toxoplasma gondii cysts, and control - 10 rats without infection. In the days 40, 41, 70 and 71 after infection, the infected animals and that belonging to the control group were evaluated in the Elevated plus-maze (EPM) and Open- field (OF). At 120 days after infection the memory and learning evaluation and aversion to cat urine by the rats were assessed in the Barnes maze. At the end of the behavioral analysis the animals were euthanized to remove the brain and preparation of histological sect ions stained by Hematox yl in/Eosin (HE) and Congo Red. The results showed anxiolytic effect for both infections, especially for Toxoplasma gondii. There was no impairment of memory and learning in LB, but the animals infected by Toxocara canis or Toxoplasma gondii spentless time to find the bur row with urine and entering it. The reading of the histological sections stained with HE showed larvae of Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii cysts in regions of the central nervous system of animals related to memory and learning. The slides stained with Congo Red showed A-plate for the majority of animals infected by Toxoplasma gondii. It is concluded in the single infection, to both parasites, produced anxiolytic effect. When infections occur concomitantly there was a modulating effect in rats\' behavior. In addition, rats infected with single infection presents less aversive urine cats.
Moriguti, Eny Kiyomi Uemura. "Efeito da L-alanil-L-glutamina na forma de dipeptídeo e L-glutamina-L-alanina na forma de aminoácido livre na evolução da necrose de lesão por queimaduras em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17137/tde-10042018-143956/.
Full textIntroduction: The classification of burn severity is based on the relationship between the burned body surface (SCQ) and the depth of the lesion. Factors influencing the progression of necrosis in the stasis zone surrounding the area of necrosis (coagulation) may be related to perfusion, inflammation and oxidative stress. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of glutamine, as it has been shown to play an important role in the prevention of ischemia and reperfusion injury, inflammation and oxidative stress. Objective: to evaluate the effect of glutamine as a free amino acid and dipeptide on the progression of necrosis in the interspace (stasis zone) of the burn. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were used. In all animals a third degree burn injury was done with a metal comb containing four teeth and three interspaces preheated in water at 98ºC. Group 1- Control (n = 10) received 7,4 ml of 0.9% saline solution, Group 2- Dipeptide received 7.4 ml of dipeptide solution L-alanyl-L-glutamine (1g/k Lglutamine and 0.6g/k L-Alanine) and Group 3- Free AA received 1g/k L-glutamine and 0,6g/kg L-alanine as free amino acid, by gavage, for 7 days after burn injury. The analyzes evaluated were by means of photograph (in the time 48 hours and 7 days) and histopathology (on the 7th day after the injury), to evaluate the extent of necrosis, ischemic changes in the interspaces (stasis zone), besides the alteration of Glutathione . Results: In the photographic evaluation, there was a significant reduction of necrosis specifically in the 3-AA-free group between 48 hours and 7 days (P = 0.04). Histologically, there was a reduction in inflammation in Groups 2- Dipeptide and 3-AA-free when compared to Group 1-Control (p <0.01). Even in the treated groups there was a tendency to reduce necrosis in the interspaces dermis (Group 1-Control = 0.95, Group 2-Dipeptide = 0.73 and Group 3- AA-free = 0.8), but these differences were not significant. The treated groups also showed an increase in the number of fibroblasts when compared to Group 1- Control (p <0.05). In the dosage of Glutathione, a greater amount was found in Group 2 - Dipeptide (p <0.05) when compared to Group 1 - Control. Conclusion: The reduction of histological lesions, reduction of inflammation, maintenance of greater extension of the interspaces, the greater amount of fibroblasts and the increase of glutathione, with the administration of glutamine observed in the present study, may have benefited the maintenance or reduction of the evolution of necrosis of burn in rats.
Anjos, Denise Cristina Santos dos. "Efeito do laser, λ904 nm, na cicatrização por 1ª intenção no modelo experimental em ratos." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3737.
Full textO laser de baixa potência constitui um recurso terapêutico que atua na biomodulação intracelular, ocasionando diminuição do processo inflamatório, redução do edema intersticial, aumento da fagocitose, proliferação da síntese de colágeno e da neovascularização. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da terapia laser de baixa potência (TLBP) λ904 nm na cicatrização por 1ª intenção no modelo experimental de ratos. Métodos: Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar, machos, divididos em quatro grupos, submetidos a incisão na linha Alba abrangendo pele, subcutâneo e musculatura abdominal, suturados continuamente por fios de nylon 5-0. Oito e quinze dias após o procedimento cirúrgico, a área de reparo foi removida e os cortes histológicos foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina para avaliar celularidade do infiltrado inflamatório, Tricrômico de Masson e Picrosirius para quantificar as fibras de colágeno e técnica imuno-histoquímica para a contagem de vasos neoformados. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente pela análise de variância ANOVA, com "teste de Tukey posthoc, p <0,05. Resultados: A TLBP reduziu a intensidade da reação inflamatória e influenciou a dinâmica da resposta imuno por induzir a mudança do padrão de infiltração de leucócitos (neutrófilos a infiltração mononuclear). Como também estimula a deposição e melhora padrão organizacional das fibras colágenas, apresentando um delicado colágeno tipo III. Além disso, verificou-se um aumento significativo no número médio de vasos neoformados (p = 0,001, em relação aos grupos G1 e G2; e p = 0,02, em G3 e G4). Conclusões: TLBP modula a resposta inflamatória, com melhor deposição de fibras colágenas e aumento do número médio de vasos neoformados. .
Sumi, Wataru. "Orientação endógena da atenção em ratos por meio de pistas simbólicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-19042012-085705/.
Full textThe covert orienting of attention task described by Posner (1980) has been extensively used for investigating orientation of visuo-spatial attention in humans. There have been attempts to adapt it for rats, with encouraging results; data revealed that attentional phenomena in humans and rats are partially analogous (ROSNER, MITTLEMAN, 1996; WARD, BROWN, 1996; LUCK and VECERA, 2002). The distinction between exogenous (or \"automatic\", in human literature) and endogenous (or \"voluntary\", in human literature) orienting of attention, relying mainly on differences in the time course of the reaction time to the visual target, was partially described for rats; these early studies indicated that rats exhibited only the automated component of orienting. However, Marote and Xavier (2011) showed validity effects when using either predictive or non-predictive cues preceding the target by 200, 400 and 800 ms; however, this validity effect was greater for predictive cues preceding the target by 800 ms, a result that in human studies is taken as evidence of voluntary orienting of attention. Most of rat studies using this task employ peripheral cues, rendering difficult to distinguish exogenous and endogenous effects of orienting of attention. In the present study orienting of visuo-spatial attention was investigated in rats by using symbolic predictive cues, a kind of cue usually considered to engage voluntary attention in humans. The results showed that rats exhibit a reduction of reaction times and an increase in percentage of correct responses to a visual target preceded by a valid symbolic auditory predictive cue as compared to an invalid cue, when the stimulus onset asynchrony was either 100 or 700 ms, but not when it was 400 ms. These figures suggest that the validity effect in rats is underlied by at least two processes, the first determined by repetitive and contingent cue-target pairings (that might involve classical conditioning) that occurs when the cue-target time interval is about 100 ms, and the second determined by endogenous orienting of attention that occurs when the cue-target time interval is about 700 ms.
Silva, Cássia Bagolin da. "Influência da infecção por Trypanosoma evansi no metabolismo de ferro em ratos experimentalmente infectados." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10106.
Full textTrypanosoma evansi is the causative agent of the disease known as Mal das cadeiras or Surra in horses. Has a wide geographical distribution and is commonly found parasitizing several species of domestic and wild animals. Anemia is a common feature and perhaps the most important in infections with T. evansi, however, the mechanisms by which it originates has not been fully elucidated. Considering that iron deficiency may play a crucial role in anemia caused by trypanosomiasis, due to their involvement in hematopoietic, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of experimental infection with Trypanosoma evansi in Wistar rats on the iron status and of its forms of storage and carting, and also storage in the bone marrow level, establishing a correlation with hematologic findings. To that end, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, two control groups (C5 and C30) composed by six non-inoculated animals and two test groups (T5 and T30) inoculated with T. evansi, with 10 animals in each group. Blood samples were collected at 5 days post-inoculation (C5 and T5) and 30 days post-inoculation (C30 and T30). Iron status was determined in serum using commercial kits of ferrozine and cromazurol iron, ferritin, transferrin and iron binding capacity. The transferrin saturation index was calculated from the results obtained. The bone marrow was also evaluated for the presence of iron, by the reaction of Pearls. It was observed that the levels of iron, cromazurol iron and total and latent iron binding capacity decreased significantly (P <0.05) at 5 and 30 days pi in animals in the infected group when compared to the control group. Since the levels of transferrin and ferritin increased (P <0.05). The transferrin saturation index increased to 5 days pi, observing the decline of the index at 30 days pi. Infected animals showed a greater tendency to accumulate iron in bone marrow. Infection with T. evansi in rats caused anemia and changes in iron metabolism, as those related to the peaks of parasitemia. These results suggest that changes in iron metabolism may be related to body's immune response to infection and anemic status of infected animals.
O Trypanosoma evansi é o agente etiológico da doença conhecida como Mal das Cadeiras ou Surra em equinos. Apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica e é comumente observado parasitando diversas espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres. A anemia é uma característica comum e talvez a mais importante nas infecções por T. evansi, porém, os mecanismos pelos quais ela se origina ainda não foram completamente elucidados. Considerando-se que deficiência de ferro pode desempenhar um papel crucial na anemia causada pela tripanossomose, devido ao seu envolvimento nos processos hematopoiéticos, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos da infecção experimental por Trypanosoma evansi em ratos Wistar sobre o status do ferro e de suas formas de armazenagem e carreamento e, ainda, estocagem em nível de medula óssea, estabelecendo uma correlação com os achados hematológicos. Para isso foram utilizados 32 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos em quatro grupos, sendo dois grupos controle (C5 e C30) compostos de seis animais não inoculados em cada grupo e dois grupos teste (T5 e T30), inoculados com T. evansi, com 10 animais em cada grupo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no dia 5 pós-inoculação (C5 e T5) e dia 30 pós-inoculação (C30 e T30). O status do ferro foi determinado em soro, utilizando-se kits comerciais de ferro cromazurol e ferrozine, ferritina, transferrina e capacidade de ligação do ferro. Os índices de saturação da transferrina foram calculados a partir dos resultados obtidos. A medula óssea também foi avaliada, quanto à presença de ferro, através da reação de Pearls. Foi observado que os níveis de ferro, ferro cromazurol e capacidade total e latente de fixação do ferro diminuíram significativamente (P<0,05) aos 5 e 30 dias pi nos animais infectados em relação ao grupo controle. Já os níveis de transferrina e ferritina aumentaram (P<0,05). O índice de saturação da transferrina aumentou aos 5 dias pi, observando-se declínio do índice aos 30 dias pi. Os animais infectados apresentaram tendência a um maior acúmulo de ferro na medula óssea. A infecção por T. evansi em ratos causou anemia e alterações no metabolismo do ferro, estando estas relacionadas aos picos de parasitemia. Estes resultados sugerem que as alterações no metabolismo do ferro podem estar relacionadas à resposta imune do organismo à infecção e ao estado anêmico dos animais parasitados.
Kitamura, Sandra Satiko. "Intoxicação por amônia em bovinos e ratos: o desempenho renal na desintoxicação e o emprego de tratamentos alternativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-14102004-153116/.
Full textTo study the role of the kidneys and of alternative treatments for detoxifying ammonia four experiments were carried out in cattle and rats. Wistar rats (n=367) were used to compare eight treatments (O= urea-cycle amino acids; F= furosemide; H= saline solution, O+F; H+F; O+H; O+F+H; C=control) to reverse ammonia poisoning. Ammonium acetate solution was injected [ip] and 3 min later the treatments were injected through the same via. Higher survival rate and lower plasma ammonia levels were detected in rats treated with O+F+H (62.5%) and O+H (57%). Rats treated with O, H and F had higher urea serum, lower creatinine and less pronounced lung edema, respectively. To develop a practical model to induce ammonia poisoning through [iv] ammonium chloride infusion until the appearance of convulsion (NH4+Cl) 15 yearling steer were used. The clinical picture showed was identical to the natural poisoning. Higher blood levels of ammonia, urea, L-lactate, glucose, potassium and hematocrit and lower bicarbonate and blood pH were detected during the infusion. A metabolic acidosis occurred by the increase of L-lactate; the lower the blood pH, the higher the hipercalemia. The model was very practical, reliable, and highly reproducible; no side effects were seen. All steers survived after the poisoning. During the same trial the role of the kidney to excrete ammonium was studied as well as the relation of this excretion with the individual resistance to the poisoning. The higher the urine volume excreted during the infusion, the higher the volume of NH4+Cl infused to cause convulsion and the greater the amount of NH4+ excreted in the urine. The lower the blood and urine pH, the higher the urinary ammonium excretion rate. Some steers were dehydrated, but dehydration was not cause by diuresis. In conclusion, the kidneys have an important role in the excretion of ammonium in the ammonia poisoning cattle, the higher the diuresis throughout the induction, the more resistant the cattle is to the poisoning. Afterwards, the same poisoned steers were randomly distributed and treated for 3h with O+F+H, O+H or C (small amount of saline - iv). The two former treatments produced a pronounced clinical improvement, lowering the blood ammonium and L-lactate levels and urine pH and increasing the urinary volume and NH4+ excretion. The selected treatments were very effective for detoxifying ammonia in poisoned cattle.
Ávila, Vanessa Perlin Ferraro de. "Efeito dos ruídos gerados por atividade humana em ratas wistar: avaliação da natimortalidade e desenvolvimento ponderal dos neonatos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/48965.
Full textLaboratory animals are subjected to a variety of daily noises which can affect their well-being. There are studies that suggest the human work in animal rooms is an important source of noise with varying frequencies and intensities which may cause physiological and behavioral changes in the animals. This work had as its main objective the analysis of the possible effects that the noise generated by professionals while doing their activities may have on pregnancy of Wistar rats, evaluating the natimortality and the weight development of newborns. Fourty-for 120 days old Wistar rats from CREAL/UFRGS accommodated in an open cage system have been paired and have undergone a normal work routine (control group) or have been exposed to noise in two sessions of 20 minutes/day with interval of 15 seconds between each noise (treated group) throughout their pregnancy and in the first week of their offspring’s life. The noises were previously selected on the basis of the human work carried out in animal rooms and recorded through the use of a microphone sound pressure level meter frequency response of 20 Hz-20kHz. The frequencies were evaluated using an audio editor software (Audacity® 1.3). The delivery in both groups (treated and control) were accompanied and during them it was taken note the number of living and stillborn offspring. To evaluate the weight of newborns, the three biggest ones of each litter rats were weighed up once a day between 2:00 and 4:00 p.m. It was used the T-test for examining the number of stillborns which showed a significant difference (p = 0.021) between the groups. The Anova variance test for repeated measures and the Tukey- Kramer test were used to compare the average weight of the three biggest offspring. It was observed significant difference of average weight in the three biggest ones on day 4 (p = 0.0026), 5 (p < 0.001), 6 (p = 0.0005) and 7 (p < 0.0001). This study shows that noise generated by human activity may cause stillborn offspring and interfere with maternal behavior by decreasing the weight of the new born from the fourth day the first week of life.
Scariot, Pedro Paulo Menezes 1989. "Determinação da atividade espontânea de ratos por gravimetria e relações com a capacidade aeróbia e expressão gênica de MCTs 1 e 4 : efeitos da idade e do treinamento físico." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/244478.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
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Resumo: A locomoção representa um comportamento extremamente importante e primordial para a vida animal. Diante disso, torna-se notório que o restrito confinamento imposto aos animais de laboratório pode causar negativas implicações fisiológicas, uma vez que diversos comportamentos locomotores naturais são suprimidos. Baseado nessa problemática, desejamos verificar se animais alojados em gaiolas convencionais possuem piores indicadores de desempenho ao exercício, quando comparados a animais expostos a condições aumentadas de espaço físico. Além disso, buscamos analisar se a característica do espaço físico das gaiolas representa um fator mais relevante que a própria aplicação do exercício, haja vista que protocolos de treinamento físico em modelos animais não conseguem promover melhoras expressivas da capacidade aeróbia ao longo da idade. Em outra temática, a locomoção também se apresenta intimamente relacionada a aspectos genéticos, uma vez que marcantes diferenças individuais são distinguidas quando rodas de atividades são disponibilizadas para animais de laboratório. Entendendo que o aspecto genético é de suma importância nesse contexto, nós supomos que animais mais ativos na gaiola, exibiriam maiores vantagens metabólicas e genéticas para a prática de exercício quando comparados a animais mais inativos. Diante disso, buscamos explorar se as atividades espontâneas e voluntárias dos animais já refletem propensões para melhores desempenhos físicos. Embora pareçam similares, tais atividades são consideradas distintas pela literatura, e carecem de serem relacionadas com a capacidade aeróbia, e com respostas moleculares envolvidas com a performance. Tendo em vista todos os temas abordados, o objetivo geral do presente projeto baseia-se em verificar a influência do espaço físico da gaiola, bem como sua interação com as duas principais intervenções experimentais científicas (treinamento físico ou livre acesso à roda de atividade) sobre respostas fisiológicas e moleculares relacionadas com o metabolismo aeróbio e anaeróbio, composição corporal e estresse em ratos ao longo da idade (60, 90 e 150 dias). Além disso, verificar as relações entre a atividade espontânea e voluntária com parâmetros fisiológicos envolvidos com a performance no exercício
Abstract: Locomotion is extremely important and essential for animal life behavior. Thus, it becomes clear that the restricted confinement and therefore the suppression of many locomotors behaviors imposed to laboratory animals can cause negative physiological implications. Based on these problems, we verified if animals housed in conventional cages have worse exercise performance indicators when compared to animals exposed in increased housing space. Furthermore, we analyzed if the physical space of the cages is a more important factor than implementation of the exercise, given that physical training protocols in animal models fail to promote improvements in aerobic capacity over the age. On another topic, locomotion is closely related to genetic factors. We assumed that animals more active in the cage, exhibit higher metabolic and genetic advantages for the practice of exercise when compared to inactive animals. Therefore, we investigated whether the spontaneous and voluntary activities of animals already reflect propensities for better physical performance. Although they look similar, these activities are considered distinct in the literature. There is scarce information about the relationship of such with aerobic capacity and molecular responses involved with the performance. The overall goal of this project is based on checking the influence of the housing space of the cage as well as its interaction with the two main scientific experimental interventions (physical training or free access to activity wheel) on physiological and molecular responses related aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, body composition and stress in rats along age. In addition, to check the relationship between spontaneous and voluntary activity with physiological parameters involved with the exercise performance
Mestrado
Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e Esporte
Mestre em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo
Pires, Oscar César. "Efeitos da naloxona, da metissergida e da fentolamina, por via subaracnóidea, sobre a modulação da dor, através do teste de formalina modificado, em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-08032010-094321/.
Full textPrimary nociceptive afferents are projected from the periphery to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, where they activate a large number of second-order and spinal projection neurons. There are evidences that the passage of nociceptive information through the posterior horn of the spinal cord towards rostral levels of the central nervous system (CNS) are under profound excitatory and inhibitory influences. This research had as objective to compare the effects of the naloxone, methysergide and phentolamine, administered by intrathecal route, under phases I, II and intermediary of the modified formalin test in rats. Therefore, 35 male Wistar rats between 220 and 300 grams, randomly distributed in five groups (n = 7) to receive saline solution (GS), phentolamine (GF), naloxone (GN), methysergide (GM) or phentolamine associated to methysergide (GFM) were used. The induction of pain was performed with administration of formalin solution in the dorsal region of the posterior right paw. All paw lifting, not related to the march, were taken into account and the count was continuously performed during the 60 minute period. The test was divided into three phases: phase I, intermediary and phase II, whereas phase I comprised the number of elevations during the first five minutes, the intermediary phase from the sixth to the twentieth minute, and phase II, the number of elevations from the twentieth first minute up to the sixtieth minute to the sixtieth minute. The statistical analysis of the results obtained was performed using the program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), adopting a 5% significance level. For the variables: Weight, age and phase I of the test, the groups were statistically similar. In the five studied groups, the intermediary phase was different from the other two, while phases I and II were statistically similar. For the intermediary phase variable it was found a statistically significant difference among groups GF, GM, GFM when compared with groups GS and GN, and for the phase II variable it was found significant difference between group GN when compared with groups GC, GF, GM and GFM. In this study, methysergide, a non-selective antagonist of receptors 5-HT and phentolamine, a non-selective adrenoceptor antagonist, were effective in inhibiting the spinal pain modulating effect, suggesting inhibitory noradrenergic and serotonergic effect of spinal nociceptive transmission. However, such effects were not noticed with naloxone, and thus, a modulating spinal opioid effect was not established in the test interphase. During phase II of the formalin test, naloxone causes the decrease of nociceptive response to formalin, suggesting that the k-opiate receptors are involved in naloxone-induced analgesia.
Paim, Francine Chimelo. "Citocinas pró-inflamatórias em ratos experimentalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10087.
Full textThe aim of this study was to measure the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum of rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi and to correlate with the hematological parameters. Seventy-six rats (Wistar) were divided into two groups. Group C (control) composed of twenty-eight non-inoculated rats distributed in four subgroups with seven animals each (C3, C5, C10 and C20), which received 0.2 mL saline by intraperitoneally. The group T (infected) formed of forty-eight rats was inoculated intraperitoneally with cryopreserved blood containing 1x106 trypomastigotes per animal. These, eight animals died between 5th -7th days post-infection. The remaining animals were divided into four subgroups with ten animals (T3, T5, T10 and T20) according to parasitemia degree. The blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture at the day 3 (C3, T3), 5 (C5, T5), 10 (C10, T10) and 20 (C20, T20) post infection (pi) to perform the complete blood count and determination of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 levels using an ELISA quantitative sandwich. Immediately after collection the animals were euthanized. The levels of all measured cytokines increased significantly (P < 0.01) in infected animals compared to the controls. T. evansi infection in rats caused an increase in serum IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 and this increase was observed during the whole experimental infection. In addition, the increase in the cytokine levels was concomitant and directly correlated with parasitemia and anemia development at the parasitemia peak. These results suggest a synergism between these cytokines contributing to the development of anemia and the regulation of the immune response against the parasite.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis séricos das citocinas pró-inflamatórias interferon-gama (INF-γ), fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-α), interleucina 1 (IL-1) e interleucina 6 (IL-6) em ratos experimentalmente infectados por Trypanosoma evansi e estabelecer uma correlação com os parâmetros hematológicos. Setenta e seis ratos (Wistar) machos foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais. O Grupo C (controle) foi composto por vinte e oito ratos não inoculados distribuídos em quatro subgrupos com sete animais cada (C3, C5, C10 e C20), que receberam 0,2 mL de solução fisiológica pela via intraperitoneal. O grupo T (infectados) formado por quarenta e oito ratos inoculados intraperitonealmente com sangue criopreservado, contendo 1x106 tripomastigotas de T. evansi por animal. Destes, oito morreram entre o 5º e 7º dia pós-infecção. Os animais restantes foram divididos em quatro subgrupos de dez animais cada (T3, T5, T10 e T20) de acordo com o grau de parasitemia. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas por punção cardíaca, nos dias 3 (C3, T3), 5 (C5, T5), 10 (C10, T10) e 20 (C20,T20) pós-infecção (pi) para a realização do hemograma e determinação dos níveis séricos de INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-1 e IL-6 pela técnica de ELISA tipo sanduíche. Imediatamente após as coletas os animais eram submetidos à eutanásia. Os níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias aumentaram significativamente (P<0,01) nos animais infectados em relação ao grupo controle. A infecção por T. evansi em ratos provocou um aumento nos níveis séricos de INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 e esse aumento foi observado durante toda a infecção experimental. Além disso, o aumento nos níveis de citocinas foi diretamente correlacionado com a parasitemia e o desenvolvimento da anemia. Estes resultados sugerem um sinergismo entre essas citocinas contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da anemia e regulação da resposta imune contra o parasito.
Rodrigues, Alexandro dos Santos. "A influência dos pontos de acupuntura Zusanli (E36) e Sanyinjiao (BP6) no desenvolvimento de lesões hepáticas induzidas por Tioacetamida, em ratos Wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-30092010-154903/.
Full textThe fact o acupuncture have being considered an efficient method to treat lots of diseases and, being the liver, in men and animals, a common susceptible organ, this research was inspired to verify the electroacupuncture effect in hepatic lesion progression and its relationship with the liver performance at the same time that sanguinenous hepatic lesions markers (MSLH) was analysed. Each one identified, male wistar rats arround 250g was ditribucted in 7 (seven) groups, N=10: CP, CT, CI, ST36, ST36s, SP6 and SP6s. The first three was control-groups: CP to be these MSLH reference: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), albumin.(ALB), total protein (TP) and total bilirubin (TB); CT had the animals receiving only the hepatotoxic agent thioacetamide (25mg/100g) interperitoneal pathway, 3 (three) a week, for 7 (seven) weeks and CI had the same last proceedment increased for 20 minutes in isoflurane anesthetic to verify if interferences occures or not. About the others groups, we had ST36 receiving the same CI proceedments and treated by Zusanli (St-36) electroacupuncture point; ST36s again, but in a false-point (Sham ST36) next the real one. Groups SP6 and SP6s had the analogous treatment to points Sanyinjiao (SP-6) and its no-point. The next step was collect the nine groups livers and study them histologically. They was compared with CP references to mesuere some probable electroacupuncture influence in morphological and functional hepatic processes. MSLH results was: ALB in groups CP (2,97±0,3529) with CI (2,46±0,3134) and sanguinenous marker TP in groups CP (6,53±0,2452) with CI (5,73±0,4057), proving isoflurane interference; ALB in gropus CI with SP6 (2,84±0,2675) and in gropus SP6 with ST36s (2,4±0,2828), sanguinenous marker ALT in groups CI with SP6 and in groups SP6 with ST36 and sanguinenous marker AST in groups SP6 with ST36s, all of them proving the SP6 electroacupuncture point efficacy. The histological results conffirmed thioacetamide (TAA) actuation in animals (except group CP), through these lesions: focalized inflammation, apoptosis, piecemeal-necrosis, necrosis and portal-inflammation to hematoxylin and eosin analysis and fibrosis expansion and collagen bridges to Picrosirius colorations. These lesions was discovered in groups CT, CI, ST36s, SP6s, ST36 and SP6s. However, in the last two group was discovered less then the others, indicating electroacupuncture efficience in hepatic morphology.
Fredrich, Andréa Longoni. "Imunoexpressão de rankl, CCL5/RANTES e CCR5 em inflamação pulpar aguda em ratos, induzida por exposição tecidual, ácido lipoteicóico ou lipopolissacarídeo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6650.
Full textStudies on dental caries demonstrate inflammation on dental pulp tissues following infection. Cytokines are able to activate those cells linked to inflammatory and immune response thus neutralizing potentially aggressive agents and allowing tissue repair. Some of those cytokines, denominated chemokines, could contribute to the establishment of an immunotherapy able to control those cytokines involved with the triggering of dental pulp inflammation. Research on chronic inflammation has provided some relevant insights. However, the role of certain chemokines on acute inflammation is yet not conclusive. This study attempts to unveil the role of the chemokines CCL5/RANTES, CCR5 and RANKL on initial and acute pulpal inflammation. Methods: 18 Wistar rats were subjected to anesthesia. Access was performed on their first lower molars until pulp exposure. They were divided into three experimental groups considering the solution administered: Saline, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (n=6 each group). Higid second lower molars were used as controls. The cavities were sealed with amalgam and euthanasia occurred after 48 h and the jaws were dissected for histologic evaluation. CCL5/RANTES is expressed in all groups, unlike CCR5, that was not expressed. RANKL appears only in inflammatory cells, including control group. Only RANKL could be expressed during initial pulpal inflammation, being able to detect inflammatory cell activity.
Estudos de cárie demonstraram aspectos inflamatórios nos tecidos pulpares decorrentes de infecção estabelecida. Citocinas seriam capazes de ativar células ligadas à resposta inflamatória e imune no sentido de neutralizar potenciais agentes invasores e permitir o reparo dos tecidos pulpares. Algumas destas, denominadas quimiocinas, poderiam contribuir no estabelecimento de uma imunoterapia capaz de bloquear aquelas citocinas responsáveis pelo processo inflamatório. Na inflamação crônica estas pesquisas já possuem resultados satisfatórios. Na inflamação aguda, os estudos ainda estão inconclusivos. Este estudo teve como objetivo testar as quimiocinas CCL5/RANTES, CCR5 e RANKL na inflamação pulpar aguda. Métodos: 18 Ratos Wistar foram anestesiados. Foram feitas cavidades até a exposição pulpar nos primeiros molares inferiores. Eles foram divididos em três grupos onde se administrou solução salina estéril, lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) e ácido lipoteicóico (LTA) (n= 6 por grupo). Os segundos molares inferiores hígidos foram utilizados como controle. As cavidades foram seladas com amálgama e a eutanásia foi realizada após 48h. As mandíbulas foram dissecadas para exame histológico e da imunoexpressão das quimiocinas em estudo. Obteve-se como resultados: CCL5/RANTES é expressa em todos os grupos, ao contrário do CCR5, que não foi expressa. RANKL aparece apenas em células inflamatórias. Somente a expressão de RANKL foi capaz de demonstrar atividade celular na inflamação pulpar inicial.
Braga, Thalita Gagini. "A??o da piperina sobre a intoxica??o experimental de ratos por aflatoxinas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/858.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Piperine (1- piperoyl piperidine) main black pepper (Pipper nigrum Linn.) and long pepper (Piper longum Linn.) alkaloid presents several pharmacological and biochemical effects as enzymes inhibition from hepatic metabolism interfering on xenobiotics and pro-carcinogenic substances biotransformation activated by P-450 cytochromo cycle. According to the scientific bibliography reports, piperine has been able in vitro for decreasing cytotoxicity as well as aflatoxin B1 genotoxicity on mice cells through the competition by P-450 cytochromo. Due to the importance of grains contamination by aflatoxinas, this survey had as proposal to verify piperine ability for decreasing in vivo some damages caused by these toxins. On first, at different piperine doses (1,12; 2,25 and 4,50 mg/Kg) Lou-M strain rats groups were inoculated by oral administrated to evaluated this amide toxicity on animal pattern. Parameters as: weight grain, anatomopathological and histopathological analyses beyond changes on hematological values have been researched. Piperine doses (1,12 mg/Kg) has showed to be appropriate as well as safe on biological assays and it has been used on rats experimental intoxication assays by aflatoxins. Three rats groups were inoculated with piperine (1,12 mg/Kg), aflatoxins (72 μg/ 100 g) as well as piperine + aflatoxins according to the same parameters above described. Piperine has been able for interfering in vivo on aflatoxins toxicity, conspicuously decreasing histopathological injuries on intoxicated animals and significantly returning immunosupression mediated by aflatoxins.
A piperina (1-piperoil piperidina), principal amida constituinte da pimenta preta (Piper nigrum Linn.) e da pimenta longa (P. longum Linn.), apresenta diversos efeitos farmacol?gicos e bioqu?micos, como a inibi??o de enzimas do metabolismo hep?tico, interferindo na biotransforma??o de xenobi?ticos e subst?ncias pr?-carcin?genas ativadas pela via do citocromo P450. A literatura descreve a piperina como sendo capaz, in vitro, de diminuir a citotoxidez e a genotoxidez da aflatoxina B1 em c?lulas de ratos, atrav?s da competi??o pelo citocromo P450. Devido ? import?ncia da contamina??o de gr?os por aflatoxinas, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a capacidade da piperina em diminuir, in vivo, os danos causados por essas toxinas. Inicialmente, grupos de ratos da linhagem LOUM foram inoculados, via oral, com diferentes doses de piperina (1,12; 2,25 e 4,50 mg/kg de peso corporal), visando avaliar a toxidez dessa amida no modelo animal empregado. Par?metros como: ganho de peso, an?lises anatomopatol?gica e histopatol?gica, al?m das altera??es nos valores hematol?gicos foram investigados. A dose de 1,12 mg/kg de peso corporal de piperina demonstrou ser segura nos ensaios biol?gicos e foi empregada nos ensaios de intoxica??o experimental de ratos com aflatoxinas. Tr?s grupos de ratos foram inoculados com piperina (1,12 mg/kg de peso corporal), aflatoxinas (72 μg/100g de peso corporal) e, piperina + aflatoxinas, sendo avaliados os mesmos par?metros acima descritos. A piperina foi capaz de interferir na toxidez das aflatoxinas, in vivo, diminuindo de forma acentuada as les?es histopatol?gicas evidenciadas nos animais intoxicados e, revertendo de forma significativa a imunossupress?o mediada pelas aflatoxinas.
Vieira, Bárbara Martins. "Padronização de dose de tetracloreto de carbono em modelo de lesão hepática aguda por estresse oxidativo em ratos Wistar." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4309.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is recognized as a classic hepatotoxin, being considered the best method to induce liver injury, commonly used as a model to test the hepatoprotective effect of drugs and natural substances and for investigation of hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, in both in vivo and in vitro studies. This study aimed to standardize the lowest dose of CCl4 to cause acute liver injury by oxidative stress in Wistar rats. The in vivo experiment was carried out with 12 male Wistar rats (180-240g),which were maintained for 16 days under controlled environment and supplied with water and Purina® rodent ad libitum. The animals were separated into four groups: CG - control group; G0,5 - dose of 0.5 ml / kg body weight (bw); G0,75 - dose of 0.75 ml / kg bw and G1 - dose of 1 ml / kg bw. CCl4 was administered by intraperitoneal injection twice a week. 24h after the last CCl4 administration, all animals were anesthetized (xylazine: ketamine - 1: 1 v / v) for performing cardiac puncture, euthanasia and dissection of the liver for removal and analysis. Results obtained were subjected to normality test, and followed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means (Tukey at 5% probability - post-hoc). It was observed that the mean weights of rats treated with CCl4 were higher than that of to the GC and the liver protein content (in g / 100 g) was lower in the treated groups, with no statistical difference between the test groups. Histopathological analysis showed changes in the structure, increased numbers of macrophages with intracellular lipid accumulation and increased cellular infiltration in groups treated with CCl4. By quantifying the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST), it was found that the CCl4-treated groups showed significantly higher levels than CG, being higher in G1 compared to the other groups tested. All tested concentrations of CCl4 induced liver injury in vivo, in different degrees, and the concentration of 0.5 mL / kg bw, administered twice weekly, was the lowest dose tested that could cause changes in all the parameters evaluated. Therefore, this is the ideal dose for induction of acute liver injury, aiming to test the modulatory role of dietary and nutritional factors.
O Tetracloreto de Carbono (CCl4) é reconhecido como hepatotoxina clássica, sendo considerada a melhor substância para induzir lesão hepática, comumente utilizado como modelo para testar o efeito hepatoprotetor de drogas e substâncias naturais e para investigação de hepatotoxicidade, citotoxicidade e estresse oxidativo, tanto para estudos in vivo quanto in vitro. O presente estudo visou padronizar a menor dose de CCl4 capaz de provocar lesão hepática aguda por estresse oxidativo em ratos Wistar. O experimento in vivo foi realizado com 12 ratos Wistar adultos, machos, mantidos em condições de ambiente controladas e fornecimento de água e ração distribuídos ad libitum. O ensaio teve duração de 16 dias. Os animais foram separados em quatro grupos, sendo: GC – grupo controle; G0,5 – dose de 0,5 mL/kg de peso corporal (pc); G0,75 – dose de 0,75 mL/kg de pc e G1 – dose de 1 mL/kg de pc. O CCI4 foi administrado via injeção intraperitoneal, duas vezes por semana. Após 24h da última administração de CCI4, todos os animais foram anestesiados para realização de punção cardíaca, eutanásia e dissecação para retirada do fígado e análises. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade e, posteriormente, à análise de variância e comparação de médias. Observou-se que o peso do fígado dos ratos tratados com CCl4 foi maior em todos os grupos tratados em comparação ao GC e o teor protéico do fígado (em g/100g) foi menor nos grupos tratados, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos teste. As análises histopatológicas mostraram alteração na estrutura do tecido hepático, aumento do número de macrófagos com acúmulo intracelular de lipídeos e aumento do infiltrado celular nos grupos tratados com CCl4. Por meio da quantificação das enzimas alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e alanina aspartato aminotransferase (AST), verificou-se que os grupos tratados com CCl4 apresentaram concentrações significativamente mais elevadas em relação ao GC, sendo maiores no G1 em comparação aos demais grupos testados. Todas as concentrações de CCl4 testadas induziram lesão hepática, em diferentes graus, sendo a concentração de 0,5 mL/kg de pc, administrada duas vezes por semana, a menor dose testada que conseguiu provocar alterações em todos os parâmentos avaliados. Portanto, esta é a dose mais indicada para indução de lesão hepática aguda, objetivando testar o papel modulador de fatores alimentares e nutricionais.
Ramos, Luiz Alberto Ferreira 1960. "Efeito da melatonina sobre parametros cardiovasculares em ratos portadores de hipertensão arterial pulmonar induzida por monocrotalina." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314784.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar (HAP) é uma patologia caracterizada pelo aumento da resistência dos vasos pulmonares, aumento na pressão Arterial pulmonar e hipertrofia do ventrículo direito, prejudicando as trocas gasosas alveolares e a função cardíaca. Por outro lado, a melatonina (N-Acetil-5- metoxitriptamina), o principal hormônio produzido pela glândula pineal, pode reduzir o tônus do músculo liso vascular promovendo redução da resistência periférica e, consequentemente, diminuição da pressão arterial em ratos hipertensos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da melatonina sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares de ratos portadores de HAP induzida por monocrotalina. Ratos Wistar adultos pesando com 250g foram distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais (n=5): CO (controle); CML (controle melatonina); MT (monocrotalina); MTML (monocrotalina+melatonina). A HAP foi induzida pela administração de dose única de monocrotalina (60 mg/kg i.p.) no primeiro dia de experimento. Melatonina (15 mg/kg i.p.) foi administrada diariamente, durante os 28 dias do período experimental. Os animais foram anestesiados (ketamina 100 mg/kg + xilazina 7 mg/kg de peso corpóreo i.m.) para a obtenção de parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e avaliação da pressão arterial e, posteriormente foram submetidos à eutanásia por aprofundamento anestésico, para o estudo da reatividade vascular e para análise histológica do coração e pulmões. Os resultados mostraram que melatonina reduziu significativamente a resposta contrátil da artéria pulmonar em relação aos ratos controles e portadores de HAP para resposta mínima da reatividade vascular à noradrenalina. A análise histológica mostrou que a melatonina aumentou significativamente a área do lúmen das artérias pré-acinares pulmonares e a área alveolar do grupo MTML, em relação ao grupo MT, o qual apresentou valores significativamente reduzidos, em relação ao grupo CO. Além disso, a melatonina proporcionou nos animais tratados com monocrotalina menor desvio do eixo elétrico para a direita em consequência, provavelmente, do menor grau de hipertrofia ventricular direita o que acarretou em redução do intervalo QT e, consequentemente, na prevenção do risco de morte súbita decorrente das alterações cardíacas desencadeadas pela hipertensão arterial pulmonar. Melatonina, também, preveniu a redução da pressão arterial média nos animais cuja oxigenação tecidual encontrava-se, provavelmente, prejudicada pelas alterações pulmonares e cardíacas induzidas pela monocrotalina. Concluindo, melatonina atenuou os efeitos deletérios da monocrotalina sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares e pulmonares neste modelo de hipertensão arterial pulmonar
Abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy and impairs alveolar gas exchange and cardiac function. Moreover, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-metoxytryptamine), the main hormone produced by the pineal gland can reduce the tone of vascular smooth muscle was a reduction in peripheral resistance and thus lowering blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on cardiovascular parameters of rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH. Male Wistar rats weighing 250g were divided into four experimental groups (n = 5): CO (control), CML (control melatonin), MT (monocrotaline), MTML (monocrotaline + melatonin). PAH was induced by administration of single dose of monocrotaline (60 mg / kg ip) on the first day of the experiment. Melatonin (15 mg / kg ip) was administered daily for 28 days trial period. The animals were anesthetized (Ketamine 100 mg / kg + xylazine 7 mg / kg body weight im) to obtain electrocardiographic parameters and blood pressure evaluation and later euthanized by deep anesthesia, to study the vascular reactivity and for histological analysis of the heart and lungs. The results showed that melatonin significantly reduced the contractile response of pulmonary artery and control rats with PAH for maximum response of vascular reactivity to norepinephrine. Histological analysis showed that melatonin significantly increased the lumen area of the pre-acinar pulmonary alveolar area and the group's HTML, for the TM group, which had significantly reduced compared to the CO group. Moreover, melatonin delivered in animals treated with monocrotaline minor electrical axis deviation to the right as a result, probably the lowest degree of right ventricular hypertrophy which resulted in a reduction of the QT interval and thus to prevent the risk of sudden death due of cardiac abnormalities triggered by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Melatonin also prevented the reduction in mean arterial pressure in animals in which tissue oxygenation was, probably affected by changes in pulmonary and cardiac changes induced by monocrotaline. In conclusion, melatonin attenuated the deleterious effects of monocrotaline on cardiovascular parameters in this model of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Silva, Elisângela Barboza da. "Análises macro e microscópica de enxertos cutâneos por semeadura após laserterapia de baixa intensidade /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101176.
Full textBanca: Gustavo Garkalns de Souza Oliveira
Banca: Lúcia Helena Vasques
Banca: Paola Castro Moraes
Banca: Gilson Helio Toniollo
Resumo: Os enxertos de pele são uma alternativa para o fechamento de lesões extensas onde a reaproximação dos bordos da ferida não é possível. A incorporação do enxerto no leito receptor depende de conexões arteriais e venosas dessas duas partes. Baseando-se em trabalhos em que a laserterapia de baixa intensidade acelera o processo de cicatrização e favorece angiogênese e, com intenção de se obter melhor resultado em enxertos cutâneos por semeadura, optou-se pela aplicação do laser HeNe. Dessa forma 20 ratos foram submetidos a esta técnica de enxertia e separados em dois grupos iguais, um tratado com laser e outro não (controle). Os resultados mostraram maior velocidade de cicatrização, menor tempo de reação inflamatória, maior número de vasos sanguíneos, epitelização e queratinização precoces nos animais tratados com laser em relação aos não tratados, sugerindo então que a laserterapia de baixa intensidade é efetiva para o uso em enxertos por semeadura
Abstract: Skin grafts are the alternative to close big lesions, when the borders approach are difficult or impossible. The graft incorporation on receptor site depends of blood vessels conection. Based on literature that low-level laser therapy acceletares the cicatricial process and favors the angiogenesis, HeNe laser was applied to accelerate the cicatricial process on island skin grafts. For this, 20 rats were submitted to this graft technique and divided in two groups with the same number of animals, one called laser and other called control. The results show faster cicatrization, short inflammatory period, larger number of blood vessels and precocious epitelization and queratinization on he laser group. These facts suggest that low-level laser therapy is effective and helps island skin grafts cicatrization
Doutor
Durand, Stéphanie Ducos de Lahitte Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude des races équine miniatures." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2127/1/debouch_2127.pdf.
Full textCrege, Danilo Roberto Xavier de Oliveira 1981. "Análise do perfil metabólico e cardiovascular de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica por quatro semanas." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314095.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A mudança no estilo de vida, principalmente por conta do sedentarismo e da ingestão de dietas com grandes quantidades calóricas, tem aumentado significativamente a prevalência de doenças crônico-degenerativas na população. Diversas pesquisas mostram que a obesidade é responsável por predispor uma grande variedade de distúrbios metabólicos que muitas vezes aparecem combinados levando a chamada síndrome metabólica. A síndrome metabólica é caracterizada pela presença de um grupo de fatores de risco como obesidade central, resistência à insulina, aumento da pressão arterial e esteatose hepática. Nosso laboratório realiza desde 1996, estudos envolvendo a utilização de dietas hiperlipídicas e as implicações nestes tecidos, a fim de contribuir para o esclarecimento de como cardiopatias e alterações metabólicas são instaladas nestes modelos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações metabólicas e cardiovasculares em ratos submetidos ao tratamento com dieta hiperlipídica por quatro semanas e comparar com outros modelos estudados no laboratório. Para análise das alterações metabólicas nos ratos que fizeram ingesta da dieta hiperlipídica foram utilizadas técnicas de: clamp euglicêmicohiperinsulinêmico, isolamento de adipócitos do panículo epididimal para verificação da captação de glicose e produção de lactato e glicerol, além da análise morfométrica destes adipócitos. A análise das alterações cardiovasculares foi realizada utilizando parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e procedimentos de histologia cardíaca. Nossos resultados mostraram que ratos, que fizeram ingesta da dieta hiperlipídica por quatro semanas, apresentaram resistência à insulina verificada pela redução na taxa de infusão de glicose durante o clamp euglicêmico-hiperinsulinêmico. Além disso, a captação de glicose pelos adipócitos isolados da região epididimal também foi significativamente menor. A redução na captação de glicose, provavelmente, foi responsável pela diminuição na produção de lactato por estes adipócitos isolados dos ratos hiperlipidêmicos. A lipólise basal não foi alterada, entretanto, a estimulada por agonistas adrenérgicos apresentou-se diminuída, sendo que estas alterações não comprometeram a morfometria dos adipócitos epididimais. Os ratos dislipidêmicos também apresentaram alterações cardíacas, como a hipertrofia, avaliada pela análise histológica do coração. Estes resultados demonstram que a ingesta de dieta hiperlipídica por quatro semanas é capaz de promover alterações metabólicas, sugerindo instalação do quadro de resistência à insulina, sem causar alterações na glicemia, além de levar a hipertrofia cardíaca, sendo, portanto, um modelo útil para o estudo de complicações iniciais decorrentes da ingestão de dieta hiperlipídica
Abstract: Changes in lifestyle, especially due to sedentarism and intake of high caloric diets have significantly increased the prevalence of chronic diseases in the population. Many researches show that obesity is responsible to a huge variety of metabolic disorders that usually appears combined leading to a disease known as the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the presence of a group of risk factors such as central obesity, insulin resistance, increase in blood pressure and hepatic steatosis. Our laboratory conducts, since 1996, studies involving the use of high-fat diet and the implications in these tissues in order to contribute to the comprehension of how cardiopathies and metabolic disorders are installed in these models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in rats fed with highfat diet during four weeks and to compare this information with other models used in our laboratory. To analyze the metabolic changes in rats that were fed with high-fat diet, we used the following techniques: euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, adipocytes isolation from epididymal panniculus, for the verification of glucose uptake, lactate and glycerol production, besides morphometric analysis of these adipocytes. The analyses of cardiovascular disorders were performed using electrocardiographic parameters and cardiac histology procedures. Our results demonstrated that, rats, fed with high-fat diet during four weeks showed insulin resistance, verified by reduction in the rate of glucose infusion, during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. In addition, glucose uptake by isolated adipocytes from epididymal tissue was significantly lower. The reduction in glucose uptake probably was the responsible for diminish lactate production by these isolated adipocytes of hyperlipidemic rats. Basal lipolysis was not altered, however, the one stimulated by adrenergic agonists was reduced, and these changes did not affect the morphometry of epididymal adipocytes. The dislipidemic rats also showed cardiac alterations, such as hypertrophy, observed in a hystologic analyses of the heart. These results demonstrate that the intake of high-fat diet during for weeks is able to promote metabolic disorders, suggesting insulin resistance development, however, without promotes glycemic alterations, besides leads to cardiac hypertrophy, and is therefore, a useful model to study these initial complications resulting from the ingestion of high-fat diet
Doutorado
Fisiologia
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Carmo, Mônica Cristina Lopes 1989. "Efeitos da suplementação com suco de romã sobre parâmetros de estresse oxidativo induzidos por natação exaustiva em ratos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/244480.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
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Resumo: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com o extrato etanólico de polpa da Romã (Punica granatum L.) na resposta antioxidante em ratos submetidos a exercício físico até a exaustão. Foram utilizados 39 ratos Wistar, machos, com 4 meses de vida e massa corporal de 404,32 ± 18,17g. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: CTL - 9 ratos não suplementados e não participantes do teste de exaustão; DI - 10 ratos pré-suplementados durante 21 dias com o extrato etanólico de polpa de romã na dose de 0,875 mmol de polifenóis/dia e submetidos a um teste de exaustão; DII - 10 ratos submetidos às mesmas condições que DI, porém recebendo a pré-suplementação na dose de 1,75 mmol de polifenóis/dia; NAT - 10 ratos submetidos ao mesmo protocolo que DI e DII, entretanto não suplementados. Os grupos DI, DII e NAT realizaram uma sessão aguda de natação até a exaustão. Foi observado que os animais suplementados conseguiram nadar por mais tempo que os animais que não receberam o extrato de polpa de romã; o grupo DI apresentou um aumento de 86,55% e DII de 64,86% em relação ao tempo de natação do grupo NAT. A suplementação proporcionou a diminuição dos valores de MDA e H2O2 no plasma e no gastrocnêmio. A atividade das enzimas antioxidantes CAT, SOD, GR e GST no grupo DI e DII se mostraram reduzidas no tecido hepático quando comparados ao NAT. Verificou-se que, o extrato preparado a partir da fruta de cultivo doméstico apresentou valores mais elevados de atividade antioxidante que a fruta de escala comercial avaliada pelos métodos de ORAC (60,77 + 3,656 µmol Trolox/g polpa de romã liofilizada ¿ fruta de escala comercial, 68,78 + 4,940 µmol Trolox/g polpa de romã liofilizada ¿ fruta de cultivo doméstico), fenólicos totais (8,123 + 0,225 mg de eq. Ácido Gálico/g de polpa de romã liofilizada ¿ fruta de cultivo doméstico, 6,815 + 0,121 mg de eq. Ácido Gálico/g de polpa de romã liofilizada ¿ fruta de escala comercial) e por ABTS+ (31,786 + 0,326 µmol Trolox /g polpa de romã liofilizada ¿ fruta de escala comercial, 43,151 + 0,652 µmol Trolox /g polpa de romã liofilizada ¿ fruta de cultivo doméstico). A partir dos achados podemos concluir que a suplementação com o extrato de romã propiciou melhora no desempenho físico (tempo de natação) e favoreceu a proteção contra o excessivo ataque oxidativo. Os compostos bioativos da romã desempenharam um papel antioxidante
Abstract: The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with ethanol extract of pulp of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in antioxidant response in rats submitted to exercise until exhaustion. Were used 39 male Wistar rats, 4 months of age and body weight of 404,32 ± 18,17 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups: CTL - 9 rats not supplemented and not participants of the exhaustion test , DI - 10 rats pre-supplemented for 21 days with the ethanol extract of pomegranate pulp at a dose of 0,875 mmol of polyphenols/day and subjected to a test of exhaustion; DII - 10 rats subjected to the same conditions DI, but getting the pre-supplementation at a dose of 1,75 mmol of polyphenols/day; NAT - 10 rats submitted the same protocol that DI and DII , however not supplemented. The groups DI, DII and NAT performed a session of swimming acute until exhaustion. It was observed that the supplemented animals could swim longer than animals that did not receive the extract of pomegranate pulp , the DI group showed an increase of 86,55 % and DII of 64,86 % in relation with time swimming of group NAT . The supplementation decreased the levels of MDA and H2O2 in plasma and gastrocnemius. The activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GR and GST in groups DI and DII showed reduced in liver when compared to NAT. It was found that the extract prepared from the fruit of domestic cultivation had higher values of the antioxidant activity that the fruit commercial scale assessed by methods ORAC (60,77 + 3,656 µmol Trolox/g of lyophilized pulp pomegranate - fruit commercial scale; 68,78 + 4,940 µmol Trolox/g lyophilized pulp pomegranate - fruit of domestic cultivation), total phenolics (8,123 + 0,225 mg of eq. Gallic Acid/g lyophilized pulp pomegranate - fruit of domestic cultivation; 6,815 + 0,121 mg eq Gallic Acid/g lyophilized pulp pomegranate - fruit commercial scale) and ABTS+ (31,786 + 0,326 940 µmol Trolox/g lyophilized pulp pomegranate - fruit commercial scale; 43,151 + 0,652 940 µmol Trolox/g lyophilized pulp pomegranate - fruit of domestic cultivation). From the findings we can conclude that supplementation with pomegranate extract showed an improvement in physical performance (swimming time) and favored the protection against excessive oxidative attack. The bioactive compounds of pomegranate antioxidant played a role
Mestrado
Nutrição
Mestra em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo
Costa, Rafael Izar Domingues da. "Efeitos da N-acetilcisteína na resposta inflamatória e na translocação bacteriana em modelo de obstrução e isquemia intestinal em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-14122017-114202/.
Full textMechanical intestinal obstruction represents a condition of urgency, necessary early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, due to their high degree of morbidity and mortality. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine associated with lactated Ringer\'s or hypertonic saline solution in the inflammatory response, histology and translocation in an experimental model of intestinal obstruction and ischemia. For Four experimental groups were constituted with 10 Wistar rats each, in addition to the reference group: OI - submitted to obstruction and ischemia intestinal and enterectomy with intestinal anastomosis, without volume resuscitation; RL - Undergoing intestinal obstruction and ischemia, volume resuscitation with Ringer\'s lactate (32ml / kg, i.v., within 10 minutes) and anastomosis enterectomy intestinal; RLNAC - Undergoing obstruction and intestinal ischemia, resuscitation with lactated Ringer\'s lactating NAC (32 ml / kg + 150 mg / kg i.v. in 10 minutes) and enterectomy with intestinal anastomosis; SHNAC - Submitted to obstruction and intestinal ischemia, volume resuscitation with saline solution hypertension at 7.5% associated with CAP (4 ml / kg + 150 mg / kg i.v., in 10 minutes) and enterectomy with intestinal anastomosis. Reference Group (n = 5): Anesthetized animals, submitted to collection of materials for culture and histology and sacrificed by exsanguination. The animals received a anesthetic association of ketamine and intramuscular xylazine in limb posterior right, at the dose of 60mg / kg and 10mg / kg, respectively. After 24 h of treatment, euthanasia was performed by exsanguination, under anesthesia, after collection of tissues
Nascimento, Regina Aparecida do. "Efeitos da doxiciclina relacionados à inibição das metaloproteinases em modelo de pré-eclâmpsia induzida por l-name em ratas." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180441.
Full textResumo: O óxido nítrico (NO) é um gás produzido principalmente por células endoteliais, e durante a época gestacional, contribui para evitar aumento exacerbado da resistência vascular sistêmica (RVS), uma vez que, durante esse período, aumenta-se o volume sanguíneo e a frequência cardíaca. Quando, há disfunções endoteliais, reduz-se a biodisponibilidade de NO, provocando vasoconstrição e esta, por sua vez, consequentemente aumenta atividade das MMPs. Essa queda do NO e aumento das MMPs culminam em desordens hipertensivas gestacionais. Segundo estudos anteriores realizados em modelos de hipertensão em machos a doxiciclina, um antibiótico derivado das tetraciclinas, diminuiu a pressão arterial sistólica devido a sua capacidade de inibir a atividade das MMPs. No entanto, há escassez de trabalhos que desenvolveram estudos sobre os efeitos da doxicicilina em modelos animais de hipertensão gestacional. Por esse motivo, investigamos os efeitos da doxiciclina na inibição das MMPs na hipertensão gestacional, induzida pelo Nω-nitro-L-arginina-metil éster (LNAME) em ratas. Para tanto, realizamos zimografia para avaliar a atividade da MMP-2 e -9 na placenta, no útero e na aorta torácica. Ainda avaliamos a pressão arterial sistólica, o desenvolvimento feto-placentário e os metabólitos do NO. Também foi avaliada a capacidade antioxidante plasmática, os níveis plasmáticos de soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) e o fator de crescimento placentário (PLGF). Nossos dados mostram que o tratament... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas produced mainly by endothelial cells, and during the gestational period contributes to avoid an exacerbated increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), since during this period, there is a rise in blood volume and heart rate. When there are endothelial dysfunctions, the bioavailability of NO is reduced, causing vasoconstriction and this, in turn, consequently increases the activity of MMPs. This decrease in NO and increase in MMPs culminates in gestational hypertensive disorders. According to previous studies in non-gestational hypertension models, doxycycline, an antibiotic derived from tetracyclines, lowered systolic blood pressure due to its ability to inhibit MMP activity. However, there is a shortage of works that have developed studies on the effects of doxycycline in animal models of gestational hypertension. For this reason, we investigated the effects of doxycycline on the inhibition of MMPs in gestational hypertension, induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) in rats. We performed a zymography to evaluate the activity of MMP-2 and -9 in the placenta, uterus and thoracic aorta. We also evaluated systolic blood pressure, fetalplacental development and NO metabolites. Plasma antioxidant capacity, plasma levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PLGF) were also evaluated. Our data shows that the treatment with L-NAME increased blood pressure and decreased the offspring of these animals. ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Antonietto, Eduardo. "Densidade mineral óssea de vértebras de ratos wistar suspensos pela cauda por 15 e 36 dias /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92193.
Full textBanca: Roberto Carvalhal
Banca: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni
Resumo: A suspensão de ratos pela cauda é modelo utilizado para investigar o comportamento ósseo em animais impossibilitados de se locomoverem. O osso é um tecido adaptativo que se desenvolve em sua estrutura e função, entre outros fatores, em resposta a forças mecânicas aplicadas a ele e demandas metabólicas que o mesmo venha sofrer. A ausência de forças mecânicas e de deformação óssea faz com que ocorra uma diminuição na deposição de cálcio por ausência de estímulos nos osteoblastos e osteócitos, favorecendo a ação dos osteoclastos, tornando o osso enfraquecido e quebradiço. Portanto, a ação mecânica é necessária para estimular a resposta óssea local e, assim, proporcionar seu crescimento e remodelamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, através da densitometria radiográfica, se a suspensão pela cauda por 15 e 36 dias altera a densidade mineral óssea das vértebras cervical (C3), torácica (T6) e lombar (L1 e L3) de ratos Wistar. Trinta Rattus norvegicus albinus, adultos, machos, linhagem Wistar, massa corpórea média de ± 350g, foram divididos em 3 grupos: controle (n=10) - não suspenso; S15 (n=10) - suspenso por 15 dias e S36 (n=10) - suspenso por 36 dias. Para análise densitométrica as vértebras foram radiografadas, escaneadas, digitalizadas e analisadas pelo programa computacional ImageJ®. Houve aumento estatisticamente significante da densidade mineral óssea no grupo S15, provavelmente pela inquietação dos animais à suspensão, com diminuição no grupo S36, fato este hipoteticamente ligado à acomodação dos mesmos, concluindo que a suspensão pela cauda alterou a densidade mineral óssea num primeiro momento com diminuição com o passar do tempo
Abstract: The suspension of rats by the tail model is used to investigate the behavior of bone in animals unable to move around. Bone is an adaptative tissue that develops in structure and function, among other factors, in response to mechanical forces applied to it and metabolic demands that it will suffer. The absence of mechanical forces and deformation of bone that occurs causes a decrease in calcium deposition in the absence of stimuli on osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the action of osteoclasts, making bones weak and brittle. Therefore, the mechanical action is necessary to stimulate local bone response and thus provide growth and remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluable by radiographic densitometry, the tail suspension for 15 and 36 days alter the bone mineral density of cervical vertebrae (C3), thoracic (T6) and lumbar (L1 and L3) of Wistar rats. Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus, adult, male, Wistar strain, average body mass ± 350g, were divided into 3 groups: control (n = 10) - not suspended; S15 (n = 10) - suspended for 15 days and S36 (n = 10) - suspended for 36 days. For densitometric analysis vertebrae were radiographed, scanned, digitized and analyzed by the computer program ImageJ ®. There was a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density in group S15, probably by the restlessness of the animals to the suspension, with a decrease in group S36, and this hypothetically is linked to the accommodation of the rats, concluding that the tail suspension altered bone mineral density in first time with a decrease over time
Mestre
Brazão, Vânia. "Avaliação da suplementação de zinco e melatonina durante a infecção experimental por Trypanosoma cruzi." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-11012013-111845/.
Full textThe identification of molecules with potential therapeutic actions and the comprehension of the mechanisms involved in modulating the immune response by the administration of pharmacologically active substances in experimental models infected with Trypanosoma cruzi have contributed significantly in the investigation of new therapies for Chagas\' disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the actions of zinc and melatonin on host\'s immunity during the acute phase of experimental Chagas\' disease, enhancing the immune response generated against the parasite. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible immunomodulatory effect of zinc and melatonin administration in male Wistar rats during the chronic phase of T. cruzi infection, using the following parameters: measurement of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN- and TNF-, nitric oxide, proliferation of splenocytes, flow cytometry for phenotypic analysis of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells subpopulations, dendritic cells, NK cells (CD161+) and NK T (CD3+CD161+), macrophages, co-stimulatory molecules CD28, CD80 and CD86, RT1B, analysis of markers CD11a and CD25 and detection of the apoptosis process. The immunomodulator effect of zinc and melatonin during the chronic phase of Chagas\' disease was evaluated by a reduction of the percentage of macrophages, dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, cellular apoptosis, the concentrations of nitric oxide, IFN- and MCP-1. In addition, the treatment with zinc and melatonin during the experimental infection resulted in significant changes in the immune response, as evidenced by the increased percentage of regulatory T cells, cell proliferation and cytokine levels of IL- 2, IL-4 and IL-10. The development of new therapeutic strategies that can modulate the inflammatory response, contributing to prevention of tissue damage observed in the chronic phase, are important targets in the treatment of Chagas disease.
Paula, Marco Aurélio Vieira de. "Participação da endotelina-1 na sinovite induzida por carragenina na articulação temporomandibular de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-18092012-100051/.
Full textTemporomandibular disorders are secondary to inflammation and pain. Studies show the involvement of ET in nociception. Weve investigated the role of ET1 in synovitis induced by CGN injection on the rats TMJ. Intra-articular injections of CGN, ET1 or ETB receptor agonist BQ3020 were performed at the TMJ. After 4h, hyperalgesia was assessed using a digital analgesimeter and the joint cavities were washed for total and differential leukocyte counting. ETA and ETB receptors antagonists were co-injected with CGN and ET1, and the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine with ET1. ET1, BQ3020 and CGN induced hyperalgesia, which was inhibited by simultaneous (but not single) antagonists ETA and ETB injection. The capsazepine did not affect the ET1 nociceptive effect. Neither ET1, BQ3020 nor antagonists of ET receptors affect leukocyte infiltration. Based on these results we conclude that the ET1 induces hyperalgesia and its involved in CGN induced nociception through ETA and ETB receptors, without any effect on the leukocytes migration.
Orlandini, Lorena Floriani. "Avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos em ratos wistar expostos à amônia por inalação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/48967.
Full textAlthough the importance of controlling the levels of ammonia in animal facilities has been acknowledged for many years now, and several consequences of exposure by inhalation in conventional laboratory species on the respiratory tract have been described in the literature, there are few studies assessing the systemic and subclinical effects on animals. This study aimed at assessing the hematological and biochemical profile in Wistar rats housed under adverse environmental conditions (ammonia build-up) with stay time of 5 (Group 1, n=20), 10 (Group 2, n=20) or 15 days (Group 3, n=20). The increase in the levels of pollutants in the experimental environment housing was achieved by reducing the rate of ventilation and the placement of soiled bedding served, in order to achieve an average concentration of ammonia of approximately 90 ppm, ranging from 76 to 106 ppm. The hematological analysis revealed that animals in Group 1 had hemoglobin and hematocrit values significantly higher than all other groups. Concerning the biochemical parameters, once again it was observed that Group 1 differed statically from the Control Group, Group 2 and Group 3 regarding creatinine and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Differences between Group 1 and the other experimental groups were found regarding alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase and glucose. The other parameters showed variable results, apparently inconclusive. In conclusion, the analysis of the results indicates that most changes in the hematological and biochemical profile of the animals exposed occur between day 0 and day 5, and then return to baseline, in reason of a possible adaptive response to the increase of atmospheric ammonia concentration in the environment housing.
Souza, Andressa de. "Avaliação do efeito do padrão temporal sobre parâmetros comportamentais e bioquímicos na resposta ao estresse por restrição em ratos wistar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24615.
Full textThe biological rhythm can be understood as an expression of a cyclic biological phenomenon. Physiological markers such as melatonin and corticosterone are under the influence of endogenous clocks and respond to different variations of light intensities may be involved in behavioral changes. Several reports have documented an increase in their concentrations in the presence of stressful situations. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the temporal pattern of behavioral and biochemical parameters in response to stress by restraint in rats. We used male Wistar rats with 70 days (150-180g) were divided into four groups by Zeitgebers (ZT) 0, 6, 12 and 18, subdivided into: control, immediately, 6 and 24 hours after a session of stress restriction. For the behavioral assessment, we used the open field apparatus (OF) and Plus Maze (PM). We analyzed the serum levels: corticosterone, melatonin, glucose and activity of the enzymes NTPDase and 5'nucleotidase. Data were expressed as Mean + SEM, and analyzed using one-way ANOVA/SNK, P <0.05. Behavioral responses measured in the PM showed a temporal pattern in the number of PHD and NPHD, and time spent in open arms and closed. Data from OF showed only temporal pattern in the number of dung pats. Exposure to restraint stress was able to break the rhythm pattern observed in the behaviors evaluated in the PM and OF. In relation the systemic biomarkers was observed immediately after stress there is a loss of temporal pattern of corticosterone levels and 6 h after stress there is a phase delay of ZT0 to ZT18, whereas 24 hours after stress levels return to standard time normal; immediately after the stress showed a suppression of normal melatonin peak (ZT18), with the peak in the morning (ZT0), 6 and 24 hours after stress was a loss of temporal pattern. Glucose levels had the highest peak at ZT18 similar to melatonin. Observed a reversal of the rhythmic pattern associated with a decrease in ZT18, held until 6 hours after glucose levels immediately after stress, and the temporal pattern returned 24 hours after stress. In enzymatic activity, we observed that acute stress causes a decrease in activity of enzymes dependent nucleotidases time of day at which the animal is exposed to stress, and this effect seems to persist for at least 24 hours. The results of this dissertation show that the time of day which the experiment is performed biochemical and behavioral changes influencing the results, which may be a confounder in the interpretation of results.
Fowkes, Dudley. "A study of the perceived differences in the pattern of poor rate expenditure in Staffordshire in the second half of the eighteenth century." Thesis, Keele University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296073.
Full textRodrigues, Marcelo Jose Machado. "Exercicio de natação previne alterações cardiovasculares, bioquimicas e histologicas induzidas por dieta hiperlipidica em ratos Wistar." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314785.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Dieta hiperlipídica pode desenvolver dislipidemia e alterar parâmetros cardiovasculares em humanos e em animais experimentais, exercendo papel determinante na progressão de doenças que apresentam aspectos semelhantes àqueles observados na Síndrome Metabólica. Por outro lado, o exercício físico pode ser eficaz tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento de indivíduos portadores dessa síndrome. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do exercício de natação sobre as alterações induzidas pela dieta hiperlipídica na excitação e condução elétrica cardíaca, na pressão arterial, glicemia, lipídeos plasmáticos e histologia cardíaca em ratos wistar. Ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=8): sedentário (SD), exercitado (EX), hiperlipídico sedentário (HSD) e hiperlipídico exercitado (HEX). O exercício foi constituído por duas sessões diárias de natação de 90 minutos cada, durante quatro semanas. A dieta hiperlipídica apresentou 35,25 % de lipídios, 26,8 % de carboidratos e 27,9 % de proteínas. A fração lipídica utilizada foi a banha de porco. Os animais foram pesados no início e no final do período experimental de 28 dias para determinação do ganho de peso corpóreo e dos pesos relativos do coração e gordura epididimal direita e esquerda. O eletrocardiograma (ECG) foi realizado com os ratos na posição supina e eletrodos inseridos na camada subcutânea das patas, nas derivações DI, DII, DIII, aVR, aVL e aVF, sensibilidade 2N e velocidade de 50 mm/segundo com equipamento computadorizado (Heart Ware). A determinação das pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média foi realizada com o equipamento BP-1-Analog single-channel transducer signal conditioner (World Precision Instruments). As concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, triacilglicerol e colesterol total foram obtidas ao final do período experimental com Kit E-CELM, método enzimático colorimétrico. Os cortes histológicos do coração foram corados pelos métodos de hematoxilina-eosina (HE), para análise histológica no microscópio Leica (40X) e utilizando-se o software Image Pro Plus. Utilizou-se do software Prisma Graph-Pad para a avaliação estatística através da análise de variância seguida do teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos, considerando-se p<0,05 como nível de significância. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: a) redução do ganho de peso corpóreo no grupo EX em relação ao SD e no grupo HEX em relação ao HSD; e aumento no grupo HSD em relação ao SD; b) redução do peso relativo da gordura epididimal no grupo HEX em relação ao HSD e aumento no HSD em relação ao SD; c) redução da concentração plasmática de triacilglicerol no grupo HEX em relação ao HSD e aumento no grupo HSD em relação ao SD; d) redução da concentração plasmática de colesterol total no grupo HEX em relação ao HSD e aumento no grupo HSD em relação ao SD; e) aumento da glicemia nos grupos HSD e HEX em relação aos seus respectivos controles, SD e EX; f) redução das pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média no grupo HEX em relação ao HSD e aumento da pressão sistólica no grupo HSD em relação ao SD; g) aumento do peso relativo de coração no grupo EX em relação ao SD e no HEX em relação ao HSD; h) redução da freqüência cardíaca de repouso no grupo EX em relação ao SD e no HEX em relação ao HSD; i) aumento da dispersão dos intervalos QT e QTc no grupo HEX em relação ao EX; j) desvio do eixo elétrico ventricular para a esquerda nos grupos EX e HSD em relação ao SD; k) aumento da espessura das fibras cardíacas nos cortes histológicos no grupo EX em relação ao SD, HEX em relação ao HSD; l) presença de infiltração leucocitária e acúmulo de gordura nos cortes histológicos cardíacos do grupo HSD, o que não ocorreu no grupo HEX. A natação preveniu os efeitos deletérios da dieta hiperlipídica sobre a pressão arterial, os lipídeos plasmáticos e a condução elétrica cardíaca, porém foi ineficaz em normalizar a glicemia plasmática. O efeito cardioprotetor promovido pela natação foi realçado pela ausência de infiltração leucocitária e de acúmulo de gordura no tecido cardíaco dos animais exercitados, em relação aos sedentários e igualmente submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica.
Abstract: High-fat diet can develop dyslipidemia and modify cardiovascular parameters in human beings and experimental animals, exerting determinative paper in the progression of illnesses that present similar aspects to those observed in the Metabolic Syndrome. On the other hand, the physical exercise can in, such a way, be efficient in the prevention as well treatment of individuals carrying this syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the swimming exercise on the induced alterations for the high-fat diet in the excitement and cardiac electric conduction, blood pressure, glycemia, plasma lipids concentrations and cardiac histology in wistar rats. Male Wistar rats had been distributed in four groups (n=8): sedentary (SD), exercised (EX), sedentary high-fat diet (HSD) and exercised high-fat diet (HEX). The exercise protocol was constituted by two daily sessions of swimming of 90 minutes each, during four weeks. The high-fat diet presented 35,25 % of fat, 26,8 % of carbohydrate and 27,9 % of protein. The fat fraction used was fat of pig. The animals were weighed at the beginning and in the end of the experimental period of 28 days for determination of the corporeal weight and the relative weights of the heart and right and left epididymal fat. The eletrocardiogram (ECG) was carried through with the rats in the supine position and inserted electrodes in the subcutaneous layer of the legs, in derivations DI, DII, DIII, aVR, aVL and aVF, sensitivity 2N and speed of 50 mm/seconds with computerized equipment (Heart Ware). The determination of the systolic, diastolic and average blood pressure was carried through with the BP-1-Analog equipment single-channel to transducer signal to conditioner (World Precision Instruments). The plasma glucose concentration, tryacylglicerol and total cholesterol had been gotten to the end of the experimental period with Kit E-CELM, colorimetric enzymatic method. The histological cuts of the heart were stained using haemotoxylin-eosin (HE), for histological analysis in the Leica microscope (40X) and using software Image Pro Plus. Graph-Pad Prism was used of software for the evaluation statistics through the analysis of variance followed of the test of Tukey for comparison between groups, considering p<0,05. The following results had been gotten: a) the reduction of corporeal weight in the EX group compared to the SD and group HEX in compared to the HSD; and increase in group HSD compared to the SD; b) reduction of the relative weight of the epididymal fat in group HEX compared to the HSD and increase in the HSD compared to the SD; c) reduction of the plasma concentration of tryacylglicerol in group HEX compared to the HSD and increase in group HSD compared to the SD; d) reduction of the total plasma cholesterol concentration in group HEX compared to the HSD and increase in group HSD compared to the SD; e) increase of the glycemia in groups HSD and HEX compared to its respective controls, SD and EX; f) reduction of the systolic, diastolic and average blood pressure in group HEX compared to the HSD and increase of the systolic pressure in group HSD compared to the SD; g) increase of the relative weight of heart in the EX group compared to the SD and the HEX compared to the HSD; h) reduction of the cardiac frequency of rest in the EX group compared to the SD and the HEX compared to the HSD; i) increase of the dispersion of the intervals QT and QTc in group HEX compared to the EX ones; j) shunting line of the ventricular electric axle for the left in EX groups and HSD compared to the SD; k) increase of the thickness of cardiac fibers in the histological cuts in the EX group compared to the SD, HEX compared to the HSD; l) presence of leucocitary infiltration and accumulation of fat in the cardiac histological cuts of group HSD, what it did not occur in group HEX. Swimming inhibited the deleterious effects of the high-fat diet on the blood pressure, plasma lipids and cardiac electric conduction, however it was inefficacious in normalizing the glycemia. The cardiac protection promoted by swimming was strengthened by the absence of leucocitary infiltration and accumulation of fat in the cardiac fibers of the exercised animals, compared to the sedentary ones and equally submitted to the high-fat diet.
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Sabino, Nathalí Di Martino. "Estudo exploratório sobre os efeitos da constrição do crescimento cerebral pelo fechamento das suturas cranianas na aprendizagem discriminativa em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-14062011-163753/.
Full textThe intervention in the brain and the possible influence on the response of organisms has been the subject of several studies designed to examine this correlation. The aim of the present study is to provide indicators of the possible effects of the cranial sutures closure to the discriminative learning in reinforcement procedures. Four rats were used in a Non-Surgical condition group and another group was formed by nine rats that underwent various surgical procedures for the cranial sutures closure. The rats in the age between two and eight days underwent four experimental stages in operant conditioning boxes. In the first phase the bar press responses were modeled and, subsequently, 60 responses were reinforced under a scheme of continuous reinforcement (CRF) for three consecutive sessions. In the second phase, the scheme of CRF was replaced by schemes of fixed intervals (FI) with three values that were increased gradually (FI 4 s, FI 8 s FI s 11). In the third phase, the subjects underwent a multiple scheme with components FI 11 to Extinction (EXT) in the presence and absence of light, respectively. This discriminative training was continued until at least 80% of bar press response had occurred in the components of FI. Finally, in the fourth phase there was a reversal of the functions of the stimuli, so that the presence and absence of light started to follow, respectively, the FI and EXT components. The research result reveal that the procedures used in the constriction of the cerebral development did not produced evidences in the rats behavior under the reinforcement scheme, the discriminative learning and the reversion process
FECHINE, Madge Farias. "Pode a compulsão alimentar ser programada por desnutrição perinatal ou manipulação do sistema serotoninérgico?" Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18455.
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CAPES
Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da desnutrição proteica perinatal ou manipulação do sistema serotoninérgico durante a lactação sob o comportamento alimentar compulsivo após ciclos de Restrição/Realimentação (R/R). Materiais e métodos: Foram formados quatro grupos conforme os tratamentos dietéticos e farmacológicos: Controle (17% caseína na vida perinatal) e Desnutrido (8% caseína na vida perinatal); Salina (10mg/Kg) e Fluoxetina (10mg/Kg) foram submetidos a três consecutivos ciclos de Restrição/Realimentação (ciclos R/R). Cada ciclo R/R é composto por uma fase de restrição (4 dias com 40% do consumo individual médio de dieta padrão nos 7 dias antes de iniciar os ciclos R/R) seguida por uma fase realimentação (4 dias com dieta padrão ad libitum). Assim, os quatro grupos anteriormente descritos foram subdivididos ou não de acordo com a fase de restrição dos ciclos R/R para formar oito grupos: Grupos não restritos [Controle Naïve (CN) n=6 e 10 ou Desnutrido Naïve (DN) n=7 e 11 e Salina Naïve (SN) n=13/15 ou Fluoxetina Naïve (FN) n=12/13] e Grupos restritos [Controle Restrito (CR) n=6 e 11 ou Desnutrido Restrito (DR) n=7 e 10 e Salina Restrito (SR) n=11/13 ou Fluoxetina Restrito (FR) n=13/14]. Após os três ciclos R/R, todos os animais foram submetidos ao teste alimentar (dieta padrão e palatável por 24hs). Após uma semana, os animais dos grupos [Controle Naïve (CN) n=10 ou Controle Restrito (CR) n=11 e Desnutridos Naïve (DN) n=11 ou Desnutrido Restrito (DR) n=10] foram submetidos a um teste de privação alimentar (24hs sem dieta padrão) e em seguida receberam dieta palatável (2hs) e dieta padrão (22hs). Já todos os animais dos grupos Salina e Fluoxetina, aos 120 dias de vida foram submetidos a outro teste alimentar semelhante ao primeiro teste alimentar (após os ciclos R/R). Resultados: Após ciclos R/R os animais Desnutrido Restrito demonstraram hiperfagia por dieta palatável comparados com os animais do grupo Controle Naïve, como também aumentaram o peso corporal sugerindo o desenvolvimento de obesidade. Contudo, estes animais perderam a capacidade para aumentar o consumo de dieta palatável quando estavam com fome, após a privação alimentar. Em relação aos grupos Salina e Fluoxetina não houve diferenças significativas no consumo alimentar (dieta palatável e padrão) nos dois testes alimentares. Conclusão: Desnutrição proteica perinatal ou tratamento de fluoxetina no aleitamento não contribuem para o desenvolvimento de compulsão alimentar após três ciclos R/R.
Objective: To investigate the effects of the perinatal protein undernourishment or manipulation of the serotonergic system in breastfeeding on the binge eating behavior after Restriction/Refeeding cycles (R/R cycles). Materials and methods: Four groups were formed as dietary and pharmacological treatments: Control (17% casein in perinatal life) and Undernourished (8% casein in perinatal life); Saline (10mg/kg) and Fluoxetine (10mg/kg) were submitted to three consecutive cycles of Restriction/Refeeding cycles (R/R cycles). Each R/R cycle was composed of a restriction phase (4 days with 40% of the mean individual consumption standard diet 7 days before starting cycles R/R) followed by a feedback phase (4 days with a standard diet ad libitum). Thus, the four groups described above were subdivided or not according to the restriction phase of R/R cycles to form eight groups: not restricted Groups [Control Naïve (CN) n=6 and 10 or Undernourished Naïve (UN) n=7 and 11 and Saline Naïve (SN) n=13/15 or Fluoxetine Naïve (FN) n=12/13] and Restricted Groups [Restricted Control (CR) n=6 and 11 or Undernourished Restricted (DR) n=7 and 10 and Saline Restricted (SR) n=11/13 or Fluoxetine Restricted (FR) n=13/14]. After three R/R cycles, all animals were subjected to the feeding test (standard diet and palatable food for 24hrs). After one week, the animals of the groups [Control Naïve (CN) n=10 or Restricted Control (CR) n=11 and Undernourished Naïve (DN) n=11 or Undernourished Restricted (UR) n=10] were subjected to a test food deprivation (24hrs without standard diet) and then received palatable food (2hrs) and standard diet (22hrs). Already all the animals of Saline and Fluoxetine groups at 120 days of age were subjected to a similar feeding test the first test (after R/R cycles). Results: After R/R cycles the Restricted Undernourished animals showed hyperphagia by palatable food compared to animals Naïve control group, as well as increased body weight suggesting the development of obesity. However, these animals have lost the ability to increase the intake of palatable food when they were hungry after food deprivation. Regarding Saline and Fluoxetine groups there was not significant differences in food intake (standard diet and palatable food) in both feeding tests. Conclusion: Perinatal protein undernourishment or treatment of fluoxetine in breastfeeding do not contribute to the development of binge eating after three R/R cycles.
Romero, Ana Carolina. "Alterações salivares na disfunção renal crônica em ratos induzida por 5/6 de nefrectomia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-11112013-194514/.
Full textSaliva is a fluid produced and secreted by the salivary glands. It plays an important role in the homeostasis of individuals. Several diseases affect the production or composition of saliva secreted, among them chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is defined as a kidney damage or decreased kidney function for a three months exceeding period. It is classified in stages, and in its most advanced level there is a need for hemodialysis therapies or kidney transplantation. Many studies have sought oral manifestations, changes in salivary flow and composition in these patients, however when we look at the literature, we did not found studies that used an animal model for the study of salivary composition in chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in some components in the saliva of rats stimulated by pilocarpine (1mg/Kg) or isoproterenol (5mg/kg) in a model of 5/6 nephrectomy (CRF), compared with a positive control group (Sham) and a negative control (C) at two time period of 8 and 12 weeks. The chronic nephropathy was obtained with 5/6 nephrectomy by ligation of two branches of the left renal artery and right radical nephrectomy and Sham groups underwent surgery simulation. At the end of the experimental period, blood and saliva samples were collected from all groups and were analyzed: salivary flow rate, total protein concentration, activities of amylase and peroxidase, free and total sialic acid, as well as the ions calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and urea concentration in saliva. We also evaluate the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine. We observed a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine concentrations and salivary urea in IRC groups in both experimental times; Under pilocarpine stimulation, we found a significant decrease in the activity of the enzyme amylase 8 weeks after the surgery. 12 weeks after the surgery increase in the total protein concentration and peroxidase activity were observed; Under stimulation with isoproterenol, we observed decreases in the activities of amylase and peroxidase after 8 weeks; 12 weeks after the surgery we found decrease in salivary flow compared to the sham group, increase in the activity of the enzyme amylase and decrease of the peroxidase activity in CRF group when compared to control and sham groups. We conclude that the period of 12 weeks after surgery showed greater changes in saliva collected both by sympathetic stimulation and by parasympathetic stimulation, and this period should be used in future analyzes in salivary glands.
Freitas, Daniel Roberto Coradi de. "Detecção de Picobirnavirus por RT-PCR em fezes de ratos e suinos e por imunoperoxidase em intestinos de ratos." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317120.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Mestrado
Soares, Juliana Carlota Kramer [UNIFESP]. "Envolvimento do sistema colinérgico nas estratégias utilizadas por ratos durante a aprendizagem de uma tarefa de discriminação no labirinto em T." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/21816.
Full textDiversos estudos sugerem a existência de múltiplos sistemas de memória. Tanto em humanos, como em animais experimentais, existem evidências de que a aprendizagem espacial depende da integridade do hipocampo. Já a aprendizagem egocêntrica depende do estriado e estruturas relacionadas. No presente estudo, utilizou-se a tarefa de discriminação no labirinto em T, que é um dos paradigmas experimentais no qual a contribuição destes sistemas neurais pode ser observada. Esta tarefa implica na utilização de um labirinto em T, no qual os ratos são treinados a ir para o lado esquerdo ou direito para obter uma recompensa. Os animais podem realizar a tarefa utilizando as diferentes estratégias de aprendizagem que dependem do hipocampo e do estriado. Uma vez que a ACh parece exercer um importante papel na modulação destes sistemas de memória, o presente estudo investigou a participação do sistema colinérgico central nas estratégias utilizadas por ratos, durante a aprendizagem da tarefa de discriminação no labirinto em T. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que há, respectivamente, uma dupla dissociação dos efeitos da escopolamina no hipocampo e no estriado nas tarefas de discriminação espacial e egocêntrica no labirinto em T. A administração da escopolamina diretamente no hipocampo dorsal causou prejuízo no desempenho dos ratos submetidos à versão espacial da tarefa de discriminação no labirinto em T, mas não afetou a versão egocêntrica, quando esta foi realizada na ausência de pistas espaciais. Já a administração da escopolamina na região dorsolateral do estriado prejudicou a versão egocêntrica, sem interferir na versão espacial da tarefa de discriminação do labirinto em T. No entanto, quando os animais dispuseram de ambos os tipos de estratégias para realizar a tarefa, a escopolamina não afetou o seu desempenho. Em conjunto, esses resultados indicam que sistema colinérgico central exerce uma função modulatória sobre o hipocampo e o estriado, corroborando a existência de sistemas múltiplos de memória.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Tártaro, Rodolfo dos Reis 1984. "O clampeamento total intermitente do pedículo hepático por longo tempo, em ratos Wistar, não exerce função protetora = There was no protective function in Wistar rats submitted to long ischemia time and reperfusion after intermittent clamping of the total hepatic pedicle." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312713.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: A manobra de Pringle intermitente é utilizada para a grande cirurgia de transplante, traumas e proteção hepática, mas o longo tempo de isquemia e reperfusão podem limitar a proteção em ratos Wistar. Objetivo: Comparar as alterações mitocondriais hepáticas, após clampeamento total intermitente versus o clampeamento contínuo do pedículo hepático por período de 40 minutos em ratos Wistar. Método: Quarenta e dois ratos Wistar machos, peso de 327,7 ± 51,75g, foram anestesiados com tiopental sódico (iv), com incisão em U no abdome. O pedículo hepático foi isolado e clampeado. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo Contínuo (GC, n=14, submetidos a 40 minutos isquemia/40 minutos reperfusão). Grupo Intermitente (GI, n=14, submetidos a quatro ciclos de 10 minutos isquemia/10 minutos reperfusão). Grupo Controle (GCL, n=14, submetido a laparotomia por 80 minutos). No final do experimento, realizou-se coleta de sangue para dosagens das transaminases (AST/ALT) e biopsias hepáticas para avaliação da respiração mitocondrial e avaliação histológica. Resultados: GC e GI apresentaram AST/ALT elevadas (p<0,008) quando comparados ao GCL; as mitocôndrias estimuladas por ADP ou FCCP tiveram redução da respiração (p<0,05) e redução na razão do controle respiratório nos grupos (GC e GI) isquêmicos (p<0,03), quando comparados ao GCL, embora a comparação entre GI e GC não tenha apresentado diferença em relação à respiração mitocondrial. Na avaliação histológica: GC apresentou 33% necrose hemorrágica focal, 17% congestão sinusoidal e/ou vacuolização e 50% congestão venosa; GI teve 43% congestão sinusoidal e/ou vacuolização e 57% congestão venosa. Conclusão: As lesões hepáticas e alterações da respiração mitocondrial, após longo tempo de isquemia e reperfusão, aconteceram, independente do tipo de clampeamento utilizado, sendo que o grupo intermitente não se mostrou efetivo em evitar estas alterações. Palavra chave: Constrição, Isquemia, Reperfusão, Ratos Wistar, Mitocôndrias
Abstract: Introduction: The intermittent Pringle maneuver is utilized for major transplant surgery, traumas and hepatic protection, but long ischemia time and reperfusion may limit some protection in Wistar rats. Aim: Evaluate the protection effects of intermittent clamping in the total hepatic pedicle, after a long period of ischemia and reperfusion in Wistar rats. Method: Forty-two male Wistar rats, weighing ± 327,7g, anesthetized with sodium thiopental (iv) and subjected to a U-shaped incision in the abdomen. The total hepatic pedicle was isolated and subjected to a clamping with a microvascular clamp. Continuous Group (CG, n=14, 40 minutes of ischemia/40 minutes of reperfusion). Intermittent Group (IG, n=14, 4 cycles a 10 minute ischemia/reperfusion 10 minutes). Sham Group (SG, n=14, 80 minute observation time). Blood collection the dosage of transaminases and hepatic biopsies for evaluation of mitochondrial respiration and histological evaluation. Results: In groups CG and IG, AST and ALT enzymes were elevated in comparison to group SG (p<0,008); mitochondrias when stimulated by ADP or FCCP had a significant decrease in breathing (p<0.05), and the respiratory control ratio (RCR) in the ischemic groups was lower (p<0.03) when compared to the GS. In histology GC 100% had lesions: 33% focal hemorrhagic necrosis, 17% sinuzoidal congestion and/or vacuolization and 50% venous congestion, in GI 100% had lesions: 43% sinuzoidal congestion and/or vacuolization, 57% venous congestion. Conclusion: The intermittent total hepatic pedicle clamping for a long time in the Wistar rats was not effective in the protection of liver injury. Keywords: Constriction, Ischemia, Reperfusion, Rats ¿ Wistar, Mitochondria
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências
Valette, Marion. "Laboratoire sur puce pour la détection d'événements cellulaires rares." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30292.
Full textAdipose tissue is a rich source of multipotent stem cells: Adipose Stem Cells (or ASCs). Due to their differentiation capabilities, ASCs became cells of considerable interest for regenerative medicine and are of high interest for type II diabetes diagnosis. Known to migrate and circulate in lymph, the hypothesis of their presence in blood is not excluded but no method exists to prove it. The aim of this study is to develop a lab-on-chip able to isolate ASCs from complex biological samples by using passive and label-free microfluidic sorting methods. These methods involve intrinsic properties of fluids and objects. Yet, ASCs do not have specific physical characteristic. We have demonstrated that their diameter is comprised between 10 and 25 µm: they cannot be distinguished from most of other blood cells. In addition, they do not present specific antigen on their membrane. In order to completely isolate ASCs from other cell types, we propose an original approach combining two complementary steps. The first step aims at pre-treating the sample by removing, via hydrodynamic filtration, all the cells with a diameter below 10 µm. With this device, red blood cells, which represent more than 99% of blood cells, platelets and some leukocytes, have to be removed. This study has demonstrated that the device is able to effectively pre-treat pure blood sample (either from human or from mouse) as it removes more than 99.9% of red blood cells. It has also been demonstrated that filtration does not lead to cell lysis, which is a promising result for cell viability and the reuse of cells after filtration. The obtained sample contains cells of interest and some remaining hematopoietic cells. The second step aims at refining ASCs isolation by separating them from remaining hematopoietic cells. The method used, called immunological exclusion by cell rolling, is based on antigen-antibody specific reaction. As ASCs do not have specific antigen, leukocytes antigens have been involved. The objective is so to deplete the sample of the remaining leukocytes. This study led to the elaboration of an optimised surface functionalization protocol. Moreover, promising results on cell rolling realised on a surface functionalized with anti-CD45 antibodies were obtained
Lefrançois, Perreault Louis. "Carbones mésoporeux fonctionnalisés pour l'extraction sélective des terres rares." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28349.
Full textCarbons allotropes have been under constant study for more than two decades. Ever since the discovery of fullerene, nanotube and graphene, the number of papers showing different synthesis route for their surface modification has been steadily increasing. Indeed, carbon has the potential to be a great support for a lot of applications. Carbon’s unique attributes for chemical resistance, thermal stability, thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity explain the high interest of the scientific community for this material. Structured silica is useful for adsorption of various products since it is possible to simply modify its surface with ligands suitable for the desired application. Over the last few years, research has been conducted for the separation and extraction of rare earth elements (REEs). Indeed, it has been demonstrated that the modified silica with a diglycolic amide-type ligand obtained better results than the current commercial resin for the separation of rare earth elements. However, silica lack of chemical resistance to acidic pH (˂4) required for industrial applications is a major drawback for this material. The mesoporous carbon is a good alternative to be used as a solid adsorbent for extraction of REEs. This allotrope of carbon presents a large surface area as well as a greater chemical resistance which makes it better suited for industrial extractions. This research therefore focuses on the surface modification of mesoporous carbon for the selective extraction of REEs and their application to acidic pH. Different porous carbon structures (CMK-3, 5-CMK, CMK-8, etc.) were synthesized, modified by selective ligands for the REEs and behaviours for selectivity and extraction of REEs. The development of these materials is interesting in the context of sustainable development and green technologies in an industrial environment
Juère, Estelle. "Matériaux mésoporeux fonctionnalisés pour l'extraction sélective des terres rares." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26837.
Full textOrdered mesoporous silica materials are versatile platforms that can offer answers in different areas: environment, healthcare and energy. Furthermore, the possibility of functionalization with a variety of organic molecules permits to dedicate them to a specific application. Thus, in order to address alternatives to the industrial extraction processes of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) which are often environmentally hazardous, functionalized silica materials appear to be well suited as adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction (SPE). Indeed, oppositely to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), SPE is more advantageous in terms of organic solvent consumption, fine-tuning of the selectivity for and among REEs and lastly, the possibility to regenerate the sorbents after each extraction procedure. REEs became important and critical metals as they are participating in the transition to new technologies with low energy cost, therefore, any greener extraction process is required. In this work, different ordered silica materials such as MCM-41, SBA-15 and SBA-16, have been synthesized, functionalized with an appropriate ligand and their behavior towards REEs have been studied and compared. Despite their similarities, these materials have some disparities in their textural properties, their pore size, geometry and connection, their wall thickness, the accessibility to the pore and the diffusion of gases and liquid through the porous matrix, for example. Therefore, this study wishes to investigate the role of these various properties on the REEs adsorption in both static and dynamic conditions.
Caires, Júnior Luiz Carlos de. "O efeito da radiação emitida por telefones móveis sobre os processos de sinalização intracelular das células hipofisárias." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2472.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nos últimos anos, o sistema de telecomunicação móvel tem crescido significativamente, de modo que um sexto da população mundial, mais de um bilhão de pessoas, utiliza este tipo de telefone (National Radiological Protection Board, 2004; Maier, 2006). No Brasil, em 2011, já há mais de 202,9 milhões de habilitações de celulares, uma densidade de 104,68 acessos para cada 100 habitantes (Anatel, 2011). Estudos sobre os efeitos da radiação emitida por telefones celulares sobre o organismo são escassos, os resultados são contraditórios e feitos em cultura de células ou em células recém retiradas do indivíduo para posterior exposição à radiação. Desta maneira, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estabelecer um modelo animal para o estudo do efeito da radiação eletromagnética emitida por aparelhos celulares sobre a fisiologia de ratos e avaliar a ação deste tipo de radiação sobre a expressão e atividade de ERK 1 e ERK 2 e a expressão de isoforma alfa de PKC em hipófise de ratos. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos com 60 dias de idade. A fonte de radiação foi um aparelho celular com freqüência de 1800 MHz. Foram estabelecidos 4 grupos experimentais: 1- animais expostos por período de 1h; 2- animais expostos por 3h; 3- animais expostos por 3 dias; 4- animais expostos por 10 dias. Nos experimentos de 3 e 10 dias, a exposição foi de 25 segundos a cada 2 min. Cada grupo experimental foi acompanhado de grupo controle. Foram medidas a capacidade da radiação atravessar os ossos cranianos dos animais de experimentação e a capacidade de aquecer a água sob a calota craniana. Foram avaliados os efeitos da radiação emitida pelo aparelho celular sobre a expressão e atividade de ERK 1 e ERK 2, e a expressão da isoforma alfa de PKC em células da hipófise. A radiação atravessa a calota craniana. A 3 cm de distância ela não impõem qualquer barreira a essa passagem. Não foi observado efeito da radiação sobre a temperatura da água. Após 1 hora de exposição foi observada diminuição significativa na atividade de ERK 1 e ERK 2 dos animais expostos à radiação. Este efeito inibitório se manteve nos experimentos de 3h e 3 dias. Ao décimo dia, a atividade de ERK 1 e ERK 2 do grupo tratado e controle foi semelhante. A expressão de PKC-alfa só foi alterada nos animais expostos a 3 dias de radiação. Os resultados nos permitem concluir que a radiação emitida por telefones móveis, neste modelo, afeta vias de sinalização importantes nas células hipofisárias, o que torna necessário estudos mais detalhados sobre as conseqüências das modificações observadas.
In the last few years, the mobile telecommunication system has improved significantly, making one sixth of the world`s population to use mobile phones, which means, in numbers, that more than a billion of people are using such devices nowadays (National Radiological Protection Board, 2004; Maier, 2006). In 2011, the number of habilitations in Brazil has reached more than 202,9 millions, corresponding a density of 104,68 phones for each hundred of habitants (Anatel, 2011). Studies about the effects of radiation transmitted by mobile phones to the organism are still very few, the results are contradictories and most of them are made in cell cultures or ex vivo cells to further exposure to radiation. Thus, the objectives of this study were to establish an animal model in order to investigate the effect of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones into the physiology of rats and to evaluate the role of this type of radiation in the expression and activity of ERK 1 and ERK 2 and the expression of isoform alpha from PKC in pituitary gland. 60 days-old Wistar rats were used. The source of radiation was a mobile phone with a frequency of 1800 MHz. Four experimental groups were established: 1- animals exposed for 1 hour; 2- animals exposed for 3h; 3- animals exposed for 3 days; 4- animals exposed for 10 days. In the experiments of 3 and 10 days, the exposure was 25 seconds in every 2 minutes. Each experimental group was followed by a control group. The capacity of the radiation to cross the animal’s cranial bones, and to heat the water under the cranial region, was measured. The effect of the radiation emitted by the mobile phone on ERK 1 and ERK 2 expression and activity, and expression of isoform alpha of PKC in pituitary gland were evaluated. It was shown that the radiation is capable of crossing the cranial region. It was not observed any effect of the radiation into the water temperature. After 1 hour of exposure it were observed a significant reduction in ERK 1 and ERK 2 activity of the animals exposed to radiation. This inhibitory effect was kept in the experiments of 3 hours and 3 days as well. At the tenth day, the activity of ERK 1 and ERK 2 of control and exposed group was similar. The expression of PKC-alpha has only changed in the animals exposed to 3 days of radiation. According to these results, we conclude that radiation emitted by mobile phones, in this experimental model, affects important signaling pathways in the pituitary cells, but further studies with more details are needed to determine the consequences of the modifications observed.
Porto, Rodrigo Martins. "Papel dos receptores nucleares ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomos (PPAR) na periodontite induzida em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-13112012-105538/.
Full textThis study investigate the effects of rosiglitazone (RTZ) on periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss (PIABL). Rats received RTZ during 3 weeks, either as the pure maleate salt (i.p.) or the commercial formulation Avandiaâ (p.o.); control animals received the respective vehicles (DMSO or CMC). Two weeks after the treatments begins, periodontitis (P) were induced. After 7 days after P induction, jaws were removed for ABL measurement. Alveolar bone samples were analyzed by qPCR for RUNX2, Osterix, TRAF6, TRAF2, RANKL, nitric oxide sintase (e, n and iNOS) and PPARs (a, b e g). RTZ pharmacokinetics from each formulation was also studied (HPLC-MS/MS). RTZ, either from the pure maleate salt or the commercial Avandia, resulted in aggravated PIABL. Despite resulting in similar plasma RTZ concentrations, signaling mechanisms seem to depend on the administered formulation which could be due to vehicle related effects interfence.
Farid, Mohammad Hosseini. "Mechanical Characterization and Constitutive Modeling of Rate-dependent Viscoelastic Brain Tissue under High Rate Loadings." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29786.
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