Academic literature on the topic 'Poor – Care – Italy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Poor – Care – Italy"
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Pałucka1, Klaudia, Celina Łepecka-Klusek, and Anna B. Pilewska-Kozak. "A midwife in Italy." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 14, no. 52 (September 30, 2015): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12923/p21w-2015-3/37.
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Introduction. Midwifery is one of the world’s oldest professions. Midwives are found in every corner of the world but the scope of their professional expertise may differ in various countries. Although there are numerous documents listing the midwife’s essential competencies, these professionals have to cope with various problems trying to upgrade their skills. A great example of that struggle could be found in Italy. This is one of the countries where midwives keep on fighting for autonomy. Theoretically, an Italian midwife is an independent health care employee, holding a university diploma and a license. In practice, most midwifes work only in hospitals. Italy is a country with the highest rate of caesarean sections in the European Union. In 2013, the rate was 36.3%. The obstetric care is dominated by gynecologists, whilst only some 3% of pregnancies is handled by midwives. This is due to the poor organization of medical care. After all, the role of a midwife is important in making the childbirth more humanized. There are some actual similarities between the professional situation of a nurse in Italy and Poland. They face similar problems when it comes to the implementation of their activities. Aim. The aim of the study was to discuss the position of midwives in Italy, with special attention paid to the legal standards, the education system and the professional independence.
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Cascella, Marco, Alessandro Vittori, Emiliano Petrucci, Franco Marinangeli, Antonino Giarratano, Cristina Cacciagrano, Emiliano Simone Tizi, Luca Miceli, Silvia Natoli, and Arturo Cuomo. "Strengths and Weaknesses of Cancer Pain Management in Italy: Findings from a Nationwide SIAARTI Survey." Healthcare 10, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030441.
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Objectives: Despite guidelines, a large percentage of cancer patients continue to suffer from ineffectively treated pain. The authors undertook this survey to assess the strengths and weaknesses of cancer pain management in Italy. Design: This was a prospectively administered survey. Participants: The participants were anesthesiologists of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI). Intervention: A 58-item questionnaire covered the demographics and features of cancer pain management in the Italian context. Results: The authors received responses from 611 pain therapists of 279 centers. Only 22% of physicians are exclusively pain therapists. Seventy-five percent are specialists in anesthesiology, intensive care, and pain medicine. Most pain centers are hospital or university facilities (78%). The strengths of cancer pain management in Italy are the careful opioid prescriptions, the use of strategies for the treatment of neuropathic pain, patient/healthcare provider partnerships, and breakthrough cancer pain management. Weaknesses to be addressed include poor adherence to guidelines, inadequate attention toward the patient’s quality of life, insufficient use of minimally invasive techniques, lack of teamwork approaches, inappropriate timing of pain specialist engagement, and poor telemedicine use. Conclusions: Despite several strengths, further efforts are needed to improve the care of patients suffering from cancer pain in Italy.
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Marinangeli, Franco, Annalisa Saetta, and Antonio Lugini. "Current management of cancer pain in Italy: Expert opinion paper." Open Medicine 17, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2021-0393.
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Abstract Introduction Chronic pain and breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) have a high prevalence in all cancer types and cancer stages, combined with a significant physical, psychological, and economic burden. Despite efforts to improve appropriate management of cancer pain, a poor assessment and guilty undertreatment are still reported in many countries. The purpose of this expert opinion paper is to contribute to reduce and clarify these issues with a multidisciplinary perspective in order to share virtuous paths of care. Methods Common questions about cancer pain assessment and treatment were submitted to a multidisciplinary pool of Italian clinicians and the results were subsequently discussed and compared with the findings of the published literature. Conclusion Despite a dedicated law in Italy and effective treatments available, a low percentage of specialists assess pain and BTcP, defining the intensity with validated tools. Moreover, in accordance with the findings of the literature in many countries, the undertreatment of cancer pain is still prevalent. A multidisciplinary approach, more training programs for clinicians, personalised therapy drug formulations, and virtuous care pathways will be essential to improve cancer pain management.
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Eandi, Mario. "Pharmacoeconomic aspects of poor adherence to treatment in multiple sclerosis management." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v12i3.127.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, which affects the central nervous system and is the leading cause of chronic disability in young adults. Especially in the most common form characterized by relapses and remissions (RRMS), MS is a major burden on the NHS and society at a cost of illness per year for Italy estimated at 1.5 billion euros. The DMT (Disease-Modifying Therapies) when used continuously since the diagnosis of the disease have proved effective in reducing the risk of relapses, slowing the progression of the disease, reducing the consumption of health resources, especially hospitalizations, with a significant savings on healthcare costs. High rates of adherence have been associated with DMT not only to improved clinical performance, but also to a significant reduction in costs associated with the consumption of health resources. Because some recent studies have shown that the use of IFNβ-1a IM leads to better adherence to therapy and a significant savings in hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and also on the access to the PS, it is desirable that in Italy the use of IFNβ-1a IM will become ever greater. In this way, we can assume that we can achieve a significant saving in direct health care costs that affect the NHS, as has been observed in some foreign studies in which adherence to treatment was associated with a reduction in the average annual cost per patient between 33 and 65%.
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Bevan, Gwyn, Alice Evans, and Sabina Nuti. "Reputations count: why benchmarking performance is improving health care across the world." Health Economics, Policy and Law 14, no. 2 (March 16, 2018): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133117000561.
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AbstractThis paper explores what motivates improved health care performance. Previously, many have thought that performance would either improve via choice and competition or by relying on trust and altruism. But neither assumption is supported by available evidence. So instead we explore a third approach of reciprocal altruism with sanctions for unacceptably poor performance and rewards for high performance. These rewards and sanctions, however, are not monetary, but in the form of reputational effects through public reporting of benchmarking of performance. Drawing on natural experiments in Italy and the United Kingdom, we illustrate how public benchmarking can improve poor performance at the national level through ‘naming and shaming’ and enhance good performance at the sub-national level through ‘competitive benchmarking’ and peer learning. Ethnographic research in Zambia also showed how reputations count. Policy-makers could use these effects in different ways to improve public services.
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MAFFI, LUCIANO, and MARCO ROCHINI. "Poor relief systems in rural Italy: the territory of the diocese of Tortona in the eighteenth century." Continuity and Change 31, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416016000242.
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AbstractThis article studies the development of poor relief in the rural areas of the diocese of Tortona in the eighteenth century, through the analysis of the parish reports written for the pastoral visits of bishops Giulio Resta and Giuseppe Lodovico Andujar in 1741 and 1743. The reports record the most important assistance activities organised by different social actors: dowries for poor girls; bread, money and clothing to distribute to the poor; but also formal support in the form of hospitals providing shelter and care for pilgrims and the sick; the monti di pietà, which loaned money and the grain stores, which provided essential loans of grain. The diocese of Tortona in the eighteenth century represents a privileged point of view for understanding how the development of poor relief in the ancien régime was influenced by the political and institutional, geographical, landowning and socio-ecomomic context. Here, a complex institutional situation, combined with a diverse geographical and socio-economic context, gave rise to a variety of poor relief systems.
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Palumbo, Rocco, Carmela Annarumma, Paola Adinolfi, and Marco Musella. "The missing link to patient engagement in Italy." Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, no. 8 (November 21, 2016): 1183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-01-2016-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changing patterns of users’ behavior in the health care service system. Although patient engagement and health services’ co-production are understood as essential ingredients in the recipe for sustainable health systems, some determinants to patient involvement are still widely neglected by both policy makers and health care professionals. Among others, inadequate health literacy performs as a significant barrier to patient empowerment. Design/methodology/approach A survey aimed at objectively measuring health literacy-related skills was administered to a random sample of 600 Italian patients. The Italian version of the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) was used to assess the ability of the respondents to deal with written health information. Moreover, the respondents were asked to self-report their ability to navigate the health system. It was presumed that inadequate health literacy as measured by the NVS is related with impaired self-reported functional, interactive, and critical health-related competencies, paving the way for the inability and the unwillingness of patients to be involved in the health care provision. Findings About half of the sample showed inadequate health literacy. However, poor NVS scores were only slightly associated with limited self-reported functional, interactive, and critical health-related competencies. In general, patients with inadequate health-related skills were not likely to be engaged in the provision of health services. Elderly, people suffering from financial deprivation and less educated individuals were found to be at special risk of living with limited health literacy. Practical implications Limited health literacy is a common and relevant issue among people dealing with the health care service system. The impaired ability to collect, process, and use health information produces barriers to patient engagement and prevents the evolution of patients’ behavior toward health care co-production. Originality/value Health literacy is a widely overlooked issue in the Italian national health system. This paper contributes in shedding light on the determinants and effects of health literacy of Italian hospital patients. Besides, some insights on the validity of the methodological tools typically used to assess health-related skills are provided.
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Ielapi, Nicola, Davide Costa, Antonio Peluso, Carmelo Nobile, Veronica Venditti, Egidio Bevacqua, Michele Andreucci, Umberto Marcello Bracale, and Raffaele Serra. "Wound Care Self-Efficacy Assessment of Italian Registered Nurses and Wound Care Education in Italian Nursing Education System: A Cross-Sectional Study." Nursing Reports 12, no. 3 (September 18, 2022): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12030067.
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Wounds are a major public health challenge for nurses, and poor wound care has important implications for patients and health care systems. The aim of this study is to assess the Italian registered nurses’ (RNs) perception in the area of wound care, regarding their knowledge, tasks of care delivery, wound management, values, and attitudes, exploring also the previous specific education received during nursing education. An observational online web-based survey was used to assess learning goals and content for wound care education in undergraduate nursing education and the skills and level of self-efficacy in this area during clinical practice. The data were collected between April and May 2022. A total of 210 RNs were interviewed and divided into five national geographic areas. Northwestern RNs showed a better education about the wound care area during university courses: the rate of RNs that did not receive any training in the wound care area was lower than in other Italian geographical areas. Southern RNs presented a better knowledge about factors that expose the wound to becoming chronic, wound drains care, and the ability to assess diabetic foot. This study showed that, in Italy, education in wound care among nursing students is relatively poor, and many skills are achieved during an RN’s career in an empirical way.
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Zampino, Rosa, Nicolina Capoluongo, Adriana Boemio, Margherita Macera, Martina Vitrone, Luigi Elio Adinolfi, Pietro Filippini, et al. "Effect of a Cooperation Strategy between Primary Care Physicians and Hospital Liver Units on HBV Care in Campania, Italy." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5670374.
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Aims. This study is aimed at assessing the efficacy of an active search and treat strategy for HBV-infected subjects in an endemic area (Campania, Italy). To do this, we created a cooperation bundle between 24 General Practitioners (GPs) and 3 Hospital Liver Units (HLU). We assessed whether this strategy improved the detection of HBV infection in patients at risk and the overall quality of care, with the aim of reducing liver disease progression. Methods. We estimated that, among about 20,000 patients cared for by the 24 GPs, approximately 280 patients unaware of or underestimating HBV infection would be found. Identified patients were to be referred to the HLU for clinical evaluation and treatment from February 2016 for 12 months. Results. Unexpectedly, screening and enrolment were poor (48 patients only). GP workloads, patient financial difficulties, and patients' refusal were the major causes of enrolment failure according to GPs. All patients referred to HLU completed the program; most of them were HBV inactive carriers. Conclusions. This program failed to scavenge chronic HBV-infected patients in an endemic area and establish a successful clinical collaboration between GPs and HLU. Underlying reasons are diverse and call for new strategies to implement cooperation between primary care providers and hospital specialists.
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Ledda, Caterina, Flavia Carrasi, Maria Teresa Longombardo, Gianluca Paravizzini, and Venerando Rapisarda. "SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Post-First Wave among Primary Care Physicians in Catania (Italy)." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010021.
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Family physicians or pediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) work in non-hospital settings. GPs usually visit many patients, frequently at their homes, with low potential, if any, to control the work setting. Particularly during the initial phases of the COVID-19 outbreak, they were not informed about the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, with inadequate information regarding the risk, a lack of suitable protective measures and, in some cases, deficient or poor accessibility to personal protective equipment (PPE). During the first wave of COVID-19, primary care physicians were on the front line and isolated the first cases of the disease. The present study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 133 GPs working in Catania (Italy) after the first wave of COVID-19. Serological analysis revealed a low seroprevalence (3%) among GPs. The low seroprevalence highlighted in the results can be attributed to correct management of patients by GPs in the first wave. It is now hoped that mass vaccination, combined with appropriate behavior and use of PPE, can help further reduce the risk of COVID-19 disease.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poor – Care – Italy"
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GUINEA, MARTIN Daniel. "Morals and gifts : varieties of care provision to the poor in an Italian city (1999-2001)." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5137.
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Defence date: 16 December 2005Examining board: Prof. Gianfranco Poggi, University of Trent and former EUI, Supervisor ; Prof. Peter Wagner, EUI, Co-supervisor ; Prof. Miriam Glucksmann, University of Essex ; Prof. Luisa Leonini, University of Milan
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Books on the topic "Poor – Care – Italy"
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Bergoglio, Giovanna. L' opera assistenziale e sociale di San Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo. Bra: Cassa di risparmio di Bra, 1986.
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La chiesa e l'ospedale di San Lazzaro dei Mendicanti: Arte, beneficenza, cura, devozione, educazione. Venezia: Marcianum Press, 2015.
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1951-, Acidini Luchinat Cristina, and Francolini Stefano 1951-, eds. Lo spedale di messer Bonifazio. [Firenze]: Le Monnier, 1989.
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Office, General Accounting. Early childhood programs: Promoting the development of young children in Denmark, France, and Italy : briefing report to the Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Children and Families, Committee on Labor and Human Resources, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.
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Guarnieri, Patrizia. Intellectuals Displaced from Fascist Italy. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0032-5.
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Intellectuals Displaced from Fascist Italy is a bilingual (IT/ EN), free access and in progress website that draws attention to the migration of intellectuals during Fascism. Italy is usually considered a land of poor and uneducated migrants. But during the twenty years of Fascism, especially after the anti-Jewish laws but even before, professionals, students and scholars, including foreigners, expatriated alone or with families for political and racial reasons to the Americas, England, Mandatory Palestine, Switzerland. It is a limited but important phenomenon of brain drain, which in the case of Italy has yet to be investigated. Who were the people who decided to leave in search of freedom, work, and then salvation, and what did they do? Their names and stories were cancelled. This work attempts to reconstruct their lives thanks to foreign archives, letters, scattered memories and hundreds of photos. What difficulties did they face in their host countries? How many of them returned? The stories speak of devastating losses to the detriment of the country, of responsibilities and injustices, but also of resources and talents of Italian culture, of commitment and determination. This 2nd edition contains some new features, improves consultation with research functions and, as regards content, it enhances family mobility from a generational and gender perspective. The project was promoted by the University of Florence and has been supported by the Regione Toscana and by various institutes, with the sponsorship of the New York Public Library; Council for At-Risk Academics, London; J. Calandra Italian American Institute, CUNY; The Central Archives for the History of Jewish People, Jerusalem, UCEI and others.
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Belmonte, Thomas. The broken fountain. 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
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The broken fountain: Twenty-fifth anniversary edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
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Belmonte, Thomas. Theb roken fountain. 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
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Guarnieri, Patrizia. Intellettuali in fuga dall’Italia fascista. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-648-3.
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Intellectuals Displaced from Fascist Italy is a bilingual (IT/ EN), free access and in progress website that draws attention to the migration of intellectuals during Fascism. Italy is usually considered a land of poor and uneducated migrants. But during the twenty years of Fascism, especially after the anti-Jewish laws but even before, professionals, students and scholars, including foreigners, expatriated alone or with families for political and racial reasons to the Americas, England, Mandatory Palestine, Switzerland. It is a limited but important phenomenon of brain drain, which in the case of Italy has yet to be investigated. Who were the people who decided to leave in search of freedom, work, and then salvation, and what did they do? Their names and stories were cancelled. This work attempts to reconstruct their lives thanks to foreign archives, letters, scattered memories and hundreds of photos. What difficulties did they face in their host countries? How many of them returned? The stories speak of devastating losses to the detriment of the country, of responsibilities and injustices, but also of resources and talents of Italian culture, of commitment and determination. This 2nd edition contains some new features, improves consultation with research functions and, as regards content, it enhances family mobility from a generational and gender perspective. The project was promoted by the University of Florence and has been supported by the Regione Toscana and by various institutes, with the sponsorship of the New York Public Library; Council for At-Risk Academics, London; J. Calandra Italian American Institute, CUNY; The Central Archives for the History of Jewish People, Jerusalem, UCEI and others.
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Marcetti, Corrado, Giancarlo Paba, Anna Lisa Pecoriello, and Nicola Solimano, eds. Housing Frontline. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-082-2.
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Over recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the various possible forms of poverty and housing vulnerability: from the total lack of shelter of the homeless to the risk of losing their home that now threatens numerous families in medium-low income brackets. At the same time, the traditional linear and standardised housing policies appear no longer adequate to address these phenomena. This book contains the results of a study entrusted by the Tuscan Regional Authority to a working group from the University of Florence and the Fondazione Giovanni Michelucci. The research explores the field of practices for self-production of housing in Italy and the world, through a critical selection of significant experiences, revealing the architectural and social creativity exploited in a large variety of collective actions. The book also contains a reconstruction of housing problems in Tuscany and an overview of alternative approaches to housing policy. The last section is devoted to the research-action on the occupation of the Luzzi, the abandoned sanatorium on the border between Florence and Sesto Fiorentino, a case that illustrates the most significant contradictions and dilemmas gravitating around the housing issue for the new poor: the problem of homeless immigrants; the difficulty of the authorities in managing problems of extreme housing poverty; the role of the associations and organisations of social mediation, and the inherent complexity of achieving a participatory approach to social and town planning research.
Book chapters on the topic "Poor – Care – Italy"
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Biggi, Laura. "I santuari gesuati." In Le vestigia dei gesuati, 283–95. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-228-7.20.
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The historical studies on shrines paid little attention to Yesuati’s shrines and this paper starts analyzing the causes of this phenomenon. The essay presents four shrines managed by the povari di Cristo, highlighting both the similarities and the differences in their management of the shrines of central Italy, between XVth and XVIth centuries. From the comparison between these case studies emerges a substantially positive experience of the Yesuati inside Marian shrines – despite the obstacle represented by their impossibility to exercise the function of priests –, both for practical reasons (give assistance to the poor people ) and for spiritual reasons (the povari’s ecclesiology and mariology).
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Brasher, Sally Mayall. "Reform and consolidation." In Hospitals and Charity. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119285.003.0007.
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Chapter six traces the reform efforts of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which eventually led to the consolidation of small independent hospitals into large civic institutions that became increasingly medicalized. Health boards created after the Black Death led to secularization of health care and poor relief. These social service institutions evolved over the early decades of the century and were a gradual response to the evolving needs and challenges of the population and the end of the communal era. This unification and institutionalization of civic oriented hospital care, resulted in one large Ospedale Maggiore, which was duplicated in towns and cities throughout Italy in the mid fifteenth century. It signified the end of the small, independent hospital movement that had so transformed the landscape of urban society earlier in the Middle Ages. The process of centralization that swept hospitals up in its wake was a universal feature of Italian state-formation in the age of the Renaissance
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Saraceno, Chiara, David Benassi, and Enrica Morlicchio. "A late and uncertain comer in developing anti-poverty policies." In Poverty in Italy, 113–33. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352211.003.0007.
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This chapter analyses the Italian system of social protection (including family allowances) with particular regard to its scarce efficacy in supporting the poor and to the fragmentation that often has counter-distributive effects. The fragmentation does not concern only the policy measures, but also their territorial distribution, across regions and municipalities. Particularly, although not only, in the case of poverty, until very recently there was no national policy, except for the poor old and the disabled. The responsibility for the poor (as for social services) was at the regional and municipal level, with no common framework. This long-standing situation was further strengthened by a constitutional reform in 2011. Within this institutional context, the introduction of a national minimum income provision was long opposed by various forces, notwithstanding some temporary experiments. The situation changed first at the civil society then at the policy level with the onset of the crisis, culminating with the introduction of the beginning of a minimum income scheme in 2016, followed by a reform, due to a change in the government coalition, in 2018. The fragile and changing government alliances that characterize the Italian political scene at present, together with the persistent view of the poor as “lazy” or “cheaters”, leave open the possibility that other changes may occur.
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Shorter, Edward. "The Rise of Nervous Illness." In How Everyone Became Depressed. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199948086.003.0006.
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It is much better, people think, for the nerves than the mind to be ill. The nerves are physical structures, and heal in the way that all organs of the body heal naturally. Disorders of the mind are frightening because they are so intangible, and, we think, may well lead to insanity rather than recovery. From time out of mind, people have privileged nervous illness over mental illness. From time out of mind, societies have had expressions for the varieties of frets, anxieties, and dyspepsias to which the flesh is heir. In France and England in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one term was “vapours,” a reference from humoral medicine to supposed exhalations of the viscera that would rise in the body to affect the brain. A major apostle was London physician John Purcell, writing in 1702, of “those who have laboured long under this distemper, [who] are oppressed with a dreadful anguish of mind and a deep melancholy, always reflecting on what can perplex, terrify, and disorder them most, so that at last they think their recovery impossible, and are very angry with those who pretend there is any hopes of it.” He emphasized melancholia and anguish, and for him the “vapours” were something more than a mild attack of the frets. But this was not for everyone. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, now 60 and living in exile in Italy, described to her estranged husband in 1749 Italian health care arrangements, and how physicians visited rich and poor alike. “This last article would be very hard if we had as many vapourish ladies as in England, but those imaginary ills are entirely unknown here. When I recollect the vast fortunes raised by doctors amongst us [in England], and the eager pursuit after every new piece of quackery that is introduced, I cannot help thinking there is a fund of credulity in mankind . . . and the money formerly given to monks for the health of the soul is now thrown to doctors for the health of the body, and generally with as little real prospect of success.”
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Hartrich, Eliza. "Conclusion." In Politics and the Urban Sector in Fifteenth-Century England, 1413-1471, 225–30. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844426.003.0006.
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By studying the urban political sector—a framework within which towns and the people who lived in them could pool their collective resources to influence national politics, and in which the internal governance and political experiences of different individual towns could influence those of others within the sector—it becomes possible to write a history of late medieval English politics that is not focused exclusively on aristocratic landholders. An urban sector model allows for the political might of smaller towns in a centralized monarchy (such as was the case in fifteenth-century England) to be compared more profitably to that exercised by the more celebrated towns and urban leagues of Northern Italy and Flanders. Also, this book’s emphasis on frequent fluctuations in the nature of the English urban sector, rather than long-term trajectories, serves to question evolutionary narratives concerning the transition from the ‘medieval’ to ‘early modern’ English town.
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Boyer, John W. "The Monarchy in the First World War." In Austria 1867–1955, 486–584. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198221296.003.0007.
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Abstract This chapter provides a detailed account of the demise of the Habsburg Empire as a multi-ethnic, constitutional state as a result of the horrors of World War I. It shows how the Empire, completely unprepared for a long war, stumbled into wartime absolutist governance practices, with brutal military domination over civilian life. The result of inefficiencies, political gaffs, and supply shortfalls was the “hunger winter” of 1916/17 and even worse conditions in 1918 that brought general misery to millions of poor citizens. Franz Joseph’s death in 1916 ended a personal regime of sixty-eight years, comprehending five generations of traumatic political upheavals. The Emperor was succeeded by his grandnephew, Karl Franz Joseph, a 29-year-old amateur soldier who was thrust into the middle of a political morass. Karl became infamous for his lack of systematic decision-making. The reaction among Austrian Slavic leaders to the collapse of the 1918 offensives in Italy and in France and to the slow, yet tangible weakening of the independent standing of the Crown in the Sixtus Affair was unmistakable. The decision of the revolutionary State Council on November 10, 1918 to place a draft of a fundamental law on the formation of a new Austro-German Republic before the Provisional National Assembly in Vienna compelled Karl’s “renunciation” (de facto, abdication) of any involvement in the affairs of state. The end of the Empire as a juristic unit came on the afternoon of November 11, 1918.
Conference papers on the topic "Poor – Care – Italy"
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Catros, S., M. Fenelon, A. Rui, K. Ross, D. Marcio, B. Angel, M. D. S. Luis, et al. "Création d’un site internet Européen de formation au sevrage tabagique." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603002.
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Introduction : Actuellement 208 millions de personnes consomment du tabac en Europe dont 12 millions en France. 650 000 décès sont attribuables au tabac en Europe et environ 60 000 décès par an sont imputables à cette consommation en France, ce qui en fait la première cause de décès évitable. Tous les acteurs de santé devraient être mobilisés pour lutter contre ce fléau. Le chirurgien dentiste doit se sentir concerné car il s’agit d’un enjeu général de santé publique mais aussi spécifique de santé bucco-dentaire. En effet le tabac est l’étiologie principale de certaines maladies graves de la muqueuse buccale : carcinomes épidermoïdes, leucoplasies, carcinome verruqueux (1). Le tabac est aussi un cofacteur favorisant les maladies parodontales (2). Enfin la consommation de tabac perturbe la cicatrisation après les actes de Chirurgie Orale et c’est une contre indication relative aux interventions chirurgie implantaire. Malgré ce constat, les chirurgiens dentistes restent peu impliqués dans l’accompagnement du sevrage tabagique (3). Les raisons sont probablement liées à un manque de formation et de connaissances qui limitent la mise en oeuvre du sevrage tabagique auprès de leurs patients. Pour pallier ce manque, un projet européen a été mis en place grâce à un financement du programme ERASMUS + (4). L’objectif de ce projet est de former les professionnels de santé européens au sevrage tabagique grâce à plusieurs outils. Matériels et Méthodes : Le principal outil de formation sera un site internet diffusé en langue Anglaise, Française, Italienne, Portugaise, et Espagnole. Ce site permettra de fournir un outil d’e-learning afin de promouvoir l’implication des professionnels de santé et notamment des chirurgiens dentistes dans le sevrage tabagique. Par ailleurs, un livre téléchargeable reprenant le contenu du site internet sera également diffusé. Enfin, plusieurs actions de diffusion de l’information seront menées tout au long du projet au travers de communications lors de congrès scientifiques et d’articles dans des revues professionnelles. Résultats : Le site et le livre électronique sont accessibles gratuitement à partir du lien : http://smokingcessationtraining.com/ en/home/ en langue anglaise. La version française sera publiée en ligne dans le premier semestre 2018. Le site a été réalisé sous la coordination de Rui Albuquerque (Birmingham Dental Hospital UK) avec la collaboration de Ross Keat (Birmingham Dental Hospital UK), Jean-Christophe Fricain et Sylvain Catros (Université de Bordeaux, France), Marcio Diniz Freitas (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Espagne), Luis Monteiro (Universitaério de Ciências da Sauéde Portugal), Giovanni Lodi (Universita di Milano, Italy). Conclusions : Ce projet devrait permettre d’augmenter le niveau de compétence des utilisateurs et un certificat sera délivré à ceux qui complèteront l’évaluation en ligne. Ce projet devrait permettre d’avoir un impact éducatif en formant les chirurgiens dentistes, un impact sur la santé des patients et un impact économique en réduisant les couts sociétaux induits par le tabagisme.
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Cerasoli, Mario. "Efectos territoriales de los procesos de privatización de las infraestructuras: el caso de los ferrocarriles del estado y el proyecto ferro-viario de alta velocidad." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Mexicali: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7654.
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Desde la mitad de los años 80, las empresas públicas de infraestructuras tuvieron que convertirse en empresas privadas. Si, por un lado, es cierto que las directivas de la UE en materia de privatización se crearon para reglamentar los mercados internos y la competencia, por otro lado, no parece que tuvieron debidamente en cuenta los impactos que la privatización podría tener sobre el territorio y por esto hubo recaídas sobre el territorio en términos de desarrollo y planificación de la red ferroviaria y en la gestión del transporte de pasajeros y cargas.
Este documento describe el progreso de la investigación que se está desarrollando en el Departa-mento de Estudios Urbanos de la Universidad “Roma Tre”, y que quiere comprobar la hipótesis de que la privatización de empresas de infraestructura tiene efectos espaciales no previstos.
A través de un enfoque multidisciplinario se estudia principalmente la evolución del marco de compe-tencias en materia de planificación/programación y ejecución/gestión de las infraestructuras (tanto antes como después de la Directiva n.91/440/CEE), con especial referencia a las relaciones entre los actores planificadores y los de las infraestructuras y a la actualización de la directiva de la UE en Ita-lia y en otros países europeos. El caso de estudio se refiere a los ferrocarriles estatales, con especial atención al proyecto Alta Velocidad en contraposición a la red ferroviaria de nivel local.
La investigación tiene como objetivo definir una visión sintética de las ventajas y desventajas, espe-radas e inesperadas, que la aplicación de las directivas de la UE sobre la privatización de las infraes-tructuras ha tenido en el territorio, entendido como un fenómeno complejo que combina objetivos so-ciales, económicos y ambientales en relación continua y recíproca que constituyen el escenario de nuestras vidas.
Un posible resultado para este trabajo será la identificación de posibles correctores a los mecanis-mos de las privatizaciones, tanto en términos de aplicación de las directivas de la UE como en térmi-nos de revisión del marco administrativo en temas de infraestructura y en el proceso de construcción del territorio. Since the mid-'80s, infrastructural public companies had to be converted into private com-panies. If it is true that the EU-directives on privatization were created to regulate markets and com-petition, it does not seem they have adequately considered the impacts that privatization would have on the territory. Actually, there have been significant impacts on the territory in terms of development and planning of railway networks and management of passenger and cargo transport.
This document describes the progress of a research that is being developed at the Department of Ur-ban Studies, University “Roma Tre”, which aims at testing the hypothesis that the privatization of the infrastructural company produced unforeseen territorial impacts.
Through a multidisciplinary approach, the research mainly focus on the evolution of the competency framework for planning/programming and construction/management of infrastructure (both before and after the Directive n.91/440/CEE), with special reference to the relationship between actors involved in planning and those dealing with infrastructure, comparing Italy with other European countries.
The case study concerns the state railways, with a focus on High-Speed Rail Project (TAV), and the condition of the remaining local railway network. The research aims to defining a general overview of the advantages and disadvantages – expected and unexpected – that the implementation of EU directives on infrastructures privatization has had on the territory, seen as a complex phenomenon that combines social, economic and environmental ob-jectives in a continuous and reciprocal relationship that constitutes the backgrounds of our life.
A possible result for this job will be to identify possible corrective measures to the privatization proc-ess, in terms of implementation of EU directives, revision of the administrative framework dealing with infrastructure and revision of the land construction process.