Relevant bibliographies by topics / Poor laws – wales – history

Academic literature on the topic 'Poor laws – wales – history'

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Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Poor laws – wales – history"

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Jones, Peter. "The New Poor Laws in Scotland, England and Wales: Comparative Perspectives." Local Population Studies, no. 99 (December 31, 2017): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps99.2017.31.

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This article focuses on a seemingly obvious but largely overlooked question in the historiography of British welfare: what are the merits of, and the obstacles to, a serious comparative study of the poor laws in the constituent countries of mainland Britain? It first considers the wider context for such a question in relation to European welfare history, then discusses the broad historiographical trends for each country in relation to two key areas of the welfare debate: how far the intentions of the central Poor Law authorities were reflected in local practice, and the ability of paupers themselves to shape or influence their own experience of relief at the local level. It makes some key observations about the ways in which 'national narratives' of welfare have developed for Scotland, England and Wales in the past, and how these have shaped our view of the relationship between them, and finally suggests avenues for future research.
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STEWART, JOHN, and STEVE KING. "Death in Llantrisant: Henry Williams and the New Poor Law in Wales." Rural History 15, no. 1 (March 17, 2004): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793303001092.

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This article first examines the recent historiography of the Poor Law, notes the dearth of historical writing on this topic with respect to Wales and then uses an incident which took place in the rural Welsh town of Llantrisant in the early 1840s which clearly exemplifies both particularly Welsh characteristics and those of the medical services of the New Poor Law. It is contended that further study of the welfare regime in nineteenth-century Wales is important for both Welsh history and for the broader historical understanding of the Poor Laws in rural areas.
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WINTER, ANNE. "Caught between Law and Practice: Migrants and Settlement Legislation in the Southern Low Countries in a Comparative Perspective, c. 1700–1900." Rural History 19, no. 2 (October 2008): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679330800246x.

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AbstractHistoriographical debates on the causes and implications of early modern and early industrial settlement legislation, which determined the locality where one could apply for poor relief, have so far focused mainly on England and Wales. These regions are deemed exceptional for the national character and universality of their Poor Laws (1601), associated Act of Settlement (1662) and later amendments. However, if the focus is shifted from the national legislative framework to actual practice, several continental regions had relief and settlement arrangements that bore many resemblances to those in England and Wales. This article draws on existing literature and archival research to explore the evolution of settlement law and practice in the Southern Netherlands, i.e. present-day Belgium, from the seventeenth to the late nineteenth centuries, and compares its main features with the situation in England and Wales. This comparative exercise brings to the fore a number of striking resemblances and remarkable differences, which question the precise nature of the British exception. While further research is needed to gauge fully the causes and consequences of the observed similarities and differences, this article aims to demonstrate how a comparative approach towards issues of settlement and relief not only elucidates our understanding of the particularities and generalities of the English/Welsh case, but also widens our insight into the social, economic, and cultural implications of settlement arrangements in general.
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McCausland, Ruth, and Eileen Baldry. "‘I feel like I failed him by ringing the police’: Criminalising disability in Australia." Punishment & Society 19, no. 3 (March 3, 2017): 290–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474517696126.

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The stigmatisation, control, criminalisation and incarceration of people with disability have a long history. While in recent decades there has been increasing commitment to the rights of people with disabilities by governments in western nations, the over-representation of people with mental and cognitive disability in criminal justice systems has continued. Although there are similarities amongst Western jurisdictions in regard to the treatment of people with disability in justice systems, there are particularities in Australia that will be drawn out in this article. We argue that disadvantaged people with mental and cognitive disability are being managed by and entrenched in criminal justice systems across Australia’s six states and two territories, including so-called diversionary and therapeutic measures that appear to accommodate their disability. In the absence of early and appropriate diagnosis, intervention and support in the community, some disadvantaged and poor persons with mental and cognitive disability, in particular Indigenous Australians, are being systematically criminalised. Criminal justice agencies and especially youth and adult prisons have become normalised as places of disability management and control. Drawing on research that focuses in detail on the jurisdictions of the Northern Territory and New South Wales, we argue for a reconstruction of the understanding of and response to people with these disabilities in the criminal justice system.
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Harris, Bernard. "Parsimony and Pauperism: Poor Relief in England, Scotland and Wales in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 39, no. 1 (May 2019): 40–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2019.0260.

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As the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws noted in 1909, the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 and the Poor Law (Scotland) Act of 1845 sprang from rather different motives. Whereas the first Act aimed to restrict the provision of poor relief, the second was designed to enhance it. However, despite these aims, it is generally accepted that Scotland's Poor Law continued to relieve a smaller proportion of its population and to spend less money on them. This paper revisits the evidence on which these claims are based. Although the gap between the two Poor Laws was less than previously supposed, it was nevertheless substantial. The paper also explores the links between the size of Scottish parishes and welfare spending, and demonstrates that the main reasons for the persistence of the spending gap were related to different levels of investment in poorhouses and workhouses, and support for the elderly.
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Rose, M. E. "The English Poor Laws, 1700-1930." English Historical Review 118, no. 475 (February 1, 2003): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.475.247.

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Fleming, Anne. "The Borrower's Tale: A History of Poor Debtors inLochnerEra New York City." Law and History Review 30, no. 4 (November 2012): 1053–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248012000533.

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When asked why he did not read over the loan documents before signing them, John Doherty explained: “I was anxious to get the money, I didn't bother about it.” In February 1910, the twenty-three-year-old railroad clerk walked into the offices of the Chesterkirk Company, a loan-sharking operation with offices in lower Manhattan. He was looking to borrow some money. Repayment was guaranteed by the only security Doherty had to offer: his prospective wages and, in his words, his “reputation.” After a brief investigation of Doherty's creditworthiness, the loan was approved. The office manager placed a cross in lead pencil at the bottom of a lengthy form and Doherty signed where indicated. He received $34.85 in exchange for his promise to repay the loan principal plus $10.15 in combined fees and interest in three months. The interest charged was significantly greater than the 6 percent per year allowed in New York State. Doherty's effective annualized interest rate, including fees, was over 100 percent.
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Holmlund, Kerstin. "Poor laws and schooling in Stockholm." History of Education Review 42, no. 1 (June 21, 2013): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08198691311317688.

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King, Steven. "The Rural Poor in Eighteenth Century Wales." Journal of Historical Geography 28, no. 2 (April 2002): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.2002.0430.

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Williams, C. "The Rural Poor in Eighteenth-Century Wales, David W. Howell." English Historical Review 116, no. 467 (June 1, 2001): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/116.467.730.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poor laws – wales – history"

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Hulonce, Lesley. "Imposed and imagined childhoods : the making of the poor law child, Swansea 1834-1910." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678492.

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Hems, A. "Aspects of poverty and the poor laws in early modern England." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353187.

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Pratt, Jonathan K. "Paternalistic, parsimonious pragmatists : the Wigan Board of Guardians and the administration of the Poor Laws 1880-1900." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2011. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/2919/.

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This thesis analyses poor law administration in Wigan Union from 1880-1900. The late-nineteenth century is fertile territory for poor law historians, and this study intends to further enhance our understanding of the period. Local studies are vital given that the weakness of central authority ensured a wide variety of practice amongst unions, and are essential to the development of a better informed national picture. With that purpose, the thesis focuses on the important Lancashire industrial town of Wigan. Analysis addresses selected themes that require greater attention from historians in order to facilitate a more developed understanding of the poor law. Chapter one analyses politics in relation to guardians’ elections before and after the democratisation of the boards in 1894. Chapter two explores the role of boards of guardians, both individually and collaboratively, as active political agencies and defenders of the public interest in relation to removal of Irish paupers and in battles over rating with canal and railway companies. Chapters three and four focus on what was arguably the greatest poor law controversy of the period – the ‘Crusade’ against outdoor relief, initiated nationally in 1870. Wigan Union was an apparent supporter of this ‘reform’ movement, but appearances were deceptive. Chapter five addresses the problem of the ‘casual poor’, another major national concern of the period. Analysis illustrates the detail of local practice and the nature of central-local relations between the guardians and the LGB. Chapter six examines the themes of dismissal of union officers and superannuation for those deemed to have given good public service, further illustrating conceptions of professionalism and central-local relations. From this analysis, the Wigan board emerges as a politically engaged institution; financially cautious but with a paternalistic sense of obligation to the poor and pragmatic rather than ideologically driven in its policy and practice. Strong local conceptions of identity, professionalism and public service are evident within a nuanced context of central-local relations.
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Newbold, Edward John. "The geography of poor relief expenditure in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century rural Oxfordshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5d69649-330d-4c60-998b-41d0969a5c3c.

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This thesis aims to explore the relationship between the geographies of law, society, economy and the physical environment in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century rural England. It uses as its exploring ground the operation of the Old Poor Law in rural Oxfordshire. This county was chosen because it was both a microcosm of the farming landscape of Southern England and was one of the counties where the problem of poor relief was most acutely felt. Chapter 1 establishes that the mapping out of spatial diversity, and the consideration of the forces moulding it, is fundamental to an understanding of the functioning of the Old Poor Law. Chapter 2 uses data contained in the parliamentary returns to demonstrate some clear regional differences in the level of poor relief and the chronology of change. Chapters 3 and 4 show that these regional averages and trends do not make intelligible the kaleidoscopic welter of local variations indicated by a closer examination of parish records. Chapters 5 and 6 consider poor relief expenditure in four parishes: Cropredy, Pyrton, Spelsbury and Stoke Lyne. These show that differences in the level of poor relief expenditure cannot automatically be taken to indicate variations in the level of what we might think of as unemployment or poverty. The generosity of disbursements, and therefore the real incomes of the poor, could also vary markedly between parishes. Thus, the Old Poor Law cannot be detached from the particular places in which it acquired its meaning and saliency. Its impact upon the daily lives of ratepayers, administrators and recipient can be established and the poor treated as individuals rather than as abstract units of labour.
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Dean, Camille K. "True Religion: Reflections of British Churches and the New Poor Law in the Periodical Press of 1834." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278395/.

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This study examined public perception of the social relevance of Christian churches in the year the New Poor Law was passed. The first two chapters presented historiography concerning the Voluntary crisis which threatened the Anglican establishment, and the relationship of Christian churches to the New Poor Law. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 revealed the recurring image of "true" Christianity in its relation to the church crisis and the New Poor Law in the working men's, political, and religious periodical press. The study demonstrated a particular working class interest in Christianity and the effect of evangelicalism on religious renewal and social concerns. Orthodox Christians, embroiled in religious and political controversy, articulated practical concern for the poor less effectively than secularists.
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Withall, Caroline Louise. "Shipped out? : pauper apprentices of port towns during the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1870." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:519153d8-336b-4dac-bf37-4d6388002214.

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The thesis challenges popular generalisations about the trades, occupations and locations to which pauper apprentices were consigned, shining the spotlight away from the familiar narrative of factory children, onto the fate of their destitute peers in port towns. A comparative investigation of Liverpool, Bristol and Southampton, it adopts a deliberately broad definition of the term pauper apprenticeship in its multi-sourced approach, using 1710 Poor Law and charity apprenticeship records and previously unexamined New Poor Law and charity correspondence to provide new insight into the chronology, mechanisms and experience of pauper apprenticeship. Not all port children were shipped out. Significantly more children than has hitherto been acknowledged were placed in traditional occupations, the dominant form of apprenticeship for port children. The survival and entrenchment of this type of work is striking, as are the locations in which children were placed; nearly half of those bound to traditional trades remained within the vicinity of the port. The thesis also sheds new light on a largely overlooked aspect of pauper apprenticeship, the binding of boys into the Merchant service. Furthermore, the availability of sea apprenticeships as well as traditional placements caused some children to be shipped in to the ports for apprenticeships. Of those who were still shipped out to the factories, the evidence shows that far from dying out, as previously thought, the practice of batch apprenticeship persisted under the New Poor Law. The most significant finding of the thesis is the survival and endurance of pauper apprenticeship as an institution involving both Poor Law and charity children. Poor children were still being apprenticed late into the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Pauper apprenticeship is shown to have been a robust, resilient and resurgent institution. The evidence from port towns offers significant revision to the existing historiography of pauper apprenticeship.
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Books on the topic "Poor laws – wales – history"

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Charlesworth, Lorie. Welfare's forgotten past: A socio-legal history of the poor law. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

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Hawkings, David T. Pauper ancestors: A guide to the records created by the poor laws in England and Wales. Stroud: History Press, 2011.

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Digby, Anne. The Poor Law in nineteenth-century England and Wales. London: Historical Association, 1985.

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Beryl, Hurley, Mattock David, Roddham Doris, and Wiltshire Family History Society, eds. Strangers in Salisbury & relief of the poor. Devizes: Wiltshire Family History Society, 1997.

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Pratt, Malcolm. Winchelsea poor law records, 1790-1841. Lewes, East Sussex: Sussex Record Society, 2012.

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E, Rose Michael. The poor and the city: The English poor law in its urban context, 1834-1914. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1985.

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1936-, Rose Michael E., ed. The Poor and the city: The English poor law in its urban context, 1834-1914. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1985.

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Langton, John. The geography of poor relief in rural Oxfordshire, 1775-1834. Oxford: School of Geography and St John's College, University of Oxford, 2000.

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John, Langton. The geography of poor relief in rural Oxfordshire, 1775-1834. Oxford: School of Geography, University of Oxford, 2000.

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Mackay, Thomas. The English poor. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Poor laws – wales – history"

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Brundage, Anthony. "Introduction: Approaching English Poor Law History." In The English Poor Laws 1700–1930, 1–8. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08420-0_1.

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"The history of environmental law." In Environmental Law, edited by David Woolley, QC John Pugh-Smith, Richard Langham, William Upton, Sasha Blackmore, NoxÉmi Byrd, Matthew Reed, Jonathan Wills, and Katrina Yates, 3–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199232802.003.0001.

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Abstract There is an occasional temptation to think of the nineteenth-century English countryside as a landscape by Constable or Turner made real, and of the towns as nothing but the backdrop to a scene from Pickwick Papers. A reading of two or three pages of Sir Edwin Chadwick’s Report into the Sanitary Conditions of the Poor removes such temptation, peremptorily and permanently. Its publication in 1842 can legitimately be seen as the birth, or at any rate the conception, of environmental law in England and Wales. As often happens, it took something approaching disaster to bring action from those in high places.
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Cocks, Raymond. "The Poor Law." In The Oxford History of the Laws of England, 473–506. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239757.003.0014.

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McGrath, Charles Ivar. "The Penal Laws." In The Oxford History of British and Irish Catholicism, Volume II, 74–96. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843436.003.0005.

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Abstract This chapter examines the enactment, enforcement, and impact of anti-Catholic legislation in the Protestant kingdoms of England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Contextualized in relation to the different confessional demographics of those kingdoms, it details the various penal laws and highlights similarities and differences across the three kingdoms. It also assesses the motivations for such laws and the nature of the State apparatus for enforcement. In particular, matters concerning land ownership, State security, and the foreign jurisdiction of the papacy are examined as motivators for penal legislation, while consideration is also given to questions of conversion, religious faith and practice. The relevance of certain socio-economic, cultural, and political factors in ameliorating aspects of the laws is also considered.
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O’Brassill-Kulfan, Kristin. "“Vagrant Negroes”." In Reconsidering Southern Labor History, 32–46. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056975.003.0003.

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Laws regulating the movement, residence, employment, and labor of the poor, and especially of poor African Americans in states with burgeoning free populations, demonstrate how mobility, when enacted by the poor and by non-whites, was classified as a criminal action in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century United States. In the Upper South especially, these laws had the express goal of attaching to all people of color the potential consequences of enslavement. This essay will link these ideas by tracing mobility and its construction as a classed and raced activity, as threats to existing labor regimes and social systems. This was most commonly and notoriously done through the policing of vagrancy, which allowed authorities to punish the poor, most punitively, in the South, African Americans, for unemployment or a reluctance to enter into a particular labor contract. This essay argues that the power dynamics of the South can be read clearly in the classed and raced regulation of vagrancy and geographical mobility in the antebellum era.
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Friedman, Lawrence M. "The Law of Personal Status: Wives, Paupers, and Slaves." In A History of American Law, 173–212. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070885.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the law on marriage and divorce, family property, adoption, poor laws and social welfare, and slavery and African Americans in the United States. In the colonial period, the United States had no courts to handle matters of marriage and divorce. Marriage was a contract—an agreement between a man and a woman. Under the rules of the common law, the country belonged to the whites; and more specifically, it belonged to white men. Women had civil rights but no political rights. There were no formal provisions for adoption. A Massachusetts law, passed in 1851, was one of the earliest, and most significant, general adoption law. The so-called poor laws were the basic welfare laws.
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Wright, Nancy E. "Reading the Past: The Dispossession of the Poor and the Aborigines in Colonial New South Wales." In The River of History, 103–24. University of Calgary Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781552384411-007.

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Shave, Samantha A. "A policy process approach to the poor laws." In Pauper Policies. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719089633.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a detailed thematic analysis of the historiographical shifts in the study of the poor laws. It starts with an examination of how an emphasis by historians on the lives and experiences of the poor grew from the ‘history from below’ approach over the last 50 years. Recent analyses of the experiences of the poor have claimed we have paid too much attention to the administration of the poor laws. It questions what we mean by administration, and argues that knowledge of how pauper policies worked is actually pivotal to our knowledge of the poor laws, especially if we are to understand how individuals, including the poor, could influence pauper policies. Then, using a ‘policy process’ model developed in the social sciences, it presents an analysis of what we already understand, and what has remained ill-understood, about the poor laws. The focus is on several themes: policy-making, policy implementation and policy development and change. The main themes which arise from this analysis are explored in the rest of this book.
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Petley, Julian. "Regulation." In The Edinburgh History of the British and Irish Press, Volume 3, 106–30. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424929.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the laws which have had a particular bearing on the practice of journalism in newspapers in England and Wales in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. These relate to defamation, privacy, breach of confidence, official secrecy and terrorism. In particular it focusses on the recent impact of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998 on how courts have interpreted and applied the various laws affecting press freedom in these particular areas. It argues that whilst much of the press has chafed against laws which prevent it from invading people’s private lives and unjustly defaming them, it has been remarkably insouciant about those which make it difficult to reveal abuses of state and corporate power.
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Friedman, Lawrence M. "The Underdogs: 1850–1900." In A History of American Law, 463–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070885.003.0016.

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This chapter discusses laws covering the poor, women, family, and races in the second half of the nineteenth century. The American system provided a voice, and a share in the economy to more people, and to a greater percentage of the population, than most of the Old World countries did. But decisively not everybody. Women lacked rights and were definitely the weaker sex, socially speaking. For blacks, for Native Americans, for the Chinese, for the unorganized and the powerless in general, this great democracy had little enough to offer. However, there were some changes in the late nineteenth century. A movement, staffed by volunteers, arose to make charity more “scientific,” and to bring some sort of order out of chaos. In addition, a small but enthusiastic band of people, inside and outside of government, worked hard to improve the lot of the poor and the institutions that served them.
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Conference papers on the topic "Poor laws – wales – history"

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Clua Uceda, Álvaro. "Slussen 1935-2015: diagnóstico de una ruina moderna." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6160.

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El proyecto del Slussen en Estocolmo es hoy una ruina del movimiento moderno. Aquella visión optimista y eterna de la arquitectura funcionalista se presenta incierta y desproporcionada tras menos de un siglo de pervivencia. Paredes desconchadas, metales oxidados por el salitre, azulejos rotos, tiendas en decadencia y paseantes en sombra muestran un espacio hoy muy distinto de aquella “elegancia” que pregonara en 1935 el periódico Svenska Dagbladet ante el proyecto de Tage William-Olsson. ¿Cuáles son las causas de la decadencia de ese intersticio urbano? ¿Es en origen un proyecto erróneo, una historia malograda? Las respuestas se argumentan desde un recorrido intencionado por algunos momentos clave de su transformación: en el rastro de esbozos nunca realizados, en las vacilaciones del proyecto original, en las instantáneas de su inauguración, en sus detalles de acabados y comercio o finalmente en las imágenes presentadas al concurso internacional de 2008. Quizás puedan argumentarse ahí las futuras intervenciones que se ciernen sobre el Slussen moribundo: ¿mirada nostálgica, oportunismo, tabula rasa? The Slussen project in Stockholm is today a ruin of the modern movement. After less than a century of life, the place appears in an uncertain and disproportionate way, far from the optimistic and eternal vision of functionalist architecture. Flaking walls, oxidized metals, broken tiles, decadent shops and pedestrians lost in the shadow of the infrastructure show a very different space of that "elegant" prototype declared by the Svenska Dagbladet in 1935 on the built project of Tage William-Olsson. Which are the reasons for the decadence of this urban interstice? Is the original Slussen designed by Tage William-Olsson a wrong project, a failed story? In this article, answers are argued following an intentional trip through some key episodes of its existence: through the traces of sketches ever executed and the variations of the original project, through some images of its inauguration and the subtle details in the bright shopping stores and, finally, through the reading of the proposals presented to the recent international competition in 2008. Perhaps the future transformation of the dying Slussen could learn some arguments from the experience of its own past. ¿Nostalgic view, opportunism, tabula rasa?
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Torrecilla Patiño, Elia, and Miguel Molina Alarcón. "Performances mínimas en el espacio urbano y colaboraciones a distancia. Propuestas de “Acciones Desapercibidas” como experiencia entre lo local y lo translocal." In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.4899.

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En la presente comunicación mostramos la experiencia obtenida de la participación en un proyecto internacional y su puesta en acción en el ámbito local. Partiendo de la investigación sobre cuestiones que abordan la relación entre cuerpo, ciudad y tecnología, comenzamos a experimentar en el espacio urbano la práctica de una serie de performances mínimas inscritas en el ámbito de lo cotidiano. Tras el descubrimiento de una propuesta desarrollada en Holanda, profundizamos en el uso de la ciudad como laboratorio y escenario donde llevar a cabo nuestras Acciones Desapercibidas; así comenzamos una serie de colaboraciones con los organizadores del Unnoticed Art Festival de Holanda, empleando, en ocasiones, el uso de dispositivos móviles. Este es el caso de Parallel Walks, una serie de paseos paralelos simultáneos en los que deambulamos siguiendo las directrices que nos enviamos, de una ciudad a otra a través de mensajería instantánea, creando un recorrido en una tercera ciudad resultante de ambas. De este modo, las prácticas artísticas colectivas se vuelven más accesibles y nos permiten experimentar nuevas posibilidades que incluyen las colaboraciones a distancia, la translocalización, la simultaneidad y la posibilidad de realizar acciones y desplazarnos por una ciudad híbrida.Finalmente, llevamos esta experiencia al ámbito de la docencia realizando acciones mínimas en el espacio urbano de Valencia, con propuestas creadas por los propios estudiantes, junto a otras que restituían algunos referentes de arte de acción del periodo de la vanguardia histórica española. Esta parte de recuperación histórica, se realizó con el fin de utilizar el cuerpo como generador de historia desde la investigación-acción y comprobar si su recepción actual sería la misma o no, así como jugar y producir nuevas relecturas entre presente-pasado, local-global, creador-receptor, Arte-NoArte o cotidianidad-sorpresa. Estos resultados forman parte de un proyecto I+D concedido por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (ref. HAR2014-58869-P).http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4899
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3

Giesecke, Daniel, Jens Friedrichs, Thomas Kenull, Matthias Binner, and Martin Siegert. "A Method for Forecasting the Condition of HPT NGVs by Using Bayesian Belief Networks and a Statistical Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25464.

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Jet engine maintenance is a very competitive field in terms of time and costs. To increase planning security and reduce turnaround time (TAT) of the maintenance process it is important to get as much engine data as possible before disassembly. Aero engines are especially subjected to environmental and operational influences. For the high pressure turbine (HPT), the following parameters have been identified to describe the deterioration of its nozzle guide vane (NGV): On-wing cycles, NGV material, airport region, engine wing position, thrust rating, vane repair history and customer business segment. The combined influences of the parameters are non-trivial and it is not possible to acquire them analytically. There are no known mathematical laws connecting the above-mentioned parameters. The linear regression method set limits for processing data in an adequate manner. This is confirmed by the analysis of the arithmetic means and standard deviations. Especially the standard deviation values fit in a broad spectrum due to various reasons. Thus, it is not feasible to make an appropriate forecast with a simple statistical method due to the multidimensional character of the parameters influencing the accuracy. For this reason, advanced methods need to be developed to derive a feasible forecast method. By applying a statistical hypothesis test, a bayesian belief network (BBN) has been designed. It allows the use of imprecise data without suffering a significant loss in forecast accuracy and additionally, the implementation of expert knowledge. The objective of this study is to develop an effective BBN in order to adequately predict the next repair of the first stage HPT NGV of the General Electric CF6-80C2 engine. The reason for selecting the NGV is due to its high susceptibility to different influences, combined with the significant costs and TAT during the maintenance process. Having poor forecasting quality by using a simple statistical method, the evaluation of the BBN provides very satisfactory accuracy of above 80 percent which is equivalent to 19 out of 23 vane segments. Furthermore, the developed BBN emphasises robustness when detecting the expected tendencies while having only a limited amount of input parameters. Further work includes application of this method on other engine components as well as establishing the business value of the developed method. In conclusion, BBN have tremendous potential for forecasting the repair of the entire jet engine.
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Reports on the topic "Poor laws – wales – history"

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Panwar, Nalin Singh. Decentralized Political Institution in Madhya Pradesh (India). Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2017.23.

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The change through grassroots democratic processes in the Indian political system is the result of a growing conviction that the big government cannot achieve growth and development in a society without people's direct participation and initiative. The decentralized political institutions have been more participatory and inclusive ensuring equality of political opportunity. Social exclusion in India is not a new phenomenon. History bears witness to exclusion of social groups on the bases of caste, class, gender and religion. Most notable is the category of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Women who were denied the access and control over economic and social opportunities as a result they were relegated to the categories of excluded groups. It is true that the problems of the excluded classes were addressed by the state through the enactment of anti-discriminatory laws and policies to foster their social inclusion and empowerment. Despite these provisions, exclusion and discrimination of these excluded groups continued. Therefore, there was a need to address issues of ‘inclusion’ in a more direct manner. Madhya Pradesh has made a big headway in the working for the inclusion of these excluded groups. The leadership role played by the under privileged, poor and the marginalized people of the society at the grassroots level is indeed remarkable because two decade earlier these people were excluded from public life and political participation for them was a distant dream. Against this backdrop, the paper attempts to unfold the changes that have taken place in the rural power structure after 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent the decentralized political institutions have been successful in the inclusion of the marginalized section of the society in the state of Madhya Pradesh [India].
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