Journal articles on the topic 'Poor, Great Britain, 1817'
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Spitsyn, Evgeny, and Valentуna Chernysh. "Features of practical pedagogical training future teachers of foreign languages in western europe." Scientific and methodological journal "Foreign Languages", no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/1817-8510.2021.3.241162.
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The article deals with the analysis of the experience of organizing the pedagogical practice of future teachers in Germany and Great Britain. An analytical review of existing documents, which sets out the basic principles of training future teachers in Germany and the United Kingdom. The position of teacher training standards has been studied. The professional competencies of the teachers which are presented in the current standards are described. The peculiarities of the organization of pedagogical practice of future teachers in general and foreign language teachers in particular, in the modern universities of Germany and Great Britain are determined. The types of pedagogical practices introduced in various universities of Germany and Great Britain are characterized. The content and volume of practical training in universities are presented in detail, its goals are specified. Possible ways of implementation the experience of European countries on this issue in higher education in Ukraine have been identified.
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Plum, Alexander. "Becoming unemployed and poor in Great Britain." Applied Economics Letters 24, no. 18 (December 28, 2016): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1273476.
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Boyer, George R. "The Evolution of Unemployment Relief in Great Britain." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 3 (January 2004): 393–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219504771997908.
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The history of unemployment relief in Britain from 1834 to 1911 was not a “unilinear progression in collective benevolence,” culminating in unemployment insurance. The combination of poor relief and private charity to assist cyclically unemployed workers from 1834 to 1870 was more generous, and more certain, than the relief provided for the unemployed under the various policies adopted from 1870 to 1911. A major shift in policy occurred in the 1870s, largely in response to the crisis of the Poor Law in the 1860s. Because the new policy—a combination of self-help and charity—proved unable to cope with the high unemployment of cyclical downturns, Parliament in 1911 bowed to political pressure for a national system of relief by adopting the world's first compulsory system of unemployment insurance.
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Podolsky, Vadim. "History of the social policy in the United Kingdom." Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990016102-4.
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In the XVII century Great Britain became the first country in the world with a full-scale system of social support, which was regulated at the state level. The “Old Poor Law” of 1601 and the “New Poor Law” of 1834 are well-studied in both foreign and Russian science, but the solutions that preceded them are less known. The aim of this study is to describe the development of social policy in Great Britain up to 1834, when the system of assistance to people in need was redesigned according to the liberal logic of minimal interference of the state. The article is based on comparative and historic approach and analysis of legal documents. It demonstrates the evolution of institutions and practices of social support in Great Britain. In this country social policy grew from church and private charity and developed at local level under centrally defined rules. Consistent presentation of social policy history in Great Britain is valuable for studies of charity, local self-government and social policy.
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Amenedo-Costa, Mónica. "Fuentes hemerográficas del siglo XVIII: recepción de Cervantes en obras teatrales y composiciones musicales británicas." Cuadernos de Estudios del Siglo XVIII, no. 29 (December 17, 2019): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/cesxviii.29.2019.305-320.
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RESUMENLas revistas literarias inglesas «The Monthly Review» (1749-1845) y «The Critical Review» (1756-1817) volcaron su atención hacia la producción de reseñas bibliográficas de trabajos según iban apareciendo en el mercado editorial tanto británico como internacional. Las informaciones generadas a partir de este ejercicio periodístico son especialmente relevantes para el estudio de la recepción de autores y textos pertenecientes al ámbito hispano en el ámbito anglosajón y se han empleado en este trabajo para abordar la recepción de Cervantes en obras teatrales y composiciones musicales británicas del siglo XVIII, tales como «Angelica; or, Quixote in Petticoats» (1758), «The Padlock: A Comic Opera» (1768), «Don Quixote. A Musical Entertainment» (1776), «Barataria; or, Sancho turn’d Governor» (1785) y «The Mountaineers, a Play in Three Acts» (1793).PALABRAS CLAVECervantes, revistas literarias, recepción, Gran Bretaña, siglo XVIII. TITLEEighteenth-century Journal Sources: Reception of Cervantes in British Plays and Musical CompositionsABSTRACTThe English literary periodicals «The Monthly Review» (1749-1845) and «The Critical Review» (1756-1817) offered comments on newly printed works as they came out both in Great Britain and abroad. The information provided by these two review journals is of particular relevance to the study of the reception of Spanish authors and their works in the English-speaking world, and has been analysed in this work to explore the critical reception of Cervantes in eighteenth-century British plays and musical compositions such as «Angelica; or, Quixote in Petticoats» (1758), «The Padlock: A Comic Opera» (1768), «Don Quixote. A Musical Entertainment» (1776), «Barataria; or, Sancho turn’d Governor» (1785) and «The Mountaineers, a Play in Three Acts» (1793).KEY WORDSCervantes, literary journals, reception studies, Great Britain, Eighteenth century.
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Darwen, Lewis, Donald Macraild, Brian Gurrin, and Liam Kennedy. "‘Unhappy and Wretched Creatures’: Charity, Poor Relief and Pauper Removal in Britain and Ireland during the Great Famine*." English Historical Review 134, no. 568 (June 2019): 589–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cez137.
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Abstract During the Great Famine (1845–51) hundreds of thousands of Irish refugees fled to Britain, escaping the hunger and disease afflicting their homeland. Many made new lives there, but others were subsequently shipped back to Ireland by poor law authorities under the laws of Settlement and Removal. This article explores the coping strategies of the Famine Irish in Britain, and the responses of poor law authorities to the inflow of refugees with a particular focus on their use of removal. We argue that British poor law unions in areas heavily affected by the refugee crisis adopted rigorous removal policies, and that the non-settled Irish were consequently deeply reluctant to apply for poor relief, doing so only when alternative sources of support were unavailable. Thus, the true scale of Irish hardship was hidden from the official record. The article also explores, for the first time, the experiences of those sent back to Ireland, a country suffering from the devastating effects of Famine. The combination of heavy Irish immigration to Britain and large-scale removals back to Ireland created distrust between the authorities at British and Irish port towns, as both sides felt aggrieved by the inflow of destitute Irish arriving on their shores. At the centre of all this were the Irish poor themselves. Uncertainty, dislocation and hardship were often their experience, and we argue that this endured long after the Famine had ended; that the events of the late 1840s, indeed, created a new reality for the Irish in Britain.
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Van den Berg, Peter, and Horia Pitariu. "THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STRESS, WELL-BEING, JOB SATISFACTION, AND COPING IN THREE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 5, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v5i1.309.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between stressors, job satisfaction, well-being, the influence of coping on these relationships and differences for Great Britain, Romania and The Netherlands using the Occupational Stress Indicator-2. 224 participants in Great Britain, 239 participants in Romania and 242 participants in the Netherlands filled in the questionnaire. The stressors workload, hassles and poor organisational climate did have a negative relationship with wellbeing, as expected. The stressor personal responsibility had a positive relationship with well-being. Country was moderating the relationship between managerial role and well-being and personal responsibility and well-being. Coping was mediating the relationships of poor relationships and well-being, and home/work balance and well-being. Well-being did not have a significant relationship with job satisfaction.
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Clair, Amy, Jasmine Fledderjohann, Doireann Lalor, and Rachel Loopstra. "The Housing Situations of Food Bank Users in Great Britain." Social Policy and Society 19, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746419000150.
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Food bank use in Great Britain has risen substantially over the last decade. The considerable socioeconomic disadvantage of the food bank user population has been documented, but little research has examined whether housing problems intersect with insecure food access. Using data from 598 households accessing assistance from twenty-four food banks operating in Great Britain in 2016–2017, we found that nearly 18 per cent of households were homeless, with more having experienced homelessness in the past twelve months. Renters from both the private and social rented sectors were also overrepresented in the sample. Households in both private and social rented housing reported high rates of rent arrears and poor conditions; those in private housing were also more likely to live in homes with damp, to have moved in past year, and to be worried about a forced move in future. Overall, housing problems are widespread among food bank users; policy interventions are needed.
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Ashplant, T. G. "Writing the Lives of the Poor." European Journal of Life Writing 3 (March 14, 2014): R1—R6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.3.96.
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The conference 'Writing the Lives of the Poor' arose out of a joint Anglo-German research project, “Pauper Letters and Petitions for Poor Relief in Germany and Great Britain,1770–1914”, funded by the UK’s Arts & Humanities Research Council,and directed by Prof. Steven King (University of Leicester) and Prof.Dr. Andreas Gestrich (Director, German Historical Institute London. These narratives comprise letters and petitions written by paupers seeking some form of relief. In describing the circumstances which led them to appeal for help, the authors construct autobiographical vignettes. The project aims to construct an online, edited corpus of such texts, which survive in considerable numbers in British and German archives.
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Miles, William R. "Irish Soldiers, Pensions and Imperial Migration during the Early Nineteenth Century." Britain and the World 6, no. 2 (September 2013): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0098.
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During the Napoleonic Wars the British government implemented a pension scheme for discharged soldiers and after 1816 extended benefits to veterans who chose to remain in various colonies throughout the empire. The Chelsea Hospital kept colonial pension applicant information (most of whom were born in Great Britain and Ireland) within specific admission books, now housed in the UK National Archive. The first admission book covers the years 1817 to 1826 and in addition to detailing the service of individual soldiers, points to a particular method of imperial migration where some soldiers appeared to have employed the army to escape socio-economic conditions at home permanently while continuing their association with the British army and state once abroad. Four case-studies involving Irish soldiers are highlighted in order to demonstrate this point. The Irish soldiers are noteworthy because they are over-represented among those veterans who opted to remain in the colonies.
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Sundue, Sharon Braslaw. "Confining the Poor to Ignorance? Eighteenth-Century American Experiments with Charity Education." History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 2 (May 2007): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2007.00086.x.
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In 1738, the English evangelist George Whitefield traveled to the new colony of Georgia intending to establish “a house for fatherless children.” Inspired by both August Hermann Francke, the German Pietist who had great success educating and maintaining poor orphans in Halle, and by charity schools established in Great Britain, Whitefield's orphan house and charity school, named Bethesda, opened its doors early in 1740. For years, Whitefield devoted himself tirelessly to ensuring the success of the Bethesda school, preaching throughout Britain and North America on its behalf. Whitefield's preaching tour on behalf of his beloved Bethesda is well known for its role in catalyzing the religious revivals known collectively as the Great Awakening. The tour also marked an important shift in the history of education in America. News of the establishment of the orphanage at Bethesda coincided with new efforts to school the poor throughout the colonies. Drawing on both the British and German models of charity schooling that were highly influential for Whitefield, eighteenth-century Americans began or increased commitments to charity schooling for poor children. But the European models were not adopted wholesale. Instead, local administrators of the schooling experiments deviated from these models in a striking way. In America, elites offered some children the opportunity for extensive charity instruction, but not necessarily children at the bottom of the social hierarchy. This article will argue that the execution of these charity schooling programs was contingent upon local social conditions, specifically what appears to have been local elites' desire to maintain a certain social order and ensure a continued supply of cheap labor.
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Hébert, Karen. "Life expectancy in Great Britain rises—but later years are still spent in poor health." BMJ 329, no. 7460 (July 29, 2004): 250.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7460.250-a.
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Thane, Pat. "Gendered Narratives of Ageing in Britain since 1900." Journal of the British Academy 11s2 (2023): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/011s2.013.
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There are multiple, sometimes conflicting narratives of ageing. This article surveys those influential in British culture since c. 1900. There is a particular focus upon gender which is often overlooked in common narratives, especially the fact that women have long outlived men, on average, and are still the majority of people defined as 'old'. This large age group, aged from their 60s to past 100, is subject to much stereotyping and generalisation, for example that they are all dependent 'burdens' upon younger people, and that they are incapable of learning new skills. This article challenges these generalisations by stressing the great diversity of the age group including between rich and poor, fit and frail, and highlighting their contributions to society and the economy through paid work, unpaid volunteering, care for aged and younger relatives including grandchildren and financial support for younger people.
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Kolosova, Ekaterina I. "Walter Scott and Washington Irving: On the History of Personal and Professional Relationship." Literature of the Americas, no. 10 (2021): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-10-8-24.
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Walter Scott and Washington Irving are prominent representatives of the Romantic era who were bound by both professional and friendly relations. Their friendship is a remarkable episode in the history of transatlantic literary contacts. In 1817, in Abbotsford, their personal meeting took place, which positively influenced Irving's career. Scott introduced his colleague to his friend John Murray, who was one of the most influential Scottish publishers of his day. Through this meeting, Irving became the first American writer to gain recognition in the UK. An idea of the relationship between Scott and Irving is given by their personal correspondence. Despite the fact that some letters have been lost or are currently in the hands of private collectors, there is enough published material to outline the main topics and interests that united these two writers. In an addendum to the article there are four letters in Russian translation, written in October–December 1819. They are especially noteworthy because they touch on a number of important aspects for Irving's career. In 1819, the American writer took the first steps towards publication in Great Britain and turned to Scott for help. From the master he received a professional assessment of his American editions of The Sketch Book. Scott gave advice on what books are best to publish for an English reader, as well as offered to take the editor post of an anti-Jacobin magazine. In addition, in these letters Scott introduced his American colleague to the intricacies of 19thcentury Scotland book-making and offered the most beneficial ways to communicate with publishers, which is also of interest from the point of view of the history of publishing in the 19th century Great Britain.
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Newson, S., P. Mitchell, M. Parsons, S. O’Brien, G. Austin, S. Benn, J. Black, et al. "Population decline of Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa within the largest colony in Britain and Ireland." Seabird Journal, no. 21 (2008): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.22.77.
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This study used diurnal playback of vocalisations to examine the abundance of breeding Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa on Dun, St Kilda in 2003 and 2006 in relation to the only previous survey conducted using similar methodology in 1999. The number of Apparently Occupied Sites in 2006 was 12,770, not significantly different to the 14,490 found in 2003, but significantly lower than the 27,811 found in 1999, by 54%. The magnitude and rate of the decline are of major conservation concern. Great Skua Stercorarius skua predation is thought the most likely cause but other factors such as poor food supply cannot be ruled out. The importance of continued monitoring of Leach’s Storm-petrel and Great Skua is discussed.
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Newson, S., P. Mitchell, M. Parsons, S. O’Brien, G. Austin, S. Benn, J. Black, et al. "Population decline of Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa within the largest colony in Britain and Ireland." Seabird Journal 21 (2008): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61350/sbj.21.77.
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This study used diurnal playback of vocalisations to examine the abundance of breeding Leach’s Storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa on Dun, St Kilda in 2003 and 2006 in relation to the only previous survey conducted using similar methodology in 1999. The number of Apparently Occupied Sites in 2006 was 12,770, not significantly different to the 14,490 found in 2003, but significantly lower than the 27,811 found in 1999, by 54%. The magnitude and rate of the decline are of major conservation concern. Great Skua Stercorarius skua predation is thought the most likely cause but other factors such as poor food supply cannot be ruled out. The importance of continued monitoring of Leach’s Storm-petrel and Great Skua is discussed.
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Stack, Michael, Martin Jeffrey, Simon Gubbins, Steve Grimmer, Lorenzo González, Stuart Martin, Melanie Chaplin, et al. "Monitoring for bovine spongiform encephalopathy in sheep in Great Britain, 1998–2004." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 2099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81254-0.
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) may have been transmitted to British sheep via contaminated feed in the 1980s. Strain-typing techniques based on immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of abnormal protein (PrPd) and the molecular analysis of proteinase-resistant protein (PrPres) by Western blotting (WB) can discriminate between natural or experimental scrapie and experimental BSE in sheep. Between 1 January 1998 and 31 October 2001, 1247 sheep, clinically suspected of scrapie, were found to be positive by statutory tests in Great Britain. Archived brain tissue from these cases was retested by using these discriminatory methods. Twelve brain samples showed PrPres WB patterns that were unlike those found in natural or experimental scrapie. Prospective screening of fresh tissue from a further 1121 scrapie cases was also carried out between 1 November 2001 and 31 May 2004. Two samples gave WB results with similarities to the results found for experimental BSE in sheep. When all 14 unusual cases were tested by IHC, no match to experimental BSE in sheep was found. There were uncertainties within the retrospective study, where some equivocal results were obtained due to poor tissue quality or the unavailability of the optimum brain region. However, for the samples where tissue condition was optimum, our results provide no evidence for the presence of BSE in sheep. Epidemiological interpretation of the 450 flocks sampled indicates that the maximum proportion of sheep transmissible spongiform encephalopathy cases that could be BSE is 0.66 %. This estimate is lower than calculated previously (5 %), when the analysis was based on the results of strain typing in mice.
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Matvieieva, Yu. "ROAD MAP ON MODERNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SMART GRID: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 2 (2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.2-5.
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Countries around the world are developing roadmaps for the modernization and development of energy networks in order to increase energy and economic efficiency, the introduction of tools for rational energy consumption, improving the reliability, sustainability and quality of electricity. At the same time, special interest is paid to the base of using innovative technologies and renewable energy sources. This article provides a bibliographic review of publications in the field of European experience in developing a roadmap for the modernization and development of energy grids. During the analysis, a selection of papers for 2010-2021 was selected from the Scopus® database, which contains bibliographic information about scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals, books and conferences.With the help of VOSviewer software were identified five clusters of research in the context of forming a roadmap for the modernization and development of energy grids. The first cluster is related to energy efficiency issues. This cluster has the most relationships with other clusters. The cluster contains key concepts such as roadmap, international roadmap technology and Smart Grid technology. The second cluster was formed on the basis of research on different types of energy resources. In the third cluster, most connections are found in terms of «sustainable development». The fourth cluster forms the key concepts related to energy policy and standardization. The fifth cluster includes energy development factors studied by developed countries. In turn, the article identifies the countries that are most interested in the deployment of the road map and the implementation of "Smart Grid" projects. Thus, the most actively studied this issue by such countries as Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Great Britain, Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, France. According to the results of the database of the Center for Joint Research "Smart Electricity Systems and Interoperability", the implemented Smart Grid projects by EU countries were analyzed. The main tasks of the modern energy model are outlined.
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Lane, Rosanna A., Gemma Coxon, Jim E. Freer, Thorsten Wagener, Penny J. Johnes, John P. Bloomfield, Sheila Greene, Christopher J. A. Macleod, and Sim M. Reaney. "Benchmarking the predictive capability of hydrological models for river flow and flood peak predictions across over 1000 catchments in Great Britain." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 4011–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4011-2019.
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Abstract. Benchmarking model performance across large samples of catchments is useful to guide model selection and future model development. Given uncertainties in the observational data we use to drive and evaluate hydrological models, and uncertainties in the structure and parameterisation of models we use to produce hydrological simulations and predictions, it is essential that model evaluation is undertaken within an uncertainty analysis framework. Here, we benchmark the capability of several lumped hydrological models across Great Britain by focusing on daily flow and peak flow simulation. Four hydrological model structures from the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE) were applied to over 1000 catchments in England, Wales and Scotland. Model performance was then evaluated using standard performance metrics for daily flows and novel performance metrics for peak flows considering parameter uncertainty. Our results show that lumped hydrological models were able to produce adequate simulations across most of Great Britain, with each model producing simulations exceeding a 0.5 Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency for at least 80 % of catchments. All four models showed a similar spatial pattern of performance, producing better simulations in the wetter catchments to the west and poor model performance in central Scotland and south-eastern England. Poor model performance was often linked to the catchment water balance, with models unable to capture the catchment hydrology where the water balance did not close. Overall, performance was similar between model structures, but different models performed better for different catchment characteristics and metrics, as well as for assessing daily or peak flows, leading to the ensemble of model structures outperforming any single structure, thus demonstrating the value of using multi-model structures across a large sample of different catchment behaviours. This research evaluates what conceptual lumped models can achieve as a performance benchmark and provides interesting insights into where and why these simple models may fail. The large number of river catchments included in this study makes it an appropriate benchmark for any future developments of a national model of Great Britain.
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Musiewicz, Piotr. "Krytyka nowego prawa o ubogich w ujęciu ruchu oksfordzkiego (1833‑1845)." Politeja 15, no. 55 (May 22, 2019): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.55.04.
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The Oxford Movement’s Critique of the Poor Law Amendment ActThe paper presents a short history of poor laws in England and Great Britain, the content and justifications of the Poor Law Amendment Act (1834), general characteristics of the Oxford Movement and its main political ideas, the state of contemporary research on the topic, and finally the Movement’s approach to the new Poor Law. This approach – the Oxford Movement’s critique – has been reconstructed into three main groups of arguments. In the first group there are arguments pointing out why a state’s responsibility, and state-organised system of poor relief, is to be irrelevant and why the Church should play a far greater role in this field. The second group of arguments underlines the impracticality of centralisation in the system and proposes the major role of the local units in poor relief, as well as more ‘personal’ approach to the poor, also by reforming workhouses. The third group of arguments undermines the liberal (and Puritan) idea of solely individual responsibility for one’s poverty and destitution – an idea underlying the new Poor Law.
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Mishenina, H., and D. Pavlenko. "FEATURES AND PROSPECTS OF AGILE APPLICATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN TERMS OF UKRAINE’S PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TRANSFORMATIONS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 4 (2020): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.4-16.
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The article is devoted to the study of conceptual foundations of the Agile management, the need and prospects for implementing its methods in the sphere of public authorities. Systemic shortcomings of traditional governance in public authorities hinder the effective, prompt solution of important tasks of local socio-economic development and the country as a whole, and do not respond quickly to changes in the external environment. Now, during the period of active transformation of social, economic, political systems caused by the COVID 19 pandemic, the speed and quality of digitalization of all processes play a significant role. In the future, such changes will only deepen, covering all areas of socio-economic relations. Emphasis is placed on the processes of reforming the sphere of public administration and local self-government, in particular in terms of digitalization of public administration elements. The analysis of preconditions of active use of flexible methods of management in the public sphere is carried out. The introduction of the Agile technologies to project-oriented structures of public authorities is argued. The essence and practical aspects of effective application of Scrum methodology are considered, and the scheme of its introduction to work of bodies of regional management and local government is offered. The article analyzes the experience of practical application of the Agile approach in the public sector in some countries of the world (such as Great Britain, USA, Australia) and defines the basis for further «State Agile» development in Ukraine. The relevance of further the Agile approach popularization in public administration is confirmed by the need for changes in public-management relations, and prospects for the public digitalization in the following areas such as: development and implementation of a strategy for digital transformation of regions; implementations of digital solutions for increasing the public authorities' efficiency; ensuring electronic interaction between national, regional and local registries; digital democracy development, and so on.
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Chygryn, O., O. Olefirenko, O. Ivakhnenko, and V. Haag. "GREEN COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 3 (2021): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.3-19.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of publications devoted to the formation of the concept and components of the green competitiveness of enterprises. The study was conducted using bibliometric analysis VOSviewer v.1.6 visualization tools and ScopusTools tools. During the analysis, a set of 54,753 scientific articles on this issue for the period 1991–2020 was generated in publications indexed by scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science. The results of the study allowed to identify the prerequisites for the development of the concept of green competitiveness. Promotion of greening processes in the business sector (development of green production, use of resource-saving technologies and renewable energy sources, implementation of recycling) provides additional environmentally-oriented competitive advantages to enterprises. The dynamics of publishing activity characterizes the increase of scientific interest in this issue since the late 1990s. This trend is largely due to the global development of the business sector, increased competition, the promotion of the so-called "fifth way". The main stages of development of the concept of green competitiveness include the following stages: related to the transformation of approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "competitiveness" (2004-2012); the second is related to the emergence and dominance in cross-sectoral research of two new patterns that reflect the development of the green economy and determine the competitive advantages of enterprises (2012-2014); the third is related to the development of the concept of green marketing and the implementation of its tools as a determinant of ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises (2014-2016). The results of the analysis showed that the most cited scientific publications on the topic of green competitiveness belong to scientists from the United States, China, Great Britain, Germany, and Spain. The main areas of research are engineering, science, social sciences, energy, business and management, and computer science. The study formed the basis for building tools to ensure green competitive advantages of enterprises.
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Letunovska, N. Ye, L. Yu Saher, and A. P. Nazarenko. "PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN INCLUSIVE REGION GROWTH." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 2 (2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.2-20.
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The article explores the concept of inclusive development of regions, emphasizing the study of the formation and maintenance of a stable level of public health in the scientific literature. For bibliographic analysis, complex scientometric databases Scopus and Dimensions were used to analyze a set of publications formed according to specific criteria using the software tool VOSviewer. The visualization method was used to visualize the obtained results. The search in scientometric databases was carried out by the criterion of the title of the publication, the content of its annotation and keywords. The analysis showed that the main research clusters form groups of scientists' publications from the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and Canada. The small number of publications, but their growth dynamics and the increasing number of citations (according to Google Scholar) indicate a lack of study of inclusive growth in the region in the public health management system and the prospects for its exploration by scientists. According to the analysis, the interest of scientists in solving the problem of public health in ensuring regional development increased in 2020-2021. Much of the publications relate to such areas of knowledge as business, management and accounting. The main areas of research on public health in the development of the regions include the provision of medical services, the health care system, social determinants of health, and the population's state of health. Scientific clusters are gradually being formed around these keywords. The obtained results of the bibliographic analysis form the basis for a better understanding of public health issues, the search for gaps, the solution of which should be worked on in further research. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the COVID-19 pandemic as a crisis-forming factor that hinders the movement of regional development in a promising direction and ensuring the resilience of the system. It is substantiated that the health factor is essential in forming a robust human potential of the country and the growth of labor productivity.
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Sulym, Victoria, and Kateryna Samodai. "THE NATIONAL ECONOMY DE-SHADOWING TOOLS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 4 (2022): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.4-31.
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The article deals with the essence of the national economy de-shadowing concept, as well as foreign experience in combating the shadow sector. In particular, the methods of counteracting the shadowing of the national economy in such countries as the USA, Great Britain, France, Poland, Germany, Austria, etc. are summarized. Among the most common and effective tools of de-shadowing of the economy in the studied countries, the following are identified: property liability for committing an economic crime, prohibition of economic activity for persons or business entities that have violated tax legislation or carried out export-import operations with companies located in offshore zones. The administrative and organizational structural stages of the national economy de-shadowing state policy have been developed, which include the collection of statistical information about the level of the economy de-shadowing, analysis of existing methods of combating it and determining its level, as well as factors of influence, consequences of existence and losses from the de-shadowing of the national economy. The final structural stages are the state policy of combating the shadow economy foundations formation and the practical implementation of the planned measures. The necessity of not only finding new tools for combating the shadow economy, but also the implementation of measures tested by world experience has been determined. The formation of an effective system of tools to combat shadow activities, comprehensive monitoring of combating tax evasion and obtaining illegal profits, creation of favorable conditions for entrepreneurial activity, and others are identified as promising vectors in the state policy of de-shadowing of the national economy. The study analyzed the preparatory stages of the national economy de-shadowing state policy, the need for regular collection of information to determine the economic factors of the dynamics of changes in the share of the shadow sector in the national economy, as well as the determination of the economic, social and environmental consequences of the de-shadowing of the national economy for the further formation of effective and comprehensive methods and tools of economy de-shadowing.
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Demchenko, Mariia. "MARKETING MANAGEMENT IN THE FIELD OF THEATRE ARTS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2024, no. 2 (2024): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2024.2-06.
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Even taking into account the difficult conditions of life in Ukraine, society always strives to restore itself by filling itself with positive emotions. Considering these aspects, the theater industry is still growing even faster than during the pandemic since 2020. Accordingly, today marketing is an important tool for the successful functioning and development of theatrical art, ensuring its accessibility, popularity and financial stability. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of marketing management support in the field of theatrical art. The results of the analysis of queries in the Google search network, scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science confirm the relevance of the researched topic. An analysis of the dynamics of search queries for the period from 2004 to May 2024 showed significant fluctuations in interest in marketing management and theater arts, which were caused by economic crises and the COVID-19 pandemic. After the recovery in 2022, new marketing platforms such as TikTok have contributed to positive changes in the field of marketing management. Geographical analysis shows a predominance of interest in theater arts in Canada, Australia, Great Britain and Ireland, while in China, Brazil, Germany and Ukraine there is a greater interest in marketing management. The author revealed an increase in the level of interest among the scientific community in the field of research into the effectiveness of marketing management in the theater industry. This is evidenced by the general increase in the number of scientific works over the past five years by almost 20%, taking into account the rather wide geography of publishing activity. A competitive analysis of four of the largest and most popular theaters of Ukraine - Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Drama Theater, Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater, Solomiya Krushelnytska Lviv National Academic Opera and Ballet Theater and Kyiv National Academic Molodyy Theatre - emphasized the importance of modern marketing strategies and active using social media to successfully promote theater productions.
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Jasnikowski, Adam, Ievgen Neiman, Maksym Dubovenko, and Oleksandr Kaylyuk. "TERRITORY MARKETING: STUDY OF KEY TRENDS IN THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2024, no. 2 (2024): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2024.2-05.
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Territorial marketing is a multifaceted scientific direction that includes elements of branding, use of digital technologies, performance evaluation and consideration of cultural factors. It is an important tool for territories' economic, social, cultural and ecological development. It helps attract investment, support local businesses, improve the quality of life for residents, preserve cultural heritage and promote sustainable development. The purpose of the article is to study the main trends in publishing activity on the subject of territory marketing. The authors have systematised the research areas of territory marketing: the conceptual foundations of territory marketing, territory branding strategies, the use of digital technologies in territory marketing, measuring the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, and the influence of cultural and social factors. With the help of the Scopus tools, the peculiarities of publication activity on territory marketing were investigated. For the period from 1990 to 2023, more than 1,573 publications were analysed. Italy, the USA, France, Spain, Great Britain, Australia, Portugal, India, and Canada are among the leading countries in publishing activity. Key subject areas include Social Sciences, Business, Management and Accounting, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Environmental Science, Engineering, and Medicine. The most significant publications are affiliated with the Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Portugal, the University of Guam, Guam Island, and Charles Darwin University, Australia. The authors conclude that socio-economic development and territorial development strategies focus on increasing competitiveness by preserving and using existing, as well as forming and implementing new competitive advantages, which determines the positioning of the territory. Given this, the relevant strategies for developing territories and cities should ensure the convergence of management and economic activities of the subjects of the territorial system, effective management of production infrastructure, and provision of consumer needs. In the face of global environmental challenges, marketing territories can contribute to promoting environmentally friendly technologies and practices. This helps to attract investments in sustainable projects and increase the population's environmental awareness.
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Kasprzycki, Remigiusz. "Western Europe as a Model for Polish Defenders of Animal Welfare prior to 1939." Kwartalnik Historyczny 129, no. 6 (March 16, 2023): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/kh.2022.129.si.1.03.
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This article looks at how Western Europe served as a model for Polish animal advocates before 1939. France and Great Britain inspired the greatest respect among Polish animal defenders. Polish animal lovers, fascinated by the French and English treatment of animals, discovered the effectiveness of grassroots initiatives, rather than legal resolutions and acts, for the welfare of animals. This article attempts to explain why the endeavour to copy the treatment of animals by wealthy Germans, French, and above all English and introduce it to economically poor Poland proved to be utopian.
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Sigsworth, Michael, and Michael Worboys. "The public's view of public health in mid-Victorian Britain." Urban History 21, no. 2 (October 1994): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800011044.
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What did the public think about public health reform in mid-Victorian Britain? Historians have had a lot to say about the sanitary mentality and actions of the middle class, yet have been strangely silent about the ideas and behaviour of the working class, who were the great majority of the public and the group whose health was mainly in question. Perhaps there is nothing to say. The working class were commonly referred to as ‘the Great Unwashed’, purportedly ignorant and indifferent on matters of personal hygiene, environmental sanitation and hence health. Indeed, the writings of reformers imply that the working class simply did not have a sanitary mentality. However, the views of sanitary campaigners should not be taken at face value. Often propaganda and always one class's perception of another, in the context of the social apartheid in Britain's cities in the mid-nineteenth century, sanitary campaigners' views probably reveal more about middle-class anxieties than the actual social and physical conditions of the poor. None the less many historians still use such material to portray working-class life, but few have gone on to ask how public health reform was seen and experienced ‘from below’. Historians of public health have tended to portray the urban working class as passive victims who were rescued by enlightened middle-class reformers. This seems to be borne out at the political level where, unlike with other popular movements of the 1840s and after, there is little evidence of working-class participation in, or support for, the public health movement.
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Lipton, Michael. "Market, Redistributive and Proto-Reform: Can Liberalization Help the Poor?" Asian Development Review 13, no. 01 (January 1995): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110595000017.
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In early modernization, reforms can remove arbitrary privilege—both freeing markets and helping the poor. Later, there is tension between redistributive and market reforms. The paper explores reform options by contrasting recent Asian experience with earlier experiences of Europe, especially Britain. The two great accelerations in world poverty reduction—Europe’s in 1750-1950, Asia’s since 1950—saw sharply increasing salience of redistributive reform. In 1950-75, such reform often proved disappointing for want of market reform; gains leaked to the rich and to bureaucrats via rent-seeking. Yet the reaction toward purely market reforms since 1980 has also disappointed many developing countries, because the decline in redistributive reforms has left many poor people without access to markets, land, or education. Market reforms often require land reform and / or “children’s reform” in order to succeed. Recent evidence confirms robust, positive relationships between reduced inequality and subsequent faster growth. In some policy areas (e.g., bequests taxation), incentives may benefit from redistributive reform.
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Khalilova, Lyudmila A. "BATTLE OF BRITAIN: LONDON IN LONDONERS’ COMMEMORATIONS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 4 (2020): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2020-4-84-98.
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The article is devoted to the Blitz commemorations of the citizens of London. Such WWII memoirs are extremely precious since they give the reader a first-person view of the witness’s actions, feelings, experiences. Reminiscences make us deeply involved in different events of the Blitz, showing both the unbelievable ruthlessness of the enemy and the endeavor of the citizens of the British capital to retain their human nature. The Blitz period has originated a lot of accounts connected with the scale of bombardment. The present papertacklesthe recollections ofrenownedwriters,war correspondents, artists, people at work – firefighters and local defense volunteers. Ordinary citizens – grown-ups and children – were also among the onlookers. Ernie Pyle, a famous journalist, presented a description of blanket night bombings, one of which resulted in the Second Great Fire of London. Virginia Woolf did not only describe her feelings during an air raid but also reflected on future peace. Eyewitnesses’ accounts convey the images of devastation, sufferings, horror. And, at the same time, people stayed heroic and defiant, they continued living among the ruins – sheltering, developing their own mini-governments in the Tube, playing cricket amidst debris, digging for victory. Moreover, as Henry Morton, another famous journalist and traveler, reported, Londoners had not lost their sense of humor even under unrelenting bombardment. The documentary sources indicate that the spirits were high: the old and the young, the rich and the poor were getting along, joined together. Those people were
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Яблонская, О. В. "Underage “Builders of Great Britain”: Child Migration in the British Empire." Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2023): 870–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2023-7-3-3.
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Статья посвящена британской детской миграции в XIX – первой половине ХХ в. Исследованы причины и условия переезда, а также значение, которое придавалось расселению молодежи на периферии британского мира. Показано, что на миграционную политику влияли филантропические, социально-экономические факторы, империалистические, национальные и расовые соображения – акценты менялись с течением времени. До середины XIX в. переселение было вызвано желанием помочь бедным детям или стремлением депортировать лишних и опасных жителей из метрополии, со второй половины XIX в. в мигрантах стали видеть инструмент имперской политики. Миграция согласовывалась с доктриной социал-империализма. Она позволяла решить социальные проблемы метрополии, снимала в обществе напряженность, связанную с массовой безработицей, открывала новые возможности для экономического роста всей империи. Молодежь восполняла дефицит трудовых ресурсов доминионов, возделывала неосвоенные земли, распространяла европейские ценности и технологии, консолидировала разрозненных жителей в единую Великую Британию с глобальной британской идентичностью. В переселении несовершеннолетних из грязных и тесных мегаполисов на сельские просторы видели возможность сохранить здоровое поколение и силу англо-саксонской нации. В странах южного полушария мигранты из Альбиона рассматривались как защитники «белой» расы и европейской цивилизации, а потому с конца XIX в. были ужесточены требования к переселению, допускались только представители «правильного» типа мигранта по расовым, социальным, физиологическим, психическим критериям. Многие мигранты добились успехов на новой родине, но некоторые столкнулись с жестокостью, эксплуатацией, социальным остракизмом. Сделан вывод, что идея Великой Британии как глобального сообщества после Второй мировой войны оказалась несостоятельной, имперские цели все больше противоречили национальным задачам, что привело к прекращению переселения детей. Выросшие мигранты, лишившиеся своей родины и связей с родственниками, не сумевшие адаптироваться на новом месте, превратились в смущающее напоминание о «темной странице» имперского прошлого. The article is devoted to British child migration in the 19th – first half of the 20th century. The reasons, conditions for moving, the importance attached to the resettlement of young people on the periphery of the British world are investigated. It is shown that philanthropic, socio-economic factors as well as imperialist, national, and racial reasons influenced migration policy. The emphasis changed over time. Until the middle of the 19th century the resettlement was caused by a desire to help poor children or to deport unnecessary and dangerous residents from the metropolis; in the second half of the 19th century migrants began to be seen as an instrument of imperial policy. Migration was consistent with the doctrine of social imperialism. It made it possible to solve the social problems of the metropolis, relieved tension in society that were associated with mass unemployment, and opened up new opportunities for the economic growth of the entire Empire. The youth made up for the shortage of labor resources in the dominions, cultivated undeveloped lands, spread European values and technologies, consolidated disparate residents into single Great Britain with its global British identity. The resettlement of minors from dirty and cramped cities to rural areas was believed to offer an opportunity to preserve a healthy generation and the strength of the Anglo-Saxon nation. In the countries of the southern hemisphere, migrants from Albion were seen as defenders of the white race and European civilization. That is why in the late 19th century, the requirements for resettlement were tightened, allowing only the “proper” type of migrant according to racial, social, physiological, and mental criteria. Many migrants achieved success in their new homeland, but some of them faced cruelty, exploitation, and social ostracism. It is concluded that the idea of Great Britain as a global community turned out to be untenable after the Second World War. Imperial goals increasingly contradicted national objectives, which led to the cessation of child migration. Deprived of their homeland and ties with their relatives, unable to adapt to new places, child migrants who turned into adults become an embarrassing reminder of the “dark page” of the imperial past.
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Syhyda, L. O., and A. M. Tsunenko. "LOGISTIC ACTIVITY OF LUKAS MTC PE: CURRENT STATE AND DIRECTIONS OF FURTHER IMPROVEMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2020): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.2-13.
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In the current conditions problem of logistics is becoming more and more burning for enterprises. The reason is that logistics reflects the willingness of enterprises to adapting and transparency. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the logistics activities at the Lukas MTC PE. The data presented in the article were obtained using such research methods as analysis, graphical method, and SWOT-analysis. As a result of the research, the literature sources devoted to the problem of supply chain management and its efficiency evaluation at the enterprises were investigated. Using Google trends, we determined the dynamics of the keyword “logistics” search for the period from May 2019 to May 2020. Additionally, based on the Scopus database, we analyzed publications for the keyword “supply chain management”. It showed that the scientists from the United States, Great Britain, India, and Germany make the main contribution in this field, and the chain concept forms the largest cluster of research. Using SWOT-analysis, we identified the strengths and weaknesses of the Lukas MTC PE. It allowed determining further directions of enterprises’ development regarding potential threats. Moreover, we presented the features of the logistics activities of the enterprise in the form of the Ishikawa diagram. It showed the success factors of the Lukas MTC PE logistics activities. In particular, as the main factors, we highlighted its own logistics center, suppliers’ careful selection and control, electronic system 1C WMS in the warehouse, and others. The obtained results allowed to suggest three main directions of the logistics activity improvement. The first is the implementation of the logistics concept "just-in-time", which provides the use of the KANBAN system. The second one is the implementation of the ERP system, and the third is the introduction of SAP Transportation Management (SAP TM). Also, we analyzed potential risks to increase the effectiveness of the proposed improvements implementation. The extreme risks are lack of material, financial, labor resources, and insufficient qualifications of employees in working with new programs. Additionally, risk analysis allowed to develop preventive measures to reduce or eliminate potential risks. Further research aims at studying the peculiarities of Lukas MTC PE interaction with suppliers.
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Khomenko, Liliia, Olena Chygryn, Kateryna Shevchenko, Yuriy Bilan, and Ihor Ponomarenko. "CARBON NEUTRALITY OF UKRAINE BY 2050." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 4 (2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.4-16.
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The article presents the research results on some aspects of achieving carbon neutrality in Ukraine. Carbon neutrality is a challenge for the whole world. In 2020, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a historical maximum. The work aims to study the features of achieving carbon neutrality in Ukraine. The tasks of the work are the analysis of the components of the transition to low-carbon development, analysis of the consumption of fossil fuels, and activities related to the preservation of forests, natural steppe, and meadow ecosystems. Interest in carbon neutrality issues grows yearly, with a particularly in 2021-2022. Most articles on carbon neutrality were published by scientists from China, the USA, Great Britain, Turkey, and Pakistan. They are mainly devoted to carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, renewable energy, energy consumption, financial development, co-integration, dioxin emissions, etc. Positive trends regarding the achievement of carbon neutrality have been identified: the supply of natural gas, coal, and peat has decreased, while the supply of renewable energy sources has increased; the share of coal and peat decreased by 26.4%, and the percentage of energy produced from renewable sources increased to 6.6%; the use of coal and peat decreased by 8.5%, natural gas by 5%, and biofuels increased by 16%; the share of biofuel use increased to 5.8%. Expenditures for environmental protection increased by 88.5%, for preserving biodiversity and habitat - by 3.6 times, and costs for air protection and climate change problems - by 2.5 times. The share of expenditures on the protection of biodiversity and habitat increased to 3.2%, and costs on atmospheric air protection and climate change problems to 19.3%. Negative trends that restrain the development of a carbon-neutral economy were also revealed: a low share of renewable sources in the structure of supply and use. Thus, the percentage of biofuel in aggregate use remains low - only 5.8% in 2020. The area of forest loss is increasing, and the area of forest regeneration has decreased by 36%. The area of reforestation remained at the same level, but the area of afforestation decreased ten times during 2010-2020.
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Fainstein, S. S. "Government Programs for Commercial Redevelopment in Poor Neighborhoods: The Cases of Spitalfields in East London and Downtown Brooklyn, NY." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 2 (February 1994): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a260215.
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Since the economic crisis of the mid-1970s, urban governments in the United States and Great Britain have used programs to stimulate office development as their main vehicle for encouraging economic growth. Two cases of government-sponsored redevelopment are compared: Spitalfields in East London and downtown Brooklyn, New York. Both are in impoverished peripheral areas and involve the creation of large projects that require a transformation of land uses; each involves the activity of a public-private partnership. Despite some differences in types of governmental activity that result from different ideological and institutional traditions, the elements of the two projects are strikingly alike.
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Akram, Adnan. "Darn Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown Business. 2012. 529 pages. U.S $ 17.00." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i3pp.276-278.
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“Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty” is an impressive book by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. In this book, the authors attempt to solve the longstanding puzzle that why some nations, such as the United Sates, Great Britain, Germany, etc. are rich today, and why the others, such as Zimbabwe, Ghana, Egypt, etc. are poor. The authors show with the help of substantial historical evidence that man-made economic and political institutions matter for the vast differences in the level of economic development among countries. They argue history is the key to understand the difference and evolution of economic and political institutions in different parts of the world. During historical evolution of the institutions, small differences and contingency (e.g., Black Death) matter a lot. According to them, it is not the geography, culture, weather or the choice of wrong policies that make countries rich or poor but it is the institutions that make countries rich or poor.
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Moon, Graham, Grant Aitken, Joanna Taylor, and Liz Twigg. "Integrating national surveys to estimate small area variations in poor health and limiting long-term illness in Great Britain." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016936.
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ObjectivesThis study aims to address, for the first time, the challenges of constructing small area estimates of health status using linked national surveys. The study also seeks to assess the concordance of these small area estimates with data from national censuses.SettingPopulation level health status in England, Scotland and Wales.ParticipantsA linked integrated dataset of 23 374 survey respondents (16+ years) from the 2011 waves of the Health Survey for England (n=8603), the Scottish Health Survey (n=7537) and the Welsh Health Survey (n=7234).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPopulation prevalence of poorer self-rated health and limiting long-term illness. A multilevel small area estimation modelling approach was used to estimate prevalence of these outcomes for middle super output areas in England and Wales and intermediate zones in Scotland. The estimates were then compared with matched measures from the contemporaneous 2011 UK Census.ResultsThere was a strong positive association between the small area estimates and matched census measures for all three countries for both poorer self-rated health (r=0.828, 95% CI 0.821 to 0.834) and limiting long-term illness (r=0.831, 95% CI 0.824 to 0.837), although systematic differences were evident, and small area estimation tended to indicate higher prevalences than census data.ConclusionsDespite strong concordance, variations in the small area prevalences of poorer self-rated health and limiting long-term illness evident in census data cannot be replicated perfectly using small area estimation with linked national surveys. This reflects a lack of harmonisation between surveys over question wording and design. The nature of small area estimates as ‘expected values’ also needs to be better understood.
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Polishchuk, Ye, and O. Nagorna. "MIGRATION OF SCIENTISTS IN THE GROWTH OF THE POTENTIAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL SPACE: LESSONS OF EU AND US COUNTRIES." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 1 (2021): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.1-31.
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Such a phenomenon as the migration of scientists can be considered from different points of view. In particular, some scholars share the view that this is a negative aspect in the development of the scientific and educational space of a particular country, while others believe that with the right migration policy, it can greatly strengthen the competitiveness of the country that scientists leave. The aim of the article is to highlight the latest trends in the policies of various EU and US countries, as well as to develop practical recommendations for the implementation of some aspects of Ukraine's migration policy for such a category as scientists. The main research method is a comparative analysis, which allows to clearly identify the advantages and disadvantages of each migration policy of each country. The migration of scientists can be used by a single university to establish strong communication with those universities that accept immigrant scientists, which will only be useful for building their future relationships. The article also identifies the advantages and disadvantages of such a phenomenon as the migration of scientists. The definition of virtual migration is given and its main forms and directions are determined. The article considers and compares the migration of scientists and the migration of engineers on the example of Great Britain. It is proved that foreign scientists often occupy positions in those fields where domestic specialists for various reasons do not want to work. The experience of Lithuania has proved the possibility of successful cooperation, which goes beyond the individual level to the level of cooperation with foreign universities. And this was facilitated by the tendency to digitalize various processes. It has been determined that scientists belong to one of the most traveling professions, and many scientists cross borders in search of opportunities. Their state of affairs is explained primarily by an adventurous spirit and a thirst for constant search, which is developed in scientists. Moreover, it is simply the nature of the work - usually, depending on the topic, only a dozen scientists can deeply understand a narrow study - not to mention to help advance it, so scientists are forced to migrate around the world. Upon completion, a number of measures are proposed to increase the potential for cooperation between scientists of Ukrainian origin around the world.
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Stolyarov, V., O. Shinkaryuk, and V. Stolyarova. "Systemic Interaction of Center and Regions in Ukraine (basics of national-civilizational security)." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 4 (62) (2020): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2020-4(62)-52-63.
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The article poses and solves the problem of achieving coordinated interaction between the Center and the Regions as a single, organic and dynamic system of a sovereign independent state. Modern approaches of liberal and planned principles of overcoming bureaucratic and corrupt arbitrariness and urgent resuscitation with intensive revival of economic and vital activity of Ukraine, which is purposefully destroyed under external influence, are considered. The main provisions of the report of the President of France Emmanuel Macron in August 2019 on the Great Fracture in European and world civilization processes are revealed. The main ideas and directions of the Plan of the Great Reset and implementation of the fourth industrial revolution of June 2020 of the Davos World Economic Forum are presented. A meaningful chronology of the formation of the organizational mechanism for the introduction of inclusive capitalism and its management and staffing is given. The equivalence of the principles of homeostasis of economic and biological systems is considered by comparing the restoration of the viability of the global network economy and marine biological systems (on the example of a vampire octopus). Generalized signs of international and state terrorism in Ukraine. The necessity to change the Anglo-Saxon model of open market economy to socially oriented one using the doctrine of 3 "S": social forecasting, social planning and social management is substantiated. It is proposed to use the experience of the United States and Great Britain on social planning and the European financial model of people's capitalism. Based on the proposals of Emelyanov O.S. to enhance the role of the Center in cooperation with the Regions, it is recommended to develop National and Regional Human Development Programs. It is proposed to develop a Planning Code of Ukraine based on the provisions of the model of socially adequate management with encyclopedic criteria for their use at the national and regional levels of government.
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Melnyk, Leonid, Bohdan Kovalov, Valerii Hrytsenko, Alina Simanovska, and Yevheniia Stepanenko. "CREATIVE ECONOMY AS THE MAIN DIRECTION OF FORMING A SOCIALLY ORIENTED ECONOMY." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 4 (2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.4-06.
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The new economy is based on the sphere of services, which are created by intellectual creative work. Key factors in this are knowledge, innovation, scientific achievements and technologies based on modern progressive post-industrial society. In this way, intellectual and creative work turns into the leading driving force of the new economy. The purpose of the work is to determine the key areas of development of the creative economy. As a result of the research, it was established that the creative economy includes hundreds of spheres of activity. Among them, in particular: television, fine arts, design, cinema, music, architecture, education, fashion, etc. This list can be continued endlessly, because human imagination has no limits. The creative economy depends on the creative activity of people and the innovativeness of their works, and not on natural resources, such as land, water, and subsoil. Thus, this industry does not cause such damage to the environment as it is caused by industrial enterprises or agricultural production. It is these sectors that primarily deplete renewable and non-renewable natural resources massively, and also pollute the environment. In Ukraine, the process of investing in creative industries is still far from the indicators of developed countries and is implemented through separate programs that stimulate people, mainly young people, to earn, activating intellectual potential (Start-up Fund, Diya City, loans 5-7-9, etc). The largest producer of added value in the creative economy sector in Ukraine is the IT sector, which accounts for 25% of the total added value. The largest share of IT technology exports is accounted for by computer services – almost 37%. In 2020, their income was 5 billion dollars, and in 2021 – 6.8 billion US dollars. Recently, the creative economy is closely intertwined with all areas of our life. It affects education, science, technical progress, determines the attractiveness of regions. In the processes of formation of the creative economy, the main resource is information, and the key assets are personnel and their non-standard, creative ideas. Thus, the main direction is to increase the quality of human capital. However, the development of this area also requires appropriate capital investments. Creative industries develop best in large cities, megacities, and highly developed countries. Therefore, in order to catch up with Germany or Great Britain, Ukraine needs to increase investments in this area. The scientific provisions regarding the systematization of the directions of the creative economy were further developed, and the volumes of the creative economy by sectors of the national economy were substantiated.
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Jenkins, Rachel, Paul Bebbington, Traolach S. Brugha, Mike Farrell, Glyn Lewis, and Howard Meltzer. "British psychiatric morbidity survey." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 1 (July 1998): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.1.4.
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There is mounting evidence of the massive global health burden of mental illness (Murray & Lopez, 1996; Jenkins, 1997). Within Great Britain, the Department of Health's overall objectives for mental illness were summarised as follows (Department of Health, 1993):(a) To reduce the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders.(b) To reduce the mortality associated with mental disorders.(c) To reduce the extent and severity of other problems associated with mental disorders, for example:(i) poor physical health;(ii) impaired social functioning;(iii) poor social circumstances;(iv) family burden.(d) To ensure appropriate services and interventions are provided.(e) To reverse the public's negative perception of mental illness, for example:(i) counter fear, ignorance and stigma;(ii) create a more positive social climate in which to seek help;(iii) improve quality of life for people with mental health problems.(f) To research causes, consequences and care of specific mental disorders.
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DENNIS, MICHAEL, SARAH BAILLON, TRAOLACH BRUGHA, JAMES LINDESAY, ROBERT STEWART, and HOWARD MELTZER. "The spectrum of suicidal ideation in Great Britain: comparisons across a 16–74 years age range." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 6 (February 9, 2007): 795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707000013.
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Background. Previous studies have examined suicidal ideation in older populations and emphasized the strong association with the presence of psychiatric disorder. However, associations with the presence of psychiatric disorder across the age range are unclear. Representative epidemiological estimates are needed.Method. In a national survey of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain, 8580 randomly selected adults were interviewed. Three questions were asked to assess suicidal ideation, and psychiatric disorder was identified using the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).Results. Suicidal ideation was up to three times commoner in younger adults than in those aged 55–74 years but the odds of depression in those with suicidal thoughts was significantly greater in the older age group (p<0·01). Tiredness with life (p<0·01) and thoughts of death (p<0·01) were also more strongly associated with depression in the older age group. Other major associations of suicidal ideation for all ages were: smaller social support group, being divorced or separated, poor self-rated general health, and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). Being single was an important factor for younger age groups, and widowhood for older people. Life events were also important in younger people, but not in those aged 55–74 years.Conclusions. Suicidal thoughts and death wishes are comparatively more unusual in older people; however, they are more likely to be associated with clinical depression. In terms of suicide prevention this study emphasizes the importance of improving rates of recognition and treatment of depression in older people.
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Meltzer, H., P. Bebbington, T. Brugha, R. Jenkins, S. McManus, and S. Stansfeld. "Job insecurity, socio-economic circumstances and depression." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 8 (November 11, 2009): 1401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991802.
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BackgroundEconomic recessions are characterized by job insecurity and rising unemployment. The relationship between job insecurity and poor mental health is known. However, we do not know how this relationship is affected by individual socio-economic circumstances.MethodA random probability sample comprising 3581 respondents (1746 men and 1835 women) were selected from the third national survey of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain. Fieldwork was carried out throughout 2007. Depression was assessed using the revised Clinical Interview Schedule and ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria administered by well-trained lay interviewers.ResultsOne-fifth of all working men and women aged 16–64 years felt that their job security was poor. From a multivariate analysis of several job stressors, there was an increased likelihood of depression among those agreeing that their job security was poor [odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.22–2.06, p<0.001]. After controlling for age and sex, job insecurity (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.47–2.35, p<0.001) and being in debt (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.58–2.98, p<0.001) were independently associated with depression.ConclusionsJob insecurity has a strong association with feelings of depression even after controlling for biographic characteristics (age and sex), economic factors (personal debt) and work characteristics (type of work and level of responsibility). Despite the organizational changes needed to cope with a recession, employers should also take note of the additional distress experienced by workers at a time of great uncertainty, particularly those in less skilled jobs and in financial straits.
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Ford, T., F. Macdiarmid, A. E. Russell, D. Racey, and R. Goodman. "The predictors of persistent DSM-IV disorders in 3-year follow-ups of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 1999 and 2004." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 1126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716003214.
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BackgroundThe identification of the factors that influence the persistence of psychiatric disorder may assist practitioners to focus on young people who are particularly prone to poor outcomes, but population-based samples of sufficient size are rare.MethodThis secondary analysis combined data from two large, population-based cross-sectional surveys in Great Britain (1999 and 2004) and their respective follow-ups (2002 and 2007), to study homotypic persistence among the 998 school-age children with psychiatric disorder at baseline. Psychiatric disorder was measured using the Development and Well-Being Assessment applying DSM-IV criteria. Factors relating to the child, family, and the severity and type of psychopathology at baseline were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsApproximately 50% of children with at least one psychiatric disorder were assigned the same diagnostic grouping at 3-year follow-up. Persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety were predicted by poor peer relationship scores. Persistent conduct disorder was predicted by intellectual disability, rented housing, large family size, poor family function and by severer baseline psychopathology scores.ConclusionsHomotypic persistence was predicted by different factors for different groups of psychiatric disorders. Experimental research in clinical samples should explore whether these factors also influence response to interventions.
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Joshi, Priti. "EDWIN CHADWICK'S SELF-FASHIONING: PROFESSIONALISM, MASCULINITY, AND THE VICTORIAN POOR." Victorian Literature and Culture 32, no. 2 (September 2004): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150304000531.
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IN THE PAST DECADE EDWIN CHADWICKhas been the subject of several scholarly inquiries; indeed one can almost speak of a “Chadwick industry” these days. This is not, however, the first time he has attracted significant scholarly attention: in 1952, S. E. Finer's and R. A. Lewis's biographies initiated our century's first evaluation of him, culminating in M. W. Flinn's excellently edited reprint of Chadwick's most important text,The Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain(referred to as theSanitary Report). Yet the Chadwick that emerges in recent accounts could not be more different from the mid-century Chadwick. The post-war critics saw him as a visionary, an often-embattled crusader for public health whose enemies were formidable but whose vision, extending the liberal and radical tradition, ultimately prevailed. Cultural critics, on the other hand, present a Chadwick who misrepresented (if not outright oppressed) the poor and who was instrumental in developing a massive bureaucracy to police their lives. Thus, while earlier accounts highlighted Chadwick's accomplishments, the progress of public health reforms, and the details of legislative politics, more recent ones draw attention to his representations of the poor, the erasures in his text, and the growing nineteenth-century institutionalization of the poor that theSanitary Reportpromotes. Chadwick, in other words, is portrayed as either a pioneer of reform or an avatar of bureaucratic oppression.
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Lloyd, P. E. "Research Policy and Review 28: Fragmenting Markets and the Dynamic Restructuring of Production: Issues for Spatial Policy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 4 (April 1989): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210429.
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In the aftermath of the recession of 1981 – 82, change has been sweeping through corporate enterprise in Great Britain. Long-established companies have been taken to the brink of failure, and have drawn back to reorganize, recapitalize, and restructure. In this paper the broader underpinnings of this process of sharp reconfiguration are speculated upon, and it is hinted that it represents a fundamental ‘phase-shift’ in the process of economic development—by producing new forms and structures, new opportunities and threats, and new strengths and weaknesses. With regard to policy matters, it is suggested that the emergent new order offers a particular challenge in rendering past performance a poor guide to future outcomes, and demands a reconceptualization of the processes by which these policies seek to intervene to achieve regional or local advantage.
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ANTON, Mioara. "In winter with Dracula. Turişti britanici în România socialistă." Studii şi Materiale de Istorie Contemporană 22 (March 25, 2024): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.62616/smic.2023.22.09.
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In the mid-1960s, as the regime in Bucharest re-established economic and political relations with Great Britain, it also invested significantly in the development of tourism. Socialist Romania’s hard currency needs forced the communist leadership to find multiple ways to obtain it: tourism was one of the available solutions. Initially, Romanian offers were successful on the British market. During the 1970s, the number of British tourists in Romania increased considerably. They visited either through travel agencies or as private holidaymakers. Figures, however, began to drop when the advertisements proved contrary to the real conditions in the country. Inadequate accommodation services, poor restaurant menus, limited leisure facilities, regime restrictions on travel to and from the country, in addition to rationing and shortages, pushed British tourists into abandoning their holidays and opting for other destinations.
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Greaves, Peter. "Impact of diet on health and longevity in London 1850–1880." JRSM Open 11, no. 9 (September 2020): 205427042096953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270420969533.
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This study examines the impact of diet on health in different districts of mid-19th century London. Surveys of London diets and living condition were compared with mortality data between 1851 and 1880. Despite an abundance of fresh foods reaching London, the very poor labouring population living in the inner boroughs between 1850 and 1861 had great difficulty obtaining sufficient nourishment because of its cost. This population showed high death rates from infectious diseases, notably pulmonary tuberculosis, which was endemic and is typically associated with poor nutrition. This high death rate was exacerbated by more deaths from gastrointestinal infections associated with a polluted water supply from the river Thames. By contrast, the poor in the outer suburbs enjoyed both more nutritious diets and cleaner water which was associated with lower death rates comparable to those in rural Britain. Outer suburbs retained a relatively rural life-style associated with cleaner water and an abundance of locally grown food. In the following two decades, there was a significant reduction in the death rates from gastrointestinal infections in the inner boroughs which correlated with the major improvements in London’s water supply. The decline in death rates from tuberculosis and other infectious disease was inconsistent and increased in some boroughs, suggesting patchy economic improvement and a persisting limited ability of many of London’s poor to afford a nutritious diet.
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Rasiah, Rasiah, Ansor Putra, Fina Amalia Masri, Arman Arman, and Suci Rahmi Pardilla. "JUST LIKE BLACK, ONLY BETTER: POOR WHITE IN ANTEBELLUM SOUTH OF AMERICA DEPICTED IN SOLOMON NORTHUP’S NOVEL TWELVE YEARS AS A SLAVE." Diksi 29, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v29i1.33081.
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(Title: Just Like Black, Only Better: Poor White in Antebellum South of America Depicted in Solomon Northup’s Novel “Twelve Years as A Slave”). Antebellum era, the period before the Civil War occured, or before the year 1861, in the United States is used to relate to the enslavement of black American. In fact, the era was not merely about black, but also poor white. This study is purposed to describe the poor whites’ life in antebellum America as reflected in Twelve Years As A Slave (1855), a narrative biography novel written by Solomon Northup. Set up the story in New York, Washingotn DC, and New Orleans, the author (and focalizer at once) told the story based on his own experience as a black who was captivated and sold into slavery for twelve years. Although the novel centered its story on black character, it also reflected the life of poor whites who were also being “enslaved” by their white counterparts. Through sociology of literature perspective, this study reveals that the character of poor white that represented through John M. Tibeats, Armsby, and James H. Burch came from Great Britain especially from Ireland. Mostly, they moved to America as incarcerated people. They lived under the poverty and some of them were the vagrants and petty criminals. Poor white during antebellum era in America was positioned in the lower social level. They were “enslaved” by their white master but more better compared to the black slaves. It can be noticed that poor white were positioned in low social level because of the socio-economic problem, while blacks were race and racism. Keywords: antebellum America, poor white, slavery, social class, American literature
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VICTOR, CHRISTINA R., SASHA J. SCAMBLER, ANN BOWLING, and JOHN BOND. "The prevalence of, and risk factors for, loneliness in later life: a survey of older people in Great Britain." Ageing and Society 25, no. 6 (April 22, 2005): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04003332.
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This study examines the prevalence of loneliness amongst older people in Great Britain, and makes comparisons with the findings of studies undertaken during the last five decades. In addition, the risk factors for loneliness are examined using a conceptual model of vulnerability and protective factors derived from a model of depression. Loneliness was measured using a self-rating scale, and measures of socio-demographic status and health/social resources were included. Interviews were undertaken with 999 people aged 65 or more years living in their own homes, and the sample was broadly representative of the population in 2001. Among them the prevalence of ‘severe loneliness’ was seven per cent, indicating little change over five decades. Six independent vulnerability factors for loneliness were identified: marital status, increases in loneliness over the previous decade, increases in time alone over the previous decade; elevated mental morbidity; poor current health; and poorer health in old age than expected. Advanced age and possession of post-basic education were independently protective of loneliness. From this evidence we propose that there are three loneliness pathways in later life: continuation of a long-established attribute, late-onset loneliness, and decreasing loneliness. Confirmation of the different trajectories suggests that policies and interventions should reflect the variability of loneliness in later life, for undifferentiated responses may be neither appropriate nor effective.
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SMYTH, JAMES J. "THOMAS CHALMERS, THE ‘GODLY COMMONWEALTH’, AND CONTEMPORARY WELFARE REFORM IN BRITAIN AND THE USA." Historical Journal 57, no. 3 (August 14, 2014): 845–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000016.
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ABSTRACTCurrent prescriptions for welfare reform and increased reliance on the voluntary sector often base their appeal on the lessons of history, in particular the apparent successes of Victorian philanthropy in combating ‘pauperism’. This article looks at how this message has become influential in the USA and the UK among the ruling parties of right and left through the particular prism of the neo-conservative appreciation of the work of Thomas Chalmers, the early nineteenth-century Scottish churchman and authority on poverty. The attraction of Chalmers, both to the Charity Organization Society then and neo-conservatives today, lies in the practical application of his idea of the ‘godly commonwealth’ in Glasgow and Edinburgh where voluntary effort, organized through the church, replaced the statutory obligations of the poor law. While Chalmers, and his followers, declared his ‘experiments’ to be great successes, modern Scottish historians have revealed these claims to be false and his efforts failures. Only by completely ignoring the evidence presented by this historiography and continuing to rely on Chalmers's own writings and earlier hagiographies can the neo-conservative approbation of Chalmers be sustained. Such wilful neglect raises questions both about their approach to history and their proposed remedies for tackling poverty today.