Relevant bibliographies by topics / Poor country

Academic literature on the topic 'Poor country'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Poor country"

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Yarker, Patrick. "KS3 SATS: alas, poor country..." FORUM 46, no. 2 (2004): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/forum.2004.46.2.3.

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Dasgupta, Biplab. "LABOUR UTILISATION IN POOR COUNTRY AGRICULTURE." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 5, no. 4 (May 22, 2009): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1974.mp5004003.x.

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Clery, D. "Elite Science in a Poor Country." Science 268, no. 5215 (June 2, 1995): 1282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5215.1282.

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Garroway, Christopher, Burcu Hacibedel, Helmut Reisen, and Edouard Turkisch. "The Renminbi and Poor-country Growth." World Economy 35, no. 3 (November 11, 2011): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01408.x.

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Menard, Russell R., and Mary M. Schweitzer. "Policies for a Good Poor Man's Country." Reviews in American History 16, no. 4 (December 1988): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702354.

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Sharma, Sudhir, MV Padma, Amit Bhardwaj, Ashish Sharma, Nishit Sawal, and Suresh Thakur. "Telestroke in resource-poor developing country model." Neurology India 64, no. 5 (2016): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.190243.

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Manganiello, Marc, Christopher D. Hughes, Lars Hagander, David Bayne, Jean Hamiltong Pierre, Jill C. Buckley, and John G. Meara. "Urologic Disease in a Resource-poor Country." World Journal of Surgery 37, no. 2 (October 5, 2012): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-012-1818-3.

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Meguid, Tarek. "Notes on the Rights of a Poor Woman in a Poor Country." Health and Human Rights 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20460092.

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Karnik, Nutan, and Sandip P. Solanki. "How to Make Globalisation Pro-Poor." Journal of Global Economy 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v4i4.109.

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India is adding 40 million people to its middle class every year. Growing at the current rate, a majority of Indians will be belonging to the middle-class by 2025. Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country, the economy growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the national Sample Survey results, people living below poverty line have dramatically come down during the post economic reform era. People living below poverty line (BPL) came down from 36 per cent in 1993-94 (50th Round, NSSO) to 26 per cent in 1999-2000 (55th Round, NSSO). Many economists question this dramatic change in poverty level. However, the intention of this paper is not to join the debate on the level of poverty reduction in the county but to recognize the reduction of poverty in the country during the post-economic reform era and to suggest steps, which can be taken to make globalization pro-poorer.   Classification-JEL: Keywords: ,
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Kraay, Aart. "When is Growth Pro-Poor? Cross-Country Evidence." IMF Working Papers 04, no. 47 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451846676.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poor country"

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Swannack-Nunn, Susan. "Promoting economic development in poor countries : the role of developed country public investment corporations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9811.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science; and, Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 373-387).
by Susan Swannack-Nunn.
Ph.D.
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Gomes, André Ferraz de Campos Amaral. "Obesity and diabetes in Mozambique: the double burden of disease in a resource poor country." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55404.

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Gomes, André Ferraz de Campos Amaral. "Obesity and diabetes in Mozambique: the double burden of disease in a resource poor country." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55404.

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Medastin, Jean Jacques. "Case Study of Access to Higher Education Through Technology in the Resource-Poor Country of Haiti." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2498.

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According to the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (2012-2013), access to higher education is limited in most of the developing countries due to inadequate budgets and lack of schools and teaching staff. The use of educational technology could help bridge the gap, but research has only explored the use of available technologies to enhance learning where higher education is already accessible. The purpose of this case study was to investigate the use of one-to-many videoconferencing as an education access tool for high school seniors seeking higher education in the most devastated areas of Haiti. The theoretical framework for this study is based on Bandura's social learning theory, activity theory, and constructivist epistemology. This study attempts to explore the feasibility of using one-to-many videoconferencing learning to enhance access to education in Haiti. The study also analyzes the experiences of various sets of participants. The data were drawn from 13 interviews involving the school principal, the school's technology expert, 10 students, and one instructor corroborated by hours spent observing the same participants engaged in classroom activities via videoconferencing. The participants were interviewed on their experiences with the new delivery method proposed and utilized in the study. The data from this study suggest that by preserving the features of the familiar classroom model, videoconferencing could be successfully utilized to compensate for the lack of other facilities for higher education. The data was coded and analyzed using the NVivo data analysis software. The study will allow Haitian professionals living outside of the country to affect change in access to higher learning in Haiti.
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Gaeseb, Johannes. "Extent and reasons for substituting and switching Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at the Katutura Intermediate Hospital in Windhoek, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1735_1266883603.

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Månsson, Josefin, and Meilin Hedén. "Are you sick, poor or just having fun? : A study of drug discourses in the world´s largest cocaine producing country, Colombia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88041.

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In this study we explore the present discourses on drugs and drug consumption in Colombia, a country known for its drugs, and foremost its cocaine production. Interviewing and analyzing the statements according to discourse theory made by the professional key actors in the country, the study asserts that three discourses are present in the Colombian context, namely the public health discourse, the deprivation discourse and the pleasure discourse. These discourses, it is demonstrated, view the consumer of psychoactive substances from different perspectives and relate consumption to different causes, consequences and solutions. While the public health discourse is closely connected to viewing the consumer as a sick person, and describes consumption mainly as addiction, the deprivation discourse rather speaks of the consumer as a marginalised person consuming to escape a harsh reality. According to the third perspective, the pleasure discourse, it is focal that the consumption is related to socialising and recreation. In the course of the exploration of this context and its discourses, attention is paid to the fact that the discourses are many times described as being in opposition to one another although the respondents commonly refer to different social classes while describing the consumer and that each discourse this way is related to certain groups in society. This study presents different Colombian perspectives on drug consumption, a so far scarcely researched area in the otherwise so scrutinized drug issue, viewed from a social work perspective.
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Drysdale, Jennifer, and Jennifer Drysdale@anu edu au. "Sustainable development or resource cursed? An exploration of Timor-Leste's institutional choices." The Australian National University. Fenner School of Environment and Society, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080408.145700.

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This thesis explores the institutional choices available to Timor-Leste to manage their natural resource wealth wisely and avoid the resource curse. Timor-Leste is a poor country and its challenge is to use its large per capita resource wealth to alleviate poverty and enable sustainable development. This research examines the Petroleum Fund Law, and other mechanisms to manage petroleum revenue that the Government of Timor-Leste has established. These mechanisms appear to be resilient, but remain untested. Based on field interviews in Timor-Leste, the study offers insights into the opinions of East Timorese and foreign advisers about how Timor-Leste´s petroleum revenue should be managed, and how a poor country can raise the living standards of its people.¶A framework that identifies human and social capital as essential to the quality of institutions is developed in this research, which proposes that the pre-condition of institutions affects the management of natural resource revenue. As a result of history (not its natural resource wealth) Timor-Leste´s productive institutions are weak and destructive institutions, such as corruption, are strong. The preferences of the research participants, identified using semi-structured interviews and multi-criteria decision analysis, revealed that what petroleum revenue is spent on is the most important petroleum revenue management decision. Further, health and education were regarded the highest spending priorities. Petroleum revenue management decisions that may affect Timor-Leste´s economic, social and political independence were also important to participants.¶Timor-Leste´s sustainable development depends on continued assistance in the form of foreign advisers to address its lack of human capital. A commitment to transparency should counteract the lack of trust between government and civil society. Timor-Leste will also need to invest more in people, and recognise that the wise management of its petroleum revenue depends as much on good governance as the mechanisms designed to manage it. The people of Timor-Leste´s fierce determination to overcome the challenges they face, against all odds, may help Timor-Leste to avoid the resource curse.¶
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Morrison, Kathleen B. "The poverty of place : a comparative study of five rural counties in the Missouri Ozarks /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946282.

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Huggins, Michael James. "Agrarian conflict in pre-famine County Roscommon." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367632.

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Volbrecht, Carlene M. "The use of community resources by those in poverty in Eau Claire County during 1994 and 1998." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001volbrechtc.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Poor country"

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Peter, Mvula, Kadzandira John M, and World Bank. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management. Poverty Reduction Group., eds. Consultations with the poor: Country synthesis report, Malawi. Zomba, Malawi: Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, 1999.

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World Food Programme. Executive Board. Country programmes: Agenda item 7. Lusaka]: World Food Programme, 1997.

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Forum, African Child Policy. Child poverty in [name of country]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: African Child Policy Forum, 2009.

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Kraay, Aart. When is growth pro-poor?: Cross-country evidence. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Kraay, Aart. When is growth pro-poor?: Cross-country evidence. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 2004.

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The best poor man's country: Early southeastern Pennsylvania. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

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Unquiet country: Voices of the rural poor, 1820-1880. Bollington [England]: Windgather, 2005.

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Jauch, Josef M. A rich country with poor people: Inequality in Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Labour Resource and Research Institute, 2009.

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Armah, Bartholomew K. The heavily indebted poor country initiative: Processes and issues. Accra: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2001.

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Humphrey, Clare E. Privatization in Bangladesh: Economic transition in a poor country. Dhaka, Bangladesh: University Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Poor country"

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Arens, Werner, and Henning Thies. "Herbert, Xavier: Poor Fellow, My Country." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_8742-1.

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Pettifor, Ann. "Poor Country Debt Crises: Causes and Parallels." In The Coming First World Debt Crisis, 108–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230236752_5.

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Qureshi, Mahvash Saeed. "Trade Liberalization, Environment and Poverty: A Developing Country Perspective." In Globalization and the Poor in Asia, 250–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230594005_10.

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Cox, Aidan, John Healey, Paul Hoebink, and Timo Voipio. "The Approach to Poverty Reduction in the Country Programmes." In European Development Cooperation and the Poor, 57–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333983171_4.

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Parikh, Kirit S. "Food Security for a Large and Poor Country." In Trade, Aid and Development, 120–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23169-0_7.

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Chowdhury, Abdur R. "External Debt, Growth and the HIPC Initiative: Is the Country Choice Too Narrow?" In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 158–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_8.

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Leimgruber, Walter. "Rich Country—‘Poor’ Regions: Fighting Regional Disparities in Switzerland." In Responses to Geographical Marginality and Marginalization, 47–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51342-9_4.

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Rostow, Walt W. "The Rich Country-Poor Country Problem: From the Eighteenth to the Twenty-first Centuries." In International Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 47–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3605-8_4.

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Wallis, Joanne. "Timor-Leste is a Rich Country, But also a Poor One." In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Timor-Leste, 124–35. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623177-9.

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Lin, Carol Yeh-Yun, and Leif Edvinsson. "National Intellectual Capital Development: Trajectory from a Poor to a Fast Growth Country." In National Intellectual Capital, 287–304. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7377-1_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Poor country"

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Frličková, Barbora. "Komparácia pro-poor rastu vo vidieckych a mestských oblastiach Indonézie." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-16.

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The paper analyses construction and use of a selected indicator of pro-poor growth – the rate of pro-poor growth. It further explains the interpretation of this indicator in absolute and relative terms and indicates how economic growth affects poverty and inequality. The selected indicator is applied to the example of Indonesia and compares pro-poor growth in urban and rural areas of the country, examines regional disparities in terms of pro-poor growth for the period 1996–2019. From the absolute interpretation, pro-poor growth is observed in both urban and rural areas over the whole period. In relative terms, results of pro-poor growth for the first partial period (1996–2000) differ. While there was a relative pro-poor growth in the rural areas, there was a strong pro-poor growth in the cities with a significant decline in inequality observed (incomes of poor people increased while the average income of the whole population dropped). Indonesia achieved trickle-down growth in both rural and urban areas in two remaining periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2019).
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Madabhavi, Irappa, Malay Sarkar, Pham Nguyen Quy, and Apurva Patel. "Abstract P101: Combined metronomic chemo-immunotherapy in head and neck cancers: An experience from the developing and resource poor country." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; October 7-10, 2021. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-p101.

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Sijuola, Rasaq. "Inclusive Education for People Living with Disabilities in Nigeria." In 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.018.

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Achieving inclusive education is one of the lofty goals set by the United Nations which was, then, passed down to individual nations around the globe. It is believed that inclusive education has great benefits for individuals and society at large. However, its level in developing nations, Nigeria inclusive, is still very low. The aim of this paper was to assess how inclusive education for people living with disabilities can be achieved in Nigeria. To achieve this aim, a theoretical research method was employed. The methods enabled a systematic literature review to be done in this study. To this end, several published studies were reviewed and explored to draw out significant lessons for inclusive education and identify possible actionable steps the government could take on inclusive education. The study results revealed that the level of inclusive education was still very low and far from the expectations of its advocates. While the Nigerian government supported the idea of inclusive education and enshrined the rights of people living with disabilities in the 1999 constitution, sufficient actionable steps are yet to be taken to achieve inclusive education. Similarly, inclusive education faced severe challenges in the country in the form of low levels of infrastructure and teaching materials and resources. The living conditions of people living with disabilities were poor because cultural beliefs and myths about them enable people to treat them poorly and shabbily. These findings are significant to inclusive education advocates and policymakers in the country because they help them to understand the poor level of inclusive education in the country, and poor governmental efforts towards inclusive education; re-evaluate their existing approaches, and design better approaches for the course of inclusive education.
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Özdemir, Dilek, Ömer Selçuk Emsen, Ayşen Hiç Gencer, and Cemil Hakan Kılıç. "The Relationship between Economic Growth and Income Distribution: The Case of Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00291.

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In the literature on economic growth, Kuznets curve shows the relationship between growth and income distribution. According to the Kuznets curve, as per capita income rises, income distribution would first become more unequal, and then less unequal. This means that, in a less developed country poverty is shared; in a developing country the difference between the rich and the poor becomes wider; and in a developed country richness is shared. In economies in transition, from socialism to market economy, however, income distribution should be less unequal because of the socialist system. But during the transition, there occurred recessions that led to falls in income. Therefore, during the transition process, as income decreased, income distribution became more unequal. In this study, the relationship between per capita income and income distribution on the transition economies are investigated by means of panel data analysis. The results obtained are then compared with the Kuznets curve.
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Thomas, Omar, Georgeann Henry, Kordel Bishop, Kymani Francis, and Ajene Binns. "ALTERNATIVE FOUNDATION DESIGN FOR TEMPORARY HOUSING UNITS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/zskl3861.

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The Food for the Poor provides hundreds of thousands of temporary housing in the Americas and the Caribbean for persons in need of a shelter. These temporary houses provide a space in which many persons can live. Although these spaces are meant to be temporary, in many cases due to the lack of financial wherewithal, these temporary houses serve as a medium to long-term housing for those who receive them. The topographical and geotechnical environment in which these houses are built not only vary across the Americas and the Caribbean but varies within a single country. This study analyses the current foundation designs used by Food for the Poor in the country of Jamaica, taking into consideration Jamaica’s unique hilly terrain and geotechnical environment. The study makes recommendations for the use of alternative foundation designs that are still economical for construction and are better when considering the life cycle cost of these structures. The use of bamboo as a reinforcement in concrete for the foundation design is also analysed and compared against the traditional reinforced concrete and mass concrete designs. The results demonstrate that when bamboo is used as a reinforcement with concrete it has an increased flexural strength, but still do not exceed the flexural strength of traditional reinforced concrete, that utilizes steel reinforcement.
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Snidvongs, Suravut. "The Structure and Foundation Design for Small Solar Thermal Dish Stirling 10 kW Power Plant for Thailand Softland and Poor Isolation Nature." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76017.

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Due to the moist and humid climate weather in Thailand, it is longer than six months of rainy season each year. Thailand is thus one of the many other countries in the world that has medium insolation, the average per year at 500 W/m2. Furthermore, the whole country sit on a very soft-land flat plateau. Since the Siam Solar Dish prototype was setup and tested at Naraesuan University in Pitsanulok Province and at AREF in Bangkok, Thailand, it became apparent that the design of her support structure together with her concrete foundation also represents a complicate part of these research activities. In Thailand, a parabolic dish structure is under development for various applications in between the 300–600 °C temperature range in solar fields up to several kilowatts range. The detail in this paper is one part of the solar thermal dish Stirling for a 10 kW power plant with lead acid battery storage in Thailand, namely the “Siam Solar Dish I” research project. This paper is the only one part of the main of this research project about Siam Solar Dish System effort in Thailand. That will explain the dish structure’s design structure and its foundation, which is suitable for Thailand’s soft land environmental nature. Parabolic dish systems normally feature different structural types in terms of their performance and durability. In order to implement a successful parabolic dish system, it thus became obvious by this nature that the design of each dish structure is quite important and vital to conduct a particular design calculation to match and suit with its individual installation location. This particular part of the research project activities is to design the requirement lightweight support structure, along with the parabolic dish structural design work, and the concrete foundation suitable to the soft land country like Thailand. The design effort continue to consider additional relevance topics, like the economized cost, the structural durability, and easy to control, together with the low maintenance cost to trade off with the required light weight structure.
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Sandhu, Jaspal S., Aman Bhandari, Mahad Ibrahim, and P. Balakrishnan. "Appropriate Design of Medical Technologies for Emerging Regions: The Case of Aurolab." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81291.

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Healthcare delivery in emerging regions presents a unique set of challenges and is characterized largely by poor infrastructure. Though there is significant variation from country to country - and even within countries - in emerging regions, common themes emerge, such as overreliance on direct payment schemes, unreliable supply chains, and intermittent power in rural settings. These themes in turn impose particular design requirements on manufacturers of medical devices and pharmaceuticals; this paper focuses on these design requirements. We illustrate the importance of designing specifically for the developing context, using the example of Aurolab, a non-profit medical manufacturer located in Tamil Nadu, India. Started in 1992, Aurolab began operations with the manufacture of intraocular lenses (IOL), implantable polymer lenses for cataract surgery, becoming the first to produce this technology in India. Today Aurolab produces a variety of medical devices and ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, and deliver their products to 120 countries worldwide. Aurolab’s products illustrate many of the key design requirements for healthcare delivery in India and in other emerging contexts.
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Dzhailov, Dzhumabek, Farkhad Sariev, and Elmira Kupsuralieva. "Improvement of Financial and Credit Regulation Mechanisms in Agroindustrial Complex Development." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00379.

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Agroindustrial complex is a strategically important sector of the national economy. However, its unsustainable development within recent years strongly reduced its share in GDP of the country and aggravated the problems of food security. The factors of the sector situation aggravation are low investment attractiveness, poor development of financial and credit sphere. It is necessary to increase considerably not only volumes of assigned financial and credit resources but also to change significantly their assignment (financial support of priority sectors of agro industrial complex, subsidy assistance of farmers’ expenses and percents on credits etc.)
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Sarı Gerşil, Gülşen, and Hülya Yeşilyurt. "Poverty in the Process of Globalization: Its Perspective in Turkey and in the World." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01130.

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A country's wealth and poverty are opposite to each other, but they are two inseparable important elements. The more the subject how to increase the welfare of the country is important, the more the distribution of this welfare among country members, especially. Although the observed increase in global prosperity with 21st century in especial that adopted neo-liberal policies in all over the world has caused to further deepening of the phenomenon of poverty. This case has given rise that concept of the "Poverty" has been discussed intensively workers in manufacturing is important. So, issues of fair distribution of income and prevention of poverty should be handled as interdisciplinary, mainly including social policy. That socio-economic and political structure of societies are different has been complicated to have a common definition on the concept of poverty. The World Bank, based on the absolute poverty approach, has made a research to determine the poverty line in the world (by getting base the ones who reap a profit below $ 1) and has determined that the poor class has remained in “minority” compared to world population. As it appears; more than half of the world population is below of the poverty line in reality. While seen daily increases in the welfare of the world countries, given the impression that poverty decreases does not reflect the reality. In this study, why poverty cannot be prevented besides causes of increase will be examined; this dangerous situation rapidly increasing in Turkey and in the world will be analyzed.
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Ivanova, Anna, and Svetlana Popova. "EFFICIENCY OF STATE SUPPORT MEASURES OF POPULATION INCOME DURING THE PERIOD OF CONSTRAINTS: A COUNTRY APPROACH." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_82-89.

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This article is devoted to the research of the COVID-19 pandemic affected the economy of the Russian Federation and other countries of the world and its consequences on society. Today, the social policy of the Russian Federation and the whole world is experiencing great stress. The crisis, which arose due to the imposed restrictive measures to ensure the isolation regime in order to prevent the spread of COVID-2019 by foreign governments, revealed previously existing gaps in the provisions of social protection. The ways of formation and improvement of state support of incomes of the population during a crisis situation all over the world are considered. In the conditions of the crisis, the load on the social system has increased many times over, due to the increase in the number of poor citizens. Funding has been introduced for various measures, methods and ways to improve livelihoods and prevent the closure of Micro-Enterprises, SMEs of all types, self-employed and workers, in order to prevent unemployment caused by the global situation. The analysis of the gross domestic product and the effectiveness of the implemented additional measures of state support of the population’s income has been carried out. For example, the leading countries of the world were considered, such as: Russia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, USA.
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Reports on the topic "Poor country"

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Structural change in a poor African country: New historical evidence from Ghana. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292147_ch4.

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Agrawal, Ajay, Devesh Kapur, and John McHale. Brain Drain or Brain Bank? The Impact of Skilled Emigration on Poor-Country Innovation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14592.

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Diop, Ahmed. Country Diagnostic Study – Senegal. Islamic Development Bank Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21003.

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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for Senegal uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy. After decades of subdued and highly volatile economic growth due to heavy dependence on primary commodities and low productivity, Senegal experienced an unprecedented growth acceleration from 2014 to 2019. However, there appeared to be a weak correlation between economic growth and jobs creation. In addition, about 90 percent of non-agricultural employment is estimated to be informal. The national poverty rate decreased by 5 percentage points between 2011 and 2018. Nonetheless, the absolute number of poor people has increased. Furthermore, regional disparities are persistent. Despite the country’s solid performance in the field of governance, further simplification and transparency of business procedures and regulations will be critical in addressing the challenge of informality. Efforts to address informality in the economy should also target the issue of access to finance through the design of financing mechanisms based on specific needs assessment and risk management tools. Senegal will also need to create the conditions for higher competitiveness and follow upgrading trajectories in global and regional value chains. In this respect, both physical and digital connectivity will be essential.
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Oduncu, Arif. Country Diagnostic Study – The Kyrgyz Republic. Islamic Development Bank Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21001.

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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for the Kyrgyz Republic uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy (MCPS). During the last two decades, the Kyrgyz Republic has recorded low performance in economic development. The country recorded only 3.0 percent of average annual Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)-adjusted Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth from 2000 to 2019. The Kyrgyz Republic is facing several economic and social problems that are challenging its economic development model. This CDS report shows that the most binding constraints to inclusive and sustainable growth include i) low human capital, ii) poor infrastructure, iii) government and market failures, and iv) high cost of capital. The Kyrgyz development model’s performance is a subject of concern not only for the government and other local stakeholders but also for the technical and financial partners of the Kyrgyz Republic, including the Islamic Development Bank. The MCPS aims to contribute to the global efforts made by the Kyrgyz Republic to meet its economic and social needs through leveraging opportunities offered by the new business model of the Bank. Given the Kyrgyz Republic’s positives, the Bank can consider financing transport, energy and ICT infrastructure projects and supporting manufacturing and agricultural sectors to assist economic growth.
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Bahar, Dany, Ana María Ibáñez, and Sandra Rozo. Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002893.

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Between 2014 and 2020 over 1.8 million refugees fled from Venezuela to Colombia as a result of a humanitarian crisis, many of them without a regular migratory status. We study the short- to medium-term labor market impacts in Colombia of the Permiso Temporal de Permanencia program, the largest migratory amnesty program offered to undocumented migrants in a developing country in modern history. The program granted regular migratory status and work permits to nearly half a million undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia in August 2018. To identify the effects of the program, we match confidential administrative data on the location of undocumented migrants with department-monthly data from household surveys and compare labor outcomes in departments that were granted different average time windows to register for the amnesty online, before and after the program roll-out. We are only able to distinguish negative albeit negligible effects of the program on the formal employment of Colombian workers. These effects are predominantly concentrated in highly educated and in female workers.
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Chhoeung, Norinmony, Sesokunthideth Chrea, and Nghia Nguyen. Cambodia’s Cash Transfer Program during COVID-19. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/rrmz8095.

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In 2019, Cambodia had been enjoying its steady economic growth until the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the country from February 2020 in the form of severe infectious diseases, causing both economic and social problems for people from all walks of life, especially poor and vulnerable families. The IDPoor Equity Card, a poverty identification and registration system, was introduced in Cambodia to provide cash to poor pregnant women and children since 2016. Given its continued success, Cambodian Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen announced the implementation of the Cash Transfer Program (CTP) using the IDPoor Card system. The CTP provided cash to poor and vulnerable households across the country affected by the pandemic. Executing the first large-scale cash transfer program in history presented significant challenges for the Government of Cambodia. In addition to implementing the program, which had to adhere to the three principles of equity–equality–efficiency, the government had other challenges to overcome, such as the limited number of tablets and facilities to accommodate the many people waiting in line to withdraw cash. Under the guidance of the central government, particularly the Economic and Finance Policy Committee, a technical working group was established to lead the implementation process; coordination among local governments, local councils, agencies, and the poor and needy; review of the IDPoor database; establishment of the digital payment system; and training of local government staff. This enabled the CTP to effectively distribute cash to poor and vulnerable households during the pandemic.
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Ashby-Mitchell, Kimberly, Kayon Donaldson-Davis, Julian McKoy-Davis, Douladel Willie-Tyndale, and Denise Eldemire-Shearer. Open configuration options Aging and Long-Term Care in Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004221.

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Recent estimates show that almost 15% of the Jamaican population is 60 years old or more. About 7% of this population need help with at least one activity of daily living. The demand for long-term care services is expected to rise as the countrys population grows older. In a context in which family sizes are shrinking and older adults are experiencing poor health and critical socioeconomic vulnerability, the means to meet care needs privatelyeither by relying on unpaid care, provided by their families or close networks, or by purchasing services in the marketare scarce. The regulation and provision of long-term care services in the country is highly fragmented and focuses mostly on those that are economically and socially vulnerable, as part of poverty-relief programs. Residential care is the main long-term care service available in Jamaica. Public institutions target the poor, while the private sector also offers various levels of institutional care, from residential to nursing care. The nongovernmental sector is also heavily involved in the provision of residential care in Jamaica, especially through churches. All things considered, women in the family are still the main providers of care. The main conclusion of the report is that long-term care in Jamaica is still an unmet need that requires the development of comprehensive policies and programs.
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Abuya, Timothy, and Wangari Ng'ang'a. Report: Getting it Right! Improving Kenya’s Human Capital by Reducing Stunting—A Household Account. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1064.

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In the last two decades, Kenya has attained middle-income status and established a diverse and private-sector-driven economy. On several socIo-economic indicators, such as education, gender equality, and democracy, Kenya scores much higher than its peers. More than two-thirds of Kenyans are under 35 years of age, thus the country’s development hinges on the quality of its youth—their levels of education and skills, their values and attitudes, and the quality of their health and productivity. While Kenya’s investments in the development of its human capital positions the country well to sustain accelerated growth, the trajectory is threatened by high rates of malnutrition, which contributes to the country’s disease burden and has a large effect on socio-economic development. About 26 percent of children in Kenya are stunted, and evidence indicates that poor nutrition in early life can create consequences for learning and future productivity. Women who were stunted as children are likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies, which is associated with higher levels of morbidity and mortality. This report analyzes the status of stunting in Kenya from a household perspective and points to pathways for addressing it.
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Chiavassa, Nathalie, and Raphael Dewez. Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003250.

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The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.
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Gopinath, Ranjani, Rajesh Bhatia, Sonalini Khetrapal, Sungsup Ra, and Giridhara R. Babu. Tuberculosis Control Measures in Urban India: Strengthening Delivery of Comprehensive Primary Health Services. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200409-2.

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Approximately 2.69 million tuberculosis (TB) cases—about a quarter of the global cases—were reported in India on The Global TB Report 2019. There are nearly half a million “missing” cases every year, either undiagnosed, unaccountable, or inadequately diagnosed and treated. This paper analyzes the magnitude of TB transmission and the quality of interventions in urban areas and migrant populations in India. It identifies key factors and areas that need to be further strengthened for the country to achieve its goal of eliminating TB by 2025. The study is aligned with the government’s objective to strengthen the provision of comprehensive primary health care services for the urban poor as part of India’s National Strategic Plan, 2017–2025.
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